AWS Fundamentals

AWS CloudFront Overview: • Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) operated by Amazon Web Services. • Amazon CloudFront securely transfers content such as software, SDKs, videos, etc., to the clients, with high transfer speed. • CloudFront has servers located in Europe, Asia, Australia, South America, Africa, and several major cities in the United States. • CloudFront operates on a pay-as-you-go basis. • CloudFront competes with larger CDNs, such as Akamai and Limelight Networks 2 5 1

Some Popular Companies Using CloudFront : 2 5 2

AWS CloudFront Architecture CloudFront Components There are multiple components in AWS CloudFront 1. CF Origin : The source location of your content 1. CF Distribution : The configurable unit of CloudFormation 1. Edge Locations : The local cache of your data 1. Regional Edge Caches : A larger version of an Edge location, which sits between the origin and an typical Edge location primarily to improve the performance. 2 5 3

AWS CloudFront Architecture (Cont’d) CloudFront Caching Process On the diagram, we can see two users from the same region are trying to access a single file from the Origin (S3). Each user points to separate Edge cache locations. 2 5 4

AWS CloudFront Architecture (Cont’d) CloudFront Caching Process Step 1 : The user request is landed on the closest Edge location. The process checks the requested resource is available at the Edge location. Step 2 : If the content is available, it returns the successful response with the requested image. This is a “Cache Hit” scenario. Step 3 : If it is not available at the Edge location, the process requests it from the Regional Edge location. This is a “Cache Miss” scenario. Step 4 : If not, it requests it from the AWS origin Step 5 and 6 : The process returns the image back to the requester. Step 7 : Another user tries to retrieve the same image, which the first user tried. The second user gets it from a different Edge location close to his access. Step 8 : Since the second Edge location does not have the image file, it tries to get it from the Regional Edge location, which the first user also used. Step 9 and 10: Since the Regional Edge location already has it, it returns the image file back to the second user.

Amazon CloudFront Dynamic Content Amazon CloudFront‘s network of edge locations (currently 30) gives you the ability to distribute static and streaming content to users at high speed with low latency. AWS CloudFront can be used to speedily access to dynamic data at low rates. Amazon CloudFront work even better when you use them in conjunction with other AWS services such as Route 53, Amazon S3, and Amazon EC2. Let’s look at the various ways that AWS services work together to make delivery of static and dynamic content as fast, reliable, and efficient and possible • From Application / Client to CloudFront • Within the CloudFront Edge Locations • From Edge Location to Origin

Amazon CloudFront media streaming • Customers use Amazon CloudFront to stream video to viewers across the globe using a wide variety of protocols that are layered on top of HTTP. • The Amazon Content Delivery Network (CDN) can be used with AWS Elemental Media Services to implement two different types of video streaming. • First, we will take a look at on-demand streaming of content stored in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). • After that, we’ll examine live streaming of events or 24x7 channels.

Amazon CloudFront media streaming Following are the steps of setting up Cloud front streaming: 1. Set up an AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) account where your content will live 2. Create a \"bucket\" in S3 to store your media files 3. Move content to your S3 bucket and set its permissions to allow public access 4. Set up a CloudFront streaming distribution that points at your S3 storage bucket 5. Now you’re ready to stream!

Monitoring CloudFront With CloudWatch

Monitoring CloudFront Monitoring is an important part of maintaining the availability and performance of CloudFront AWS solutions. Monitoring data can be collected from all of the parts of your AWS solution so it easily debug a multi-point failure if one occurs. AWS provides several tools for monitoring CloudFront resources and activity, and responding to potential incidents: • Amazon CloudWatch alarms : Using CloudWatch alarms, you watch a single metric over a time period that you specify. • AWS CloudTrail logs : CloudTrail provides a record of actions taken by a user, role, or an AWS service in CloudFront. • CloudFront standard logs and real-time logs : CloudFront logs provide detailed records about requests that are made to a distribution. • Function logs in CloudFront Functions : CloudFront Functions uses an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) service-linked role to send customer-generated logs directly to CloudWatch Logs. • CloudFront console reports : The CloudFront console includes a variety of reports, including the cache statistics report, the popular objects report, and the top referrers report.

Activity: Quiz Your Scorecard Choose the correct alternative: Total Questions: 1. Amazon CloudFront securely transfers content in which speed? a. Fast b. Slow c. Moderate d. Zero 2. How many steps are required in CloudFront caching process? Points Scored: a. 10 b. 8 c. 9 d. 6 Correct Answers: 3. How many types of videos streaming used in AWS CDN? Incorrect Answers: a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four Reset Next

Activity: True or False Choose the correct alternative: True False Your Scorecard 1. CloudFront operates on a reserved instance basis. 2. CloudFront competes with larger CDNs Total Questions: Points Scored: 3. There are only 2 components in CloudFront. Correct Answers: Incorrect Answers: 4. Amazon CloudFront work even better when you use them in conjunction with other AWS services 5. Reset Next

Monitoring Performance and Availability

Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you will be able to: • Give an overview on AWS Monitoring • Explain on how we can Create CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the EC2 Instances & EBS • Explain on how we can Create CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the Elastic Load Balancer • Explain on how we can Create CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the Relational Database Service

AWS Monitoring Explanation : • Amazon Web Services (AWS) monitoring is a set of practices that we use to verify the security and performance of our AWS resources and data • AWS monitoring practices rely on various tools and services to collect, analyze, and present data insights • We use these insights to identify vulnerabilities and issues, predict performance, and optimize configurations 2 6 5

Multiple services and utilities from AWS to monitor your systems. 2 6 6

AWS CloudWatch Explanation : CloudWatch is a service that we can use to aggregate, visualize, and respond to service metrics. CloudWatch has two main components : Alarms, which create alerts according to thresholds for single metrics, And Events, which can automate responses to metric values or system changes. Amazon EC2 allows you to spin up servers for your application without having to actually manage physical hardware. 2 6 7

CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor Amazon EC Instances & EBS. Let’s learn how to create CloudWatch alarms on those metrics. CloudWatch alarms are created from the CloudWatch console. 1. Click on Create Alarm. 2. Click on Select Metric and type the name of the metric into the search box. 3. Choose the metric for the instance you’re going to monitor (under EC2 > Per-Instance Metrics) and look at a 1 week graph to determine what your baselines are. Click Select Metric. 4. Name and describe your alarm. 5. Configure your thresholds. You can use the thresholds described earlier in this article for each metric. 6. Choose what to do when data is missing 7. Set up notifications for the alarm. 8. Click Create Alarm. Since CloudWatch only supports creating an alarm on a single metric, you’ll have to repeat the whole process for each instance and metric combination.

CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the Elastic Load Balancer Elastic Load Balancing publishes a host of metrics to CloudWatch CloudWatch look for abnormalities and limits in these metrics is a great way to spot issues in your ELBs. CloudWatch metrics for Elastic Load Balancing can be viewed normally through the Metrics portion of CloudWatch.

CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the Elastic Load Balancer (Cont’d) Let’s talk about how to create CloudWatch alarms on those metrics. CloudWatch alarms are created from the CloudWatch console. 1. Click on Create Alarm. 2. Click on Select Metric and type the name of the metric into the search box. 3. Name and describe your alarm. 4. Configure your thresholds. You can use the thresholds described earlier in this article for each metric. 5. Choose what to do when data is missing 6. Set up notifications for the alarm. 7. Click Create Alarm.

Creating CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the RDS Amazon RDS allows you to store your application data in databases without having to actually manage the servers the databases are hosted on. RDS publishes a host of metrics to CloudWatch and looking for abnormalities and limits in these metrics is a great way to spot issues with your databases.

Creating CloudWatch Alarms to Monitor the RDS (Cont’d) Let’s talk about how to create CloudWatch alarms on those metrics. CloudWatch alarms are created from the CloudWatch console. 1. Click on Create Alarm. 2. Click on Select Metric and type the name of the metric into the search box. 3. Choose the metric for the database you’re going to monitor (which you can find in the tile labeled Per-Database Metrics) and look at a 1 week graph to determine what your baselines are. Click Select Metric. 4. Name and describe your alarm.

Activity: Quiz Your Scorecard Choose the correct alternative: Total Questions: 1. Amazon Web Service monitoring is a set of _______ a. Securities b. Practices c. Procedure d. Bonds 2. Which are the services and utilities available from AWS that you can Points Scored: use to monitor your systems? a. CloudTrail b. CloudWatch c. CM d. ALL Correct Answers: 3. CloudWatch alarm are created from ____. Incorrect Answers: a. WrtieUps b. Console c. Scripts d. Cycle Reset Next

Activity: True or False True False Your Scorecard Choose the correct alternative: Total Questions: Points Scored: 1. AWS monitoring is a set of practices that we use Correct Answers: Incorrect Answers: to verify the security & performance 2. CloudWatch is a service from AWS 3. CloudWatch has three main components. 4. Amazon RDS allows you to store your application data in databases. Reset Next

Application Services

Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you will be able to: • Give an overview on AWS Application Services • Give an explanation on AWS Application Services. • Give an explanation on AWS Simple Queue Services • Give an explanation on AWS Simple Notification Services.

Application Hosting Using AWS Overview : • AWS delivers reliable, scalable, and cost-effective computing resources to host our applications • AWS components can be used alone or combined to host an application(s) Following are the AWS Components: 2 7 7

Simple Queue Service (SQS) Introduction : Amazon Simple Queue Service is a fully managed message queuing service that enables you to decouple and scale micro services, distributed systems, and serverless applications. SQS eliminates the complexity and overhead associated with managing and operating message- oriented middleware, and empowers developers to focus on differentiating work. SQS can send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume, without losing messages or requiring other services to be available. SQS offers two types of message queues. 1. Standard Queues : Queue offer maximum throughput, best-effort ordering, and at-least-once delivery. 1. SQS FIFO : Queues are designed to guarantee that messages are processed exactly once, in the exact order that they are sent. 2 7 8

Simple Notification Service (SNS) Introduction : Amazon SNS is a fully managed messaging service for both application-to-application (A2A) and application-to-person (A2P) communication. The A2A pub/sub functionality provides topics for high-throughput, push-based, many-to-many messaging between distributed systems, micro services, and event-driven serverless applications. The A2P functionality enables you to send messages to users at scale via SMS, mobile push, and email. Amazon SNS topics publisher systems can fanout messages to a large number of subscriber systems, including Amazon SQS queues, AWS Lambda functions, HTTPS endpoints, and Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, for parallel processing.

Simple Workflow Service (SWF) Introduction : Amazon SWF makes it easy to build applications that coordinate work across distributed components. Amazon SWF makes it easier to develop asynchronous and distributed applications by providing a programming model and infrastructure. Amazon SWF coordinate distributed components and maintaining their execution state in a reliable way. Amazon SWF maintains an application's execution state durably so that the application is resilient to failures in individual components.

Activity: Quiz Choose the correct alternative: 1. Amazon Web Service delivers a type of resources _______ Your Scorecard a. Scalable b. Reliable c. Cost-effective d. All of the Total Questions: them 2. How many types of messaging services offer by Amazon SQS? Points Scored: a. 5 b. 7 c. 3 d. 2 Correct Answers: 3. Amazon SNS is a fully managed messaging service for ______ Incorrect Answers: a. A2A b. A2P c. A2S d. Both a &b Reset Next

Activity: True or False Choose the correct alternative: True False Your Scorecard 1. AWS components can be used alone or combined to host an application(s). 2. Amazon SNS topics publisher systems can Total Questions: fanout messages to a large number of Points Scored: subscriber systems Correct Answers: Incorrect Answers: 3. Amazon SWF makes it easier to develop asynchronous and distributed applications 4. SQS eliminates the complexity and overhead associated with managing and operating work Reset Next

Summary

Summary We learnt about : • Amazon Web Services & the Cloud • AWS Elastic Compute Cloud- AWS EC2 • AWS Storage Fundamentals • AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) • Amazon Identity And Access Management • Amazon Virtual Private Cloud And Networking • AWS Security Fundamentals • Database fundamentals for AWS • Load Balancing with Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) • AWS's Domain Name System • Amazon CloudTrail • Amazon CloudFront • Monitoring Performance and Availability • Application Services

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