E-LESSON-5 HISTORY-1

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B.A.English 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL HISTORY-I BAQ111 First Course Code: 5 Semester: 5 SLM Unit : E-Lesson: www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111)

HISTORY-I 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION After studying this unit, you will be able to: In Rig Vedic Period,great importance was Analyse how social & religious feature become given to the education in the society & later complex in Later Vedic Period. Vedic Period, People understand the importance of education in the development Elaborate the Economic Condition of the Later Vedic of personality and society. People . www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQQ111)1) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > LITERATURE DURING RIG AND LATER VEDIC PERIOD > EDUCATION DURING RIG AND LATER HISTORY-I VEDIC PERIOD > POLITICAL LIFE OF THE LATER VEDIC PERIOD > SOCIAL LIFE OF THE LATER VEDIC PERIOD http://history4upsc.blogspot.com/2010/07/vedic-and-later-vedic-age.html www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Literature During Rig and Later Vedic 5 Period  THE VEDAS: - The four Vedas, Rig Veda, Sam Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda are known to be the earliest Hindu religious literature. They are six in number dealing with a different subject, such as  Siksa-Vedanga deals with pronunciation, speech production or phonetics.  Jyotisha-Vedanga deals with astronomy, the science of heavenly bodies.  Kalpa-Vedanga is related to the rituals means the manner of performing divine service or a book containing a body or code of ceremonies.  Vyakaran-Vedanga deals with grammatical treaties. It means grammar, the science of language, from the point of view of pronunciation inflection, syntax, and historical development. Panini did the greatest work on it.  Nirukta-Vedanga deals with etymology, which means the science or investigation of the derivation and original signification of words. Yaska did an elaborate study on it.  Chanda-Vedanga deals with metrical rules and literally means metrics and deals with the theory of measurement, the art of science of verification. In fact, all the 'Vedangas' gives us valuable information about the period. www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

EDUCATION DURING RIG AND 6 LATER VEDIC PERIOD  The King : According to Aitareya Brahaman political necessity was responsible for the origin of the King. The King was elected. Satapatha Brahaman believes that King was required by the people to bring law and order in the society. By now the concept that the King had divinity had considerably developed.  Coronation : At the time of coronation the King was required to take certain oaths including the one that he will not transgress limits of his authority. But it appears that gradually oath at coronation became a mere formality  Colonization : The Aryans had now started their expansion and began to penetrate and colonize other  Kingdoms. They had occupied Indo-Gangetic plain, crossed Vindhyas and penetrated deep into the South.  Colonization : The Aryans had now started their expansion and began to penetrate and colonize other Kingdoms. They had occupied Indo-Gangetic plain, crossed Vindhyas and penetrated deep into the South.  Sabha and Samiti : The institutions of Sabha and Samiti were still in existence. The Sabha had become considerably well known body. www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SOCIAL LIFE OF THE LATER 7 VEDIC PERIOD  Family : Family still continued to be the unit of life. It was considered that happy family was essential for the sake of life.  The Ashrams : During this period life was ordinarily divided into four Ashrams. First one was Brahmacharya Ashram in which an individual was required to remain bachelor and pursue his study.  Brahmacharya Ashrama: During this ashram, the importance of education was stressed. In this ashrama, he was expected to spend his childhood at his teacher's hermitage. The entrance in this ashrama sanctified with the religious sacrament (samskara) of 'upanayana' when he was 8 year old. After upanayana he was expected to remain in the teachers' hermitage up to 12 to 14 years  Grihasta Ashrama: During this ashram, he was expected to follow his duty in family and commitment towards society. He was expected to marry and became father of sons. Besides, he should perform those duties, which assigned to him by the scriptures www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 VANAPRASTHA ASHRAMA: 8 During this ashram, he was expected to relieve himself from all household tasks and assign his duty to his son. He could live in his house, but should spend more time in the seclusion, remembering God.  SANAYSA ASHRAMA: This is the last phase of his life. During this period, he was expected to leave his home and spent rest of his life in forests or at the feet of God.  All the needs of human being were honoured and properly timed which made his life healthy and satisfactory  Through grihasta ashrama, the family institution was maintained and strengthened. It also took care of the aged people in the family.  Through last two ashrama, the tensions emerged among different generations resolved and the issue of generation gaps regularized. www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

KEY WORDS/ABBREVIATIONS  Later Vedic Period:- Later Vedic period roughly spanned from 1000 B.C to 600 B.C. As the Aryan region 9 expanded, many kingdoms emerged.  Literature:- Literature is regarded as a mirror of contemporary society. It reflects the social condition, norms, practices, laws, religion, and many other aspects  Gargi:- Gargi Vachaknavi was an ancient Indian philosopher. In Vedic literature, she is honored as a great natural philosopher, renowned expounder of the Vedas, and known as Brahmavadini, a person with knowledge of Brahma Vidya.  Anga:- 'Angas' are one of the categories of Jain scriptures followed by the Shwetambara .These compilations are, therefore, called as Angas  Upangas:-Upangas are explanations to Angas  Jamali:- Jamali According to some Jain traditions (Shwetambara mainly), Jamali was the son-in-law and first disciple of Tirthankara Mahavira. www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Learning Activity 10 1. Write a short note on the literature of the Vedic period ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Give a brief account on the development of education during Vedic period ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Multiple Choice Questions 11 1. Which among the following Varna was treated as untouchable? (a) Brahmana (b) Kshatriya (c) Vaisya (d) None of the above 2. Which titles were taken by the Kings in Later Vedic Age? (a) Adhiraja (b) Rajadhiraja (c) Samrat (d) All of the above Answers: 1.(d) 2.(d) www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 12 Chaturashrama or Four Stages of Life was a significant feature developed in the Later Vedic society. The life span was assumed as hundred years and each stage of life was allotted 25 years for its perfection and to reach the goal of life. The hermitage of learned sages became the centre of education in this period. It is called as 'Gurukul'. The rulers and affluent people provided generous donations and patronage to these centres. It was expected from every man to follow four main duties in his life, viz. Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha to fulfil the goal of the birth of life www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION 13 1. Write the feature developed in later vedic society. (For more information see SLM) Ans: Chaturashrama or Four Stages of Life was a significant feature developed in the Later Vedic society 2. What is Gurukul? (For more information see SLM) Ans: The hermitage of learned sages became the centre of education in this period. It is called as 'Gurukul' www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 14  Tripathi, R.S. (2016). Prachin Bharat Ka Itihas : Seventh Edition. Jaipur: Royal Publication.  V.C. Pandey(1986). Political and Cultural History of Ancient India-Part I, Allahabad: Vishal Publication.  Mookerji, R.N. (1947). Ancient India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsi Das PublishersPvt. Ltd..  Basham, A.L.(1967). The Wonder that was India. London: Arthur Probsthain.  Davies, C.C. (1949). An Historical Atlas of Indian Peninsula. India: Oxford University Press  Majumdar, R.C. (2017). Ancient India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsilal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.  Dhillon, S.K. (1991). Religious History of Early Medieval Punjab. Punjab: National Book Organisation. Web Resources  https://www.ancient.eu/india/  https://www.culturalindia.net/india-history/ancient-india/index.html  http://www.historyshistories.com/india-aryan-civilization.html www.cuidol.in Unit-5(BAQ111) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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