E-LESSON-3 HISTORY _ CULTURE OF PUNJAB-1

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B.A. 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB Course Code: BAQ103 Semester: First SLM Unit : 3 E-Lesson: 3 www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103)

HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION After studying this unit, you will be able to: Understand features of Social, Economic and religious life of the Harappan people. The social and economic life of the people of Harappan Civilisation was systematic and organised Become familiar with the society of the Harappans and what we have inherited from them and how rich and glorious was our past www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQQ110033) ) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Life of the Harappan People HISTORY & CULTURE OF PUNJAB > Features of Social Life of the Harappan People > Economic Life of the Harappan People > Religious Life of the Harappan People https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOJY3JQWiTc www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Life of the Harappan 5 People  Food The food of the Harappans was supplied from extensive areas cultivated in vicinity of the city. Rice was probably grown in the Indus valley. The staple food of the people comprised wheat, barley, rice, milk and some vegetables like peas, sesamums and fruits like date palms. Beef, mutton, pork, poultry, fish etc. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

6  Clothing The discovery of large number of spindles proves the use of cotton for weaving social cloths. Wool was also used. The garments might have been sewn. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Decoration 7 Most of the household articles were made of pottery or of metals like copper and bronze. The art of pottery attained a wonderful excellence at Mohenjo-daro. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

8  Utensils and Tools Most of the kitchen utensils including jars, vessels, dishes, etc. were made of earth and stone. There is lack of defensive weapons like sword. Chairs and tools were used for decorating rooms and for sitting comfortably www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

9  Pastimes Hunting of wild animals, bull fighting, fishing and clay modeling were general social amusements of people. It is suggested by scholars that there was strong family organisations among them. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Communication and Intelligence 10 The large number of seals engraved with letters presents the idea that there was high percentage of literacy among the Indus people. The drainage system also speaks of their cleanliness and public hygiene. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Features of Social Life of 11 the Harappan People  Origin of Race On examination of skulls and bones discovered during excavation it is known that people owing their origin to Proto-Austroloid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean and Alpine stock lived in the Harappan cities. These town-dwellers lived a life of ease, peace and prosperity.  Dress and Ornament Since the climate of the area was tropical, naturally people preferred to use garments conductive to tropical climate. Several figurines of males and females have been found at the excavation sites that give us a clear idea about their costumes.  Amusement and Recreation Since the people of Harappan culture were city-dwellers, they had various pastimes for useful recreation of their leisure. They entertained themselves by playing indoor games like dicing,dancing and singing. Further, hunting, fishing, arranging animal and bird fights formed other sources of amusement www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Economic Life of the Harappan People 12  Agriculture The Harappan people were dependent on agriculture as the primary source of living. Archaeological remains of the region reveal a variety of agricultural equipments used by them. Kalibangan gives us the idea about their agriculture. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

• Animal Husbandry 13 The Harappan people domesticated many animals like cow, buffalo, sheep, elephant, camel, pig, etc. They did not know the use of animals like horse and dog. Their seals reveal the images of tiger, bear, rhino, etc. The children’s toys were styled after monkey, mouse, cat, peacock, rabbit, mongoose, etc. Animal husbandry supplemented their agriculture. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Religious Life of the Harappan People 14 The affluent Harappan society was deeply religious in nature. In the absence of ruins of any temple, altar or statue of gods, we have to rely only on figurines and seals of religious significance to have an idea regarding their religious belief. Generally, there are two aspects of a religion, From these available sources, we can form an idea about their religion: 1. Worship of the Mother Goddess. 2. Worship of a male god, probably Shiva or Pasupatin. 3. Worship of animals in natural or semi-human form. 4. Worship of trees and plants in their natural state and the spirits dwelling in them. 5. Worship of inanimate stones or other objects in the form of linga or yoni symbols. 6. Worship of sacred incense-burners or chrematheism. 7. De-monophobia or faith in magic and charms. 8. Practice of Yoga. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS 15  Life of the Harappan People: The social and economic life of the people of Harappan Civilisation was systematic and organised.  The Indus Valley Civilisation: The Indus Valley civilisation was mainly an urban culture sustained by surplus agricultural production and commerce.  Food: The food of the Harappans was supplied from extensive areas cultivated in vicinity of the city.  Clothing: The discovery of large number of spindles proves the use of cotton for weaving social cloths.  Communication and Intelligence: The large number of seals engraved with letters presents the idea that there was high percentage of literacy among the Indus people. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY 16 1. Students are required to identify the life of the Harappan people and prepare a report on the same. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. You are suggested to prepare a report on “Legacy of Harappan Culture”. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____ www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY 17 •The food of the Harappans was supplied from extensive areas cultivated in vicinity of the city. •Rice was probably grown in the Indus valley. •The staple food of the people comprised wheat, barley, rice, milk and some vegetables like peas, sesamums and fruits like date palms. •Beef, mutton, pork, poultry, fish etc. were also eaten by the Indus people. • Agriculture appears to be the main occupation of the Indus people. •Hunting of wild animals, bull fighting, fishing and clay modeling were general social amusements of people. •It is suggested by scholars that there was strong family organizations among them. The craftsmen taught their skill in crafting to their children. •The toys were used by children of the family. www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 18 1. Explain the maim occupation of the Indus people Ans: Agriculture appears to be the main occupation of the Indus people. The staple food of the people comprised wheat, barley, rice, milk and some vegetables like peas, sesamums and fruits like date palms. . (For more information see SLM) 2. Name the activity which is the social amusement of people. Ans: Hunting of wild animals, bull fighting, fishing and clay modeling were general social amusements of people. (For more information see SLM) www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS 19 1. Which of the following consider as the life of the Harappan people? (a) Food (b) Clothing (c) Decoration (d) All the above 2. Which of the following does not consider the economic life of the Harappan people? (a) Agriculture (b) Animal Husbandry (c) Transport (d) Technology Answers: 1.(d) 2. (d) www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFERENCES 20 •Basham, A.L.(1992). The Wonder that was India. Calcutta: Rupa Books. •Walia, J.M.(1992). A History of the Punjab. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. •Joshi, L.M. and Singh, F.(1977). History and Culture of the Punjab.Vol. I. Patiala: Punjabi University. • WEB RESOURCES • https://www.britannica.com/place/Punjab-state-India • https://abhipedia.abhimanu.com/Article/State/NDQ3NAEEQQVVE EQ • https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/punjab/geographical-overview-of- punjab • https://www.google.com/search?q=references&sxsrf=ALeKk03mo O2oC4MzzjcoPQPZnUbCVBLJbA www.cuidol.in Unit-3(BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

21 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-3 (BAQ103) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL