E-LESSON-10 , 11

IDOL Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

BSc.TTM 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Tourism Resources of India Course Code: BTT103 Semester: First SLM Units : 10 &11 E-LESSON : 5 www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 )

Historical Tourism Product 33 OBJECTIVES HISTORICAL TOURISM PRODUCT The course aims to provide basic knowledge of In this unit we are going to learn about World different tourism products of India. Heritage Sites. To Equip the student with the understanding of Different Museums in India. domestic destinations. To enrich student with knowledge of diversified Different Art Galleries in India. tourism resources and products www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) INASlTl ITriUgThEt OarFeDrIeSsTeArNvCeEd AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction of World Heritage Sites > World Heritage Sites in India > Introduction of Museums & Art Galleries. > Museums in India > Art Galleries in India www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES - INTRODUCTION 5  A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area, selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, which is legally protected by international treaties. The sites are judged to be important for the collective and preservative interests of humanity.  As of July 2019, a total of 1,121 World Heritage Sites (869 Logo of the United Nations Educational, cultural, 213 natural, and 39 mixed properties) exist across Scientific and Cultural Organization 167 countries. China and Italy, both with 55 sites, have the (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee most of any country, followed by Spain (48), Germany (46), France (45), India (38), and Mexico (35) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 )

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 6  There are 38 World Heritage Sites located in India.  These include 30 cultural sites.  Seven natural sites  One mixed-criteria site.  India has the sixth largest number of sites in the world. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES 7 www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 8 1. Agra Fort (UP) Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal stands the important 16th-century Mughal monument known as the Red Fort of Agra. 2. Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra) The first Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date from the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. During the Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries A.D.), many more richly decorated caves were added to the original group. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 9 3. Nalanda (Bihar) The Nalanda Mahavihara site is in the State of Bihar, in north-eastern India. It comprises the archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. 4. Stupa at Sanchi (MP) On a hill overlooking the plain and about 40 km from Bhopal, the site of Sanchi comprises a group of Buddhist monuments (monolithic pillars, palaces, temples and monasteries) all in different states of conservation most of which date back to the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 10 5. Pavgadh - Champaner (Gujarat) A concentration of largely unexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage properties cradled in an impressive landscape which includes prehistoric (chalcolithic) sites. 6. CST – Victoria Terminus (Maharashtra) The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, formerly known as Victoria Terminus Station, in Mumbai, is an outstanding example of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India, blended with themes deriving from Indian traditional architecture. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 11 7. Churches and Convent of GOA: The churches and convents of Goa, the former capital of the Portuguese Indies – particularly the Church of Bom Jesus, which contains the tomb of St Francis-Xavier – illustrate the evangelization of Asia. 8. Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra): The 'City of Caves', on an island in the Sea of Oman close to Bombay, contains a collection of rock art linked to the cult of Shiva. Here, Indian art has found one of its most perfect expressions, particularly the huge high reliefs in the main cave. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 12 9. Ellora Caves (Maharashtra): These 34 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km, were dug side by side in the wall of a high basalt cliff, not far from Aurangabad, in Maharashtra. 10. Fatehpur Sikri (UP): Built during the second half of the 16th century by the Emperor Akbar, Fatehpur Sikri (the City of Victory) was the capital of the Mughal Empire for only some 10 years. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 13 11. Chola Temples (Tamil Nadu) : The site includes three great 11th- and 12th-century Temples: the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram. 12. Monuments of Hampi (Karnataka) The austere, grandiose site of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 14 13. Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu) This group of sanctuaries, founded by the Pallava kings, was carved out of rock along the Coromandel coast in the 7th and 8th centuries. It is known especially for its rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries) 14. Pattadakal (Karnataka) Pattadakal, in Karnataka, represents the high point of an eclectic art which, in the 7th and 8th centuries under the Chalukya dynasty, achieved a harmonious blend of architectural forms from northern and southern India. . www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 15 15. Hill Forts of Rajasthan : The serial site, situated in the state of Rajastahan, includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh; Kumbhalgarh; Sawai Madhopur; Jhalawar; Jaipur, and Jaisalmer. 16. City of Ahmedabad (Gujarat): The walled city of Ahmadabad, founded by Sultan Ahmad Shah in the 15th century, on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati river, presents a rich architectural heritage from the sultanate period,. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 16 17. Humanyun’s Tomb (New Delhi) : This tomb, built in 1570, is of particular cultural significance as it was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent. It inspired several major architectural innovations, culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal. 18. Pink City Jaipur (Rajasthan): The walled city of Jaipur, in India’s north-western state of Rajasthan was founded in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II. Unlike other cities in the region located in hilly terrain, Jaipur was established on the plain and built according to a grid plan interpreted in the light of Vedic architecture. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 17 19. Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh): The temples at Khajuraho were built during the Chandella dynasty, which reached its apogee between 950 and 1050. 20. Bodhgaya (Bihar): The Mahabodhi Temple Complex is one of the four holy sites related to the life of the Lord Buddha, and particularly to the attainment of Enlightenment. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 18 21. The Mountain trains: This site includes three railways. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was the first, Ooty of Nilgiri hills and Kalka Shimla mountain rail. 22. Qutab Minar Complex (New Delhi): Built in the early 13th century a few kilometres south of Delhi, the red sandstone tower of Qutab Minar is 72.5 m high, tapering from 2.75 m in diameter at its peak to 14.32 m at its base, and alternating angular and rounded flutings. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 19 23. Rani ki Vav (Gujarat): Rani-ki-Vav, on the banks of the Saraswati River, was initially built as a memorial to a king in the 11th century AD. 24. Red Fort Complex (New Delhi): The Red Fort Complex was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad – the new capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546, with which it forms the Red Fort Complex. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 20 25. Bhimbetaka (Madhya Pradesh): The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are in the foothills of the Vindhyan Mountains on the southern edge of the central Indian plateau. Within massive sandstone outcrops, above comparatively dense forest. 26. Sun Temple Konark (Orissa): On the shores of the Bay of Bengal, bathed in the rays of the rising sun, the temple at Konarak is a monumental representation of the sun god Surya's chariot; its 24 wheels are decorated with symbolic designs and it is led by a team of six horses. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 21 27. Taj Mahal, Agra (UP): An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal. 28. Le Corbusier Sites (Chandigarh): Chosen from the work of Le Corbusier, the 17 sites comprising this transnational serial property are spread over seven countries and are a testimonial to the invention of a new architectural language that made a break with the past. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 22 29. Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (Rajasthan): The Jantar Mantar, in Jaipur, is an astronomical observation site built in the early 18th century. It includes a set of some 20 main fixed instruments. 30. Victorian Gothic Art, Mumbai (Maharashtra): Having become a global trading centre, the city of Mumbai implemented an ambitious urban planning project in the second half of the 19th century. It led to the construction of ensembles of public buildings bordering the Oval Maidan open space, first in the Victorian Neo-Gothic style and then, in the early 20th century, in the Art Deco idiom. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 23 31. Great Himalayan National Park (HP): This National Park in the western part of the Himalayan Mountains in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is characterized by high alpine peaks, alpine meadows and riverine forests. 32. Kaziranga National Park (Assam): In the heart of Assam, this park is one of the last areas in eastern India undisturbed by a human presence. It is inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as many mammals, including tigers, elephants, panthers and bears, and thousands of birds. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 24 33. Kealdeo National Park (Rajasthan): This former duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. 34. Manas Wild Life Sanctuary (Assam): On a gentle slope in the foothills of the Himalayas, where wooded hills give way to alluvial grasslands and tropical forests, the Manas sanctuary is home to a great variety of wildlife, including many endangered species, such as the tiger, pygmy hog, Indian rhinoceros and Indian elephant. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 25 35. Nanda Devi National Park (Uttrakhand): Nestled high in West Himalaya, India’s Valley of Flowers National Park is renowned for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, brown bear and blue sheep. 36. Sundarbans (West Bengal): The Sundarbans covers 10,000 km2 of land and water (more than half of it in India, the rest in Bangladesh) in the Ganges delta. It contains the world's largest area of mangrove forests. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA 26 37. Western Ghats: Older than the Himalaya mountains, the mountain chain of the Western Ghats represents geomorphic features of immense importance with unique biophysical and ecological processes. 38. Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim): Located at the heart of the Himalayan range in northern India (State of Sikkim), the Khangchendzonga National Park includes a unique diversity of plains, valleys, lakes, glaciers and spectacular, snow-capped mountains covered with ancient forests, including the world’s third highest peak www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES IN INDIA 27 AN INTRODUCTION  A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.  An \" art gallery \" is one of the medium or outlet through which the works of art are marketed. It is the wholesale or retail establishment through which one can acquire ownership of an item of art either for personal enjoyment or resale. The art gallery has a physical location www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

NATIONAL MUSEUM, NEW DELHI 28  National Museum is located on Janpath, New Delhi. The National Museum is the largest museum in India. It holds variety of articles ranging from pre-historic era to modern works of art. The impressive building of National Museum is the houses of curious artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization and the Mughal era. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

INDIAN MUSEUM, KOLKATA 29  The most famous museums in India and The ninth oldest regular museum of the world. The Great museum included history of the building and details of art collection. Kolkata is a land of Museums. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SALAR JUNG MUSEUM, HYDERABAD 30 www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 )  The 7 Wonders of Hyderabad include Salar Jung Museum, which has an exquisite collection of priceless articles like Ivory, Marble sculptures. Salar Jung Museum is popular as largest one-man collections Of the World, it is situated on the southern bank of the river Musi. All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PRINCE OF WALES MUSEUM, MUMBAI 31  The Prince of Wales Museum is renamed as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya. The museum has the art, sculpture, old firearms, rare coins and a priceless collection of antiques from pre historic era. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

NATIONAL RAIL MUSEUM, NEW DELHI 32  This famous museum in India focuses on the rail heritage of India. It has the specimens of different evolution phases from the Indian Rail history. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

CALICO TEXTILE MUSEUM, AHMEDABAD 33  This is one of the finest textile museums in the world, Situated in one of the most beautifully, intricately wooden-carved Haveli. The Calico Textile Museum is the premier textile museum of the country and is the world’s best museum on textiles. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SHANKAR’s INTERNATIONAL DOLLS MUSEUM 34 NEW DELHI  Top museum in India to make it to a child’s list of museums in India . India is a land of dolls. They are used as idols, props for stories, toys, and for a number of cultural purposes. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

NAPIER MUSEUM - THIRUVANANTHPURAM 35  The museum is home to a stunning variety of displays from across south India. Special emphasis, however, is on the wood, bronze, and ivory carvings and artefacts from Kerala. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS, KOLKATA 36  Established in 1933, the Academy of Fine Arts in Kolkata is one of the most significant art galleries in India. Various famous paintings by eminent Indian and foreign artists are displayed here. Some of the famous paintings include 'Girl with a pitcher' and 'A Winter's Evening' by Rabindra Nath Tagore. Works of artists like Jamini Roy, Nandalal Bose, M.F.Hussain, etc, are also showcased at the academy. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

GOVT. MUSEUM AND ART GALLERY CHANDIGARH 37  Sculptures are also on display apart from paintings at this prominent museum located in Chandigarh. Started for the public in 1968, the museum features different sections for sculpture, architecture and art paintings. The best sections of the museum consist of sections for Indian miniature paintings, contemporary art, portraits, etc. Paintings by some of the most illustrious artists like Raja Ravi Varma, Amrita Sher-Gil, Jamini Roy, Rabindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Abanindranath Tagore, etc are part of the museum. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

JEHANGIR ART GALLERY, MUMBAI 38  Established in 1952, Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai is owned by a private organization and has paintings of almost all famous Indian artists from Jamini Roy to Arpita Singh. Artists from India and abroad line up to get their work exhibited at this gallery. It is a must visit for art lovers as you will get to see some of the finest art creations of the world at this gallery. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q1. How many World Heritage Sites are there in India? 39 a) 25 b) 30 c) 35 d) 38 Q2. Which of the following is natural world heritage site in India? a) Great Himalayan National Park b) Qutab Complex c) Taj Mahal d) Jantar Mantar Q3. Which of the following in the largest Museum of India? a) National Museum b) Indian Museum c) Salar Jung Museum d) Prince of Wales, Museum Q4. In which state we have valley of flowers in India? a) Himachal Pradesh b) Sikkim c) Uttar Pradesh d) Uttrakhand Q5. In which state we have Victoria Terminus In India? a) Goa b) Tamil Nadu c) Maharashtra d) Karnataka Answers: Q1. (d), Q2. (a),Q3.(b), Q4.(d),Q5.(c) www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY  Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the United Nation gives special status to some selected 40 monuments or places knowing their importance for the universe and its coming generations. India is among the top countries based on the number of UNESCO world heritage sites in India.  UNESCO has declared 35 World Heritage Sites in India. Recently UNESCO have added three remarkable heritage places like, Nalanda in Bihar, The Capital Building Complex designed by Le Corbusier in Chandigarh and the Khangchendonga National Park in Sikkim as World Heritage Sites in July 2016 convention. After adding 3 heritage places sites, the total no of the UNESCO world heritage sites in India have become 38.  Museums are buildings in which we see many things of artistic, cultural, historical, traditional and objects of scientific interest. It is a great source of knowledge. It not only gives us knowledge but also makes us familiar with our history, culture, civilization, religion, art, architecture of our country. In the museum, there are many things which are kept for the public.  Through all these things we can come to know how people of ancient times lived, what they used and what things they made. Therefore, Museums are also called storehouse of history. www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 41 Q1. Which Organization is responsible for identify and maintenance of World Heritage sites globally? Ans: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible globally for the identification and maintenance of World Heritage Sites. For further detail Refer to SLM Q2. How many World Heritage Sites are there in India. What are the categories these are categorized? Ans: There are total 38 World Heritage Sites till date, these are divided into 3 categories, Cultural, Natural and Mixed. For further detail Refer to SLM Q3. What do you mean by the Museum and Art Gallery? Ans: A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. For further detail Refer to SLM www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 42  Gupta, S.P. (2002), Cultural Tourism in India. New Delhi: Indraprastha Museum of Art and Archaeology.  Manoj Dixit and Charusheela. (2012). Tourism Products. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh : New Royal Book Company.  Robinet, J., Sindhu, J. (2008), Indian Tourists, New Delhi,: Abhijeet Publications.  Chinmaya Yuva Kendra. (2008). Awakening Indians to India. Chinmaya Prakashan Publication.  Al Basham (2004). The Wonder That was India. United Kingdom: Picador Publication www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

43 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-10 & 11 (BTT 103 ) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL