BA eng. sem-1 unit-1

Institute of Distance and Online Learning ENHANCE YOUR QUALIFICATION, ADVANCE YOUR CAREER.

Shakespeare’s Marriage of Two Minds Dr. Mosam Sinha www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Shakespeare’s Life • Born 1564, the son of a glover in Stratford Upon Avon. • He probably started out as an actor but later was mainly a playwright. • His plays were very successful and were performed for Queen Elizabeth the 1st and King James the 1st . www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

William Shakespeare, the Immortal Poet and Dramatist • William Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest English dramatist and poet. • His plays, written in blank verse with some prose, can se, can be broadly divided into lyric plays , comedies, historical plays, and tragedies. • He also wrote numerous sonnets. •Born in Stratford-on-Avon, the son of a wool dealer, he was educated at the grammar school, and in 1582 married Anne Hathaway. • By 1592 Shakespeare was established in London as an act as an actor and a dramatist. •and from 1594 he was an important member of the Lord Chamberlain's Company of actors. •Shakespeare was the leading playwright of the company and one of its business directors; he also continued to act. About 1593 he came under the patronage of the Earl he Earl of Southampton, to whom he dedicated his long poems and seems to have dedicated to him his sonnets written around 1593-96. •The present sonnet also comes in the same category. The mysterious `Dark Lady´ also appears in these sonnets. •He retired to Stratford about 1610, where he died on 23 April 1616. He buried in the chancel of Holy Trinity, Stratford. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

WHAT IS A SONNET?  14 lines  Octave  Sestet  Prescribed rhyme scheme  Concerned with single thought or sentiment  Shakespearian sonnet and Italian sonnet. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Octave rhyme scheme = abbaabba  Sestet = cdecde  Octave presents theme in first quatrain, develops in second  Sestet reflects upon theme in first three and brings it to close in the second three lines. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

 Allows for break between octave and sestet  Composed in three quatrains and final couplet  Abab, cdcd, efef, gg www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Sonnet 116 www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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1. Let me not to the marriage of true minds 2. Admit impediments. Love is not love 3. Which alters when alteration finds, 4. Or bends with the remover remove. 5. O, no, it is an ever-fixed mark 6. That looks on tempests and is never shaken; 7. It is the star to every wand'ring bark, 8. Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. 9. Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks 10. Within his bending sickle's compass come; 11. Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, 12. But bears it out even to the edge of doom. 13. If this be error and upon me proved, 14. I never writ, nor no man ever loved. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Theme of the Sonnet Shakespeare, here, throws light on the nature of true love. True love is the union or fusion of true minds. The poet says that no obstacle is possible in the meeting of two hearts. The poet thinks that true love is permanent and changeless. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

What is True Love? •This sonnet is addressed to his friend and patron The Earl of Southampton. •In this sonnet Shakespeare writes about nature of true love, which is permanent and unchanging. •A true lover does not change the object of love. •The poet compares the true love to a light house. A light house is built on seashore to guide ships. Ships change their course in tempts. They are violently shaken in tempests but the lighthouse remains ever fixed on its place . It does not care for storms. •Similarly true lovers do not change their mind even when they face many difficulties. It is not a give and take relationship. •He says – Oh, no! it is an ever-fixed mark, That looks on tempests and is never shaken; •The poet compares true love to the pole star also. all other stars in the sky rise and set , appear and disappear but the pole star constantly shines at the same place. •True love is stable and permanent like the pole star. It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Eternity of True Love •The poet differentiates True love from physical beauty. •The physical beauty grows and declines with time . • It is always changing from birth to death. • In our old age we become very ugly. This does happen with true love. True love is immortal. •Time has no control over love . Time is a great destroyer. It can destroy everything in nature. It changes beauty and youth into sickness and ugliness. •However time is powerless before love. It does not grow old and decay. It does not change with hours, weeks, and even with centuries. •The true love survives till the Dooms Day or the Judgment Day. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SONNET 116 - COMMENTARY onnet 116 is about love in its most ideal form. It is praising the ories of lovers who have come to each other freely, and enter to a relationship based on trust and understanding The first ur lines reveal the poet's pleasure in love that is constant and rong, and will not \"alter when it alteration finds.\" The following nes proclaim that true love is indeed an \"ever-fix'd mark\" hich will survive any crisis. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

1. Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. I hope I may never acknowledge any reason why minds that truly love each other shouldn't be joined together. Let me not declare any reasons why two True-minded people should not be married. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Let me not: may I never The marriage of true minds : The first two lines are a \"manifest allusion to the words of the Marriage Service: 'If any of you know cause or just impediment why these two persons should not be joined together in holy matrimony', speak now or forever hold your peace. impediments: obstruction, reason During the wedding service the priest says: If any of you know cause or just impediment why these two persons should not be joined together in holy matrimony, speak now or forever hold your peace. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

2. Love is not love 3. Which alters when alteration finds, 4. Or bends with the remover remove. Interpretation 1 Love isn't really love if it changes when it sees the beloved change or if it disappears when the beloved leaves. Interpretation 2 Love is not love Which changes when it finds a change in circumstances, Or bends from its firm stand even when a lover is unfaithful: www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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5. O, no, it is an ever-fixed mark 6. That looks on tempests and is never shaken; storms Oh no, love is a constant and unchanging light that shines on storms without being shaken; Oh no! it is a lighthouse That sees storms but it never shaken; www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

It is an ever-fixed mark:: i.e., a lighthouse (mark = sea-mark). : www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

7. It is the star to every wand'ring bark, 8. Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. Wand’ring - sailing around on bark the ocean. In lines 7-8, the poet claims that we may be able to measure love to some degree, but this does not mean we fully understand it. Love's actual worth cannot be known – it remains a mystery. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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It is the star to every wand'ring bark, Definition: i.e., the star that guides every lost ship (guiding star = Polaris). Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. The subject here is still the north star. The star's true value can never truly be calculated, although its height can be measured. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

. Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks 0. Within his bending sickle's compass come; ove is not under time's power, though time has the power to estroy rosy lips and cheeks. ove is not at the mercy of Time, though physical beauty omes within the compass of his sickle. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Time leads to old age. Time is addressed as a person, therefore it is an example of personification. Example of Apostrophe: Time is abstract but is addressed directly as if it is a person. Rosy lips and cheeks – this photo shows the effect of time on a face that had rosy cheeks and red lips Sickle: Death carries a sickle and harvests the people who are to old to keep on living. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

10. Within his bending sickle's compass come Definition: i.e., physical beauty falls within the range (\"compass\") of Time's curved blade. Note the comparison of Time to the Grim Reaper, the scythe-wielding personification of death Love's not Time's fool : i.e., love is not at the mercy of Time. his: i.e., Time's Time does not influence the intensity Physical of the love. Beauty Love does not change as time goes by. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

The remaining lines of the third quatrain (9-12), reaffirm the perfect nature of love that is unshakeable throughout time and remains so \"ev'n to the edge of doom\", or death www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

11. Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, 12. But bears it out even to the edge of doom. Love does not alter with the passage of brief hours and weeks, but lasts until Doomsday. Love does not alter with hours and weeks, But, rather, it endures until the last day of life. www.cuidol.in Alter = change All right are reserved with CU-IDOL Unit-1(MAP-607)

edge of doom. : i.e., Doomsday. The end of the world www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

In the final couplet, the poet declares that, if he is mistaken about the constant, unmovable nature of perfect love, then he must take back all his writings on love, truth, and faith. Moreover, he adds that, if he has in fact judged love inappropriately (incorrectly), no man has ever really loved in the ideal sense that the poet talks about. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

13. If this be error and upon me proved, 14. I never writ, nor no man ever loved. If I'm wrong about this and can be proven wrong, I never wrote, and no man ever loved. If I am proved wrong about these thoughts on love Then I recant all that I have written, and no man has ever [truly] loved. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

If this be error and upon me proved : If I am wrong about love and someone proves it: www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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Metaphor line 1: true minds Two people who love each other and wants to get married is compared with having true or honest feelings in their minds. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Alliteration line 2: Love is not love. Repetition of the letter L www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Metaphor line 5: Love is an ever fixed mark. Love is like a star, something that never moves, www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Personification line 6: that looks on tempests. A fixed mark cannot look. Look is a human quality and a fixed mark is something dead. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Metaphor line 7: t is the star to every moving bark. ove is like the star that gives direction to every moving ship. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Personification Apostrophe line 9: Time is personified because it is written with a capital letter and addressed as if it is a person. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Metaphor line 10: Time is like a bending sickle where the bending sickle refers to the sickle death uses to reap the death. www.cuidol.in Unit-1(MAP-607) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

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