E-LESSON-6,

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M.B.A 2 All right are reserved with CU-IDOL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Course Code: MBA603 Semester: First SLM Units: 6 E-LESSON : 5 www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603)

PERSONALITY AND LEARNING 33 OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION Student will be able to :  In this unit we are going to learn about the  Impart the knowledge of Personality and Learning. Introduction , Types, Factors influencing personality along with the personality  Apply the Practical Knowledge of Factors theories. influencing personality.  This Unit will also make students to enhance  Identify the Theories of Personality and learning . the knowledge of various Personality and Learning theories.  Critically analyze the various Learning and Personality theories www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) INASlTl ITriUgThEt aOrFeDreISsTeArNveCdE AwNitDh OCNUL-IIDNOE LLEARNING

TOPICS TO BE COVERED 4 > Introduction of Personality and learning > Theories of personality : Big Five Theory > Factors influencing personality > Meaning of Learning and Learning Theories :  Classical Conditioning theory  Operant conditioning  Reinforcement www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

PERSONALITY 5  Meaning : Personality is the collection of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are associated with a person.  Personality traits are characteristic behaviors and feelings that are consistent and long lasting.  The term character has been defined in many methods, however as a mental concept primary meanings have evolved. The first relates to the steady differences that exist between human beings: on this sense, the take a look at of persona specializes in classifying and explaining noticeably solid human mental characteristics. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Definitions : PERSONALITY 6 According to Valentine, “Personality is the sum total of innate and acquired dispositions. According to Munn , “Personality may be defined as the most characteristic integration of an individual‟s structures, modes of behaviour, interests, attitudes, capacities, abilities and aptitudes.” According to Boring , “Personality is an individual consistent adjustment to his behaviour.” According to Cattell , “Personality is that pursuits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.” www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

TYPES OF PERSONALITY  Average: The most commonplace kind are people who are high in neuroticism and extraversion even as the 7 decrease in openness.  Reserved: People of this kind are not open or neurotic however they are emotionally strong. They tend to be introverted, agreeable and conscientious.  Role-models: These people are natural leaders with low ranges of neuroticism and excessive levels of agreeableness, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness. They pay attention to new ideas and are dependable.  Self- centred: whilst those people score high in extraversion they rank below common openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. \"The way for you to grow is to know about yourself,\" Amaral said. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERSONALITY 8  Psychology is related to the elements which have an effect on development of personality.  These elements are related to physical form, heredity and environment. Character isn't always stricken by simplest one element.  One man or woman is stimulated by way of one issue and the other is induced through a few different. These elements may be categorized as:  Biological and Hereditary Factors  Environment Factors  Psychological Factors www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BIG FIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY 9 www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BIG FIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY 10  Neuroticism /Emotional Stability ……………………………………….Relaxed. Secure, unworried  Extroversion…………………………………………………………………Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive  Openness…………………………………………………………………….Imaginative, Independent, sensitive, curious, intellectual  Conscientiousness………………………………………………………….dependable, responsible, Organized, Careful, achievement oriented  Agreeableness……………………………………………………………….. Soft-Hearted, cooperative, Trusting www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BIG FIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY 11 Neuroticism /Emotional Stability :  Neuroticism refers to the dimension of emotional stability. Someone high on neuroticism would exhibit an instability in his or her emotions, interactions, and relationships.  They may have frequent and wide mood swings, be difficult to understand, and become more upset over daily stressors and interactions.  The person low on neuroticism may be seen as reserved, calm, and perhaps even unemotional.  Extroversion :  Extroversion refers to a person who prefers group activities, group sports, large gatherings, lots of friends and acquaintances, loud music, and social endeavors. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

BIG FIVE THEORY OF PERSONALITY 12  Openness  Openness to experience refers to the dimension ranging from outgoing, liberal, interested in new things, and imaginative to reserved, conservative, traditional, and conforming Conscientiousness  Conscientiousness refers to the continuum ranging from organized, careful, and determined to careless, and weak willed. Those on the high end of this factor may be seen as stoic, cold, and methodical.  Agreeableness  Agreeableness represents the extremes of stubborn versus easy going or suspicious versus trusting. Those high in agreeableness are helpful, sympathetic to others, and understanding. Those low on this trait are seen as argumentative, skeptical, and strong-willed. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

13 www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

LEARNING 14  Meaning :  Studying is a key procedure in human behaviour. All residing is studying. If we compare the easy, crude methods in which a infant feels and behaves, with the complex modes of person behaviour, his capabilities, conduct, thought, sentiments and so forth- we are able to recognize what difference mastering has made to the person.  Learning is defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice and experience”. This definition has three important elements. a. Learning is a change in behaviour—better or worse. b. It is a change that takes place through practice or experience, but changes due to growth or maturation are not learning. c. This change in behaviour must be relatively permanent, and it must last a fairly long time. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

LEARNING THEORIES 15 www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Classical Conditioning Theory 16  This idea is also referred to as conditioned response theory, respondent conditioning principle and Pavlovian conditioning. Conditioning means amendment of a natural response.  It is the purchase of a new stimulus-reaction courting. This theory changed into evolved by a Russian physiologist Ivan P Pavlov (1849-1936). He got the Nobel prize on his research „digestive gadget of puppies‟ inside the identical 12 months.  Pavlov designed an apparatus to measure the quantity of saliva produced in response to food (meat power). At the beginning of his experiment Pavlov noted that no saliva flowed when he rang the bell. He then trained the dog by sounding the bell, and shortly afterwards presenting food. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Classical Conditioning Theory 17  As the training continued, the amount of saliva on tests with the bell alone increased. Thus, after training the dog‟s mouth watered-salivated- whenever the bell was sounded. This is what was learned; it is the conditioned response.  This theory states that CS (bell) becomes a substitute after pairing with UCS (food) and acquires the capacity to elicit a response. It is because the association (conditioning) is formed between CS and UCS. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Operant Conditioning Theory 18  Operant Conditioning :  This method of conditioning was developed by an American psychologist BF Skinner. This theory is also known as „Instrumental conditioning‟, because the animals use certain operations or actions as instruments to find solution.  Skinner conducted his famous test through placing a hungry rat in a field referred to as after his call „skinner field‟. This box become containing a lever and a food tray in a corner of the container. It was so arranged, that the animal turned into loose to move inside the container, but the urgent of the lever could get the animal a pallet of food within the tray as reinforcement. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Operant Conditioning Theory 19  Operant Conditioning :  Association changed into additionally made to record the variety of pressings of the lever by a mechanical device. It changed into determined inside the beginning that the rat pressed the lever every now and then and used to get meals as reinforcement for each pressing.  Regularly, as the animal learnt the pressing of lever might provide a few food, it repeated the responses very hastily. This fast growth in urgent the lever is the indication of the animal conditioned to get meals. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Operant Conditioning Theory 20  It is on the basis of these experiments, Skinner made his famous statement “Rewarded behaviour is repeated”.  Instrumental conditioning involves more activity by the learner than classical conditioning. Skinner conducted his experiments on different animals like pigeons, rats, etc.  Reinforcement which is the most important aspect of this experiment is divided into two types:  Positive reinforcement is used in reward training.  Negative reinforcement-like punishment is used to stop undesired responses or behaviours.  Operant conditioning is useful in shaping undesirable behaviour and also in modification of behaviour. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Social Cognitive Learning Theory 21  In line with the cognitivism model, the educators want to consciousness on discovering new and advanced techniques for making their mental techniques higher in preference to the bodily actions.  So, the primary job left for the instructors is to help them in increasing their knowledge in conjunction with paving up their way to success.  The method can be utilized by small enterprise owners to encourage the employee base for reshaping their strategic wondering practices into some thing more expert. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

Social Cognitive Learning Theory 22  This also involves manipulating their trouble-fixing abilities along side their reminiscence.  This goal can without difficulty be executed through the conduction of games, contest and specific kinds of sports that make the appoint feel as though they may be being challenged with the aid of some thing that they could clear up, just, if they manage to link as much as their numerous parts of brains.  All this takes their attention, flexibility, velocity and ingenuity to a better level than earlier than, and the equal goes for the productivity of the place of work. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

SUMMARY  Meaning of Personality : 23 Personality is the collection of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are associated with a person.  Types of Personality :  Average  Factors influencing Personality :  Reserved  Biological and Hereditary Factors  Role-models  Environment Factors  Self- centred  Psychological Factors  Big Five Theory :  Neuroticism /Emotional Stability  Extroversion  Openness  Conscientiousness  Agreeableness  Meaning of Learning : Learning is defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice and experience”.  Learning Theories: Operant Conditioning Social Cognitive Learning Theory  Classical Conditioning www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which personality theories give recognition to continuity of 24 personalities? (a) Humanistic (c) Trait (b) None of the above (d) Integrative 2. Select the factor influencing Personality (a) Biological (c) Identical (b) None of the above (b) Selection 3. Classical Conditioning Theory was given by which scientist . (a) Peter Drucker ( c) B.E Skinner (b) Albert Bandura (d) Ivan P Pavlov 4. Who defined Personality as “Personality is an individual consistent adjustment to his behavior.” (a) Valentine ( c) Munn (b) Boring (d) Cattell Answers : 1. (c), 2. (a), 3.(d) , 4. (b) www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 25 Q1.Enumerate the detail od Personality along with the types of personality? Ans. Personality is the collection of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are associated with a person.  Average  Reserved  Role-models  Self- centred For further explanation please refer to SLM. Q2. Elaborate the various Learning of theories . Ans. Learning is defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice and experience”. Theories of Learning are : 1) Classical conditioning theory 2) Operant Conditioning Theory 3) Social cognitive Learning Theory  For further explanation please refer to SLM. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

REFRENCES 26  Robbins P Stephen, Organizational Behaviour, 15thedition, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.  Koontz – Principles of Management (Tata McGrew Hill, 1st Edition2008)  Robbins & Caulter – Management (Prentice Hall of India, 8thEdition)  Aswathappa K, Organizational Behavior, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai  Luthans Fred, Organizational Behaviour, McGraw Hill Book Co, New Delhi.  Prasad L M, OrganisationalBehaviour, Sultan Chand Publications. www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL

27 THANK YOU For queries Email: [email protected] www.cuidol.in Unit-5 (MBA603) All right are reserved with CU-IDOL