Sculpture can be simply described as a three- dimensional art that can be view from any angle we want. Ask the physical existence is longer the sculptures become more powerful. There are many sculptures in the world of priceless value and artist taste of great artist’s centuries old. The artist has created sculptures from various materials such as marble, wood, copper and clay. These sculptures are placed for public viewing outdoors or in museums. These sculptures can be enjoyed freely according to a person’s taste in art. Terra cotta army, 210 - 209 BC There are three large tombs near the tomb Si Juan the first emperor of the China who died in 210 before Christ. Double mini statues made of play in them. These statues depict life size soldiers. It said those 8000 soldiers, 670 horses and 130 chariots here. The sculpture discovered in 1974. The specialty of the sculpture is that it is different from the other. It appears that this statue made one at a time and then deposit in pits. David’s statue, 1501 - 1504 BC This is the masterpiece in the history of sculpture created by renowned artists Michelangelo. It is made of carved marble stone from the carrarar and intended to adorn the Great Cathedral of Florence in Old Testament Christianity, with the image of living as one of the images, the statue weighed 6 tons. Therefore, it could not be display in the cathedral. Then it disappeared outside the entrance to the City Hall in Florence. In 1873, a replace of the site taken the David to “Academia Gallery” for display. Art E-Magazine | Sculpting | 38
14 years old dancer, 1881 - 1992 Although Edgar Degus, best known as an artist, he also loved sculptures. The 14 years old dancer is one of his sculptures. The statue was dressed in a real ballot costume. Many of their decorations that feed the girls boarding were also made of wax. This is the only sculpture Degas has exhibited in his lifetime. Since his death in 1917, about 156 of his s culptures found. Queen Nefertiti, erected in 1345 BC First found in 1912, it is a valuable sculpture of feminine elegance. As statue among the ruins of the city of Amarna, built by the barrage of ancient Egypt. It believed that Queen Nefertiti, the queen of King Akhenaten Paro, ruled the Kingdom left as Queen Nefertiti after the King’s death. This limestone statue believed made by Thomas the sculpture of Raj Sabha. A beautiful color shame painted here. The Burghers of Calais, 1894 -1885 August Rodin was the most popular French sculptor. This sculptor ensemble commemorating an incident during the war between Britain and France. Where a long yearlong siege by the English in 1346 lifted when six town elders offered themselves up for execution in exchange for sparing the population. In 1346, the English lifted a yearlong siege when six city elders volunteered for execution to save the population. This human feature are life size. Instead of E sold 10 images, all images stitched together. 39 | Sculpting | Art E-Magazine
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Sculpture and the art of antiquity Arguments in favor of A more common defense of sculpture sculpture appeared with less frequency was related to its three-dimensionality: in Renaissance writings, but instead painting could never achieve the played out in the strength of the naturalism of sculpture because it development of the medium itself could only approximate depth and during the period and its implicit volume, while a sculpture existed in connections to antique art. 15th volumetric space like the thing it century Florentine sculptors largely imitated and could be viewed from initiated the stylistic developments many different angles. In his of the Renaissance, so much so that contribution to Varchi’s discussion of in the introduction to his treatise on the paragone, Michelangelo argued that painting, Alberti acknowledged the painting was only good insofar as it extraordinary accomplishments of imitated the three-dimensional qualities four sculptors (Brunelleschi, also a of sculpture, a point that his follower famed architect; Ghiberti; Luca Della Benvenuto Cellini supported with the Robbia; and Donatello) and only one evidence that Michelangelo himself painter (Masaccio, who had already worked under this principle and was been dead for several years). Given recognized by many as the greatest the close study Renaissance artists painter in history made of works of ancient art, they were well aware that the bulk of what survived consisted of marble and bronze statuary and reliefs. Not only did this situation illustrate the advantage of sculpture’s durability, it also meant that painters depended on ancient sculptures like the Belvedere Torso as models - often for the poses and idealized representations of human figures - to give their own works classical flavor. Art E-Magazine | Sculpting | 42
Modern sculptures are historically There are many defined as sculpture beginning with the work of Auguste Rodin (1840–1917) and famous and great modern ending with the advent of Pop Art and sculptors all around the Minimalism in the 1960s. It is a form of world. Some of them are sculpture created in nature, from nature, Louise Bourgeois, Robert using materials found in nature like dirt, Gober, Jeff Koons, Antony soil, rocks, logs, branches, leaves, and Gormley, Paige Bradley, water. Thomas Schütte and Louise Bourgeois. We can promote Many modern sculptures are now modern sculptures in Sri made from materials ranging from steel Lanka to engage with the fu- and aluminum to plastics and composites ture world. using processes ranging from welding and adhesive bonding to molding and 3D printing. Modernist sculpture movements include Art Nouveau, Cubism, Geometric abstraction, De Stijl, Suprematism, Constructivism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism, Formalism, Abstract expressionism, Pop-Art, Minimalism, Post minimalism, Land art, Conceptual art, and Installation art among others. The differences between modern sculpture and traditional (classical) sculpture are classical sculpture had a fairly limited range of media (marble, bronze, etc.) and subject matter (portraits, nudes, etc.) but modern sculpture became known for widely extending the range of materials (wood, plastics, welded metals, found objects, rubber, latex, fiberglass, etc.) and expression, including lots of abstract and surreal subjects. 45 | Sculpting | Art E-Magazine
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Orientation Sca Orientation is the sculpting of space. Scale is the total p This includes the direction of the objects in a work sculpture in relation to the ground and relate the scale to th its position in the environment, i.e. the body - how big and upper and lower part of the sculpture. relative to us. An a use a scale that is diff Proportions of life, and this has a Along with surface anatomy, a sculptor fee must also know the human ratio. Proportions can also be a comparison of the size between specific parts, such as the ear, relative to the face, or the known proportions between the total size of the image and its parts 49 | Sculpting | Art E-Magazine
ale Articulation physical size of the This describes how sculptural figures of art. We always (and other forms) are jointed, either how the different parts of a body merge he size of the human d small the piece is in a single form, or how separate artist may decide to sections come together. fferent from the size an impact on how it Balance els. Balance is the way in which the elements of art (line, shape, colour, value, space, form and texture) are intertwined in a composition according to their visual weight in order to create a visual balance. That is, one side does not appear to be heavier than the other. Art E-Magazine | Sculpting | 50
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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, Michelangelosimply know as michelagelo was an italian sculptor, painter, architect and a poe. He was born in 6th march 1475 in caprese. His father was Chiusi dlla Verna and his mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. Since his childhood, young Michale preferred drawing rather than learning. At age 13 he was apprenticed by Ghirlandaio and at 14 he became a paid artist. From 1490-1492 he attended the platonic academy. Popular sculptures such as Statue of David (1504), Pieta (1490), Apollo (1530) are some of his creations. This great artist died on the February 18 1564 in Rome, Italy. Donatello Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi, also known as Donatello was born in 1386 in Florence Italy. He was a Florentine scupltor of the Renaissance period. He spent most of his time in other cities and while there he worked on commissions and tought others. As a result his technique developed. He worked with storn, bronze, wood, clay, stucco and wax. David is one of his well-known sculptures, Donatello died on december 13, 1466 in Republic of Florence. Myron of Eleutherae (480-440 BC) was an Myron Athenian sculptor from the mid 5th century BC. He was born in Eleutherae the borders of Boetia emo Attica. According to pling’s naturals history his teacher was Argos. Myron worked almost exclusively in bronze. His fame rested principally opon his representation of athletes. His sculptures were more harmonious in proportions than that of other sculptors of his time. His most famous works according to pling’s natural history was a heifer, a dog, a perseue, a satyr admiring the flute and minerva, a hercules, Discobolus and Apollo. Art E-Magazine | Sculpting | 52
Henry Spencer Moore OM CH FBA was an Henry English artist born on 30 July 1898 in Castleford UK. He is best know for his semi abstract monunental Spencer bronze sculptures which are located around the world. His mother was Mary and his father was Raymond Spencer Moore. He wanted to become a sculpture when he was 11 after hearing of michelangelo’s achievements. At school he was intrested in medieval sculpture. He also served in the world war 1 as an army soilder. Due to an injury, he became a student at the Leeds school of Art which was the first step of becoming a sculptor. Reclining Figure (1969), Family Group (1950), Recumbent Figure (1936) are some of his creations. He died on the August of 31, 1986 in Perry Green UK. T issa Ranasinghe Tissa Ranasinghe was a Sri Lankan artist know for his work in bronze. He was born on May 9, 1925 in the village of Yogiyana. He studied art at the college of fire arts Colombo in 1949. After earning a diploma in 1952 he continued his studies at Britain’s Chelsea school of art recieving a certificate in bronze casting. He recieved many awards including the first UNESCO fellowship allocated to Sri Lanka under the creative artiest scheme. History of Sri Lankan Drama is one of his most famous creations which is located in Navarangahala hall in Royal College Colombo 07 and the bronze statue of “Dushkarakriya” is another example. He died in November 2019. 53 | Sculpting | Art E-Magazine
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Across 2. ______ is a bronze sculpture sculpted by the famous German artist Ernst Barlach which shows class warfare between impoverished peasants, shepherds and beggars and the rule of the Russian Tsar. 5. Western sculptures from the early periods of the Greece and Rome to the end of the 19th century underwent a progressive development from archaic stylization to _______ . 7. Ossip Zadkines sculptures are from this art style. 9. During the Middle Ages, ______ sculpture represented the agonies and passions of Christian faith. 12. The most commonly used metal for sculpture. 15. Ancient sculptors from this land used ‘Plaster of Paris’ as a casting medium. 16. A metal sculpture done in 2001 by the artist Antony Gormley, which the extension of rods from the sculpture corresponds to the extension of the body and of itself into the surrounding space, in a lively energy drive. 17. Auguste Robin’s ‘The Thinker’ is a bronze sculpture which is often used to represent the __________ . 20. “Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it” is a famous saying from the great sculptor ___________ . Down 1. Greco-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism of __________ art. 3. _________ is a series of sculptures by the modern sculptor Paige Bradley. These sculptures are lit with the use of electricity. 4. It is considered that the marvellous sculpture ‘Laocoon and His Sons’ was sculpted in the Greek ___________ period. 6. Throughout the history, this has been the principal sculpture making material of monumental sculpture for almost all the cultures. 8. The Pietà sculpture is made up of ______ . 10. Michelangelo’s The David statue is situated in the city of ________ . 11. A form of sculpture comprised of “found” objects arranged in such a way that they create a piece, a sculpture. 12. ‘Venus De Milo’, the statue of the goddess Venus was found in the island of ____ . 14. One of the greatest Buddhist sculptors who lived in the Heian period and has a good reputation in the history of Buddhist statues in Japan. 18. The _______ statue is a world-famous sculpture designed by the sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It is situated in the North American continent. 19.The main uses of using ___ in sculpture are as a preliminary modelling material for metal casting by the cire-perdue, and for making sketches. Art E-Magazine | Sculpting | 60
references • https://www.britannica.com • https://www.thoughtco.com/ • http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/ • https://www.bbc.co.uk/ • http://what-when-how.com/ • https://artsattrinity.weebly.com/ • https://www.britannica.com/ • http://wikipedia.org/ • http://www.statue.com/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_sculp- ture • https://blog.artsper.com/ • https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/ • http://modernmaterialsartist.com/ 61 | Sculpting | Art E-Magazine
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