PE - ARCHERY - STEM11

History & Facts By constantly being focused, it can help you focus and keep calm in high-pressure situations. Archery trains your hands to aim based on the feedback from your eyes. With continuous practice and repetition your coordination becomes better. The better coordination an archer has, the better the aiming.

Authors Claire Concepcion Claire M. Concepcion and Jennina Rufino are two students who both study at Jennina Sofia Francine Casa del Niño Science High Kersty M. Rufino School, they are also both 11th graders and are in STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics). They have chosen to write all about the sport Archery, from its history to where it is now. Both authors aim to spread knowledge of the basic history of this sport and about the facts and rules.

The History of Equipments to Archery be used Archery in the Olympics Glossary of through the years Terms Rules & Regulations in Archery

HISTORY OF ARCHERY The earliest evidence of archery dates to the late Paleolithic period, around 10,000 BC, when the Egyptian and neighbouring Nubian cultures used bows and arrows archery for the purposes of hunting and warfare. In China, archery dates back to the Shang dynasty (1766-1027 BC). Modern Kyudo is practiced primarily In the Greco-Roman period, the bow was as a method of physical, moral, and more used for personal exploits or spiritual development. After certain hunting, rather than warfare. ritual movements, the archer moves to the shooting line and shoots from a Archers are frequently seen on pottery at distance of 28 meters at a target 36 that time. The Parthians were horsemen cm in diameter set in a bank of sand who developed the skill of swivelling that is roofed over. The bow used is around in the saddle and could shoot 2.21 metres long and made of backwards at full gallop. laminated strips of bamboo and wood.

ARCHERY AND GODS, KINGS, MYTHS AND LEGENDS Archery has not only had historical significance for 1000s of years but it has also been romanticised in stories since antiquity. Eros and cupid In classical mythology, the best- known archers are Eros and Cupid, the Greek and Roman gods of love, respectively. They wield a bow with arrows that cause uncontrollable desire in whomever they hit. It’s a beautiful metaphor and what has made Cupid probably the most-depicted archer in art history. Odysseus Archery plays a key role in the Iliad and Odyssey, the epic Greek poems attributed to Homer and the oldest existing works of Western literature from the eighth century BC. .

1900 The History of Archery in the The 1900 Olympics were held in parallel with the OLYMPIC GAMES World's Fair in Paris, France. Many archery events were held and more than 5,000 archers St Louis - 1904 participated. However, only seven of the events involving French, Belgian and Dutch archers are St Louis 1904 - The archery competition in this year considered part of the Olympics. Many of the other was the first to include female archers in this events acted as modifiers. Early target archery and Olympic games, making archery one of the first Popinjay archery format local rules were used. 103 Olympic sport to include both genders as archers from 3 nations participated. participants. It was also technically the first to include team events. 29 archers from the USA London - 1908 participated. London 1908 - Archers from France and the USA Antwerp - 1920 joined the hosts Great Britain to compete in various events using local rules. Queenie Newall won the French and Dutch archers joined host Belgium and, women’s double national round event at the age of according to local rules, participated in various 53. To this day, she remains the oldest gold events primarily related to the historical discipline medallist in Olympic history. Lottie Dod, a sporting of Popinjay Archery. Hubert van Innis has become all-rounder and tennis star who won Wimbledon the most successful shooter in Olympic history. The five times between 1887 and 1893, finished second. sport was removed from the Olympic program after 57 archers from 3 nations participated. the Antwerp event, largely due to the lack of international rules and structures. World Archery Munich - 1972 was founded in 1931 to regulate sports with the aim of returning to the Games. 33 archers from 3 nations participated. Archery rejoined the programme of the Olympic Montreal - 1976 Games after a 52-year hiatus. John Williams and Doreen Wilber became archery’s first Olympic Champions in the modern era. The winners were The USA swept both Olympic titles for the second decided by the total cumulative points score on consecutive event following archery’s double FITA rounds. 95 archers from 27 nations reintroduction to the programme of the Games. 64 participated. What are FITA archers from 24 nations participated. rounds? Moscow- 1980 A FITA round consisted of 36 arrows at targets set at The United States boycotted the 1980 Moscow distances of 90, 70, 50 and 30 metres for men, and 70, Olympics, and Archery won the first champion from a non-US country for the first time since it was 60, 50 and 30 metres for women. The farthest two reintroduced into the Olympic program in 1972. 67 distances used targets measuring 122 centimetres in archers from 25 countries participated. diameter, and the closest two distances used targets Seoul- 1988 measuring 80 centimetres in diameter. Los Angeles- 1984 Darrell Pace of the United States was the The team tournament was first first and only person to win the title of introduced in Seoul in 1988, the second Olympic singles in Los bringing the total number of gold Angeles in 1984. Neroli Fairhall in New medals available at the archery Zealand ranked 35th among women and tournament to four. For the first became the first quadriplegic athlete to time in the Olympic Games, a compete in any sport at the Olympic separate competition format called Games. 109 archers from 35 nations Grand FITA was used to improve the participated. spectator experience, eliminating athletes during the event.

Atlanta - 1996 Barcelona - 1992 The 128-athlete quota was introduced at Atlanta Barcelona 1992 intruduced the head-to-head match 1996, alongside a qualification system, making format to the Olymic Archery. Accessibility to a new archery one of the first Olympic sports to feature style of competition for audience and broadcast an equal gender split at the Games. More than laid the foundation for the ultimate success of 54,000 spectators watched the events, and archery archery. In this year, para archer Antonio Rebollo lit won the International Olympic Committee’s Golden the Olympic cauldron using a flaming arrow. 106 Rings Award for the best broadcast coverage. 128 archers from 44 nations participated. archers from 41 nations participated. Athens - 2004 Sydney - 2000 2004 Archery competition was held in the There were a number of records broken in this year, Panathinaikos Stadium, it was also the venue for 8 Olympic records and 3 World records. Simon the first modern Olympic Games held in 1896 and Fairweather won the 2000's recurve men's event in the Ancient Greek’s Panathenaic Games. 128 the purpose-built venue. archers from 43 different nations participated. Beijing - 2008 There were two match arenas, running side by side, London - 2012 for the archery competitions at Beijing 2008. Zhang Juan Juan, representing the host nation of China, Held at the Lord’s Cricket Ground, more than 60,400 won the recurve women’s event and generated a lot tickets were sold to the audience that spectated of national attention. 128 archers from 49 different the sport competition, it became a success that nations participated. have led Archery to be named as one of the Core Sport at the Olympic Games. The set system was Rio - 2016 first inturduced for the individual events in this year. Oh Jin Hyek has become the first recurve The Olympic Games held in this year was held in the men's champion from Korea. 128 archers from 5 famous Sambodromo Marques de Sapucai, Brazil. nations participated in this year's events. Korea won all four medals in the Archery division and was a first in history. There were 128 Tokyo - 2020 participants from 56 nations across the world. Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games was delayed by a year because of the CORONA VIRUS Pandemic. The Tokyo 2020 Olympics Archery debuted the mixed team event that brougt the total number of gold medals available in the archery competitions to five for the first time in the modern era.

RREUGLEUSLA&TIONS 1 2 Archers must adhere to all official rules in terms of the equipment 3 they use in the performance of their sport, with the main emphasis 4 being on them using no equipment or accessories that would give 5 an unfair advantage over an opponent. 6 7 The maximum time permitted to shoot an end of three arrows is two minutes, and four minutes for an end of six arrows. Athletes may not raise the bow arm until the signal to start is given and penalties can be given – in the form of points forfeits – if the bow is drawn after the official practice has been closed. An arrow cannot be re-shot under any circumstances. The arrow may be considered not to have been shot if it falls from the bow or misfires, or if the target blows or falls over. Extra time would be given in such circumstances. An arrow that rebounds or hangs from the target will still score based on the mark it makes on the target face. Arrows that stick – Robin Hood-style – in the nock of another shall score the same as the arrow in which they are embedded. Athletes can be disqualified, have points deducted or be banned from competition for various breaches of rules, based on the severity of the offence. If equipment is damaged, appeals can be made to the judge for such equipment to be replaced or fixed, and any time allowances will be at the judge’s discretion.

8 Olympic Archery Distance – Range Setup 9 For Olympic medal competitions in archery, the Archery Olympic Round is currently used. This was introduced to make the sport more watchable as a competitive event, and was developed by World Archery. Since 2010, the Archery Olympic Round has used a sets system instead of a 12-arrow match. The distance for this round is 70 meters. Olympic Archery Target olympic archery targetThe target is a five colored target that is 122 centimeters in diameter. There are ten scoring rings, which are each 12.2cm in width. Each color consists of two rings. The inner color, gold, scores 10 or nine points. Red rings are worth eight or seven points. Next, the blue rings score six or five points and black scores four or three points. Finally, white scores two or one point. 10 Individual Competition First are the ranking rounds. Athletes shoot 72 arrows, in ends of six, and the total scores rank the archers from one to 64. This provides the seeding for the elimination brackets. In the next phase, elimination rounds are comprised of sets of three arrows each. Two athletes shoot against one another, and the loser leaves the competition while the winner advances to the next round. Archers have 20 seconds to shoot each arrow, shooting in turns of one arrow each. Athletes win two points if they have the highest score in the set, and each athlete is awarded one point if the set is a draw. The first athlete to six points wins the match. During the gold medal final, two athletes remain. They shoot a match, and the winner is awarded the gold medal while the loser will receive a silver medal. The two semifinal losers compete for the bronze. 11 Team Competition Each team is made up of three athletes of the same gender from the same country. The combined ranking round score of the three athletes is used to rank the teams from one to 12, giving the seeding for the elimination brackets. These brackets progress like the individual competition. Team matches are also decided using the set system, but with six arrows instead of three. Arrows are shot in groups of three, alternating between each group. Every athlete in a group must shoot an arrow, but they can fire in any order. After the first team completes its group, the second team shoots. Finally, both teams repeat the process for a second group. The team with the highest score receives two set points. If tied, each team receives a point. Like in the individual competition, the first team to six set points wins the match. The match consists of four ends of two arrows each for each archer. This means a total of 24 arrows are shot. The team has two minutes to shoot all six arrows. In the event of a tie, each team is allowed one minute for each team member to shoot an arrow. The team with the highest total score is the winner.

Equipments -Bowstring Tbapemaaiatmwnrrrheoqarccpderwuooyhhfoiwopeebatmsrmrsrronsmayyo.ndwienbsaewnastlHneeaetrpictdorncqoohetwdrutrowio,ottiepuaaismmcvomrtt.acrepiauooeloarticnw,nnmpimhbttiepoe.aoaizcefnrrweceetaImtthesnhattoecehhnorreiieeiedssnfr, -Bow -Arrows -Gloves -Finger Tabs -Quivers -Chest guard -Nock - Sight -Specialist archery insurance from Gunplan.

Glossary of Terms Bow The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device and long-shafted projectiles. Arrows The arrow, a thin wooden shaft with a feathered tail. Finger Tabs The tab covers the palm on your draw hand and is a good choice for people who find wearing a glove too constrictive. Quivers A hip quiver will keep your arrows facing out in front of you so you can grab them from your side. Back quivers, on the other hand, keep your arrows behind your head Olympics a series of international athletic contests held as separate winter and summer events in a different country every four years. Archery Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. The word comes from the Latin arcus, meaning bow. Archers a person who shoots with a bow and arrows, especially at a target for sport.

Bowstring The string of a bow used to transfer the energy to the arrow. Most strings are made of a hydrocarbon product called dyneema. Chest guards Usually made of plastic or leather, chestguards are intended to keep clothing out of the way and to protect the body against a bowstring at release. Chest guards The attachment on the rear of an arrow that holds it in place on the bowstring. Sight A device placed on the bow to help the archer take aim Team Competition While individual competitions focus on the key strengths of each employee, team competitions are about bringing people together. Individual Competition An \"individual contest\" refers to a contest between two individuals. Athletes a person who is proficient in sports and other forms of physical exercise.

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JENNINA RUFINO | CLAIRE CONCEPCION STEM - 11 Submitted to Ms. Rolda & Ms. Gangan SUBJECTS PHYSICAL EDUCATION | READING & WRITING