Không phải huyền thoại

["551 \u0111\u00e1nh. \u0110i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n l\u00ean r\u1eebng, t\u1eeb r\u1eebng xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u00edt. V\u00e0 Mao cho r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Engels c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0ong t\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang Claud\u01a1v\u00edt, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u00f3n. \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee9i\u1ecf nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec9 kli\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ec\u00e0i\u00ecl\u00ec chi\u1ebfn trai\u1ee9i du k\u00edch. Khi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n Trung Hoa, chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, \u1edf Nga \u1eebong chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i th\u1ee9 hai. B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian so\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5y t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \\\"Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch\\\". Trong cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m n\u0103m 1942 \u1edf khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9, B\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9\u1ee9\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh du k\u00edch. Cu\u1ed1n thvr hai, hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 ba \\\"Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch\\\", (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1944), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ih s\u1eeda, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111inh ngh\u0129a \\\"Du k\u00edch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\\\" (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1eca). B\u00e1c vi\u1ebft: \\\"Du k\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap hay \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0\u00ec, \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac k\u1ebb th\u00f9kh\u00f4ngng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ngph\u0103ig. Du k\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3kh\u00ed gi\u00f3i t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng; qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3kh\u00edgi\u1ecfi t\u1ed1t, chua th\u1eaf\u1ee9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng qu\u1eb1n du k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba hhih, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf, kh\u00e9o l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, kh\u00e9o x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, n\u00ean qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Chuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta v\u0169 trang kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1i\u1ee9i T\u00e2y, Nh\u1eadt, cl\u00fanh d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\\\". Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, B\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \\\"kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn cho chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch\\\", kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i du k\u00edch l\u00e0 \\\"\u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh\\\", nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u1eadt xa, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn du k\u00edch l\u00e0 \\\"l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u00edt\\\". B\u00e1c ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y. Nhimg r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u1eadn dimg n\u00f3 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o l\u00e0m.","5 5 2 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u1eef\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. B\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, khi tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam, ng\u01b0\u00f2i d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u00f3i c\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t M\u0169nh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i n\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 nh\u00e0. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf, r\u1ee9i\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ta \u0111\u00e3 \u1eef\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t, trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Nam K\u1ef3, kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a Ba T\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian d\u00e0i t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea1i n\u00fai r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn khi v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00edr\u1eedi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u1eef\u01b0ong v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0o th\u00f2i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, r\u1eebumg \u1eefong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng T\u1ed5 Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng giao chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00f3i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean khu 1 gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 quy\u1ebft t\u1eed\\\". Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ee9i\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1eef\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng khi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta r\u00fat \u0111i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00fac n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh r\u1ee9i\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n khai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Sau chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t l\u1eedii\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bao v\u00e2y kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y d\u1ee7 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nhimg nh\u1ea5t \u0111inh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian","553 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ta th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng sau l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e1i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0ong th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng khu du k\u00edch, khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng \\\"l\u00e0ng t\u1ec1 ahi qu\u1ed1c\\\", nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt... n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 du k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ta \\\"xoay v\u1ea7n v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecbch\\\" chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngay \u1eef\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0ong m\u00ecnh. V\u00f3i t\u00ecnli th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean mu\u00f4n h\u1eebih v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t trang nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan ng\u1ee5y vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadn \u0111i c\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbch. \\\"...12-12-1953. M\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i qua m\u1ed9t Thu \u0110\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft ti\u1ec7t n\u00e0y! T\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng, t\u00f9ng l\u00e0ng san s\u00e1t. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u1eefng th\u1eb1ng \\\"bu\u00f4n m\u00e1u\\\", \\\"b\u00e1n x\u00e1c\\\" l\u00e0 c\u00e1cl\u00e0ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u bao b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u00eam. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00faa n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb, to\u00e9t, \u1ed1m... Eh\u00edng m\u00f9a l\u00faa con g\u00e1i \u0111ang tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady, h\u00e3y coi ch\u00f9ng \u1eeb\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng ru\u1ed9ng xar\u1eed\u00ec r\u00ec \u1ea5y... Th\u1eb1ng b\u00e9 con \u0111ang nh\u1eb7t c\u1ecf, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00f3i \u0111ang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec5ii ti\u00eau. D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u00e2ng qu\u01a1: \\\"Tr\u00e2u ai \u0103n l\u00faa nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y?\\\" c\u0169ng ch\u1edbc\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua. c\u1ea9n ih\u1eadnl C\u00f3 th\u1ec3l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1m hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o tin \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb... Th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i ngoan ngo\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f2 h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \\\"\u0111\u00f4 m\u00e1u \\\" v\u00e0 \\\"gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c\\\". Ti\u1ebfn qu\u1eb1n gi\u1eefa l\u00fac oi \u1ea3, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn noi r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3n\u00ean \u0111i tr\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o b\u1ecdn t\u00f9. G\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ecbch, h\u00f2 h\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u00edt, \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ta ti\u1ebfn, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u00f9a, s\u1eafp nu\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7ng m\u00ecnh. Eh\u00edng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdn cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, ham ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng (theo l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1 N\u00e9mo) ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea7m ch\u00edr\u1eed\u00ec c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \\\"t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ea5i thu\u1eadt\\\"hcm h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt\\\". Nh\u0169ng ao rau mu\u1ed1ng s\u00e1tl\u0169y tre n\u1ebfu cho Uhh xu\u1ed1ng khua... r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edfgi\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, chui v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eb7n ch\u00f9ng ba b\u1ed1n m\u00e9t s\u1ebd l\u1ecdt th\u1ecfm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c tre, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u theo t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 tam tam ch\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa\u00fdnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadtph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \\\"c\u1eaftngang kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00edt\\\", chi\u1ebfn t\u1ec9m\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \\\"V\u1eb9m\\\" m\u1edbi \u0111u\u1ecdc...<^>\\\". 1. Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Phong Ba, m\u1ed9t sTquan ng\u1ee5y. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.","5 5 4 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I M\u1eb7t \u1eef\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u1eefu hmh th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 h\u1eeb\u1ee9\u00ec, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\\\". Nh\u00edmg ar\u1eedi v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0u xanh chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u1ee9i\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec7n y m\u00e0u \u0111en, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u h\u00f2a v\u00e0o v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u00f3i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u0169\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ee7i s\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Chi\u1ebfn trar\u1eedi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt cho ta m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 gay g\u1eaft trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nli m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c r\u00fat lui chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch nhau 100 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ai kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ch\u00faih ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u00f3i g\u1eb7p V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam, Tnmg Qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a anli l\u00ean Di\u00ean An h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nhrmg r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0a ai\u1ee9i s\u1edbm \u1eef\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ngay trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a. Anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Cao B\u1eafc L\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00f3i nh\u00e2n d\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nam ti\u1ebfn n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Cao B\u1eafc L\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng xu\u00f4i, v\u00e0 anh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n anh, m\u00e0 B\u00e1c mong sao s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n em kh\u00e1c. Trong khi \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 v\u00f3i m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng m\u00f9ih v\u1eeba khai ph\u00e1 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u1eefanh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \\\"\u0110em s\u1ee9c ta m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho ta\\\", \\\"Bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1r\u1ee9i l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e2n\\\", \\\"C\u00f3 d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\\\"... \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1eedi\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1ed3i L\u00e3o T\u1eed:","555 \u201cC\u00e1i ngay th\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i cao gi\u1ed1ng n h \u01b0 quanh co. C\u00e1i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u1ed1i cao gi\u1ed1ng n h \u01b0 v \u1ee5 n g v\u1ec1. S\u1ef1 h \u00f9 n g bi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao gi\u1ed1ng n h \u01b0 ng\u1ecdng ngh\u1ecbu \u201d. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta ngay t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u1eef\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i Cao B\u1eb1ng sau ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 22 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1944, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p Philippe Devillers nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau trong cu\u1ed1n \\\"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\": \\\"Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u00f2i gian th\u00e1ng IP '\u2019, nh\u1eefng \u1eef\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1i\u1ee9i m\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n binh Phai Kh\u1eaft, N\u00e0 Ng\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ed3ng Mu, Qu\u1ea3ng Uy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0169\u00ech th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi 'v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, b\u1eebih t\u0129hh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p', 'b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t M\u1eef\u1ee9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 huy hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh du k\u00edch, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i th\u1eeba h\u00e0r\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gan g\u00f3c''^>\\\". Bigeard, ch\u1ec9 huy Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n D\u00f9 6 l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 huy Tnmg t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u1eefong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 l\u00ea d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p, sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Ph\u00e1p. Trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, Bigeard \u0111\u00e3 \u1eef\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00f3i ta tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Cl, \u1eef\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u00e2n bay. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Peter Macdonald \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Bigeard \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eedi\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \\\"H\u1ecd can \u0111\u1ea3m, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, th\u00f4ng n\u0169nh, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9.\\\" \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh: \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, y\u00eau h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, chiing t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1edbi nhau\\\"f^t 1. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1944. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft). 2. \u201cHistoiredu VietNam\\\". Ph\u00edlippe Devlllers. Ed\u00edtlons du Seuil. Paris. 1952. 3. GIAP, les deux guerres d'lndochine. Peter Macdonald. Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1992. Trlch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: B\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft.","5 5 6 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I V\u1edbi ph\u01b0ong T\u00e2y, sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho t\u1eebng b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u00f2ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u00f2i ch\u1ec9 huy cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean. Ch\u1ee9ng ta h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy \u1eef\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. Peter Macdonald, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1eefong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh 32 n\u0103m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh, vi\u1ebft: \\\"... V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0oi n\u0103m l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n n\u0103m m\u01b0oi n\u0103m tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng suy tmh ch\u00ednh \u1eef\u1ecb \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh \u00f4ng v\u00f3i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh ch\u00ednh quy \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ee9i\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, v \u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00f9\u00ec s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eedi\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i... v \u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, \u00f4ng Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch; v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong l\u00echh v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn hanh quy \u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f3i, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0m hao m\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Hon ai h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1eebih hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00f2i c\u01a1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ng\u1ee5y trang v\u00e0 nghi binh... Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 trmh chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh EH\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u1eeba cho Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba cho Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u00f2ng...'^' 1. GIAP, les deux guerres d'lndochine. S\u0110D. Tr\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: B\u1ea3n T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft.","557 Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a mmh, Peter Macdonald, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng Marcel Bigeard, nguy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u00f3 Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Ph\u00e1p, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p. Bigeard tr\u1ea3 l\u00f2i \u00f4ng ta r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 T\u01b0\u00f3ng Gi\u00e1p, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \\\"\u00d4ng r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f2i gian \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ba m\u01b0oi n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3\\\"...<'' Cecil B. Curry, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng phu t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p vi\u1ebft; \\\"... \u00d4ng [V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p] kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u1eef\u1edf th\u00e0i\u1ee9i m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i... Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu, thi\u1ebfu trang b\u1ecb, thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00edr\u1eedi... m\u00e0 v\u1eabn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 2) v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 (m\u1ed9t \u1eefong hai si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i) d\u00f9 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefiig ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i... Trong hon ba m\u01b0oi n\u0103m, t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y dimg m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o... \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa\u00ech l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1... \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1eef\u01b0\u1eddng s\u0129 quan c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn hanh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \\\"gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f3p\\\" m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eeb\u1ee9i vi\u00ean qu\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \\\"\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn\\\". Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. Trong nhvmg n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t. M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nh\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n m\u00f3i m\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 1. Peter Macdonald, S\u0110D. Tr:","5 5 8 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft phi gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00faih th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda canh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft. Khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5a \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean, Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb nh\u1eefi\u00ecg c\u1ee5m qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn hon \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1 ly l\u1edbn hon bao gi\u1edd l\u00ec\u1ebft... Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u1eefong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u00f2i ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0ong T\u00e2y. \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u00f2i c\u00f3 nh\u0169ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp \u00f4ng*^'\\\". Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u0169ng l\u00f2i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ba m\u01b0oi n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nhung v\u00ec sao cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng phu nghi\u00ean crhi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1eebih ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng hai \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c to l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u00f2i ta c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\\\", \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\\\", \\\"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch (t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7)\\\", \\\"Du k\u00edch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn\\\", \\\"du k\u00edch \u1eef\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn\\\", \\\"ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n\\\", \\\"t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh\\\"... \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t; \\\"gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quanh co\\\", \\\"gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1\\\", \\\"gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdng ngh\u1ecbu\\\". D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u0169, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu theo m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xem so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ngay b\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u1eafng b\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i v\u00f3i M\u1ef9. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. 1. The Victory at any cost, Cecil B. Curry, NXB Brassey'S.INC, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i M\u1ef7 n\u0103m 1997. Tr\u00edch ch\u01b0cmg \u201c\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\\\".","559 m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0103ng \u00f3c \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u00f2i gi\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t ba m\u01b0oi n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u00f3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u B\u00e1c n\u00f3i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1923 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac Ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1eef\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ebb con, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u0169ng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh hay nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a L\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n: Ng\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft coi khinh ng\u00e0n l\u1ef1c s\u0129 C\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ng\u1ef1a b\u00e9 nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng.","5 6 0 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 g\u1ed3m ba ph\u00e2n khu: Khu Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, hay Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m (Centre pr\u00fa\u00eccipa\u1ec9 de r\u00e9sistance, hay Sous secteur Centre), Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc (Sous secteur Nord), Ph\u00e2n khu Idaben (Sous secteur Isabelle). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1954 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ta. Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m g\u1ed3m 6 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng (Cen\u1eefe de r\u00e9sistance): 1. Claud\u1eebie (Cl\u00f4\u0111\u1eefi), g\u1ed3m 5 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m (point d'appui): Claudine 1, Claudme 2, Claudme 3, C\u1ec9audme 4, C\u1ec9audine 5. 2. Dom\u1eebiique (\u0110\u00f4min\u00edch), g\u1ed3m 6 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m: Dom\u1eeb\u00ecique 1, Dom\u1eeb\u0169que 2, Dom\u1eebiique 3, Dominique 4 (sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng Epervier), Don\u00fanique 5, Dom\u1eebdque 6. 3. Huguette (Huygh\u00e9t), g\u1ed3m 8 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m: Hu\u1ef5guette 1, Huguette 2, Huguette 4, Huguette 5, Huguette 6, v\u1ed1n \u1eef\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Anne Marie 3, Huguette 7, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Aime Mar\u00ece 4, Huguette 9, Huguette F. 4. Eliane (\u00calian), g\u1ed3m 7 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m; Eliane 1, Eliane 2, Eliane 3, Eliane 4, Eliane 10, Eliane 11, Eliane 12. 5. Epervier (\u00cap\u00e9cvi\u00ea), g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m Dom\u1eeb\u00faque 4. 6. \u1ecaunon (Giuyn\u00f4ng) g\u1ed3m 3 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ecaunon 10, \u1ecaunon 11, \u1ecaunon 12.","561 Ri\u00eang tnmg t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng B\u00e9a\u1eebice (B\u00eaat\u01a1rix\u01a1), g\u1ed3m ba c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m: 1,2,3, c\u00f3 \u1eef\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb xa cho t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u00e2n khu \u1eefung t\u00e2m nhung v\u1eabn do ph\u00e2n khu trung t\u00e2m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy. Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc g\u1ed3m hai tnmg t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng: 1. Anne Mar\u00ede (Ann\u01a1 Mari), g\u1ed3m 4 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m; Aime Marie 1, Anne Marie 2, Anne Mar\u00ede 3, Aime Marie 4. Sau khi m\u1ea5t Anne Mar\u00ede 1 v\u00e0 2, hai c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ee5m H\u1ee7guette thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m, mang t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Huguette 6, Huguette y. 2. Gabr\u00edel\u00ece (Gab\u01a1rien) Ph\u00e2n khu Isabelle (Idaben), g\u1ed3m 5 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m: Isabelle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy (PQ c\u1ee7a De Castries \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y- nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng-nam Khu trung t\u00e2m (thu\u1ed9c C\u1ec9audme v\u00e0 \u1ecaunon), ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tham muu m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1r\u1eedi s\u1ed1.","5 6 2 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed theo ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc (theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ta l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m ba trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng: Gabrielle, B\u00e9a\u1eebice v\u00e0 Arnie Marie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 sau): \u0110\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp Gabriel\u1ec9e Him Lam B\u00e9atrr\u00ecce B\u1ea3n K\u00e9o g\u1ed3m Anne Marie 1v\u00e0 Anne Marie 2 n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n K\u00e9o. Ph\u00e2n khu Trung t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng (\u1edf h\u1eefu ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng N\u1eadm R\u1ed1n); AI E\u1ec9iaiie 2 C1 Eliane 1 c 2 Eliane 4 A3 Eliane 3 E1 Dominique 1 DI Don\u0169i\u00faque 2 D2 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1o binh 210 Don\u00fai\u00faque 6 D3 Don\u0169i\u00faque 5 505, 505A Dom\u1eebdque 3 506, 507 Eliane 10 508 Eliane 11 509 Eliane 12","563 Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (\u1edf t\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng N\u1eadm R\u1ed1n): 105 Huguette 6, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Anne Marie 3. 106 Huguette 7, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Anne Marie 4 206 Huyguette 1 208 Huguette 2 310 Claudme 4 311, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u00e0 No\u1ecdng Huguette F, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Prangoise 311A Huguette 5 311B Huguette 4 Ph\u00e2n khu H\u1ed3ng C\u00fam Isabelle.","5 6 4 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y John Kennedy ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed George, th\u00e1ng 11-1998 Gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hoa t\u00fa c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ebb qu\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt cao ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng b\u1ebb g\u1eaby s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1n g\u00f3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng \u1eefong m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1: \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u1edf Khe Sanh. \\\"To\u00e0n d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u,\\\" Gi\u00e1p n\u00f3i theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh. H\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f3i tuy\u00ean \u1eefuy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4\u00edig ngimg ngh\u1ec9 cho chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ki\u00ean cvr\u00f2ng h\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00fa t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 binh thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p sinh ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5u tranl\u00ec trong phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m Gi\u00e1p l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1eefong nh\u00e0 lao Ph\u00e1p. Khi \u00f4ng 32 tu\u1ed5i, c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb v\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft trong tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.","565 V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3i thi\u1ec7u v\u00f3i v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u01b0ong lai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam - H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nhtr m\u1ed9t \u1eefong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c- qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00c2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n, \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 giao cho Gi\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u00f2i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3: t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i Ph\u00e1p. Trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft du k\u00edch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. Nhimg cao tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1954. Sau 56 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam m\u00e1u hra v\u00e2y h\u00e3m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c, Ph\u00e1p m\u1ea5t 11.500 qu\u00e2n (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \\\"vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0ong\\\" c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia. Gi\u00e1p lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 trong \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9\\\", Gi\u00e1p l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 trang b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo. v \u1ec1 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, Gi\u00e1p t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbch ngay l\u00fac ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u hi v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ecbch.\\\" B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng theo ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, giao chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ngay khi \u0111\u1ecbch \u00edt ng\u1edd t\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m cho l\u00ednh M\u1ef9, xa nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn dai d\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m cho ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhu\u1ec7 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, trong khi phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t.","5 6 6 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I Khi \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u. N\u0103m 1968, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u00f3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cao tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn: \\\"Chiing t\u00f4i s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, 10, 15, 20, 50 n\u0103m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n... Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3.\\\" Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc ch\u00fa b\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft s\u00e2u v\u00e0 n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb, ng\u01b0\u00f2i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p trong bu\u1ed5i sinh nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00e2y quanh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1eedi\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u00f2i c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. H\u00f4m nay, ng\u01b0\u00f2d \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 nh\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0103n b\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadu xanh v\u00f3i t\u00f4i, t\u1eadp trung n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c - \u00f4ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. \\\"Anh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y,\\\" t\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p v\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u1eeba v\u1ed7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i t\u00f4i, \\\"T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn \u1eefar\u1eedi, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.\\\" Kennedy: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nl\u00ec\u00e0 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9huy qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, \\\"Gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh.\\\" V\u00ec th\u1ebf khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, \\\"Ai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t?\\\" t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, \\\"Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\\\" Kennedy: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M \u1ef9\u1ec9\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb\u1ee9i h\u1eeb\u1ee9i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cai \u1eef\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u1eef\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng. Nhimg ch\u00fa\u1ee9i l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1i\u1ee9i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p t\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 - nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng t\u1edbi. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. R\u1ed3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. [C\u01b0\u1eddi] Kennedy: Ngu\u1eddi M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ebd ra r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u1eeb\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nhau. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Mir\u1ee9\u00ec t\u00e0ng d\u1eabn Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9) \u1eebong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a","567 m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0ng\u01b0\u1eddi M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 \u1eeb\u1ee3k\u1ef9 t\u00ediu\u1eadt \u1eebong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u1ec9\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt \u1eebong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ea5i n. \u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao gi\u1eddngh\u0129n\u1eednh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Jefferson, khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Paris, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh, con vua Gia Long - ND). \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n mang theo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9. Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, do vi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1 o s s Allison Thomas, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn khu v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp t\u00e1c v\u00f3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh Nh\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1963, khi t\u01b0\u1edbng De Gaulle \u0111\u1ebfn Phnom Penh c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, \\\"Chi\u00edng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thua tr\u1eadn, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o l\u00e0m g\u00ec.\\\" Nhimg ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \\\"Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n. M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c mai\u1ee9i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1eafng.\\\" V\u00e0 khi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, khi h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i thua qu\u00e1 \u0111au. Khi cha anh l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i hn r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh Vi\u1ec7t Nam frong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng may \u0111\u00f3 - c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha anli - kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f2i Johnson v\u00e0 Nbcon. Kennedy: \u00f4ng n\u00f3i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i M \u1ef9 l\u1ea7 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u00dd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ec9\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: Nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed M\u0169ih t\u1eebng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 - c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, k\u00fa\u1ee9i t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ecfi ri\u00eang l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa\u1ee9i tr\u1ecb gia M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u.","5 6 8 KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I Keimedy: X\u1eebi \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 M \u1ef9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00fac h\u1ecd \u1eebang b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 manh nh\u1ea5t? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay M\u1ef9, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. D\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nhimg trong m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Trimg Hoa n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ecfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom B-52 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111ang oanh t\u1ea1c kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p \u1edf Matxcova, B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ee9ih tr\u1ecb X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch X\u00f4vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1i cao Br\u00ea-gi\u01a1-nh\u00e9p [Leonid Brezhnov] v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng K\u00f4-x\u01b0-ghin [Alexey Kosygin]. K\u00f4-x\u01b0-ghin h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i, \\\"\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed n\u00f3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. V\u1eady t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 bmh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9? V\u00e0 xe t\u0103ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u - ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau?\\\" T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, \\\"T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 X\u00f4vi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i h\u01a1n hai gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.\\\" Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Matxc\u01a1va, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i K\u00f4-x\u01b0-ghm. \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1eaft tay t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. \\\"Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi!\\\" \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \\\"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi.\\\" Keimedy: \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0129\u1ee9ii\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M \u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1eebang b\u1ecb c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1eebanh tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c binh l\u00ednh GI M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t trrmg \u00fay c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft, \\\"Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba [\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam], ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy b\u00ean tr\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ecdi noi v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbch, th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn. Nhm th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb em, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e1 rung r\u1eebih l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i lo s\u1ee3.\\\"","569 Kennedy: Trong th\u1eddi gian th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2\u1ef5, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M \u1ef9 th\u1eadt \u00edt. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn b\u00fa\u1eedi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n anh ta r\u1ea5t n\u1ed3ng nl\u00fa\u1ec7t. Anh ta n\u00f3i, \\\"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.\\\" V\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, \\\"Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00ednh GI \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y mang theo Thompson*^\u2019, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecd v\u00f3i t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i mang s\u00fang \u1ed1ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp anh v\u00f3i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch.\\\" V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3c. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Zumwalt, vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh r\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c da cam. \u00f4ng ta b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111rmg h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \\\"T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\\\" vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c n\u00f3i. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, \\\"T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u.\\\" B\u1ecfi v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau h\u00f2a bmh, l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n? Kennedy: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1eb3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t? V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p: M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nhau h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c da cam. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u00f2i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, chi\u00edng ta ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb h\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n l\u1eedi\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam vir\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0ong Qu\u00fd d\u1ecbch 1. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.","M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c I L\u00f2i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 5 II L\u1eddi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 7 III IV M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ch\u00e2n dung 9 Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean 18 y C\u00fa \u0111i r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111u\u00f2ng 27 \u201cTr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u201d 39 VI H u \u1ea5 n l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 39 VII Qu\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong 89 VIII B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t 107 IX \u0110 \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n 129 X H ai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn 146 XI Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng 161 X II B\u00e1o ti\u1ec7p 177 X III M \u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 186 H \u01b0\u1edbng chinh l\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc 197 xrv B \u00e0n c\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c 209 Navarre 227 XV Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t 243 XVI K\u00e9o ph\u00e1o v\u00e0o, k\u00e9o ph\u00e1o ra 236 XVII Marathon m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 284 XVIII Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh 300 XIX","XX Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o 314 X X I Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y n. 334 X X II Ph\u00e9p th\u1eed Him Lam 351 X X III Ph\u00e2n khu B\u1eafc 375 392 xxrv Chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o \u0111i 406 445 X X V Ph\u00e9p th\u1eed th\u1ee9 hai 456 X X V I Navarre v\u00e0 Cogny 469 XXVII Nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i A I 501 X X V III Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u00e2n bay 514 X X IX T\u1eeb Vautour \u0111\u1ebfn Condor 536 X X X \u0110\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng X X X I \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, 50 n\u0103m sau 545 560 \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac 562 T u li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o 564 B \u00e1 n g \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed theo ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y","Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i . huy\u00ean thoai H \u1eef u MAI Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c - T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp NGUY\u1ec4N m in h NH\u1ef0T Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: NGUY\u1ec4N TRUNG QU\u00dd B\u00eca: TR\u01af\u01a0NG QU\u00dd - B\u00d9I NAM S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: VI\u1ebeT TRUNG K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi tinh: NGUY\u00caN V\u00c2N NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u00c8 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng - Qu\u1eadn 3 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0110T; 39316289 - 39316211 - 38465595 - 38465596 - 39350973 Fax; 84.8.38437450 - E-mail: hopthubandoc@nxb\u1eefe.com.vn Website: http:\/\/www.nxbtre.com.vn CHI NH\u00c1NH NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba T\u1ea0I H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I S\u1ed1 21, d\u00e3y AI 1, khu \u0110\u1ea7m Tr\u1ea5u, p. B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, q. Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0110T: (04)37734544 - Fax: (04)35123395 E-mail: [email protected] C\u00d4NG TY TNHH S\u00c1CH \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec TR\u1eba (YBOOK) 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, P.7, Q.3, Tp. HCM \u0110T: 08 35261001 - Fax: 08 38437450 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ybook.vn Kh\u1ed5: 16 cm X 24 cm, s\u1ed1: 464-2015\/C X B IPH \/488-40\/Tre Q uy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 662A \/Q \u0110 -Tre, ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2015 In I .(XX) cu\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1i X \u00ed nghi\u1ec7p In N guy\u1ec5n M inh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: 510 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh, ph\u01b0\u1eddng 13, qu\u1eadn T \u00e2n B\u00ecnh In xong v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u qu\u00fd III n\u0103m 2015",",\u00ed \u25a0rm\u1ec9 \u00cd^\u00c1\u00edV^Of>SHiH .-.'3 \u25a0- I <\u1ec9 i. 't\u00edDRO.v \u201cT\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: chi\u1ebfn tr chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, nhung v v\u00e2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eef s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u1ed1p H\u1eeeU MAI (1926-2007) l\u0129^ot \u201cCh\u00e1c ch\u00e1n, h\u01a1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u00e1t hay v\u00e8 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edb T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebbu thuy\u00e9t n\u1ed5i ti\u00e9ng: I -. vi\u1ebft.\u201d- b\u00e1o Tu\u1ed3i T - Cao \u0111i\u1ec1m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (1961) \u201cCu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9 - V\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi (3 t\u1eadp, 1975 - 1980) - \u1ed2ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e1n -h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p vi\u00ean (3 t\u1eadp, \u2022i , 1985- 1990) thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch b\u00e1m s\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Qu\u00e2n s\u1ee5 M - Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i (2007) \u201cNh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u00e9n v Th\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1t h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n n \u0111i\u00e9m y\u00e9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3i ph Gi\u1ea5p {T\u0169 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ra, Nh\u0169ng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng kh\u00f5ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e3o qu\u00ean, Chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1u trong v\u1ed3ng v\u00e1y, \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u00fa -\u0111i\u1ec3m hen l\u1ecbch s\u1ee9). K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n phim Nguy\u1ec1n\u1ea2i Qu\u00f4c \u1edfHongkong, Hoa ban \u0111\u1ed1. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c t\u00e9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ti\u00e9u thuy\u00e9t tinh b\u00e1o (AIEP). Gi\u1ea7i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e8 V\u00e2n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in nhi\u00e8u nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m {\u1ed3ng c\u1ed7 v\u00e1n, 400.000 b\u00e0n, n\u00e2m 1989). K\u01b0\u00bb*, ' \/ Vtv ^ \/ \/ \u25a0 3 -:., N \u2022 I ot \u25a0 V \u2014\u1ef9 \u00ed' HU. - y - * M> ton","i\u00c0 M N O \u1ec8 \u25a0 s?. \u2022 I * r ' Vog0\u00ab ' '\u25a0 ; t 'tt \u25a0 \u0129 ranh qua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 phu\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00e9t c\u00e0 n\u00fai s\u00e1ch v\u00e8 cu\u1ed9c v\u00ec sao m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng phu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e8 n\u00f3, \u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1edbi chi\u00e9n th\u00e1ng? T\u00f4i mong cu\u1ed1n p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5, c\u1ee5 th\u1ebb h\u00f3a th\u00eam th\u1ef1c t\u00e9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u00e9n.\u201d - H\u0169u Mai \u00e1t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, H\u1eefu Mai c\u00f3 th\u1ebb vi\u00e9t r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u UNGi I \u1edbng huy\u00e8n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Ong \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u00ea hi\u00e9u nh\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebb Tr\u00e8 iruNt\u1ee1\u1ea1 \u0129\u25a0h\u00e3t \u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn.\u201d- b\u00e1o Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n fh \u0129ft\u00ecji T T -f t ' \u201c...\u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng Vo Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea7n.\u201d- CNN \u201cV\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e8 chi\u00e9n tranh du k\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 t\u1ed3ng l\u1ef1c.\u201d- Encydopxd\u1eebt Britannica \u201cK\u00e9t c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u00e9n tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn >\u0169KIO\u0128, cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng... ch\u00f9 y\u00e9u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p. Ong th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn \u00c9 \u00e1t theo quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.\u201d- T\u01b0\u1edfng Westmore\u1ec9and, t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh B\u1ed9 chi huy M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eab ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh ^9\/'. n\u0169a, t\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p l\u1ea1i th\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d- John Kennedy, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u00ec \u00ed\u00cc\u00cd\u1ee2\u00d2\u2019 'jio\u1ecb Ti^\u2019^hao ,Hut \u01281\/C\u1ecb\u0111' V- ' \/ , o J cc\u00f5, m o u UUNn mnia* . \u00bb 0 \\\".S\u00bbW^ G<\u00bb\u00aeI0\u00ab0\u1ecas ; - O\u00ec\u00bbfi li*n Phu Aon Po Khocmg iaoiniHH\u00cd\u1eca\u1ee7iOooMMH\u1eeb\u00cc-\\\". T- r\u00ed'-, \u201c \u00bb \u00e2 t H t o o H \u00ab ^ ; .t \u00ab n \u00ec o Phu\u1eca .-S'\\\" tonti.in. \u201c ^liN ou ni\u00c0M t\u1ea1( 1\u00bb \u2022' \\\\ \u2022X \\\\ IUSBNI, 978-604-1 -00765-9 , '*\u00bbW\u1eca t lom\u0129ch \u25a0 0 ^- 0 Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i huy\u1ec3\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ^ \u1ecab \u1eca lO o l& .H C H ,Hut. __ >m ^ m . \u0129 i \u1eef \u1ec8 L M IIIII IIlill III llli II III II I ov I i i i l i\\\" 9 3 4 9 7 4 086833 .tort hxbti_ G i\u00e1: 120.000 \u0111 www.ybook.vn\/ebook n x b t r e . c o m . v n 0 ^"]