Thomas Edison- Người thắp sáng địa cầu

["- Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra acid carbonic r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Edison kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00f3 6 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid carbonic. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ngay, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng acid m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. Sau khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean 40 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u00d4ng chia h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y 24 ti\u1ebfng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n 17 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 18, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 320 kg acid carbonic. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1915 acid carbonic kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00fac, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 benzen (C6H6), naphtaline (C10H8) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Edison c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anilin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0nh gi\u1ea7y da c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 cao su c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1n. 149","PH\u1ee4C V\u1ee4 \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1915, Edison nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t minh, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y m\u1eddi Edison h\u00f4 tr\u1ee3. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng Edison trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1915 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cC\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n\u201d, Edison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0ng do Edison kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Edison l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n nhu. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong 5 th\u00e1ng. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1915, Edison b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ed9 l\u00fd cho xem b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. B\u00e1c s\u0129 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng, khi b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Florida t\u0129nh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nghe, v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ecf \u1edf West Orange, l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u say s\u01b0a. 150","Sau khi M\u1ef9 tham chi\u1ebfn, Edison giao to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t minh cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd l\u00e0m. Trong th\u1eddi gian hai n\u0103m, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tinh l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Edison, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty doanh nghi\u1ec7p v.v.. t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 huy s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n t\u1eebng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: - Ng\u00e0i Edison nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. L\u1ea0C \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG C\u1ee6A GI\u1edaI PH\u00c1T MINH Sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, quay v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, Edison \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ean 70 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n: - Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 151","152","nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Edison l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh. Khi \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t minh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1eafp ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng d\u1ed3n to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng. Edison \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 1923, Edison \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: - Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi anh em Wright ch\u01b0a bay th\u1eed, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 \u0111\u00f4 la, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1y bay. T\u00f4i li\u1ec1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e1y bay tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1t trong n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nitr\u00e1t h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, nh\u1ed3i v\u00e0o trong xy lanh, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch n\u1ed5. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng do b\u1ecfng, t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t. Sau n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y thu \u00e2m v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n. Edison t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n cho xe l\u1eeda trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 sau c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean c\u1ef1 ly t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ng\u1eabu 153","nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho m\u00e1y thu \u00e2m v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1884 khi Edison \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Edison\u201d. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 thu ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1895 sau khi Rontgen ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tia X quang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, Edison c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd l\u00e0m th\u00eam th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tia n\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a tia n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Rontgen \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u201d. \u00d4ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Vonfram(1) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra hu\u1ef3nh quang khi c\u00f3 tia X quang, b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5m hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang. Edison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cvua ph\u00e1t minh\u201d. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1910, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 1328 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 th\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. (1) Kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i (34100C) 154","NH\u1eeeNG N\u0102M CU\u1ed0I \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A NH\u00c0 PH\u00c1T MINH \u1ede l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao. D\u00f9 sao t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi.","EDISON L\u1ea0C QUAN Sau khi qua tu\u1ed5i 70, Edison \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c ph\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng long lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00f3m h\u1ec9nh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f3i quen c\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch ng\u1ee3m; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ecf ra l\u1ea1c quan. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u00f2 m\u00f2 h\u1ecfi Edison, n\u00f3i: - Th\u01b0a vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i \u1ea1? - Cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft. - \u00d4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd \u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean 16 ti\u1ebfng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec1n 3, 4 ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i xong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111i ng\u1ee7, h\u00f4m sau l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Edison th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt 1\/3 ho\u1eb7c 1\/4, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb l\u00e2u. S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t khi\u1ebfn Edison l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ed9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi l\u00eau l\u1ed5ng. 156","V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u0169 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng: - Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, hai tay l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng gh\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd. Edison l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c quan, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Nh\u01b0ng Edison kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i l\u00e0 10% c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 90% to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i tr\u1eddi cho c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Edison lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7y vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1eadt may, Edison gi\u00fap anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi \u1ee7y vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111i r\u1ed3i, Edison gi\u00fap anh ta s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m. Sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tai t\u1eeb l\u00fac thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, tai ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Edison t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1edbi, n\u00f3i: - Tai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nghe. Sau khi qua tu\u1ed5i 70, tai \u0111i\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a Edison c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9 s\u00e1t b\u00ean tai \u00f4ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Sau khi nghe xong, \u00f4ng h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 cao, ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Edison v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tranh c\u00e3i. 157","\u0110\u00f4i b\u00ean tuy th\u01b0\u1eddng tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng Edison trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadn trung k\u00ednh y\u00eau nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh. CU\u1ed8C S\u1ed0NG \u1ede NH\u00c0 Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Glemont trang ho\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n h\u00f2a chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. Gian \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Edison \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n Piano. Edison th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0 ch\u01a1i b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c Bethoven. Ph\u00f2ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a gian ch\u00ednh, t\u1eeb c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a New Jersey. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp sau b\u1eefa \u0103n t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. T\u1ea7ng 2 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gian l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. - V\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u00f4ng th\u00edch xem lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? - C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi. Edison tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: - L\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, t\u00f4i th\u00edch xem nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Victor Hugo, n\u00ean l\u00fac t\u00f4i l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Victor Hugo Edison. Edison cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi th\u00edch ng\u1ed3i gh\u1ebf x\u00edch \u0111u \u1edf ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn 1, 2 gi\u1edd khuya. 158","159","TR\u1ede L\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG V\u1eca N\u0103m 1929 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlantic c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n 50 n\u0103m. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng danh nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Phu nh\u00e2n Mina Edison nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Edison kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, trong l\u00f2ng lo l\u1eafng. Sau khi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoover di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft xong, ti\u1ebfp theo Edison \u0111\u00e1p t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p t\u1eeb xong, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea. B\u00e0 Mina b\u00e8n d\u00ecu \u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng ngh\u1ec9, m\u1eddi b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m. Sau khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt adr\u00e9naline, Edison m\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edf m\u1eaft ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady. L\u1ec5 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoover c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129. - Th\u01b0a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, xin h\u00e3y y\u00ean t\u00e2m, nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i. Hoover y\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1p chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ngay t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 tr\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m sau, khi \u0111\u1ebfn Florida tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1nh, Edison l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. - Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y \u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 quanh \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. - B\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00f3i. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u00f4ng b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi, Edison c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Glemont, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n. 160","Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau Edison l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. S\u1eafc m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng xanh xao, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu, l\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi b\u1ec7 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebb m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng l\u1ecd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 g\u1ed7, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf Newark, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Edison l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u1ea5y. \u00c1NH HO\u00c0NG H\u00d4N Khi Edison t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 Florida tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: - T\u00f4i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac 100 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00edch Nit\u01a1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m luy\u1ec7n cao su t\u1eeb t\u1ea1p th\u1ea3o. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao su \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. - Trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa c\u1ee7a Edison \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cao su. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cao su. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 cao su, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cao su, m\u01a1 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 cao su. Edison kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Tr\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ra, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nghe ng\u00f3ng, 161","kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh cao nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Edison. - B\u00e0 Edison n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1931, tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng gh\u1ebf c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlantic, Edison n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: - T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed3n vinh. Mong r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i. T\u1ef1 tin - ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn d\u00e0nh cho thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Edison c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ed5 ghi l\u00e0 l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c hay xi\u00ean x\u1eb9o, c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5c b\u00fat l\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ghi. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng run kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n trong \u00f3c. Sau khi run r\u1ea9y ghi v\u00e0i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ed5 tay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ngay. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf b\u00e0nh qua ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: 162","163","- N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac, t\u00f4i vui v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n c\u1ee9 k\u00e9o c\u00e1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u00e2n y\u00eau th\u00ec chi b\u1eb1ng s\u1edbm xa r\u1eddi nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ra \u0111i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 d\u00ecu \u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng nho\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ng\u1ee7 thi\u1ebfp \u0111i. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eaft. - \u00d4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u01b0a? - M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng. - T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. - \u00d4ng v\u1ebb h\u1edd h\u1eefng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Edison ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu \u0111i, m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, tr\u1eeb phi b\u00e0 Edison t\u1ef1 tay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m hai \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3i: - Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00edch cao su t\u1eeb t\u1ea1p th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i! Nghe xong, Edison nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea man t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn n\u1eefa, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u00ecm trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng m\u1edf m\u1eaft n\u00f3i: - \u00d4i! Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1931, \u00f4ng ra \u0111i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. 164","DI S\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ed2 S\u1ed8 Thomas Alva Edison \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o l\u00fac 3 gi\u1edd 20 ph\u00fat s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1931. Tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, m\u00e1y thu \u00e2m do \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh truy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u201c\u00d4i! Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i!\u201d \u00c2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Edison kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Edison, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1edd thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Trong c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Edison, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 1099 b\u1eb1ng, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 1500 th\u1ee9; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh \u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf 24 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 3000 lo\u1ea1i. Khi Edison qua \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Edison l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 250 t\u1ef7 USD. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Edison \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoover trong l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \\\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ban t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Edison. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb b\u00e1n b\u00e1o, nh\u00e2n 165","vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Cho d\u00f9 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, h\u00f2a nh\u00e3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con em sau n\u00e0y h\u00e3y m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Edison \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u1ea5p \u1ee7 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o trong tr\u00e1i tim nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Edison, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Edison, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\\\". Edison v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh y\u00eau \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng v\u00e0o trong quan t\u00e0i. S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, linh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Leuanrin \u1edf khe n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u1eb1ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1eb7t, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ph\u00fang vi\u1ebfng. Trong hai ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nam n\u1eef gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea7u ngh\u00e8o x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng, b\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi chen l\u1ea5n nhau chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i ch\u00e2n dung nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0129nh bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng. 166","L\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u1edf Glemont v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch ph\u00fang vi\u1ebfng linh c\u1eedu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. V\u00ec h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng, C\u1ee5c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1eed c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 l\u00fd ch\u0103m nom t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoover, 10 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n 1 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1ecb v\u0129 nh\u00e2n. - \u1ede l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sao, d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1c h\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau c\u1ee7a Edison - nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. 167","T\u00d3M T\u1eaeT TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec EDISON N\u0103m Tu\u1ed5i S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p 1847 Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 11 sinh t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Milan bang Ohio, Hoa k\u1ef3. 1853 6 C\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Huron bang Michigan. 1855 8 B\u1ecb nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00f4i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. 1859 12 B\u00e1n b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh (c\u1ea3ng Huron - th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Detroit). 1862 15 Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u201ctu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o Grand Trunk\u201d tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean t\u00e0u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. 1863 16 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u1edf c\u1ea3ng Huron. 1864 17 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y. 1868 21 \u0110\u1ebfn Boston l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn. Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. 1869 22 \u0110\u1ebfn New York \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ghi nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 v\u00e0ng. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed. 1870 23 M\u1edf vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u1edf Newark bang New Jersey. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n. 1871 24 K\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Mary Stillwell. Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y ch\u1eef. 1874 27 Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn 4 c\u00f4ng. 1876 29 Chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn Menlo Park. V\u00ec ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y xung tho\u1ea1i Carbon ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. 168","1877 30 Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m. 1878 31 B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n. 1879 32 Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u 1880 ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. 1882 33 Ph\u00e1t minh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, trang b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng 1884 sau vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. 1886 1887 35 Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 9 t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 New York Peark, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n. 1891 37 B\u00e0 Mary Edison qua \u0111\u1eddi. 1900 39 K\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Mina Miller. 1909 1910 40 Chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn West Orange bang 1912 New Jersey. 1914 44 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m, ph\u00e1t minh \u0111i\u1ec7n 1915 \u1ea3nh. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec3n qu\u1eb7ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, kinh 1929 doanh q\t u\u1eb7ng kim lo\u1ea1i. 1931 53 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00fai qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi m\u0103ng. 62 Ph\u00e1t minh \u1eaec quy t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m. 63 Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u0129a tr\u00f2n. 65 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh. 67 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ghi \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid carbonic v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. 68 \u0110\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i C\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n li\u00ean bang. 82 Khi tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u00fac m\u1eebng 50 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh. 84 Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 10 v\u0129nh bi\u1ec7t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ecd 84 tu\u1ed5i. 169","M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u \t4 \u0110\u1ee8A TR\u1eba B\u00c1N B\u00c1O\t7 Mu\u1ed1n bay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi \t 8 Tr\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a Al \t 10 Th\u00e1p Babel \t 14 \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \t 16 Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \t 18 Ch\u00fa b\u00e9 b\u00e1n b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa \t 22 Ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa \t 25 \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tinh ngh\u1ecbch \t 27 S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa b\u00e9 b\u00e1n b\u00e1o \t 31 T\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m t\u00f2a b\u00e1o\t 33 Tai \u0111i\u1ebfc \t 36 NH\u00c2N VI\u00caN \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u00cdN L\u01afU L\u1ea0C \t 39 D\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \t 40 Di\u1ec7u k\u1ebf ng\u1ee7 tr\u1ed9m \t 41 K\u1ef5 s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \t 43 M\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \t 52 \u0110i l\u00e0m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \t 56 Ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \t 58 \t NH\u00c0 PH\u00c1T MINH THANH NI\u00caN\t 61 L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 \t 62 T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \t 65 Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \t 68 M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn b\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng \t 71 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 y\u00eau qu\u00fd qua \u0111\u1eddi \t 74 K\u1ebft h\u00f4n \t 76 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \t 78 C\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa Bell v\u00e0 Edison \t 80 170","Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Edison \t 82 Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i \t 85 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \t 93 Ph\u00e1t minh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \t 94 Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \t 98 L\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i \t 102 Ph\u00e1t minh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\t 104 C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 \t 107 M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201cJumbo\u201d \t 111 Chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi\t 114 CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG C\u1ee6A NH\u00c0 PH\u00c1T MINH \t 115 Edison v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \t 116 K\u1ebft h\u00f4n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai\t 120 Nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u1edf Glemont \t 122 Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u West Orange \t 125 \u0110\u0129a h\u00e1t tr\u00f2n \t 128 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Paris \t 131 Ph\u00e1t minh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh \t 132 \u0110\u00e0o m\u1ecf - qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft\t 134 \t PH\u1ee4C V\u1ee4 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \t 139 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi m\u0103ng\t 140 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \t 142 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1eafc quy \t 143 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p acid carbonic (H2CO3) \t 148 Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\t 150 L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh \t 151 NH\u1eeeNG N\u0102M CU\u1ed0I \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A NH\u00c0 PH\u00c1T MINH\t 155 Edison l\u1ea1c quan \t 156 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 \t 158 Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \t 160 \u00c1nh ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n \t 161 Di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \t 165 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Edison \t 168 171","THOMAS ALVA EDISON NGUY\u1ec4N M\u1ea0NH Y\u1ebeN (d\u1ecbch) _____________________ Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n: L\u00ca HO\u00c0NG Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: THANH LI\u00caM B\u00eca: VI\u1ec6T H\u1ea2I S\u1eeda b\u1ea3n in: NGUY\u1ec4N TRUNG ____________________ NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng 7, Qu\u1eadn 3, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (08) 39316289 - 39316211 - 39317849 - 38465596 Fax: (08) 38437450 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nxbtre.com.vn CHI NH\u00c1NH NH\u00c0 XU\u1ea4T B\u1ea2N TR\u1eba T\u1ea0I H\u00c0 N\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: S\u1ed1 21, d\u00e3y A11, khu \u0110\u1ea7m Tr\u1ea5u, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, Qu\u1eadn Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: (04) 37734544 Fax: (04) 35123395 E-mail: [email protected] C\u00d4NG TY TNHH S\u00c1CH \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec TR\u1eba (YBOOK) 161B L\u00fd Ch\u00ednh Th\u1eafng, P.7, Q.3, Tp. HCM \u0110T: 08 35261001 \u2013 Fax: 08 38437450 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ybook.vn","\u00c2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Edison kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Edison, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1edd thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng."]