LE M BAGA JURUTERA MALAYSIA KDN PP 11720/4/2013 (032270)THE INGENIEURVOL.58 BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIAAPRIL-JUNE 2014 M A G A Z I N E O F T H E B O A R D O F E N G I N E E R S, M A L A Y S I AC I C TNVERGENCE MITIGATING CYBER THREATS APPLICATION OF ICT IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT APPLICATION OF RFID AND IT IN MONITORING QUALITY OF CONCRETE INNOVATION IN ELECTRICITY SUPPLY VALUE CHAIN: SMART GRID
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INGENIEURCONTENTS 6 President’s Message 71Announcement Special Feature8 Publication Calendar 21 Application of ICT in Traffic The Ingenieur e-magazine Management on Smartphones & iPad 26 Application of RFID and IT in Monitoring Quality ofCover Feature Concrete10 Mitigating Cyber Threats 32 Application of ICT in Road16 ICT for Operational and Transportation Safety Excellence Project Report 38 Enhancing Green Card Through Rfid Application16 2126 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
47 Innovation In Electricity Supply Value 53 Chain: Smart Grid 47Spotlight53 Datuk Ir. Hamim Samuri: Technocrat cum PoliticianFeature57 Development Control Via One Stop Centre Online59 What the Gen Y Employees Really Want61 Job Opportunities & Qualified IT Employees66 MCMC: Shaping a Connected Future71 The Role of ICT In National DevelopmentLighter Moments80 Shaiky’s View – Convergence59 32 3
INGENIEUREDITORIAL BOARD LEMBAGA JURUTERA MALAYSIA BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA 2013-2014 PRESIDENT EDITORIAL BOARD YBhg Dato’ Seri Ir. Hj. Mohd Noor bin Yaacob ADVISOR BOARD MEMBERS YBhg Dato’ Seri Ir. Hj. Mohd Noor bin Yaacob YBhg. Dato’ Ir. Nordin bin Hamdan CHAIRMAN YBhg. Datuk Wira Ir. Md Sidek bin Ahmad YBhg. Datuk Ir. Hj Abdul Latif bin Mohd Som YBhg Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr Hassan bin Basri YBhg. Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr Hassan bin Basri Ir. Mohtar bin Musri EDITOR Ir. Yahiya bin Awang Kahar Ir. Zuraimi bin Haji Sabki YBhg Dato’ Ir. Fong Tian Yong Ir. Prem Kumar M Vasudevan Ir. Dr Abdul Majid bin Dato' Abu Kassim EDITORIAL MEMBERS Ir. Tan Yean Chin Ir. Gunasagaran Kristnan Prof. Ir. Dr K S Kannan Ir. Gopal Narian Kutty Ir. Prem Kumar Ir. Prof. Dr Lee Teang Shui Ir. Chan Boon Teik Ir. Choo Kok Beng Ar. Dr Tan Loke Mun PUBLICATION OFFICER Sr. Nik Zainal Alam bin Hassan Pn Nik Kamaliah Nik Abdul Rahman SECRETARY Ir. Ruslan bin Abdul Aziz REGISTRAR Ir. Hizamul-din bin Ab. Rahman EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Ir. Ashari bin Mohd Yakub The Ingenieur is published quarterly by the Board of Engineers Malaysia (Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia) and is distributed free to registered Professional Engineers. The statements and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers. BEM invites all engineers and readers to contribute relevant articles and views to the Publisher. PUBLISHER Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia Tingkat 17, Ibu Pejabat JKR, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50580 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 03-2698 0590 Fax 03-2692 5017 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.bem.org.my DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: Inforeach Communications Sdn Bhd PRINTER: Art Printing Works Sdn Bhd 46 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
REHAU HYBRID RAUTITAN RAUFUSION
INGENIEURPRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ICT Convergence The emergence of new information and The Malaysian Government has the communication technologies (ICTs) has foresight to engage ICT, notably in the setting up not only changed the lifestyle of all walks of the National Information Technology Council of life; it has transformed the work culture and (NITC) whose vision is to transform Malaysia the way business is conducted. A packet of beef into an information society, then to a knowledge at the supermarket will have a QR code indicating society and finally to a value-based society. the farm source and processing plant. A scan The NITC Strategic Agenda highlights the five of the QR code at a tourist spot will provide all areas critical to our migration to E-World namely information related to it without the need of E-Community, E-Public Services, E-Learning, explanation of local guide. Consulting engineers E-Economy and E-Sovereignty. The National without computing software can no longer Strategic ICT Roadmap sets the direction of the survive in the present competitive environment. ICT industry to capitalize on the opportunities in the new technology focus. ICT convergence will raise integration between smart devices, peripheral devices, As I will be retiring, this is my parting ubiquitous networks and robust cloud data message to all readers. I would like to thank centers that allow consumers to perform multiple all Board members, Publication Committee applications such as uploading documents, and Editorial Board members for their past downloading data and a variety of functions. contribution and support given to me during my ICT convergence will prompt more mobile device two-year tenure as President of BEM. I am happy transactions as network coverage extends to all to note the few milestones achieved such as corners of the region. the proposed amendment to the Registration of Engineers Act. I hope you will give similar co- With this, we expect to see a new operation to my successor. ecosystem of opportunity, a communications and information infrastructure that has the Dato’ Seri Ir Hj Mohd Noor bin Yaacob potential to advance the economic and social President, BEM well-being of the nation and its people. 66 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
INGENIEUR PUBLICATION CALENDAR LE M BAGA JURUTERA MALAYSIA The Ingenieur is published quarterly by the Board of Engineers Malaysia. The following KDN PP 11720/4/2013 (032270) are the themes for the coming issues. THE INGENIEURVOL.57 BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA • VOL 59 July-Sept 2014 – SAFEANNOUNCEMENT JANUARY-MARCH 2014 ENGINEERING M A G A Z I N E O F T H E B O A R D O F E N G I N E E R S, M A L A Y S I A • VOL 60 Oct-Dec 2014 – ENERGY RESOURCES MANAGING WATER Articles and editorial contributions relevant to the themes are welcomed, but the decision to publish rests with the Editorial Board. Challenges in the Construction Advertising inquiries are also welcomed. of the Pahang-Selangor Raw Please refer to the BEM advertisement Water Transfer Tunnel in this issue for the latest rate card and Rainwater Utilisation Systems booking form. in Malaysia Water Security in Malaysia ai Global Directions towards creating Water Footprints PHOTO COURTESY OF Ir. FONG CHEW CHUNG THE INGENIEUR E-MAGAZINE ON SMARTPHONES & iPad THE INGENIEUR can now be read on smartphone as well as iPad. Read anywhere, anytime and share with your colleagues and friends. How to get the e-magazine? Native iPad/iPhone Version Mobile Version - Scan the QR Code – Get the free Apps The Ingenieur Vol 57 The Ingenieur Vol 58 The e-magazine may be viewed natively on iPads and iPhones using the Joomag Apps. Download for free. Jan-March 2014 Apr-June 2014 86 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
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INGENIEUR Mitigating Cyber ThreatsCOVER FEATURE HACKERS With the growing trend in ICT convergence, VIRUSES many aspects of life are now played out in cyberspace. A multitude of photos and CYBERATTACKS messages are exchanged on the mobile phone every day. More and more money is transmitted IDENTITY THEFT with a few computer clicks. It is thus not surprising that unsavoury real world activity like crime is ESPIONAGE also happening in the virtual world. According to the Commercial Crime Division of Royal Malaysian Online fraud, system Police, RM1.8billion losses were recorded from intrusion, cyber espionage cybercrime or online cases in 2013. and malware attacks are amongst cyber threats For every investigation of cyber crime in that are on the rise in the news, there are hundreds that will never Malaysia. CyberSecurity make the headline. The exploitation of ICT has Malaysia, a national cyber also introduced new terms of crimes such as security specialist is the hacking, phishing, spamming, web defacement, Government agency that cyber stalking, cyber harassment, botnet, malware provides expertise and infection and others. In all cases, the criminal is a technical services for the subject to the full force of law. Taking cognisance of public and private sectors this trend, Malaysia has taken steps to safeguard as well as the community to the Government and the public against various mitigate such threats to the types of cyber threats. country’s vital infrastructure and economic growth. In place are legislation related to cyber crime, the National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP), and CyberSecurity Malaysia, a specialist agency, under the purview of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), which has technical expertise in the defence of and security against cyber threats. Amongst cyber specific laws that address specific issues relating to cyber matters, include: ●● Computer Crimes Act (CCA) 1997 ●● Digital Signature Act 1997 ●● Telemedicine Act 1997 ●● Communications and Multimedia Act (CMA) 1998 ●● Optical Disk Act 2000 ●● Electronic Commerce Act 2006 ●● Electronic Government’s Activities Act 2007 ●● Personal Data Protection Act 2010 For example, the CCA relates to misuse of computers and offences are unauthorised access to computer materials and unauthorised modifications of content of any computer. 160 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Dr Amirudin Abdul Wahab, Abdul Wahab on the role of the agency and variousCyberSecurity Malaysia’s CEO issues in cyber security.Whereas, the CMA deals with regulation of the Dr Amirudin explains that CyberSecuritycommunications and multimedia industry, namely Malaysia is structured to mitigate cyber threats butfraudulent use of network facilities plus offensive it is not a law enforcement agency. He describes itcontent on the Internet. However, there are also non as the “IT Security Department for the country” thatcyber specific laws that may be used to address provides technical assistance to law enforcementonline activities whenever applicable namely: agencies to analyse and investigate cyber incidents. Such incidents include cyber harassment, denial of ●● Sedition Act 1948 service, fraud, intrusion, malicious computer codes ●● Penal Code and spam that are reported to Cyber999 centre ●● Defamation Act 1957 (via web, email, sms, phone, fax) manned by the ●● Copyright Act 1987 Malaysia Computer Emergency Response Team ●● Evidence Act 114A (MyCERT), a department within CyberSecurity In terms of policy, the Government has Malaysia. In 2013, 10,636 cases were reportedcrafted the NCSP to ensure that the country’s ten (see table), an increase of 6.51% over 2012.Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII)– health, water, banking and finance, information Dr Amirudin acknowledges that the riseand communications, energy, transport, defence in cyber crimes is a worldwide trend. He quotesand security, Government, food and agriculture and McAfee Labs which predicts 2014 to be aemergency services – is secure, resilient and self vulnerable year as more businesses move theirreliant in mitigating cyber threats and attacks. operations into the ‘cloud’ and adopt the trend of Playing a technical support role is Government Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). Cyber crimes areagency, CyberSecurity Malaysia. The Board of expected to intensify in the mobile channel throughEngineers Malaysia spoke to CyberSecurity socially engineered attacks and mobile apps.Malaysia’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr Amirudin Dr Amirudin adds that cyber attacks can easily spread across borders. A case in point was the three-day cyber war between Malaysian and Filipino hackers, triggered by the Lahad Datu incident last year. Malaysian hackers allegedly attacked Filipino Government and private websites. Filipino hackers responded in kind, and up to 44 websites belonging to both countries were defaced before a “ceasefire” was called. Although “behind the scenes”, support services provided by CyberSecurity Malaysia to the Law Enforcement Agencies has helped the law enforcement agencies in their investigation and solved many cases of cyber crime and curtailed financial damage. Just like crime scene investigation (CSI) in the real world of crime, there is CyberCSI in the cyber world. CyberSecurity Malaysia utilises its Digital Forensic Lab, manned by technical experts, to investigate crime in the virtual world. Digital forensics involves detection, containment, analysis, eradication and recovery. High standards are followed in this process. Dr Amirudin notes that CyberSecurity Malaysia’s digital forensic laboratory is the first forensic laboratory in Malaysia and the 11
INGENIEUR Incidents reported to Cyber999Asia Pacific Region that is accredited by the products complies with ISO/IEC 15408 (CommonAmerican Society of Crime Laboratory Directors Criteria) and ISO/IEC 18045 (Common EvaluationLaboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB) Methodology).for ‘digital and multimedia evidence’ disciplinebased on ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Analysis by this To promote trustworthy e-business, theLab is recognised as ‘expert witness’ in digital Government appointed CyberSecurity Malaysiaforensics under the Criminal Procedure Code. to be the certifier of the Malaysia Trustmark for the private sector in 2012. Organisations that CyberSecurity Malaysia also provides satisfy the assessment criteria will be awarded thetechnical services in evaluating ICT products and Malaysia Trustmark certificate or seal, which willsystems at its test lab. This is under the Malaysian enhance the company’s reputation in e-business.Common Criteria Evaluation & Certification Scheme Dr Amirudin reveals that so far 10 companies have(MyCC) which evaluates and certifies the security obtained the Malaysia Trustmark for Private Sectorfunctions of ICT products. Dr Amirudin says this Certification which was launched in July 2013.testing is ideal for ICT devices purchased or Malaysia Trustmark has been a member of theimported from abroad. The process for evaluating World Trustmark Alliance (WTA) since 2011 and162 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Solving Cyber Crimes (media reports)Cyber CSI in progress in the Digital Forensic LabCyber999 service centre receives calls on cyber http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2012/05/03/Nayati-‐found-‐safe-‐threats back-‐with-‐family.aspx#.T6HmWpSANAo.facebook Nayati found safe, back with family Dr Amirudin was appointed as Chairman of WTA in 3 May 2012 February, 2014. T he Star Just as cyber security technologies advance with time, cyber crime innovation and techniques have also become more sophisticated. Dr Amirudin emphasizes that one cannot rely totally on technology and tools. “We need a holistic approach. We need to look at the processes and also the people. As you know, the weakest link is actually human…..greed,” he explains. To illustrate, he notes that a recent case early this year found that a victim befriended a syndicate member through Facebook and was duped of more than a million ringgit for a parcel worth RM4 million which had purportedly arrived at the Customs. Internet users must always be on alert for such scams. It is reassuring to know there is an agency like CyberSecurity Malaysia which anyone can contact when in need of clarification and solutions when faced with cyber threats. – Inforeach 3. Sofea Hana Godam Laman Web Kerajaan Analisis terhadap laman web yang telah digodam dan profile terhadap suspek. Ulasan: Menjejak suspek yang menggodam laman web penting kerajaan secara analisis teknikal dan mengesan melalui kaedah social engineering. Suspek atau kenalan kepada 'Sofea Hana' telah dikenalpasti dan informasi telah diserahkan kepada PDRM. PDRM sahkan bahawa pihak mereka telah jalankan siasatan fizikal dan kemudian telah menahan beberapa individu di sebuah hotel untuk membantu siasatan kes ini dimana dipercayai mereka sedang berbincang untuk tindakan penggodaman seterusnya. http://www.hmetro.com.my/articles/PenggodamJabatanPenerangandidedah/Artic le 20 Feb 2013 Harian Metro 13
INGENIEURNational Cyber Security PolicySource: www. nitc.mosti.gov.my, www.cybersecurity.myThis National Cyber Security Policy (NSCP) ●● Promote effective co-operation betweenhas been designed to facilitate Malaysia’s public and private sectorsmove towards a knowledge-based economy(K-economy). The Policy was formulated based ●● Establish formal and encourage informalon a National Cyber Security Framework that information sharing exchanges.comprises legislation and regulatory, technology,public-private co-operation, institutional, and Thrust Driver: National Security Councilinternational aspects. The National Cyber Security Policy was THRUST 2: Legislative & Regulatory Frameworkapproved by the Government of Malaysia for ●● Review and enhance Malaysia’s cyber lawsimplementation in 2006. The objective of NCSPis to accumulate national effort in securing the to address the dynamic nature of cyberCritical National Information Infrastructure (CNII) security threatsof the country. ●● Establish progressive capacity building programmes for national law enforcement The Critical National Information agenciesInfrastructure comprises the networked ●● Ensure that all applicable local legislationinformation systems of ten critical sectors, is complementary to and in harmony withnamely: international laws, treaties and conventions. Thrust Driver: Attorney General’s Chambers 1. National Defence and Security 2. Banking and Finance 3. Information and Communications THRUST 3: Cyber Security Technology 4. Energy Framework 5. Transportation ●● Develop a national cyber security technology 6. Water 7. Health Services framework that specifies cyber security 8. Government requirement controls and baselines for CNII 9. Emergency services elements 10. Food and Agriculture ●● Implement an evaluation/certification The Policy recognizes the critical and programme for cyber security product andhighly interdependent nature of the CNII and systemsaims to develop and establish a comprehensive Thrust Driver: CyberSecurity Malaysiaprogramme and a series of frameworks thatwill ensure the effectiveness of cyber security controls over vital assets. It has been developed THRUST 4: Culture of security and Capacityto ensure that the CNII are protected to a level Buildingthat commensurate the risks faced. ●● Develop, foster and maintain a national The Eight Policy Thrusts culture of security ●● Standardise and co-ordinate cyber securityTHRUST 1: Effective Governance●● Centralise co-ordination of national cyber awareness and education programmes across all elements of the CNII security initiatives ●● Establish an effective mechanism for cyber security knowledge dissemination at the national level ●● Identify minimum requirements and qualifications for information security professionals164 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Thrust Driver: Ministry of Science, Technology & ●● Encourage all elements of the CNII toInnovation monitor cyber security events ●● Develop a standard business continuityTHRUST 5: Research & Development towards management frameworkSelf-Reliance●● Formalise the co-ordination and ●● Disseminate vulnerability advisories and threat warnings in a timely manner prioritization of cyber security research and development activities. ●● Encourage all elements of the CNII to●● Enlarge and strengthen the cyber security perform periodic vulnerability assessment research community programmes●● Promote the development and commercialization of intellectual Thrust Driver: National Security Council properties, technologies and innovations through focused research and development●● Nurture the growth of cyber security THRUST 8: International Co-operation industry ●● Encourage active participation in allThrust Driver: MIMOS Berhad relevant international cyber security bodies, panels and multinational agenciesTHRUST 6: Compliance and Enforcement ●● Promote active participation in all relevant●● Standardise cyber security systems across international cyber security by hosting an annual international cyber security all elements of the CNII conference●● Strengthen the monitoring and enforcement Thrust Driver: Ministry of Information Communications and Culture of standards●● Develop a standard cyber security risk assessment framework Thrust Driver: Ministry of InformationCommunications and Culture THRUST 7: Cyber Security EmergencyReadiness●● Strengthen the national computer emergency response teams (CERTs)●● Develop effective cyber security incident reporting mechanisms 15
COVER FEATURE INGENIEUR TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD ICT FOR OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE - PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE PLANNING By Anthonysamy Rajamanickam, Christine Yong Wei Ling, M Pavala Malar Kannan, Tun Abdul Karim Tun Abu Bakar ICT Division, Tenaga Nasional Berhad In today’s business environment, use of technology and ICT is without doubt pre-requisites to ensure operational efficiency, sustainable business operations and improved customer service. With the convergence of ICT, where communications and IT are used together, it is now possible for companies to operate and provide services from anywhere and at any time. The authors give some examples of how TNB has used technology and ICT in the past, and intends to do so in the future in the areas of asset management, grid operations and customer service. Tenga Nasional Bhd (TNB), with assets worth companies with large assets to obtain PAS 55 RM99 billion, is one of the most prominent certification. electric utility companies in South East Asia. TNB serves about 8.4million customers across With advanced mobile technology and IT, the Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Labuan and EAM work flow process can be enhanced by adding employs more than 33,500 people. mobility to improve work order management as shown in Figure 1. Subsequently, an in-house TNB’s core businesses are generation, EAM system with mobility was developed and transmission and distribution of electricity. TNB also implemented in August 2011 for transmission manages a national electricity grid that connects asset management to replace traditional manual all power stations and main intake sub-stations processes. The new system, called Transmission in peninsular Malaysia and also international grid Operation and Maintenance Analyzing System connections to Thailand and Singapore. (TOMAS), as shown in Figure 2, is used to optimize asset productivity and minimize total cost of Enhanced Enterprise Asset Management with ownership through conditioning, monitoring, Mobility analytics, automated work and resource planning TNB is pursuing PAS 55 certification, an and scheduling. internationally accredited certification of best practice for physical asset management. PAS 55 The system relies on the availability of a reliable certification provides a systematic and structured communications network and IT systems for data approach for optimal asset management capture, business process automation, analysis including performance, risk and expenditure over and reporting. TOMAS automatically assigns the asset management life cycle. Enterprise maintenance teams for scheduled maintenance Asset Management systems (EAM) are used by work through work orders on a mobile device. Through the mobile device, maintenance teams are 166 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
able to access asset information and update work ●● Accurate and timely information wasand maintenance data with the backend Enterprise provided to the Call Management CentreResource Planning (ERP) system. The system thus (CMC) team for improved communicationsprovides online information to management and to customers.central operations teams on the condition of theasset, performance and maintenance status. Such ●● Work processes were consolidated andinformation is important when fast decisions are streamlined to improve overall efficiencyrequired during an emergency. With TOMAS, time and effectiveness.based or corrective maintenance regime shifts tocondition and predictive based maintenance mode. This project was first implemented in Shah Alam in 2007 and successfully rolled-out to other Two other EAM projects, namely Mobilityfor Substation Maintenance and Linear AssetsManagement (LAM), were recently kicked-off bythe TNB Distribution Division in November 2013and January 2014 respectively. These off-the-shelf solutions focus on distribution transformers,switchgears, medium and low voltage overheadline, underground cable and street lighting asset.Enhanced Customer Service and Operationsthrough Mobile Field Force AutomationMobile Field Force Automation (MFFA) wasimplemented in TNB’s Distribution Division toenhance outage management, reduce supplyinterruptions and improve customer service. Withthe implementation of MFFA, the following wereachieved: ●● Communications between various teams involved in outage management were streamlined and simplified. Figure 2 – TOMAS OverviewFigure 1: Mobility for EAM – Streamlining Work Order Management Process 17
INGENIEURsites by August 2013. The system relies on benefits to both customers and TNB. Subsequently,communications and IT to automate processes, TNB embarked on a Remote Meter Reading (RMR)improve communications and provide accurate project involving 60,000 LPCs in 2005. Customersdata with the goal of reducing supply interruption have benefitted from the project by getting accurateand enhancing customer service. and timely bills and access to information on their energy consumption (load profile). Benefits to TNB An illustrative diagram of TNB’s MFFA system include efficient meter reading and billing process,as given in Figure 3 shows the work flow from ability to monitor and analyse energy utilisationwhen a customer makes a report to CMC of supply and detect meter tampering and/or non-technicalinterruption to the time the customer is notified of losses (electricity theft).supply normalisation. The RMR system as shown graphically inLarge Power Customer Service Enhancement Figure 4, includes the meters, GPRS modems,through Remote Meter Reading System GPRS network, communications servers, MeterTraditionally, energy meters at consumer premises Data Management System (MDMS) and Customerhave been manually read by TNB employees on a Information and Billing System (eCIBS). Meters aremonthly basis. As a manual process, meter reads remotely read on a daily basis from communicationwere subject to errors and inconsistent meter servers located at TNB’s data centre using GPRSread cycles. For large power consumers (LPCs), modems through Celcom’s GPRS network. Datawho contribute about 70% of TNB’s revenue, it acquired from the meters is fed into the MDMSwas decided that investing in advanced meter and billing and customer information systems fortechnology and ICT would produce significant processing and other applications. Figure 3: MFFA Illustration168 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Figure 4: System Overview of the TNB RMR ProjectFigure 5: System Overview of TNB AMI/Smart Meter Project Through the use of ICT, significant Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) consistsimprovements are being realized in operational of smart meters, a communications network andefficiency and accurate meter billing. A significant backend IT systems that continuously measuresbenefit obtained from this project is the ability to and collects electricity usage through two-wayreduce non-technical losses by analyzing meter communications to provide various services todata captured on a daily basis from the LPC customers that allows them to manage theirmeters. Customer service is greatly improved with energy consumption.accurate bills consistently delivered on time andinformation on energy consumption such a load TNB is currently implementing an AMI/smartprofiles available on-line. meter demonstration project for 1,000 ordinary power consumers (OPC) in Melaka and Putrajaya/Customer Service Enhancement through Cyberjaya. The system overview of the project isAdvanced Metering Infrastructure shown graphically in Figure 5. This project, whichElectric power utilities in Europe, U.S. and Australia will be carried out in four stages and is expectedhave aggressively embarked on implementing to be completed by January 2016. The serviceAdvanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) or smart that will be delivered for the stages are listedmeters to meet Government and/or regulatory below:requirements in line with policies for competitiveretail markets, time-of-use tariffs, integration of Stage 1: Automatic billing.renewable energy, demand side management, etc. Stage 2: Load profile web portal. Stage 3: Outage notification and load management plug. 19
INGENIEUR Stage 4: Billing tamper detection, supply be addressed during system design stage and automation, smart billing (pre/ continuously monitored to minimise business post-paid) and Time of Use (TOU) continuity interruption or disaster. The AMI project will be beneficial to the TNB’s preparedness to mitigate cyber securityconsumers as well as TNB. As for the RMR system, threats or attacks is summarised as follows:remote meter reading capability will mitigateconsumer premise inaccessibility, “estimated ●● All cyber security controls to be in-linebill” issues and billing errors. Customers will be with the “Confidentiality, Integrity andable to monitor their electricity usage using an in- Availability” fundamentals.home display or web portal, thereby providing themwith the ability to improve their electricity usage ●● Being certified with ISO/IEC 27001:2005pattern and reduce energy costs. Other benefits Information Security Managementlike outage notification, post/prepaid options and System (ISMS) for its critical powerdemand side management will also be available. system infrastructure.Future Grid Operations through Smart Grid ●● Establishing cyber security policy,Smart grid is an electricity grid modernisation governance processes, skilled resources,programme that relies on communications and Cyber Security Incident ResponseIT for monitoring control and management of Teams (CSIRT), business continuitygeneration, transmission, distribution, storage management, technology such as firewall,and consumption of energy, and enables customer Intrusion Detection/Prevention System,participation. Smart grids aim to achieve: Anti-malware/spam/web-defacement, Data Leakage Protection, etc. ●● Higher grid reliability, ●● Increased energy efficiency, ●● Participating in annual National Cyber ●● Improved operational efficiency, Crisis Exercise to ensure timely response ●● Reduced CO2 emissions, and and proper handling of cyber security ●● Increased customer participation. incidents. TNB is currently formulating a seven-year Conclusionroadmap to implement smart grid projects that will ICT plays a key role in enabling business tocover the following main areas: achieve operational excellence in electric power utilities as shown through examples of systems ●● AMI/Smart Meters, used for asset management, customer service ●● Distribution Automation/Distribution and operations in TNB. Automation and systems based processes are replacing manual processes Management System, to increase operational efficiency, enhance asset ●● Demand Response, management, improve supply reliability and provide ●● Self-healing rings/Wide area intelligent better customer service. ICT will be increasingly used in the future to support new initiatives systems, such as smart grid/smart meter implementation. ●● Distributed energy resources, and Cyber security risks require greater attention and ●● Advanced Condition Based Maintenance comprehensive treatment in the future with the implementation of these new initiatives. (TNB Research Sdn Bhd, 2014, pp. 3-72). REFERENCESCyber SecurityThe pervasive use of ICT, especially IP network Smartgrid.gov.2014. What is the Smartconnections for implementing smart grid/smart Grid?|SmartGrid.gov. [online] Available at:meters project increase cyber security risks. https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid.Cyber security risks include intrusion, malware,denial-of-service attack, insider threat, hackers, TNB Research Sdn Bhd. 2014. TNB Research:data leakage etc. Cyber security risk needs to Smart Grid Maturity Model Report. 1.1. [report] Kuala Lumpur: TNBR, pp. 3-72.260 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Application of ICT in SPECIAL FEATURETraffic ManagementBy Mohamed Rehan Karim, Ahmad Saifizul AbdullahCentre for Transportation Research, University of MalayaMegat Qamarul ZaffiIntegrated Transportation Solutions Sdn Bhd.The application of Inform- ation and Communications Technologies (ICT) intransport has had a huge impacton various aspects of transportand traffic planning, monitoring,management and control. Theterm Intelligent Transport System(ITS) specifically representsthe application of ICT in vehicleand transport networks, andmarks the significance of ICT inshaping the transport system ofthe future. The demands on anytransport system in a citycontinue to grow in parallelwith the growth in the economyand population. This growth,coupled with an infrastructurethat cannot cope with demand,creates negative externalitiessuch as congestion, pollutionand accidents. Simply providingnew infrastructure will not solveall these problems. Innovationsin ITS would enable an entiretransportation system to workas effectively and efficientlyas possible and help makethe transport system moresustainable.Journey Time Indication SystemOne major area of ICTapplication in transport is for 21
INGENIEURtraffic monitoring, management Figure 1: The Journey Time Indicator System LED time indicator inand control. The Journey Time Hong Kong displays the average journey time, in minutes, to crossIndication System (JTIS) in Hong the harbour for each of the available routes. The digits are shown inKong (JTISHK) and Kowloon three different colours for different traffic conditions: red represents(JTISK) is a prime example congested traffic, amber represents slow traffic and green represents(Figure 1). The JTIS functions to smooth traffic. (Source: Hong Kong Transport Department Officialdisseminate real-time journey Website, http://www.td.gov.hk/)information to motorists via LEDdisplays, an interactive voice Figure 2: The Speed Map Panels in Hong Kong displays theresponse system and an Internet schematic map of major routes ahead as well as the estimatedspeed map so that motorists journey time. The displays are colour-coded with green, amber andare able to choose alternative red to represent different traffic conditions: red represents congestedroutes to cross the harbour traffic, amber represents slow traffic and green represents smoothfrom Kowloon Peninsula to Hong traffic. (Source: Hong Kong Transport Department Official Website,Kong Island and vice versa to http://www.td.gov.hk/)avoid traffic congestion. The JTISassists motorists to make aninformed route choice to crossthe harbour before arriving at thecritical diversion points.Speed Map PanelsIn 2013, five Speed Map Panels(SMPs) were installed in theHong Kong New Territories thatprovide a schematic map of roadtraffic speed on major routesbound for Kowloon (Figure 2).The SMPs are located in advanceof traffic divergent points wherealternative routes are available.The estimated journey timethrough the available routes isalso provided. While providing motoristswith real-time information tomake an informed route choice,the JTIS and SMPs allow for abetter distribution of traffic onroads, alleviate congestion andreduce the travel time of roadusers. This has the direct effectof reducing fuel consumptionand pollutant emissions.Open Road TollingIn collecting the necessarydata on road traffic speed andjourney time, a hybrid detection262 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Figure 3: Radio Frequency Identification tag readers are fitted on methodology of video imagegantries over the roadway that enables Open Road Tolling on an processing (VIP) through videoexpressway in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Camera systems are also detector and automatic vehiclecommonly employed for surveillance and enforcement. (Source: identification (AVI) tag readerMiami-Dade Expressway Authority Official Website, http://www. by radio frequency identificationmdxort.com/) (RFID) was employed. RFID is commonly used for ElectronicFigure 4: The Tokyo Traffic Control Centre ensures smooth traffic Toll Collection (ETC) systemoperations throughout Tokyo Metropolis around the clock. The centre whereby vehicles are fittedalso has the capability to handle unusual situations such as big with transponders that areevents and disasters. (Source: http://www.shifteast.com/inside-the- electronically debited whentokyo-traffic-control-center/ passing through tag readers on a tolled road. Owing to its high speed detection rate, RFID enables Open Road Tolling (ORT) environment or Multi-Lane Free Flow (MLFF) where the tag readers are fitted on gantries over the roadways, thus eliminating the need of toll booths and enabling toll payment while vehicles pass through near highway speed (Figure 3). This eliminates the safety risk of vehicles weaving to get to their desired lanes at toll plazas. Tokyo Traffic Control Centre Rather than for toll collection, the RFID technology used for the AVI in Hong Kong captures the vehicle identification information and time stamps of vehicles passing subsequent tag readers to compute the average speed and journey time. The detection method employed is just one example of a myriad of ways traffic data is collected through the application of ICT and the importance of reliable real-time data in traffic management must not be understated. The Tokyo Traffic Control Centre, for example, compiles information from cameras, helicopters, police, citizen reports and over 17,000 vehicle detectors to monitor real-time traffic condition 23
INGENIEURFigure 5: Smart-phoneapplications such as GoogleMaps and Waze offers crowd-sourcing of Floating Car Datato provide real-time trafficconditions to road users.(Source: Google Maps and WazeOfficial Website)throughout the city. The centre on the go (Figure 5). Google and strategies of “Avoid, Shift andcan directly manage more than Waze will likely achieve a higher Improve” to reach the goal of7,000 traffic signal controllers degree of accuracy with the ever sustainable transport.to ensure smooth traffic flow growing smart-phone market.(Figure 4). Information on traffic Google Mapsconditions are then relayed to ICT also plays an essential Web and smart-phoneroad users via variable message role in improving the service applications for travel directionssigns and live traffic report quality of public transportation. such as Google Maps arebroadcast. Unlike private cars which offer great tools to get step-by-step the convenience of door-to-door instructions that guide usersFloating Car Data travel, public transport users to their destinations (FigureIn recent years, Google and usually need to go through 6). It also offers comparisonWaze Mobile tapped into the several modes of transport of different travel options suchopportunity offered with the between their origin and as different routes, number ofgrowing use of smart-phones: destination. Public transport transfers, estimated journeythe floating car data (FCD). users rely heavily on information time, travel by all availableThe Google Maps and Waze on the public transport service public transport modes or travelGPS applications essentially such as routes, scheduling, by bus only. Locally developedtransform every vehicle with an stops, transfers, ticket fares navigation applications suchactive smart-phone into sensors so as to properly plan their as gothere.sg for Singaporethat continuously transmit their journey. Having this information provides more detaileddata about their position in accurately creates a pull factor information such as travel fares,order to generate crowd-sourced that attracts people to use time-sensitive directions for bustraffic information. This results public transport rather than their and train service, detailed busin highly accurate real-time personal cars or motorcycles. info and arrival times (Figure 7).display of traffic conditions and Shifting people away from usenavigational guides directly to of private vehicles to other more Taiwan Taxiusers, enabling them to make an sustainable modes of transport The cloud-based Taiwan Taxiinformed choice on their routes such as public transport is service, an upgrade from their considered one of the three key264 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Figure 6: Google Maps’ public transport navigation service provides previous web-based system, isstep-by-step instructions that guide users to their destinations. another example application of(Source: Google Maps Official Website) ICT to improve public transport. Before the introduction ofFigure 7: Locally developed gothere.sg web and smart-phone the Taiwan Taxi smart-phoneapplications provide more detailed information on travel options in application, users called for aSingapore than Google Maps. (Source: gothere.sg Official Website, taxi by direct call to call centreshttp://gothere.sg/maps) or through the Taiwan Taxi webpage. The Taiwan Taxi smart- Figure 8: Taiwan Taxi smart- phone application offers users a phone application for taxi more simplified way of booking booking service. (Source: Chang, a taxi. The system can directly S. K. J. (2013). Cloud Taxi: An locate the user’s location through Innovative Service in Public GPS, hence the user simply Transport. Presented at the Eco needs to specify the pickup time Mobility 2013 in Suwon, Korea. and wait for the response (Figure 03.09.13) 8). The app also provides an innovative solution to things that had seem difficult to achieve before: a customer satisfaction survey is done through a simple rating system and an emergency call button is also included to ensure safety and security of passengers. Web and smart-phone applications are examples of a form of Travel Information Service (TIS) which disseminates public transport information to the public. However, these front-end services for the users are only made possible with the back- end system that tracks real- time transit vehicle locations, estimate the on-time status and control the overall public transport operations during normal and also emergency conditions. The adoption of advanced technology in the provision of public transport service is termed Advance Public Transport System (APTS). With continuous technolog- ical advancements and innova- tive solutions, ICT applications in transport will continue to grow as a major industry to provide an efficient and safe transportation system of the future. 25
SPECIAL FEATURE INGENIEUR Application of RFID and IT in Monitoring Quality of Concrete By Ir. Dr Zuhairi Abd Hamid, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Rahim, Muhammed Asraff Abdul Rahman, Construction Research Institute of Malaysia & Ir. Mohd Noor Azudin Mansor, Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia The application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in the laboratory testing of concrete cubes started in 2010. It is currently being practiced in Makmal Kerja Raya Malaysia and there is potential for application by other laboratories. The implementation of used for tendering services, transmitted through radio- information technology awarding contracts, project (IT) in various sectors has monitoring and purchasing frequency electromagnetic products and act as a major catalyst for the implementation fields. The concept of RFID of IT in construction sector [1]. proved to be successful and has Radio Frequency Identification was originally introduced in (RFID) is another form of IT tool created significant advantages which is gaining a place in the the 1920s and has been construction industry worldwide such as adding value, increasing and has begun to make a used in many diversified fields presence in Malaysian scene. competitiveness and increasing ever since. In Malaysia, many Radio Frequency Identification cost-effectiveness over the long In general, RFID is a form industries have started to of data transferring, object run. While the construction identification and tracking implement RFID systems and using wireless or non-contact industry acknowledged approach. The system typically solutions or are actively involved consists of a tag, which stores the importance of IT and information electronically on an in research and development of object, and a reader, which is embraced IT at various levels able to read all the information RFID equipment and software to of the construction chain, the increase functionality and at the application of IT is making rather same time trying to reduce the slow progress in only a few cost of implementation which is scattered examples. Malaysian deemed far too expensive for professionals have long relied commercial use [2]. on the computer aided design, engineering design software RFID in Construction All over the world, researchers and many other computer have come out with different and notable concepts of programmes to assist them in implementing RFID in the their work routine. Internet and internet-based tools have been 266 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Figure 1National Palaceat Jalan Duta,Kuala Lumpur Figure 2 National Palace new entrance flyoverconstruction process. Jaselskis when tested in the laboratory Monitoring the Qualityand Anderson [3] applied RFID was adopted by MKRM and Concrete Cube Testtechnology to improve tracking has been introduced and widely Construction Research Instituteand managing concrete material implemented in other developing of Malaysia (CREAM) and itsinspections and test data whereby countries such as Taiwan and testing laboratory, Makmalthey attached RFID tags on the Singapore [6][7]. Kerja Raya Malaysia (MKRM) issurface of concrete test cylinders supporting JKR in their E-Binaafter casting. S.Y.L. Yin et al. [4] E-Bina programme by equipping itselfdeveloped the precast concrete The concept of E-Bina was first with all the required equipmentproduction management system mooted by Jabatan Kerja Raya to conduct laboratory testingthat fully utilises RFID including (JKR) in 2007. This is to develop of concrete cubes with RFIDinspection of incoming materials, an integrated system whereby all facilities embedded. All theproduction process inspection, important elements or processes concrete compression machinesmoulds’ inspection, specimen of construction projects are and other equipment arestrength feedback, and logistics captured and monitored online equipped with an RFID readerand receiving management. A and virtually. It covers almost thus minimising the manualsimilar concept was presented by all processes from earthworks data capturing and recording.E. Ergen et al. [5] by introducing to the erection of the structure CREAM is closely working withRFID and Global Positioning itself. This involves online JKR and MIMOS to developSystem (GPS) to monitor and monitoring of the construction the automated concrete cubetrack precast components in works and digitally captures all monitoring system which is partstorage yards. The concept of important construction details of JKR’s E-Bina. The system wasmonitoring the quality concrete and relevant test data. first developed in 2010 during 27
INGENIEURthe construction of the new Figure 3 Concreting works of request from the designatedNational Palace in Jalan Duta HUKM Multi-storey Car Park person in charge, normally thewhich was chosen as the pilot Building project QC Engineer. The tags issuedproject, as shown in Figure 1. This are specifically identified for thesystem was later implemented ensure that the tags can be used respective project and cannotin a second project, namely the multiple times. The equipment is be used for other projects evenNational Palace Entrance and crucial for the contractor and will though contractor might be theFlyover (Figure 2) and is currently enable the user to register all same.being used in Hospital Universiti the cube data and enter it intoKebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) CREAM’s website over the entire During concrete cubeMulti-storey Car Park project project. preparation, each cube is(Figure 3). uniquely identified by an RFID tag The RFID tags are supplied and all necessary cube details The conventional method to the contractor upon online such as, project name, concreteof concrete cube testing is not structure and location, type ofonly time consuming but also material used, sources, concreterequires many documents which grade and any other relevant dataare prone to data manipulation are entered into the system. Alland tampering. The concept the data is stored in the serverintroduced by CREAM minimizes and this enables the user toas much as possible human retrieve and modify the datainput especially in data capturing before the official submission isand replacing them with an made online. It will also enableautomated system. This not data traceability both before andonly increases data security but after testing.also reduces the overall time oftesting. Clients or consultants The RFID tag is embeddedcan view the laboratory results onto the fresh concrete once itinstantly on-line and anywhere. is poured into the cube mould asFigure 4 illustrates the concept shown in Figure 6. It sticks onof using RFID technology and the surface of the cube once theIT in monitoring the quality of concrete is hardened and theconcrete cubes. sample is ready for curing.Process Involved Online Application for TestingThree main parties involved in Servicesthe whole process are the client Online application for testingor consultant, the contractor services is one of the keyand the testing laboratory which processes involved and the QCis currently only available in engineers need to ensure that allMKRM. Each party is provided necessary information is keyedwith a login ID and password to in and is correct. This systemaccess CREAM’s RFID website. allows multiple applications forThese only allow access to testing for different days of cubethe registered project by the testing, such as 7, 14, 28 andrespective client or consultant. 56 days in one application. The user will be given notification MKRM provides RFID tags and alert three days before theand readers to the contractors scheduled test date.as shown in Figure 5. RFID tagsare protected by a plastic coating The overall process for theto enhance durability and to contractor to follow is shown in Figure 7.268 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Test ing Laborat ory INTERNET Construction site, batchingplant Engineers, Consultant Figure 4 RFID Technology for Monitoring the Quality Concrete Cube Test RFID Reader RFID tags Laptop with internet access Figure 5 Equipment required at the site Figure 5 Equipment required at the site During concrete cube preparation, each cube is uniquely identified by an RFID tag and allnecessary cube details such as, project name, concrete structure and location, type of materialused, sources, concrete grade and any other relevant data are entered into the system. All thedata is stored in the server and this enables the user to retrieve and modify the data before theofficial submission is made online. It will also enable data traceability both before and aftertesting. The RFID tag is embedded onto the fresh concrete once it is poured into the cube mould asshown in Figure 6. It sticks on the surface of the cube once the concrete is hardened and thesample is ready for curing. Figure 6 RFID tags embedded onto wet concrete cubes 29
INGENIEUR ID RFID Tag Cube ApplicationRegistration Request Preparation of Testing•Project details • Via online •Embed tag •Online onto wet cubes application•Login ID & • RFID tags willPassword will be provided •Data entry – •Deliver cubesbe given cube details to MKRM/lab•RFID Readerwill be provided RFID RFID tagsReader Figure 7 Process Involved in the Contractor Side Figure 7 Process Involved in the Contractor SideReceiving Test Result cube verificationConcrete C•uVbeerifCyoamll cpurbeesssion Test •Every tested •Test data cube will be verified &After the cubes have cured they are deliavueutrpoelmodaatdtoiecdaMllyKRM for testing. •EaRpaecpahrdoyvceufodbre is scannedand verified by the system to ensure that ionntolysethrveercorrect scheduled cuvbieeswianrge being tested.All data measurements are electronically captured and input into the system instantly as allelectronic equipment in MKRM have the necessary tools installed. This measure safeguardsthe security of data and measurement taken and minimises human interaction with the datahence reducing the risk of data tampering.Result verificationUpon the completion of testing, the system’s software generates test results automatically.However it requires the TestFEignugrein8eePrrotcoesrseviniveowlveadllinththeetteessttinregslualbts and submit them to theauthorised person usually the Technical Manager for verification before test results can beissued to all relevant partiesF.iTguhrisem8 ePrreolycetsaskiensvaolfveewd mininthueteteusptionng tlhaeb completion of testing.Figure 8 shows the process in the laboratory.The client or consultant and contractor are able to view the results instantly and virtually3a60nywheVVrOOeL. 55T85hAJePURNpIELro2–0mJ1Up3NtE p2r0o1c4ess of retrieving the concrete test results at site is crucial toproject management for the client to make vital and quick decisions at the site.
Concrete Cube Compression overall time involved and the AcknowledgementTest most importantly it guarantees The authors would like toAfter the cubes have cured data security and minimises express their gratitude tothey are delivered to MKRM for data tampering that is crucial all respective parties whotesting. Each cube is scanned to any construction project to contributed their time andand verified by the system to ensure not only the quality of the effort in developing the systemensure that only the correct finished product but the integrity and ensuring the success ofscheduled cubes are being of the professional team involved. the implementation processtested. All data measurements CREAM is working closely with at various constructionare electronically captured and JKR to further enhance the projects namely, Cawanganinput into the system instantly system and make it available Kejuruteraan Struktur danas all electronic equipment to other laboratories. This step Jambatan, Jabatan Kerja Rayain MKRM have the necessary will enables wider application Malaysia, CIDB Malaysia, Entools installed. This measure of the system which currently is Mohamed Rawidean Mohdsafeguards the security of data limited only to the Klang Valley. Kassim of MIMOS, Projekand measurement taken and With the right tools and a small Istana Negara Jalan Dutaminimises human interaction investment, the applications team and Projek Tempat Letakwith the data hence reducing the can be implemented all over Kereta Bertingkat HUKM team.risk of data tampering. Malaysia.Result verification References Tserng, J.C. Wang, S.C.Upon the completion of testing, Tsai, Developing a precastthe system’s software generates [1] Mastura Jaafar, Abdul production managementtest results automatically. Rashid Abdul Aziza, T. system using RFIDHowever it requires the Test Ramayah, Basri Saada, technology, Automation inEngineer to review all the test Integrating information Construction 18 (2009),results and submit them to technology in the Pages 677–691the authorised person usually construction industry:the Technical Manager for Technology readiness [5] Esin Ergen, Burcu Akinc,verification before test results assessment of Malaysian Rafael Sacks, Tracking andcan be issued to all relevant contractors, International locating components in aparties. This merely takes a few Journal of Project precast storage yard utilizingminute upon the completion Management, Volume 25, radio frequency identificationof testing. Figure 8 shows the Issue 2, February 2007, technology and GPS,process in the laboratory. Pages 115–120 Automation in Construction 16 (2007), Pages 354–367 The client or consultant [2] Mohd Zahari Zakaria, Theand contractor are able to view Malaysian RFID scenario, [6] Lung-Chuang Wang,the results instantly and virtually MyConvergence, Malaysian Enhancing constructionanywhere. The prompt process Communication and quality inspection andof retrieving the concrete test Multimedia Industry, July management using RFIDresults at site is crucial to project 2008, Pages 35-37 technology, Automation inmanagement for the client to Construction 17 (2008),make vital and quick decisions [3] E.J. Jaselskis, M.R. Pages 467–479at the site. Anderson, Radio-frequency identification applications [7] Anonymous, TrackingThe Way Forward in construction industry, Concrete Cubes for QA,In total more than 7,000 cubes Journal of Construction RFID Journal Article, Augusthave been tested by MKRM Engineering and 18, 2002, (http://www.using the RFID application. It is Management 121 (2) rfidjournal.com/articles/has successfully minimised the (1995), Pages 189–196. view?194) [4] Samuel Y.L. Yin, H. Ping 31
SPECIAL FEATURE INGENIEUR Application of ICT in Road and Transportation Safety By Hizal Hanis Hashim, Ir. Mohd Rasid Osman Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research Application of ICT in transportation under the Intelligent Transportation System focuses on reduction in the level of congestion, improved road safety, increased mobility and energy efficiency. In the area of crash data analysis, the MIROS Road Accident Analysis and Database System encompasses on-site data entry and desktop data analysis. An App has been developed for convenient data entry and data collection using tablets or smart-phones commonly available in the market. One of the global issues faced by the world today concerns road safety. A total of 1.24 million people were killed on the world’s roads in year 2010, while road crash related injuries take an enormous toll on individuals and communities as well as on national economies (WHO, 2013). Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death for young people aged 15-29 years old. As the issue emerges, researchers and road safety professionals are looking at various aspects that could help to address and solve this issue. Often, the areas of road user behavioural change, vehicle safety and road engineering are commonly looked into when addressing this issue. However, as this issue is becoming more prominent, more countries have started to adopt the application of ICT to manage their transportation system and their approach to improved safety. Application of ICT in transportation is often referred to as the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS provides services using modern computing and communications technologies. The application of ITS mainly focuses on four main objectives, which are reduction in the level of congestion, improved road safety, increased mobility and energy efficiency (ITS Asia-Pacific, 2013). Based on these objectives, development of ICT products and their application has grown significantly with the introduction of various new technologies. ITS USAGE In Malaysia, ITS usage is still fairly limited, especially for the purpose of road safety. ITS was first introduced in Malaysia in mid- 362 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Electronic toll collectionnineties (ITS Malaysia, 2009). areas, where traffic is often at full and construction of a new MassDeployments of ITS applications capacity. Major cities in Malaysia Rapid Transit System (MRT).in Malaysia include, Electronic are facing mounting challenges It is hoped that the effort willTolling Collection (ETC), Traffic to long term sustainable increase modal share for publicManagement Centre (TMC), transportation systems. Rapid transport and effectively reduceVariable Messaging Sign (VMS) urbanization inevitably leads to the congestion in the city as welland Integrated Transport an increase in travel demand. as to improve overall safety.Terminal (ITT). Introduction For example, Kuala Lumpurof ETC aims to reduce traffic City Hall has established Though given the limitedcongestion at toll booths by Integrated Transport Information number of ITS applicationsutilizing an electronic payment System (ITIS) to manage traffic currently deployed in Malaysia,system. On the other hand, congestion along major roads in there are a lot of other ITSTMCs such as at Malaysian the city. Constraints in the public applications that could beHighway Authority is useful for transportation system in terms evaluated. ITS may provide aoptimal control of traffic flows of coverage, service quality, new set of tools for achievingand incident detection. CCTV integration with other modes of urban transport objectivescameras installed at various transport and service reliability, and policies. For example, ITSlocations are used to monitor put upward pressure on the systems that collect informationtraffic condition and traffic rate of growth in private vehicle about the current state ofinformation is broadcast to ownership. Therefore, various the transportation network,road users through the use of solutions with ITS integration process the information andVMS. Meanwhile, seamless could help in addressing the directly manage the networkconnectivity between modes issue. Among other efforts through the use of VMS, trafficof public transport is realized shown by the public authorities signals or allow road users towith the introduction of ITT. are increasing the bus fleet size, decide by providing them withVarious modes of transport are introduction of Bus Expressway the latest traffic updates andinterconnected and users need Transit (BET) routes, increasing transit schedules. Strategic ITSnot travel far to change from one the number of carriages sets systems play an important rolemode to another. for commuter rail services, in delivering policy objectives, construction of ITTs, expansion including improving road safety, Application of ITS is of Light Rail Transit (LRT) lines traffic congestion, reduction inparticularly important in urban pollution, as well as improving 33
INGENIEURmobility. The economy wouldbenefit through reducedjourney times and improvedreliability, energy efficiency andoverall improvement in safety.Ultimately, economic viabilityand vitality in the urban areasand nearby would be increased,making them better and moreattractive areas for investment.M-ROADS M-ROADS app in any android- Figure 1: On-site Data EntryFocusing on the aspect of roadsafety, the Malaysian Institute of based device (preferably bigger- basic functionality of recordsRoad Safety Research (MIROS) management, the portal alsohas embarked on the application sized screen tablets for a better offers users the ability to queryof ICT with the development of and analyse the data by usinga crash data management and viewing experience) and conduct the user-friendly interface.intelligence system. The system Data cross-tabulation, reportnamed MIROS Road Accident data entry at the crash site generation and black-spotAnalysis and Database System location identification can(M-ROADS) was developed to itself. Crash data collection such directly be done using the portal.cater for the need of crash Data analysis features providedata analysis and information as general crash information, flexibility for users in filteringprocessing. As a research the dataset to match a specificinstitute, with focus on road pictures and location scope of inquiry. For example,safety research, crash data users that want to know statisticsplays a vital role in formulating determination through GPS and for fatal crashes by collision typeevidence-based research. Issues and road geometry, occurring atidentification, which is often maps can be conducted using either office or shopping areas,used in research hypotheses, or occurring on federal or statemay be obtained from the system the app (Figure 1). In addition, roads may do so by using recordwith ease. With the development filtering functionality in theof M-ROADS, it offers the the user may also draw sketch analysis (Figure 2).convenient data analysis toaid in research formulation. Its diagrams of the crash directly In addition, filteringadditional function of crash data functionality can also be appliedentry and management will allow from the app. Crash records may when mapping crash locations,for efficient and accurate data as depicted in Figure 3, whereentry. be stored locally in the device fatal crash locations for express busses are shown. Filtering M-ROADS system was (and later transmitted to the dataset functionality will allowdeveloped encompassing two for focused interventions andmain functions, namely on- database server when Wi-Fi is research to be as specific assite data entry and desktop possible, hence increasingdata analysis. An App has available) or transmitted directlybeen developed for convenientdata entry process and data to its server through the use ofcollection using tablets or smart-phones commonly available in its data network. This eliminatesthe market. Users may install the need for each device to maintain data network (which is costly) in order for the process to complete. On-site data entry will enhance data reliability and accuracy as data is captured and stored immediately. M-ROADS web-based application portal was developed to enable the user to analyse the data. In addition to the364 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
Figure 2: Cross-tabulation Analysis with Data Filtering Road Transport in Developing Countries (INAROAD) and wonFigure 3: Location Identification for Fatal Crashes the road safety category. The Involving Express Busses in Year 2012 award was organized by the International Road Federationits effectiveness. Moreover, introduce specific interventions (IRF) and the ceremony was heldlocations identification filtered to tackle issues such as black- in 2011 at Bucharest, Romaniato a specific issue will allow for spot treatment programme in conjunction with the launch ofresearchers and road transport or placement of intelligent United Nation Decade of Actionprofessionals to conduct enforcement system such as for Road Safety.experiments and treat the issue the Automated Enforcementat the right spot, instead of System (AES). Therefore, by As the development in ICTgeneralizing it. Accurate testing using locations with specific has been progressing rapidlyand treatment can then be done issues, interventions can be over the past decade, theexactly at the place where it more targeted and effective. In transportation sector shouldhappens. addition, crash statistics that the not be left out in taking full system generates will support advantage of its benefit andLOCATION IDENTIFICATION decision-making and provide functionality. The precision andExample of M-ROADS application much needed evidence when sophistication it offers couldis generating lists of black- formulating road safety policies. provide an excellent platformspot (frequent crash) locations for the transportation sectorbased on specific issues The development and to enhance its services andidentified. Location identification usage of M-ROADS for data safety. Therefore, it’s imperativewith specific issues such as management and intelligence to find suitable ways to applyspeeding and red light running has been recognized and its ICT for developing an intelligentcan be generated from the benefit have been promoted transportation system wheresystem at ease. From the list internationally. In year 2010, drivers, vehicles and roadof locations, the authority may M-ROADS won third place for infrastructure work together overall in Innovation Award for harmoniously and safely with consequent reduction in congestion, increased mobility and better energy efficiency. REFERENCES ITS Asia-Pacific (2013). ITS Guideline for Sustainable Transport in the Asia-Pacific Region. Retrieved from http:// www.its-jp.org/english/ files/2013/12/2013.12.5_ Final_ITS-Guideline.pdf ITS Malaysia (2009). In Background. Retrieved from http://www.itsmalaysia.com.my/ content.php World Health Organisation (2013). Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action. Luxembourg: WHO. 35
Where Engineers ExcelThe Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM), The content in this magazine, written mainlyformed in 1972, is a statutory body by the engineering community andconstituted under the Registration of technical professionals, provides first-handEngineers Act 1967. BEM falls within the and valuable knowledge. There is a wealthambit of responsibility of the Minister of of information on:Works. Its primary role is to facilitate the Infrastructure design andregistration of engineers and regulate theprofessional conduct and practice of developmentregistered engineers in order to Professional practicesafeguard the safety and interest of the Government policies and guidelinespublic. Legal issues Engineering personalitiesUnder BEM’s registration record are Management15,000 Professional Engineers and Continuous development of engineers.71,000 Graduate Engineers in variousdisciplines and industries throughoutMalaysia.Published quarterly by BEM, The Ingenieur,reaches out to the engineering communityvia a 13,500 print version as well as toother readers via an e-format.Readership is estimated at 50,000.FFoorr aaddvveerrttiissiinngg aanndd ssuubbssccrriippttiioonn iinnqquuiirriieess,, pplleeaassee ccoonnttaaccttBBooaarrdd ooff EEnnggiinneeeerrss MMaallaayyssiiaaTTiinnggkkaatt 1177 IIbbuuPPeejjaabbaattJJKKRR,, Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50580 Kuala LumpurJEamlanil S:upltuabnliScaltaiohnu@ddbine,m.org.my5Te0l580: K+u6a0la3-L2um61p0ur7095/96/97/98ETemlail : p+u6b0li3ca-2ti6o9n@1 2b0e9m0.org.myTFealx : +603-26982 05509107 / 603-2610 2090Fax : +603-2692 501740 VOL 4 MAR–MAY 2013
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PROJECT REPORT INGENIEUR Construction Industry Development Board ENHANCING GREEN CARD THROUGH RFID APPLICATION By Mohd Syarizal Mohd Noor, Ir. Dr. Zuhairi Abd. Hamid Construction Research Institute of Malaysia The Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia carried out a pilot project called Green Card Self-Regulation System using Green Card with Radio Frequency Identification in three selected construction sites. Feedback has been positive for construction site management and workers. For the past three years,Malaysian’s construction construction industry for efficient management and industry has brought up to 195 projects under improving success in meeting project timescales. the National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) listed From a safety aspect, protecting employees from a in the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) potentially harmful and hazardous site environment with a total investment of RM220 billion. These is an important concern of businesses where projects are expected to contribute RM144 billion construction accidents and injuries are an ever to the gross national income and create 435,000 present danger. Demonstrating compliance to new jobs. In 2014, the construction sector will regulation and legislation is central to corporate keep the pace as the main economic driver and governance but can consume resources and be very become the major contributor for the Malaysian costly. In order to bridge efficiency and profitability economy. in construction, information and communications technology (ICT) have played a crucial role in filling At the same time the construction industry is the substantial gaps in the industry. One particular facing some of the greatest challenges presented technology that suits the construction environment by the threat of global warming and environmental is the application of Radio Frequency Identification damage. Regulators and, the industry itself, are (RFID). This has the ability to address the driving better practices in construction to improve construction related issues by improving the ability the contribution that construction makes to the of construction management to log and monitor sustainability of communities and the economy at activities on site, keeping the track of tools and large. Because the industry employs such large materials, improving the supply chain and helping numbers of people and involves large quantities to promote improved health and safety. of material, it has a large impact on the built environment. Any measures taken to improve the Construction Industry Development Board utilization of people, assets, and materials have a (CIDB) Malaysia, through its research arm significant effect on the profitability, efficiency and Construction Research Institute of Malaysia reputation of construction businesses. (CREAM) and using a system developed by CIDB - ‘E-Construct’, carried out a special research The complexity of management of construction programme called the Green Card Self-Regulation site workers and supply chains for materials System (GCSRS), where the use of a Green Card has been recognized as a common hindrance in 368 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
with RFID is simulated in selected construction sites ●● CIDB Worker Registration Numberto improve the CIDB’s services in card issuance ●● Worker’s Nameand to see the potential of RFID implementation in ●● IC/Passport Numberconstruction site management and workers. The ●● Card Expiry Dateprogramme gives an opportunity for CIDB Malaysia ●● Category and Citizenship Informationto minimize the loophole in current practices and ●● Trade Codeto see how the integration with RFID will benefit ●● Trade Informationtheir service delivery and quality. On top of that, Besides the card features, the CIDB’sthe pilot project will not only evaluate the concept office still issues the card manually whereby anof RFID in the green card and the enhancement officer keys in the client’s information from aof CIDB services but also, card usage will be registration form into the computer. The processexpanded further for the benefit of construction can be critically overloaded and troublesomeworkers and site administrators. when handling a large volume of registration forms. Time constraints and lack of manpower areBACKGROUND: CONVENTIONAL GREEN CARD other factors of concern in providing satisfactory service deliverable to the clients. Furthermore, theDuring the early stage of the Green Card, the significant cost of maintaining the printing machinelaminated card was used by construction personnel for the direct printing system is another issue duesince 1996. After 2001, the plastic card was to the damage-prone printer head and the heavyintroduced by CIDB to replace the laminated card daily printing workload.together with the improved of registration process, At the moment, there are no specific toolscard security and durability. for CIDB Malaysia to collect useful data on construction workers. The current method of The card is still lacking in terms of security data collection is through surveys or contractorfeatures and can easily be forged by unauthorized registration, which is usually associated withparties. This is be a big concern for enforcement inaccurate data due to long response times andofficers since they are solely dependent on the poor feedback from contractors and workers. Theprinted information on the card as there is no development of the GCSRS system through thiscross-checking facility in the system database for pilot project will integrate the RFID application intoverification purposes. Such unauthorised practices the CIDB current system with additional informationcan easily be manipulated by certain parties on worker mobility at construction sites.through this loophole. The current card displaysthe following details: 39
INGENIEUR Considering the factors above, there is a about assets or resources more readily availableneed for a total revamp of the system to improvesecurity, process delivery and cost optimization by enabling the collection and consolidationwhile incorporating new current technologypractices in the green card system. of information for reporting and auditing. SuchGREEN CARD: RFID TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL & applications will result in improving accountabilityAPPLICATION by establishing who did what with which, where andBasically RFID is the wireless non-contact use ofradio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer when. The applications of RFID specifically in thedata, for the purpose of automatically identifyingand tracking tags attached to objects. Some construction sector are as follows:tags are powered by battery and operate over afew metres via magnetic fields and then act as a ●● Access control to sites or areas withinpassive transponder to emit microwaves or Ultra-High-Frequency radio waves. Others use a local sites and monitoring security staffpower source and may operate over hundredsof metres. Unlike a barcode, the tag does not activities on site,necessarily need to be within line of sight of thereader, and may be embedded in the tracked ●● Health, safety & environmentalobject. compliance, The history of RFID can be traced backto early 1940s during World War II when it was ●● Maintenance control and management,used to identify allied and enemy aircraft. Thetechnology started to evolve and has been widely ●● Control of the location of valuable assets,used in various applications such as: ●● Material identification and tracking, and ●● Tracking persons and animals, ●● Access management, ●● Plant equipment tracking and control ●● Identifying and tracking goods and Looking at such potential, CIDB Malaysia carried out a RFID pilot project by incorporating the assets, system into the green card infrastructure called ●● Toll collection and contactless payment, GCSRS. This system is an approach to install ●● Machine readable travel documents, RFID chips in the current CIDB’s green card that ●● Tracking sports memorabilia to verify is currently used by construction industry workers. Such a system allows the full benefits of a smart authenticity, and communication system and provides the platform ●● Airport baggage tracking logistics. for online initiatives where CIDB could shift their manual form-filling to a computerised and Internet-RFID in Construction based system for daily operation managementIn the construction industry, the application of RFID with their clients.has a huge potential to be exploited. RFID tags The current green card only displaysallow information to be read contactlessly, or written information of workers printed on the card withoutand fixed to tools, people or materials used in the any ‘smart’ technology embedded. GCSRSsector. As a result it is possible to track and trace implementation, allows the RFID card to be usedindividual items through what has been termed as in many applications similar to the Malaysian’sthe ‘Internet of things’. In term of handling site Identity Card. The memory within the card can beworkers and resources, it can improve the quality retrieved and stored electronically when needed byof project management by replacing manual data using an appropriate RFID device.collection methods with automated ones which Furthermore, RFID card functionality can beare faster and more reliable for detail analysis. fully utilized with the application of a new integratedFurthermore RIFD can help make information RFID counter system that could increase the efficiency of the counter service. Instead of using a manual key-in approach when searching card data in the database, the application of a RFID scanner will speed up the search process and cut queuing times at the counter. Similarly CIDB’s enforcement teams can use a RIFD scanner during site checking. The enforcement officer just needs to bring along the RFID mobile reader (validator), which could be used to check and validate the construction personnel card instantly on site instead of using the old method of manually checking the attendance list.460 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
The other part of this programme is the ●● Site Reader for site contractor anduse of kiosks as one method to self-apply, renew workers, andand update the information of the green card. Byusing a kiosk, the site workers can update the ●● Validator (mobile card reader) for CIDBinformation without having to go to CIDB branches. Enforcement Officer.This will increase the effectiveness and usage ofthe green card. The card function is not the only System Componentsbenefit to CIDB but it is extended to the contractorfor site project management. By installing a RFID 1. RFID integrated Green Cardsite reader, the site worker will be able to scan The RFID smart card is a contactless card thattheir card for site record ‘in-out’ and could help the contains an internal memory that securelysite administration monitor their workers. manages, stores and provides data access using a Radio Frequency (RF) technology. The elements inGCSRS System Overview the RFID card are the antenna, IC Chip and plasticThe GCSRS system is the integration of several protection cover. It is an excellent privacy-enablingsystems with the GCSRS server as the database solution for applications that need to protectbackbone and synchronized with the server personal information and secure communicationdatabase from CIDB. The overall system overview with a smart card. The illustration in Figure 2is illustrated in Figure 1. The GCSRS consists of: shows the content of the card. ●● Green Card with RFID chip for the card 2. RFID Card Processing System for the Desk/ holder, Counter The system consists of new counter system and ●● Counter System with RFID Card desktop personalization machine. The counter processing capability, system will operate at the CIDB’s counter service ●● Kiosk System for public access, Figure 1: GCSRS Overview 41
INGENIEURfor the RFID card printing and issuance for less 4. Site RFID Readerthan five registrations. For batch processing more In order to extend the function of GCSRS to thethan five and up to 100 registrations at one time, contractor, the research project included thethere will be a desktop personalization machine installation of a site reader at the constructionbehind the counter to serve this purpose. The site. Construction personnel who have a valid RFIDsystem comprises integration hardware with green card were able to flash their card at the sitespecific functions of: reader during the entrance and exit. This system acts as an attendance recording device whereby ●● Desktop PC – To operate and control all the employer can monitor construction personnel the related equipment for card printing on the site. If there is an emergency, the safety access, officer can use the data in the RIFD reader to instantly identify any missing persons on the site ●● Contactless Card Reader – To read or instead of doing this manually. In addition, the write RFID card for the data verification in the system, ●● Scanner – To scan the document and photograph during the card registration, and ●● RFID Card Printer – To print and encode the RFID card.3. KioskThe kiosk system will complement the countersystem where it provides a self-service centrefor registration, renewal and information inquiryregarding the green card at anytime and anywhere.This service will enable construction personnel toacquire services related to their green card at aconvenient time. Such an initiative would reducethe workload and long queues at the servicecounter. The framework of the kiosk is illustratedin Figure 3. Figure 2: Elements in RFID Card Success Status CDIB CDIB Central Management Current Account System Transfer Payment Request Secured Money Internet Infrastructure Payee Account Https/VPN Https/VPN Single Kiosk Multiple Array Kiosks Network Figure 3: Figure 3: Kiosk System ArchitectureKiosk System Architecture462 VVOOL 5585 AJPU3RN.IEL S2–i0tJe1U3NREF2ID01R4eader In order to extend the function of GCSRS to the contractor, the research project included the installation of a site reader at the construction site. Construction personnel who have a valid RFID green card were able to flash their card at the site
Figure 4: RFID Card system provides CIDB with real time monitoring Reader System at of construction personnel on site on a daily or Construction Site monthly basis. The site reader (Figure 4) consists of: ●● RFID Controller Board, ●● GPRS Data Communication Modem, and ●● RFID ReaderFigure 5: A Mobile 5. Mobile RIFD Reader (Enforcement Validator) RFID Reader The Mobile RFID Reader is a special mobile equipment used by the enforcement unit for card site checking. Normally site enforcement officers ask the contractor to provide the list of the site workers and from there, the enforcement unit carries out a manual checking process of the workers by requesting them to show their green card. Apart from the checking itself, the enforcement unit also has to do random site visits without warning to check a certain site. With the GCSRS, the enforcement unit has specific target based online data from the site transmitter resulting in a more efficient checking practice. The card is scanned using the validator which confirms card validity and ownership. The card is checked using the printed information on the card itself, the card database in the validator and also remotely in the CIDB server. 6. Web Management Portal The GCSRS web portal allows the data of a tagged RFID card owned by a construction workers on site to be viewed and monitored by site administration and CIDB. This data can be used by CIDB for studying the mobility pattern of construction workers. As for the site contractor, accessibility through the web portal allows the employer to monitor their worker’s attendance on site. GCSRS: PILOT PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Figure 6: Web Portal Login Page The pilot project has been evaluated from two different aspects involving management of the card issuance process and practicality at construction sites. Two CIDB offices were 43
INGENIEURselected for the project in order to simulate the ●● Sub-Urban: Sepang, Selangornew RFID card process and issuance to the clients. This site consists of one gate entrance andAt the same time, construction sites were also approximately 200 site workers working atselected and their workers received new RFID card a particular period. Most of the workers areto be used for attendance tagging. from Indonesia and come to the construction site by bus. The bus provides two trips at 7.00Selection of Pilot a.m. and 7.30 p.m. The site’s security guard had a daily checking device during projectProject for CIDB implementation. The installation involved a pole, power source cable, a reader and solarOffices panel. The power source for the reader was obtained from a solar panel installed for thisThe selection of purpose.CIDB state offices ●● Urban: Kuala Lumpur This site has two entrance gates where onewas based on is the worker’s main entrance and another is for the construction supply drop down.the selection of They are 261 site workers currently working and the amount increases during peakconstruction sites construction times. At the main entrance of the construction site there is a guard postinvolved in the pilot for personnel registration when entering the site. So the placement of the site reader wasproject. Since three strategically located near the guard post for the convenience of card tagging. The power sourceconstruction sites for the GCSRS equipment was drawn from the electricity of guard post. The installationwere selected from involved a pole, powers source cable, and a reader.Selangor, Kuala Figure 7: Site Reader Installation at Construction ●● Remote: Jasin, MelakaLumpur and another Site The site is a new university campus in Melaka, which is built on a 86-hectare site and issite in Malacca, CIDB expected to be completed within 30 months. Even though the site has one main entrance,Wilayah Persekutuan the site workers live in a dormitory within the construction site. During a site inspection,was selected to cater this particular site needed two site readers to allow data collection of administrative stafffor the needs of RFID card printing in Selangor and site workers because of the geography and location of the offices.and Kuala Lumpur while CIDB Melaka will serve During the pilot project, the workers atthe selected construction site in Malacca. The the construction sites involved in the project were required to tag their RFID card to the sitenecessary equipment to enable office personnel reader installed at the main entrance of the site. The recorded tagged data was sent to theto print and read the RFID card was installed in GCSRS server located at CIDB office during athe selected offices. Particularly it involved theinstallation of a new counter system and desktoppersonalization machine for each office togetherwith necessary staff training. In terms of applicationmanagement, the current procedure was stillmaintained except for the additional process forRFID card encoding or decoding. Beside the cardprinting equipment, the respective offices hada kiosk installed to allow the visitor to have alook and feel on the system including testing thesystem functionality and reliability.Selection of Pilot Project for Construction SitesThree sites were selected for the pilot projectbased on their location. The location of the siteswere chosen on the basis of urban, sub-urban andremote. Such factors gave a better understandingof the system connectivity especially when dealingwith construction sites in remote areas sincethe site reader needs an Internet connection tocommunicate with the GCSRS server. The locationof selected sites were:464 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
designated time or via a manual request through Benefits for CIDB OperationShort-Messaging-Services (SMS). This allowed Based on the study conducted, integration ofoptimization of the system connectivity without RFID through GCSRS in CIDB’s operation willoverloading the bandwidth of the system from provide a huge benefit in term of:continuous connection between the reader and 1. Improved service and faster card issuancethe server. Site administration was also able toview the site workers attendance data at their – ease of new card registration and renewalrespective site by accessing the GCSRS web by electronic form filling and the use ofportal with the login credentials provided. This RFID scanner to search the database.allowed site administration to view the attendance 2. Simplified registration and renewalof their workers for their daily management and process - promote self-registration throughmonitoring purposes. By using a web management a kiosk instead of going to the counter.application, the histories of their workers was 3. Huge reduction in workload and manpowerrecorded (time, date, site and etc.) on a daily compared with the current conventionalbasis. system for green card operation. 4. Reduce material and resources – the RFIDFEEDBACK ON THE GCSRS SYSTEM card is reusable and has a long lifespan. It will reduce the need to print new cards forData obtained through portal monitoring gave an renewal and subsequently reduce printingoverview of the system’s connectivity and reliability maintenance costs.by ensuring the connection between the site reader 5. Improvement of enforcement work - moreand GCSRS server. However the perception of the site visits and checking with a mobileuser, especially the perspective of CIDB officers, reader will validate a worker’s green cardcontractors and site workers was still needed. in less than a minute.Therefore site interviews and surveys were carried 6. Improvement on card security level andout to complete the feedback on the system. minimizing card forgery – A green card withThe interviews were conducted with various CIDB an embedded RFID is more secure anddepartments and the respective construction provides an added layer of security.sites. Additionally, survey forms were distributedat the construction sites to the administrative staff Benefits for Site Management & Workersand the site workers. Deployments of RFID based systems at the pilot construction sites have provided the The interviews conducted with CIDB following advantages:personnel were generally about the current system 1. More efficient recording of workers’practice and how the new system implementationmight improve their daily work schedule dependant attendance – workers just need to flashon the functions of their respective department. the RFID card on the reader during into orWith the introduction of the new system, the out of the site and reduces queuing time.pilot project looked into human capacity and 2. Reduced payroll cost – RFID tagging canadaptation and possible enhancement of daily automate data collection of attendance andwork. As for the construction sites, the feedback hours worked, thus saving administrativewas based on interviews with representatives from costs of time keeping and security staff.administration and the survey forms given to the 3. More systematic monitoring of workers bysite workers to provide a better overall picture of site administration – simplified traceabilitythe newly implemented system. The data gathered of headcount during emergency cases.was mainly focused on the hardware of the system 4. The functionality of the card can bereliability at the construction site and also looking extended to workers’ benefits - more value-at the contractor’s perspective of the RFID card added features such as salary payment,system as a whole. Touch ‘n’ Go, banking services, and many more are possible. 45
INGENIEURRECOMMENDATION & SUMMARY workers, the approach should be more top- down where the site management needs toGCSRS is one of the approaches for the CIDB enforce it.to move from a conventional manually operated ●● Site location and geography factor should bemethod to an online system. It provides added carefully considered for site reader placementvalue to the current services without ignoring the and also the need for multiple entry sitebenefits to the contractor. Such system is in line requirements.with Government initiatives in promoting paperless, ●● System design improvement in term offaster and efficient delivery. hardware and user-interactivity for better application at site condition. Based on the feedback received from the ●● The kiosk function needs to include moreresearch, GCSRS will bring more services and functionality and consideration for multi-process enhancement to the CIDB. With the language or voice enabled-command.inclusion of RFID in the card, the registration andrenewal process has been simplified by moving In order for RFID applications in thethe data key-in process to the applicant side and construction industry to be sustainable and tohence will significantly reduce the manpower in increase the level of acceptance among theprocessing forms. Furthermore the integration of industry players, the following factors need to bekiosks will provide a new platform to the client for considered:self registration and renewal at a convenient time ●● Develop a module of best practice for RFIDand allow greater future interactivity for the cardholder. As for the mobile reader implementation, application in the construction industry,the equipment will provide more efficient operating ●● Increase the level of expertise in RFID,procedures for the enforcement officers when ●● Improve the scope and effectiveness ofconducting construction site checking andconsequently minimize the fraudulent card issue. standardization, and ●● Foster a culture of innovation with respect to The pilot implementation of GCSRS hasreceived positive responses and feedback from the use of RFID.the site contractors. The integration of RFID, card GCSRS has great potential and benefit bothand site reader allows for proper and better sitemanagement in term of monitoring site workers. for CIDB Malaysia and contractors. It will be theBased on the data collected from the portal, the key to the future gateway in transforming theconnectivity between far-reach site and GCSRS landscape of the construction industry in parallelserver is not a major issue at all. In term of security, with the evolution of ICT.the safety of the equipment is guaranteed and freefrom vandalism with continuous monitoring from ACKNOWLEDGEMENTthe site management. The authors would like to express their gratitude to all respective parties who contributed their Further recommendations made during the time and effort in developing and providingstudy include: feedback during the pilot project especially to●● Online payment mechanism through web or Bahagian Pengurusan Maklumat & Bahagian Latihan Industri, CIDB Malaysia, CIDB Wilayah kiosk will promote green card self-registration Persekutuan and CIDB E-Construct Sdn Bhd. and self-renewal. This will reduce substantial workload on counter staff especially data key- REFERENCES in and hence increase efficiency.●● More service integration with other Government Final R&D Report – Green Card Self-Regulation agencies to add more value to the RFID card. System (GCSRS)●● Site management is fully supporting the use of GCSRS system. However the system needs CoreRFID (2009), Construction & RFID: The to be more adaptable for site management ROI [White Paper]. Retrieved from http://www. attendance. corerfid.com/Files/White%20Papers/013%20●● To increase card tagging among the site Construction%20and%20RFID%20-%20The%20 ROI%20V2.pdf466 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
INNOVATION IN ELECTRICITY PROJECT REPORTSUPPLY VALUE CHAIN:SMART GRIDBy Dr Ir. Syed Ahmad Fuad Syed Abdul Hamid,Dr Leong Yow Peng & Ir. Loo Kok Seng,Tenaga Nasional BerhadSmart Grid is an integration of various tools and technologiesi.e. automation and ICT infrastructure to enable the grid tooperate more intelligently, efficiently and reliably. It alsooffers two-way communication between the utility andconsumers. Tenaga Nasional Bhd has taken steps towardimplementing Smart Grid since 2010.The urge for utilities to modernize their energy necessary for a number of new technology-driven networks is fast becoming evident nowadays. energy alternatives, emission reductions, supply The challenges of meeting growing demand and demand side management capabilities andfor electricity and environmental concerns are encourages energy efficiency by providing real-timeplacing increasing pressure on the infrastructure energy usage data to customers.of most utilities. The prevailing design philosophyfor the electricity grid is a legacy from a period SMART GRID IN TNBwhen energy was relatively cheap and plentiful Presently, most developed countries notablywhile meeting the rising demand was the leading United States, Europe, Australia, Japan, Korea anddriver. The energy industry is now at the point of Singapore have embarked on Smart Grid technologytransition into a new era where clean energy will spurred by the full support from Government bodiesbe at a premium, networks need to be flexible to as well as private sector organisations. Meanwhile,incorporate customers’ demand for greater insight developing nations such as Malaysia are stilland control over their own consumption and the expanding their grids and gradually embracing thisadvent of new low-carbon technologies. Inevitably, intelligent technology. The concept of Smart Gridutilities need to search for an intelligent electric envisioned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) iseco-system that can handle these challenges in a well illustrated in Figure 2.0 below which has thesustainable, reliable and economic way. following capabilities: Smart Grid is the evolution of current ●● Delivering energy more efficiently andelectrical grid, using new technologies to optimize reliably,the conservation and delivery of power. Itempowers customers by creating the foundation ●● Providing the capacity to integrate more renewable energy into existing networks, 47
INGENIEUR ●● Enabling customers to have greater acceptability of renewable energies and energy control of their usage pattern and storage systems. It can also provide high quality conservation, electricity to customers through demand side management and by improving the power system ●● Having considerable capacity to reduce stability with data gathered from many sensors, not global carbon emissions, to mention its ability to predict and deal with failures. ●● Providing the ability to manage increasing TNB has established the delineations of numbers of electric vehicles and charging Smart Grid as “upgrading the capability of the stations, and existing electric power grid by deploying more automation and ICT technologies to enable the ●● Simulating an array of new business grid to operate more efficiently, reliably and offer models in the energy sector. additional services to consumers to save money and reduce CO2 emissions”.Definition of Smart GridThere are various definitions of Smart Grid in Smart Grid Schemes in TNBthe literature, for example, Korean Electric Power Leveraging on the integration of automation,Corporation (KEPCO) defines Smart Grid as an technology, communication and IT applicationsintelligent power system that integrates existing on existing grid network, TNB envisions havinggeneration, transmission and distribution systems a smarter grid beyond 2020 which will have thewith information communications technology (ICT) following schemes:which enhances the efficiency of the energy supply,stabilizes the power system and increases the468 VVOOL 5585 AJPURNIEL 2–0J1U3NE 2014
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