IDEOLOGY

COLLECTIVISM Collectivism considers the needs of the group over the needs of the individual. Individuals depend on each other to take care of the common good. Cultural, linguistic and ethnic groups often work together to keep their language of traditions alive. It takes responsibility to maintain and some of the central values include collective interest, cooperation and economic equality. Francophones in Canada PRINCE ACRONYM: Public Property Responsibility Interest Norms Co-operation Economic

COMMUNISM/MARXISM Communism is an ideology where the collective is more important than the individual and that the well-being of the individual is in the hands of the government. Karl Marx was a socialist thinker who wrote “The Communist Manifesto” and discussed the failings of Capitalism. He believed that with revolution we could achieve a communist society where there are no classes and people share the production of goods. Miguel Dias-Canel is the current leader of Cuba and has been a member of the communist party since 2021. Some of the pros of communism in Cuba today include very little serious crime, rich sporting life and good universal literacy.

SOCIALISM Socialism is an economic system involving a high degree of government involvement. In the past we saw Scientific socialism and Utopian Socialism. Today Democratic Socialism still exists. Robert Owen (1771-1858) was among the first British industrialists to take responsibility for his workers. He embraced Utopian Socialism which is an ideology that promotes equality and perfection. He gave his workers basic health care, a democratic voice, markets with affordable and healthy food, and opened schools for children and adults. He found that if his workers were happy and well paid they would work harder and be able to buy the products that they were making. He recognized that without workers there would be no products to sell. “Man is the creature of circumstances.” - Robert Owen

LIBERALISM Liberalism is a political system based around liberitys, rights and freedoms. Classical liberalism was popular in 1800s Europe and was based on individual rights and freedoms as the basis of the economy. It is now more commonly referred to as capitalism. In the 18oos Laissez-faire capitalism was a result of classical liberalism and greeted a wide gap between the poor and the wealthy. Many socialist felt that the economic benefits of Classical liberalism were not being shared with most of the people in the society. It benefited people who were already wealthy such as business owners but negatively impacted workers. Adam Smith was a Scottish politician who strongly supported classical liberalism and a free-market economy. “The only fair is Laissez-faire” - Adam Smith ������������MODERN LIBERALISM Modern liberalism was developed over time to deal with the injustice created by capitalism. Free- market principles are combined with some government intervention to create what is called a mixed economy. A mixed economy is successful at regulating the boom and bust nature of the free-market business cycle and provides welfare programs. Some positive effects of modern liberalism include public education, public housing, unions and rights movements. Justin Truedau has been prime minister of Canada since 2015 and is a member of the liberal party.

INDIVIDUALISM The farther right on the spectrum the more extreme individualism is. Individualism is an ideology that strongly values the rights and freedoms of the individual over the needs of the collective. This ideology puts more focus on personal gain and entrepreneurship. Generally Individualistic societies have lower taxes which means less financial aid to low-income families. PRICES ACRONYM: Private Property Rule Of Law Individual Rights And Freedoms Competition Economic Freedom Self Interest

������������CONSERVATISM Conservatism is a political ideology that is committed to traditional values and opposes change. Some key values of conservatism are free enterprise and private ownership. John Stewart Mill (1806-1873) Embraced conservative values such as freedom to individuals as long as their actions did not violate others freedom. “Liberty consists in doing what one desires.” - John Stewart Mill

FASCISM Fascism is an Authoritarian dictatorship that involves extreme militaristic nationalism and rule of elites. It rejects liberalism, socialism and communism. There is often organized violence, scapegoating and beliefs of a superior race or nation. Around 1925 in Germany, Hitler created Nazism, a form a Fascism that ensured the support of the German people. However, he took away their rights and freedoms. Germans' freedoms were limited and they did not have a place in society unless they were serving the state. Hitler was more interested in scapegoating than preserving rights and freedoms. He persecuted Jewish people, disabled people, communists, feminists and socialists. It is belived over 14 million people were killed during the Holocaust. “Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism because it is a merger of state and corporate power” ― Benito Mussolini