Body Systems Flip Book By. Sam Alexander
Table of Contents 1. Title 2. Table of contents 3. Integumentary System 4. Nervous System 5. Special Senses 6. Cardiovascular System 7. Respiratory System 8. Digestive System 9. Urinary System10. Reproductive11. Picture Citations12. Picture Citations 2
Integumentary System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function ● Your skin helps protect your body from UV rays ● Your integumentary system regulates your body temperature ● Because of your integumentary system, your body produces vitamin D ● Your skin excrete salt, example is when you sweat ● Your skin stores needed materials Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= z5VnOS9Ke3g Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● My/o- muscle ● myel/o- marrow, spinal cord ● oste/o- bone ● cost/o- rib ● crani/o- skull ● -plegia- paralysis, stroke ● -pexy- to fix or secure ● chondr/o- cartilage Table of Contents
Key Terms● Epimysium- layer of fascia that separates the muscle into bundles of musclefibers● Sarcolemma- cell wall of the muscle cell● Myofilament- contractile proteins, actin and myosin, of muscle cells● Transverse tubules- channels within the muscle cell containing fluid totransmit nerve impulses to the z band● Motor unit- consists of motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls● Static Contraction- muscle contractions occur with no movement● Antagonist- the muscle that performs the opposite movement to the agonist● Fixator- muscles that act to stabilize a body part so that another muscle canact on an adjacent limb or body part● ATP- main energy source that cells use for most of their work● Muscle contraction- shortening or tensing of a muscle Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Hernia- condition where part of an organ is deplaces and goes through the wall cavity ● Tendonitis- inflammation of the tendon ● Sprain- twist of the ligaments violently to cause pain and swelling but not a dislocation ● Fibromyalgia- chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness Table of Contents
Health Careers ● Orthopedic Surgeon- treats injuries involving bones, joints, muscles, and tendons ● Sports medicine- treats sports related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles Table of Contents
Nervous System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function● Responsible for the transmission of nerve cells● Controls the body and communication among its parts Video: https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=1-wsFt2UmoM Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● neur/o- nerve ● encephal/o- brain ● myel/o- bone marrow, spinal cord ● ambul/o- walking ● -esthesia/o- sensation ● mening/o- meninges, membranes ● psych/o- mind ● concuss/o- shaken together Table of Contents
Key Terms ● Dendrites- cytoplasmic projections that carry impulses to the cell body ● Axons- carry impulses from the cell ● Neurilemma- thin cellular membrane ● Microglial- phagocytic properties, may become very active during times of infection ● Neurons- transmit impulses, identified by the direction the impulses travel ● Menings- 3 covering provide protection to the brain ● Autonomis- regulates involuntary muscles and glands ● Spinal cord- main pathway of transmission of information between the brain and body ● Synapse- message jumps from one neuron to another ● Sodium gate- proteins in membrane that allow sodium in Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Multiple Sclerosis- disease that damages the nerve in spinal cord and brain as well as the optic nerve ● Alzheimer's disease- progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions ● Parkinson's disease- a disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement ● Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS)- disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical functions Table of Contents
Health Careers ● Neuroscientist- general term for someone who studies the nervous system ● Psychiatrist- M.D. who diagnoses and treats mental disorders Table of Contents
Special Senses Table of Contents
Structures Table of Contents
Function ● Senses allow humans interpret their surroundings ● Being able to hear, see, smell, and taste are all possible because of this system Video: https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=D7XZg3IbYfU Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● irid/o- iris ● -cusis- hearing ● -opia- vision ● ot/o- ear ● tympan/o- eardrum ● opthalm/o- eye ● -metry- process of measuring Table of Contents
Key Terms ● Aqueous humor- clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris ● Choroid coat- interlaced with many blood vessels that nourish the eyes ● Cornea- circular , transparent part of the front sclera that allows light rays in the eye ● Iris- colored portion of the eye ● Lacrimal glands- produce tears, which constantly moisten and cleanse the eye ● Ossicles- 3 small bones in the middle of the ear that amplify sound waves ● Pinna- elastic cartilage covered by skin ● Pupil- opening in the center of the iris ● Sclera- outer most layer is tough connective tissue ● Vestibule- acts as the entrance to the two other parts of the inner ear Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Tinnitus- ringing or buzzing in the ears ● Bell Palsy- abrupt paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face due to dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve ● Color blindness- inability to distinguish one or more of the 3 colors red, green or blue ● Cataract- opacity of the crystalline lens of the eye Table of Contents
Health Careers ● Ophthalmologist- MD who specializes in eye and vision care ● Optician- technicians trained to design, verify, and fit eye glass lenses and frames, contact lenses, and other devices to correct eyesight Table of Contents
Cardiovascular System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function ● Blood circulates through the body to provide individual cells with oxygen and nutrients and helps dispose of metabolic waste. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= -s5iCoCaofc Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● cardi/o- heart ● angi/o-vessel, blood or lymph ● hem/o, hemat/o- blood ● Brady- slow ● Tachy- fast ● thromb/o-clot ● -emia- blood condition ● Leuk/o- white ● erythr/o- red Table of Contents
Key Terms ● Mediastinum- space between the lungs where the heart lies ● Atria- Receiving chambers, blood comes into the heart ● Ventricles- bottom chambers of the heart that send out blood ● Aorta- largest artery in the body that sends out oxygenated blood to the body ● Capillary- a tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange ● Blood vessels- blood travels throughout your body in hollow tubes ● Veins- blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart ● Pulmonary circulation- circulation between the heart and lungs ● Artery- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart ● Valves- flaplike structures that are located between the atria and ventricles Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Heart attack- condition in which the blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, which causes heart cells to die ● Stroke- when a blood vessel in the brain comes clogged or ruptures ● Mitral Valve prolapse- the valve between your left upper and lower chambers doesn’t close right ● Aortic stenosis- your aortic valve narrows Table of Contents
Health Careers ● Cardiologists- combating diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular system ● Cardiovascular technician- uses imaging technology to help diagnose cardiac diseases in patients Table of Contents
Respiratory System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function ● Gas exchange, moving air, production of sound, assist smell, and protects respiratory surfaces Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1 YtXc_84A Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● bronch/o- bronchus ● cyan/o- blue ● laryng/o- larynx ● -oxia- condition of oxygenation ● Oxy- intense, sharp ● pleur/o- pleura ● pneum/o- air ● pulmon/o- lung ● thorac/o- trachea ● tracheo- trachea Table of Contents
Key Terms ● Conducting portion- nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles ● Alveoli- air-filled pockets within the lungs where most all gas exchange takes place ● Pharynx- common passageway for food, liquids, and air; aka throat ● Larynx- cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; aka the voice box ● Bronchus- either of the two main branches of the trachea ● Mucus- traps particles in mucus before they reach delicate alveoli ● Epiglottis- flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing ● Inhalation- breathing air into the lungs ● Exhalation- breathing air out of the lungs ● Respiratory rate- breath per minute Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Dyspnea- difficulty breathing ● Cystic Fibrosis- inheritable disease that affects not only the lungs but other systems producing mucous such as the digestive system ● Emphysema (COPD)- results in progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange ● Atelectasis- collapse of the lung Table of Contents
Health Careers● Respiratory Therapist- Work under a physician's supervisions to take care of patients with lung problems● Pulmonologists- specialized in diagnosing and treating patients with lung problems and diseases Table of Contents
Digestive System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function ● Digestion and absorption inside the human body. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5MH 6ddyi74 Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● cholecyst/o- gallbladder ● enter/o- intestine ● Col,o, colon/o- colon ● hepat/o- liver ● gastr/o- stomach ● or/o- mouth ● -pepsia- state of digestion ● chol/o- bile ● proct/o- anus and rectum Table of Contents
Key terms ● Cecum- pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine ● Flatulence- the presence of excessive gas in the digestive tract ● Glycogen- polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver ● Ptyalin- salivary amylase converts starches to simple sugars ● Rugae- wrinkle in the stomach that allows for size changes in the stomach ● Alimentary canal- entire digestive tube from the mouth to the anus ● Esophagus- the passage between the pharynx and the stomach ● Pancreatic Duct- conducts pancreatic juice from pancreas to duodenum of small intestine ● Ileum- end portion of small intestine ● Large Intestine- water is removed before eliminating waste Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Appendicitis- acute inflammation of the appendix usually resulting from an obstruction and infection ● Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder ● Cirrhosis- chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue ● Hemorrhoids- painful dilated varicose vein of the rectum and or anus Table of Contents
Health Careers ● Gastroenterology- medical specialty most concerned with diseases and conditions of the digestive system ● Oncologist- specialties in surgical and non- surgical treatment of cancers Table of Contents
Urinary System Table of Contents
Structure Table of Contents
Function ● Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGYd 1wrTgE Table of Contents
Vocabulary ● -cele- tumor; hernia ● -lysis- breakdown, loosening ● cyst/o- cyst, gallbladder ● nephr/o- kidney ● ren/o- kidney ● -uria- presence in the urine ● -pexy- fixation ● -ectasis- dilation ● pyel/o - renal pelvis Table of Contents
Key Terms ● Arteriole- small artery ● Catheter- tube for injecting or removing fluids ● Cortex- outer layer of the kidney ● Electrolyte- solution that conducts electricity ● Hilium- entrance for renal artery and vein ● Meatus- opening or canal ● Medulla- inner part of an organ or structure in plant and animal ● Reabsorption- process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel ● Urea- major nitrogen waste product excreted in urine ● Urinary bladder- sac that holds the urine Table of Contents
Abnormal Conditions ● Urinary tract infection- bacteria makes their way into the digestive tract into the urinalysis system ● Interstitial cystitis- a chronic disorder also known as frequency-urgency-dysuria syndrome where your bladder become inflamed and irritated ● Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)- prostate becomes enlarged due to the growth of non-cancerous cells ● Kidney stones- solid deposit that occurs and It forms inside the kidney, out of substances found in urine Table of Contents
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