PES Wind 4 2018

THINK TANKclimate, please see Trajectories of the Earth power generation technologies of the future the climate, but only when based on a lowerSystem in the Anthropocene, where an – which is important, as power generation and ultimately emissions free power sector.eminent international team of researchers contributes about 40% of energy-relatedexamines just how close we are to CO2 emissions, equivalent to about 25% of Boiling it down, there are four majortriggering positive feedbacks which will, to all greenhouse gas emissions, and is the problems in the energy sector yet to beparaphrase the article’s conclusions, land single largest source. solved: steel, cement, ships and airplanes.us in ‘Hothouse Earth’. While there is progress on all fronts The critical questions that remain are two: towards removing the process emissionsHowever, the main difference between the one, how quickly can we transition to zero from both steel and cement manufacture,debate now and that of 30 years ago is that emissions power sector dominated by wind assuming the heat is provided by electricnow we have the technology to solve the and solar; and how much of the rest of the arc furnaces, it is not fast enough, andproblem – back then we didn’t – and a big economy can we electrify, and how quickly? needs to be incentivized. Likewise, withpart of that is wind energy. When I say, both ships and planes…we have short haul‘solve the problem’, I mean the problem ‘Electrification’ of just about everything that electric airplanes in the test phase, withwith energy-related CO2 emissions which is can be electrified seems to be the order of some European countries in the vanguard,by far the largest source of man-made the day, with the dramatic rise of electric having targets for domestic short haulgreenhouse gases, about 65%. We’ll leave road transport as well as a host of flights to be electrified within a decade orthe other 35% for another discussion. appliances and tools which formerly relied so…and ferries and river barges are being on liquid fossil fuels. Increasing use of shifted to batteries in both Europe andWith cratering prices and dramatic electricity for low temperature heating for China. But there is still some way to go fortechnological improvements over the past industry, buildings and the residential trans-oceanic shipping and air cargo…decade wind (and solar) energy are hailed sector is on the rise, along with heat pumps There are options which need to be rapidlyin all major scenarios, as the dominant in various configurations. This is a boon to explored, developed and deployed, all of which can be powered by cheap, ubiquitous wind and solar. One potential solution, which has achieved a lot of attention of late, has been the use of ammonia created through electrolysis as both a transport and heating fuel, as well as a storage medium. Unlike hydrogen, which is difficult and expensive to store and transport, we have vast experience of handling ammonia and it can be done efficiently and cheaply. This may be a big part of the solution to the problems that at this stage seem, to be difficult to solve with electricity and/or battery storage directly. A market in transformation What we are seeing across the globe is a transformation of markets for wind power, away from the support schemes that gave birth to the industry. Wind is taking its place as a purely commercial technology, increasingly operating without subsidies or support mechanisms. Competing, one might add, with incumbents which are heavily subsidized to the tune of hundreds of billions (low estimate) to trillions of dollars per year, depending on what is included. But that also is a discussion for another time. The point is that the phrase ‘renewables are too expensive’ can now disappear forever. Whatever ideologues might have to say about it, the marketplace has spoken and we are in the process of adjustment to a direct market-driven competition, for the future of the energy system. Policy will also play a role, and it must play a stronger role if we are to avoid the worst ravages of climate change; regardless, we are in a time when it makes extraordinary sense to invest in renewables, and it makes little sense to invest in anything else. However, this transformation is taking its toll on the annual market size for wind power. ‘Policy gaps’ between the new and old systems mean that some markets were www.peswind.com 51

THINK TANKBac Lieu wind electric power planton something of a bumpy ride in 2016 and Probably. Will Russia and Saudi Arabia that the increase in the rate of change in2017 and that will continue for another year finally begin to reach their potential and energy markets will continue to accelerateor two (longer in a few markets, including provide rapidly growing major new markets in the coming years. We can make thethe world’s largest, in China) until the kinks for the industry? Perhaps. What about change ourselves, or else see the climateare worked out of the new systems. Vietnam, the Philippines and the rest of the change in ways which will make our Earth a Southeast Asia? rather inhospitable place indeed.The future The only thing that we can say for certain is www.gwec.netAlongside the cratering prices for wind and Puget Energysolar power, other aspects of thetransformation are proceeding apace. Thedramatic uptake in EVs is one of them.Although it is as of yet limited to just a fewmarkets, the rate of increase is beyond thewildest projections of just a couple of yearsago. Likewise, the precipitous drop in theprice of battery storage is another game-changer. One result of that is what hasbeen talked about for many years, butwhich is only now appearing in reality:wind/solar hybrid plants with batterystorage. We have examples underconstruction in Australia and India, and wewill see much more in the coming years,with the combination enabling powerdelivery 24/7 for most of the year.What does all this mean for wind markets in2018-2022? Well, from where we sit today,it will mean a more or less flat market for2018, a return to rapid growth in 2019 and2020, and tapering off a bit after that,following the rush to install prior to thevarious deadlines coming up in key marketsin 2020. Will there be unforeseen surprises?52 PES Wind

energyperformanceRwedinefidnineg nergy> megawindforce.com

THINK TANKIndia and the renewableenergy challengeIndia has been witnessing an unprecedented surge in the installation of solar plants since theannouncement of the National Solar Mission in 2010. With more than 25GW of installedcapacity as on August 2018, the country is chasing the ambitious target of 100 GW Solar PVinstallations by the year 2022. With increasing installations on land and rooftops, the emergingfocus area is to put the untapped vast area of waterbodies to good use. India has 91 majorreservoirs with more than 75% of these reservoirs located in the sunny Southern, Westernand Central regions.Installation of solar PV plants on water bodies plants e.g. Less frequent cleaning of supporting the installed equipment. Thislike lakes, man-made and natural reservoirs, panels and practically no vegetation can be constructed from various materialsindustrial ponds and fish farms could be growth control. like Ferro-cement, Fibre-reinforced plasticattractive due to the following reasons: (FRP) etc., the most common being But, shifting of the installation to water High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The1. The scarcity of large land areas for throws open additional challenges in terms cost of the floaters is proportional to the installation which, in some cases has led of cost, site complexities, safety, design life occupied surface. Hence, it is important to to cultivable lands being sacrificed for and equipment warranties, long-term effect have a modular arrangement to achieve installation of solar plants. on biodiversity etc. as outlined below. maximum generation with minimum cost, reduce logistics issues and optimize2. Increasing price trend of land. Groundwork assembly at site.3. Optimal use of evacuation infrastructure, As in the case of any installation, properly Proper structural design will entail e.g.: near hydel projects. carried out groundwork goes a long way to simulations to assess the dynamic stresses ensuring successful implementation. via wind tunnel tests or computational fluid4. R euse options for abandoned areas like dynamics (CFD) modeling to determine the mines, quarries etc. A floating plant consists of three main forces expected on the floats, the components – the floaters, pontoons or connections, and anchoring system.5. Conservation of water by reduced rafts, on which the modules are installed, evaporation. the anchoring, or mooring system and the The system is generally fixed by anchoring main equipment and balance of systems to the bottom of the waterbody, mooring to6. L imiting algae growth through reduced - modules, inverters, combiner boxes, the shore or using a combination of both. sunlight penetration into water. cables etc.. Water level variations are particularly important owing to seasonal variations in7. Improved generation from PV plants due The floaters must meet the buoyancy rain, size, and usage of the water body. The to lower module temperatures. requirements to float on water while8. Possible maintenance cost reduction of54 PES Wind

THINK TANKcost and complexity of the anchoring • Apv is the PV module front surface different incidence angles and lightsystem increase with the depth of water, exposed to the solar radiation (m²). absorption property of water. The effect ofwind speed, water currents, water level evaporative cooling on the modulesvariations and structure of basin edges. A typical PV module installed in India depends largely on the size of water body, converts an average of 10-22% of the type of floats employed and the extent ofIt is also important to consider the water incident solar energy into electricity, water surface coverage beneath thequality, e.g. salty or fresh, still or turbulent depending upon the type of solar cells, type modules. Overall improvements from 10%water, temperatures, water freezing during of installation and climatic conditions. The to 25% [1,2] in generation as compared towinter and the possibility of typhoons or rest of the incident solar radiation is land-based PV systems have been reportedsimilar extreme wind events. converted into heat, which significantly for some early floating installations, but as increases the temperature of the PV module. variation may be large, site specific gain, ifA bathymetry survey along with water The power output of a module reduces with any, would require a detailed assessment.current measurements and analysis of soil increased module temperature.sample from the waterbed is required as a The long-term degradation and Potentialminimum. Apart from this, long-term data is The generation from the modules installed Induced Degradation (PID) of modulesalso relevant, e.g. water level variation of on waterbodies is expected to be generally installed on water are less known, primarilyany dam will highly depend on the intake of higher than classic installations due to the due to lack of data. Depending on thewater through catchment area and dam cooling effect of water and wind and location, the generation could also bewater management system which cannot reduced shading due to the open and flat negatively impacted by bird droppings andbe captured by short-term measurements. environment. It is also worth noting that fog or mist over the waterbody in the albedo from water surface could be lower morning and evening, especially duringIt is also pertinent to consider the due to change in water reflectivity at winter months.biodiversity at the site to decide on thetype of floats and the extent of coverage ofthe surface.Logistics could become particularlychallenging depending on the site. Hence,the assessment of accessibility, area of thelaunching site and distance to gridevacuation points are important.Energy generationThe conversion efficiency of a PV module isgiven by the ratio between the generatedelectrical power and the incident solarradiation intensity, according to thefollowing expression:nel= [Pmax / (S x Apv)] x 100%where• nel is the electrical efficiency (%),• P max is the power generated by PV module (W),• S is the solar radiation incident on the PV module (W/m²) and www.peswind.com 55

THINK TANKMaterials and components timelines are generally expected to be influenced by the following: faster compared to ground-mountedThe choice of materials should be done systems. The floats are designed to have a 1. Reduced water consumption andresponsibly keeping in mind design life, modular design which can be assembled frequency of cleaning.ecological sustainability and cost. To avoid on land and then deployed into the waterleaching into the water, non-toxic, UV without the use of complex machinery. The 2. P ractically no vegetation control.resistant and chemically stable materials modular design also gives the dimensional However, water plants and weeds couldare desirable. They should also be flexibility and mechanical versatility to pose issues at some sites.completely recyclable after adapt to the actual site conditions anddecommissioning of the plant. better quality control during production. 3. Reduced civil maintenance costs. However, the maintenance of the floats,Corrosion is another important issue to be But each site could pose unique connections and anchoring systemaddressed as the components are constantly challenges, for e.g. difficult access to the are added.in an environment which accelerates the launching site, soft soil around a newconditions for electrochemical reactions. reservoir, a small area of the launching site, 4. R educed security needs, but increasedMarine grade cables should be installed for undulated water bed, high water level safety needs.carrying the power, especially if they are variations etc. Safety of personnel is also aintended to be submerged. concern, most probable being drowning 5. More frequent inspections and periodic and electrocution. maintenance of equipment could beWarranties of the components, especially necessary to identify system degradationsolar modules, and inverters must be given Since the floating concept is fairly new, there in terms of corrosion, material fatigue,due consideration. Higher ingress is a lack of standards to address issues such aging etc.protection (IP) ratings and conformal as grounding. Marine grounding methodscoatings could be adopted. It would also could be explored. The increased corrosion 6. C lose monitoring for loose mechanicalbe interesting to understand the effects of of the electrodes also needs to be suitably and electrical connections which canthe dynamic forces and vibrations that the factored and managed. cause DC arcing and electrical fires dueequipment would be subjected to, in to the constant movement of the floatingnormal operation. An environmental impact assessment platform. needs to be conducted to assess theThere is an immediate need for standards changes to the natural ecosystem at the 7. The impact of improper maintenance onto be formulated for floating applications. site and water quality. The impact of a the overall availability of the plant couldThe adequacy of the current test methods sudden lack of sunlight on biodiversity in be higher.of components is also to be reassessed. these water bodies is often raised as a potential problem. Closing RemarksConstruction, safety, and maintenance Overall, the maintenance costs could be Renewable energy is no doubt theWith floating installations, the installation environment-friendly answer to a heavily coal-dependent world. According to a study by GTM Research, there is a 1.3GW pipeline of floating PV projects globally slated for completion by 2019 [3]. There is an urgent need to capitalize on the experience gained from the existing installations and translate them in the form of standards and guidelines to be followed by the ‘floatovoltaics’ segment. While tendering strategies such as reverse auction will help drive the cost competitiveness of the systems, the risk of quality compromised sub-standard installations could jeopardize the purpose. www.dnvgl.com/energy/index.html References: [1] C hoi, Y.-K. and N.-H. Lee. Empirical Research on the efficiency of Floating PV systems compared with Overland PV Systems. Conference proceeding of CES-CUBE, 2013. [2] Trapani, K.; Redón-Santafé, M. (2015). A review of floating photovoltaic installations: 2007-2013. Progress in Photovoltaics. 23(4):524-532. doi:10.1002/pip.2466. [3] Ben Gallagher (March 2018). GTM Research: Solar Technology Snapshot: Floating PV Systems: Is This A Real Thing?56 PES Wind

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PES ESSENTIALA pioneering project15 years in the makingThe much-celebrated inauguration of Vattenfall’s European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre(EOWDC) was a day 15 years in the making for the energy industry. PES brings you a uniquereport on this exciting, innovative project, not least because of the enormous challenges which hadto be overcome and the awareness, ethos and on-going research into the environmental effects.Originally conceived by Aberdeen one was installed in a little over 2.5 hours in to generate up to 8.8MW and the other nineRenewable Energy Group (AREG) back in what is believed to be the world’s fastest turbines have a capacity of 8.4MW.2003, the pioneering EOWDC is now wind turbine foundation installation.generating clean energy off the coast of the First power from the 93.2MW EOWDC wasGranite City. On September 7, Scotland’s The construction phase involved using one exported onshore via 66kV cabling on theFirst Minister, Nicola Sturgeon and of the globe’s largest and most versatile first of July. The project is the first inVattenfall’s CEO Magnus Hall inaugurated floating cranes, the 25,000 tonne Asian Scotland to utilise these high voltageScotland’s largest offshore wind test and Hercules III, to carry out the heavy work. The cables resulting in less inter-array cabling,demonstration facility. Over 100 business image of the crane off the North-east coast less electrical loses and reducedleaders and dignitaries attended the provided an insight in to the scale of the construction costs. The clean electricityoffshore celebration which gave them the engineering and ambition of the project. generated by the wind farm is exported toopportunity to see the wind farm up close. Each of the 77m high suction buckets weigh the onshore substation at Blackdog, the equivalent of almost ten Boeing 747s and Aberdeenshire. A 92-tonne transformer atThrough a series of innovations and were installed in a single offshore lift by the the substation site converts the 66kVcutting-edge technologies, the 11-turbine Asian Hercules III. The process was virtually voltage to 132kV for transmission to SSE’sEOWDC will serve as a test and noiseless and delivered numerous substation in Dyce for connection to thedemonstration facility for offshore wind and environmental benefits. It allows for faster National Grid in Kintore.lead the drive towards generating and smarter installation; suction bucketcompetitive wind power globally. In what was jacket foundations provide a different option Adam Ezzamel, EOWDC project director ata major feat of engineering, all foundations for foundations at challenging sites and Vattenfall, said: ‘The EOWDC is supportingand turbines were installed in the North Sea decommissioning is easier as the installation the North-east of Scotland’s drive toover a period of just nine weeks. process can be reversed. diversify the North Sea and contributing to Aberdeen’s status as the energy capital ofFor the first time in the UK, steel suction The turbines at the EOWDC are the world’s Europe. From design through constructionbucket foundations were paired with the most powerful deployed and a single and continuing into the operations andworld’s most powerful turbines and rotation of the blades can power the maintenance phase, we have embraceddeployed on a commercial scale. Each of the average UK home for a day. Two of MHI innovations and challenged industryfoundations weighs approx.1,800 tonnes and Vestas’ V164 turbines have been enhanced standards while successfully deploying oil58 PES Wind

PES ESSENTIALand gas technology in offshore wind. As a know-how and collaborative working of is believed to be the first and largest of itstest and demonstration facility, the EOWDC everyone involved.’ kind. It is facilitating research in to thewill drive the growth of a global, low-cost Commitment to environmental research environmental effects of offshore wind in aoffshore wind industry, make the world As well as being a flagship renewables real-time environment. Research isgreener and move us closer to Vattenfall’s development for Scotland and the energy currently ongoing into monitoringultimate goal of a fossil fuel free future. sector, Vattenfall has created a scientific bottlenose dolphins, salmon, sea trout, sea research and monitoring programme to birds and communities and assessing their‘The innovations also enabled us to boost support understanding of offshore wind’s interactions with the wind farm. The firstthe capacity of the wind farm to 93.2MW – impact on the environment. The €3mn fund round of research groups to receive fundingthe equivalent of more than 70% of recipients of a share in the fund include:Aberdeen’s domestic electricity demand. EOWDC project director Adam EzzamelThroughout the EOWDC’s 20-year lifespan,the wind farm is expected to displace anaverage of 130,000 tonnes of CO2 per year– the equivalent of annually removing over35,000 cars from the UK’s roads.‘Each 80m blade is slightly taller thanScotland’s famous Wallace Monument andthe 164m rotor has a diameter larger thanthat of the London Eye,’ said Ezzamel.He credited the support of partners andthe project team with deliveringconstruction swiftly and safely. ‘It hasbeen a monumental effort from Vattenfalland a host of supporters including theScottish Government, AREG and CrownEstate Scotland to make this project areality. Throughout construction, our teamand contractors had to overcomenumerous challenges including aninhospitable seabed and inclementweather. For the milestones of this projectto have been achieved in such a shorttimescale is a testament to the engineering www.peswind.com 59

PES ESSENTIALAsian Hercules III lifts the suction bucket jacket foundation from Peterhead PortThe River Dee Trust, Aberdeenshire, and offshore wind on the human environment. ‘The programme will reinforce Scotland’sMarine Scotland Science which is The project will analyse the socio-economic reputation as leaders in research andassessing the interactions between salmon effects of the EOWDC from the development and has the potential to unlockand sea trout with offshore wind construction stage through to operations to valuable information on offshore wind and itstechnology. The project aims to help help better understand how offshore wind relationship with the environment. It may alsoprovide unknown information on the extent developments can maximise the benefits to inform and benefit industry and policymakingto which offshore wind farms influence the region and local communities. around the world.’ said Ezzamelsalmon and sea trout. Magnus Hall and Nicola SturgeonSMRU Consulting and the University ofSt Andrews, both St Andrews who areworking collaboratively to improve theunderstanding of bottlenose dolphinmovements along the east coast ofScotland. The project involves undertakinga comprehensive study of bottlenosedolphin movements throughout thedevelopment and part of the operationalphase of the EOWDC to offer greater insightinto bottlenose dolphins.MacArthur Green, Glasgow is measuringconnectivity between auk special protectionareas populations and offshore wind farmsand tracking non-breeding seasonmovements of adult auks. As such, theproject aims to demonstrate that this couldreduce future uncertainty in impactassessments and improve understanding ofhow auks engage and co-exist with offshorewind farms. This project will fund a PhDstudent to work with the research team.Oxford Brookes University, Oxford isassessing the socio-economic impact of60 PES Wind

PES ESSENTIALA lasting legacy for local people The Asian Hercules III with the first suction bucket jacket foundation in Aberdeen BayThrough the EOWDC, Vattenfall is Vattenfall has invested more than £300mn ambition of Scottish and UK governmentscommitted to securing a lasting legacy in in taking the EOWDC from vision to reality. to transform the energy and transportthe offshore wind industry, for the The successful completion of the project, sectors, gives us confidence in our UKenvironment and the communities of the which was also supported by a €40mn future. As we forge new partnerships inNorth-east of Scotland. The developer has grant from the European Union, means the heat, e-mobility, retail, power distributionpartnered with several local organisations Swedish energy group’s total UK operating and wind over the next ten-years we will bein recent years and has established a wind capacity has crossed the one- at the forefront of the UK’s decarbonisationcommunity benefit scheme to deliver £3mn gigawatt milestone. of energy.’over the lifespan of the project. The ‘Unlockour Future’ fund aims to enable community The group’s CEO and President Magnus https://corporate.vattenfall.co.uk/empowerment and improve quality of life in Hall says Vattenfall is in Britain to grow. projects/wind-energy-projects/the North-east of Scotland. Local ‘The success of our wind power european-offshore-wind-deployment-champions have formed a decision panel to investments over the past decade, and the centre/establish the scheme and will beresponsible for annually distributing theallocated £150,000 per year.Calls for proposals will be in Autumn 2018and the fund criteria is based on localfeedback which has been analysed byleading renewable energy fund expert Dr.Claire Haggett. £15,000 per year will go thepeople of Blackdog where the substation islocated and Ezzamel expects the benefitsof the scheme to be felt long after its20-year lifespan.‘Vattenfall has a strong track record indeveloping community benefit programmeswhich deliver real value to local people andthough this is our first scheme of this naturefor an offshore wind farm, we expect theEOWDC fund to be no different,’commented Ezzamel. ‘Given the ground-breaking nature of the project and theentrepreneurial spirit of the North-east, wehope to attract innovative projects whichwill have a lasting impact.’Vattenfall EOWDC turbines 2 www.peswind.com 61

TALKING POINTFight the climate change –wind energy leads the wayOur climate is changing. Extreme weather events will become the new standard, temperaturesare rising around the globe. Only a few degrees more already means immense consequencesfor ecosystems, economic sectors and human health across Europe and worldwide. The WWFanalyzed that climate change causes around half of all animal and plant species, in the world’smost important natural regions, to be threatened in the medium term. Holger Gassner The European Environmental Agency gets to can only be limited by the reduction of the heart of the matter: ‘Essential for the emissions – this has to happen already now62 PES Wind generation of industrial, commercial and and in all industries. Sector coupling is the social wealth, energy also provides personal key word: The term is used to describe the comfort and mobility. But its production and increasing interconnection between the consumption place considerable pressures energy sectors of electricity, heat and on the environment: greenhouse gas and air mobility. The electricity industry is pollutant emissions, land use, waste responsible for only about 40 percent of generation and oil spills. These pressures CO2 emissions. Traffic and the heat sector contribute to climate change, damage each contribute a further substantial share. natural ecosystems and the man-made If global warming is to be slowed down, environment, and have adverse effects on these sectors must also contribute to the human health.’ needed CO2 emissions reduction,’ explains Holger Gassner, Head of Renewables Much of the observed and predicted Strategy & Technology and Regulatory changes can be directly linked to human Affairs at innogy SE. greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases exert a significant influence on global The EU has committed to reducing warming. An actively promoted development emissions of climate-damaging greenhouse of renewable energy is one of the main gases by at least 40% by 2030. ‘To reach means to curb this dramatic change. this goal all sectors and countries must work together. Flows of electricity do not Green electricity only works together stop at country borders, nor does climate change. The basic need for electricity as ‘The negative impacts of climate change

TALKING POINTwell as future well-being of society thus the climate change. being considered for wind on land.require cross-border approaches ofcollaboration. Neither one country nor one According to WindEurope this makes also Acceptance is key: partnerships ascompany or city can fight climate change economic sense; onshore wind is one of the drivers of renewablesalone,’ adds Holger. cheapest forms of new power generation in Europe today and costs for offshore wind is But how can we undertake further windGood wind news rapidly reducing. Moreover, wind energy is projects? a driver for European economies: TheAnd further: ‘The good news: policies that are business of producing, installing and ‘Acceptance is key for new projects. Beingaware of climate change are policies that are operating wind turbines supports over a trusted partner is the basis forin favor of renewable energy.’ All European 330,000 quality high-skilled jobs. acceptance. If in addition, you offercountries are responding to the threats of partnerships to companies, cities,climate change and have made a number of Going back to our example of Germany: So municipal utilities or citizens directly, youcommitments, including the expansion of far, more than a third of the electricity have a win-win situation,’ explains Holger.renewable energies. An example: according consumption in Germany is green. Thereof,to estimates, German electricity generation wind power covers 18.8 percent of Germany’s In Germany, innogy carried out somefrom renewable energies would have to gross electricity consumption. Almost 30,000 onshore wind projects in whichincrease from 200 terawatt hours (TWh) wind turbines are installed just in Germany municipalities took over project shares. Thetoday to at least 800 TWh in 2050. This with an installed capacity of 56 Gigawatts, city of Bedburg holds a 49 per cent share ingrowth in turn makes renewable technologies according to the German Wind Energy the Königshovener Höhe wind farm. Theeven more competitive. For example, in the Association BWE. Most of the wind farms are income from this 67 megawatts projectlast eight years, wind power costs have fallen located in the Northern, often coastal part of flows directly into the city budget, whichby a quarter, according to the International Germany with high wind speeds. Thanks to also benefits citizens. And this helps localRenewable Energy Agency. That is why wind new technologies and suppliers, however, stakeholders to identify with ‘their’ projectenergy is one of the core technologies to fight more and more wind-weak regions are also which leads to more acceptance and support of new projects. www.peswind.com 63

TALKING POINT As many pennies make a pound, so About innogy SE Currently, we have a high profile in our agreements for smaller wind farms can help home market, Germany, followed by the to expand renewable energies: thus, when We creatively combine the energy from United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, innogy expanded an existing wind farm in our wind farms to work with our clients Poland and Italy. the North of Germany with three wind to develop the energy system of the turbines, the company developed a fourth, future. We are happy to undertake Our aim is to expand renewables in identical construction for the citizens. They projects in cooperation, storage and Europe further, both on our own and did this before in close cooperation with the market green energy, whilst taking care working with partners. We believe that municipality. It was sold to a community of the grid, which is the backbone of the working together in this way is the key to wind farm management company, where the energy transition. Our claim is making energy transition a success. summer countries have subscribed shares. ambitious. We want to inspire our customers and partners. In renewable power generation innogy A perfect example for managing huge has a total capacity of 3.9 gigawatts. renewable projects via partnerships is innogy SE is a leading German energy With an installed capacity of more than Triton Knoll: In August 2018 innogy found company, with revenue of around €43 925 megawatts in offshore wind and two new partners for the UK offshore wind billion (2017), more than 42,000 with over 2100 megawatts in onshore farm with a planned installed capacity of employees and activities in 16 countries wind, innogy is one of the major 860 megawatts. The company sold a 41 per across Europe. With its three business operators in Europe. cent stake to Japanese companies J-Power segments Renewables, Grid & and Kansai Electric Power. Offshore Infrastructure and Retail innogy At the moment our focus is on the construction is expected to start in late addresses the requirements of a modern, continued expansion of our activities in 2019 and, according to current planning, decarbonised, decentralised and digital wind power. That’s why, in addition to our commissioning is expected to start in 2021. energy world. core markets, we are already active in new markets such as the USA and Ireland. Holger summarizes: ‘In order to increase We plan, build and operate plants to the acceptance and the amount of generate power and extract energy from Another growth technology is the environmentally friendly electricity, we need renewable sources. Our portfolio construction of utility-scale photovoltaic more partners and wind farm owners as includes wind and hydro power plants as power plants - for example in Australia. well as other renewable technologies, to well as solar and biomass plants. tackle the energy future with us. innogy is www.innogy.com open to new partnerships, projects and collaboration to meet the energy and climate goals of the future.’64 PES Wind

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TALKING POINT Restrictions on turbine performance data: are current practices anti- competitive? Words: Sam Wharton, Product Owner, Monitoring Technologies at ONYX InSight66 PES Wind

TALKING POINTAs recent zero-subsidy projects show, the cost of wind energyis decreasing at an impressive rate. Nonetheless, productionand maintenance costs remain high compared with rivalsectors. One key route to decreasing overheads is the effectiveuse of performance data. In many similar industries, data isused to streamline maintenance systems and reduce O&Mcosts through real-time management and predictive systems.However, in the wind industry turbine require large datasets to function Samuel Whartonperformance data is often unavailable, effectively. Machine learning-basedmeaning owners and operators are not free to systems, for example, become more It has been argued that this data containsmake use of data-based efficiency increases. accurate as more data is received. In sensitive design IP. However, the data general, effective predicative maintenance required for O&M (SCADA, CMS, oil, etc.)By far the largest contributor to OPEX costs is contingent on an uninterrupted stream of can be clearly differentiated from OEMin the wind industry is O&M-related readable, high-quality data. design data (drawings, CAD/CAM files, loadexpenditure, the majority of which is calculations, etc.), as Figure 2 shows.caused by unplanned maintenance (see Despite this, the data necessary for suchFigure 1). Reducing the expenses that result systems is not always readily available. Often, If we look at the automotive industry, there isfrom unplanned maintenance will be key to data that was assumed to be accessible an interesting example that may offerfurther reducing the overall levelized cost of turns out not to be, and data that was known parallels to the situation within the windenergy (LCoE). Within the industry, there is to be accessible is, on closer inspection, industry. A couple of decades ago, cargrowing acceptance that the best way to encrypted. There is no clear approach to datareduce unplanned maintenance is to switch access across suppliers: some providersfrom a reactive approach to a more allow owner and operators substantialpredictive regime, using data-based access to data, while others restrict accessapproaches to better anticipate and to a subset of highly-processed data or evenrespond to maintenance issues. restrict access completely. Using access to CMS data as one example from among theMany, if not all, owners and operators are many data feeds produced by a wind turbine,already investing in predictive maintenance Table 1 in Figure 2 illustrates the extent tosolutions, such as improved SCADA data which hardware providers limit access toanalytics, condition monitoring systems CMS data.(CMS), and oil monitoring. Such techniquesFigure 1. Average values representative of US OPEX distribution. Other OPEX includes legal services, consultants, fees. Source: MAKE www.peswind.com 67

TALKING POINTFigure 2. Data access restriction (left) and clarification on O&M vs design data (right).companies introduced new Engine specific business sectors. The Going forwards, we should look for aManagement Systems (EMS). The new EMS consequences depend on the application collaborative effort to avoid data accesscould only be read by the manufacturers, of the competition law principles to the issues, starting with a careful review ofwhich meant that servicing was restricted to particular circumstances. In practice, a contracts to ensure they provide adequatecertain dealers. clause in a Turbine Supply Contract which access to the raw data necessary for has the effect of restricting the market for optimisation. During negotiations, ownersThis was deemed to be anti-competitive maintenance of the turbine is likely to be and operators should feel empowered to askunder competition law, and Repair and anti-competitive and unlawful. So too could themselves the key question: do I haveMaintenance Information (RMI) regulations be any behaviour in the market that access to all the data I need to run my assetwere brought in which forced the prevents the full access to data flows by efficiently? If they don’t, they should bemanufacturers to free up their data. Now any owner or operators. confident in asking for it. Equally, if an activecar can be serviced either by dealers or contract is blocking O&M data access itindependent garages, widening the range of As a quick illustration, let’s consider a could potentially be unlawful, in which caseoptions available to car owners. Leaders in company with multiple turbines that have legal counsel may be able to advise on thethe automotive industry came together to CMS from different OEMs and wishes to issue and provide a way forward.push for changes, which ultimately reduced centralise operational data. Suppose thatthe cost of running a car, and may serve as one OEM encrypts all data and demands an About ONYX InSightan example to the wind industry. Indeed, as annual maintenance fee to make their datait evolves and encounters new data available. According to Dr Sebastian Hack ONYX InSight is a joint venture,challenges, the automotive sector is at Osborne Clarke LLP, this behaviour may combining Romax Technology’s 30continuing to address the debate with a be seen as an abuse of a dominant position years of expertise in software, servicescollaborative, cross-industry approach. This that restricts the market. Certainly, there is and data analytics for gearbox,seems to be a good model for the wind a case to be made that the owner of the bearings and rotating machinery withindustry to follow. turbine should by right have all operational Castrol’s global reach and knowledge data needed to run the turbine efficiently. of wind turbine lubrication.Regarding the legal detail, competition law isintended to make markets function Sam Wharton is product owner for For asset owners in the wind energyeffectively. When attempting to interpret and ONYX’s fleetMONITOR predictive industry and beyond, ONYX InSightapply competition law, two key principles - analytics platform, which is used to delivers smart and unbiasedoutlined in the Treaty for the Functioning of monitor thousands of wind turbines predictive analytics, underpinned bythe EU - need to be considered: from around the world on a daily basis. real-world engineering expertise. This He holds a PhD from the University of results in improved operations and1. Anti-competitive agreements are unlawful Nottingham, with an academic maintenance performance, and (CA98 Ch I; Art 101). background in data processing and reduced OPEX costs. physics, and has extensive experience2. A buse of a dominant position is unlawful in wind industry data analysis and For more information, visit: (CA98 Ch 2; Art 102). predictive maintenance. www.onyxinsight.comThere is a detailed body of law, regulatoryguidance and policy on the types ofagreements covered by this Treaty and68 PES Wind

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ASK THE EXPERTSNew dedicatedweather company PES caught up with Carsten Kofoed, Managing Director & Hans Christian Hansen, Director of Operations at Vento Maritime, to find out more about this young company, with years of experience behind it. By following the weather and planning ahead it’s possible to make substantial savings in time and fuel and thus decrease costs. Offshore operators need to have an eye on the weather forecasts. Carsten Kofoed PES: Welcome to you both to PES Wind very interesting to work with, as we get to magazine. Thanks for talking with us. help improving their safety but at the same Hans Christian Hansen Would you like to begin by explaining a time make sure they optimise their time for little about the background and wind turbine maintenance.70 PES Wind experience of Vento Maritime and the importance of the wind industry to you? PES: It would be interesting for our readers to know about the different Carsten Kofoed & Hans Christian services you offer, please could you tell Hansen: Vento Maritime is a Danish us a little about them? weather service company, which we founded in Copenhagen in January 2017. CK & HCH: Overall, we offer three kinds of Together we have more than 20 years of services: Offshore Weather Service, experience in the maritime business, within Strategic Weather Routing and MetOcean meteorology, oceanography and Consultancy. operational MetOcean services. We are dedicated to helping maritime customers The Offshore Weather Service is tailor save time while, improving safety at sea. made for the industry and is based on our We are only into maritime weather. long experience. In fact all our various services are tailor made to fulfil the needs Our marine forecasters are dedicated of the offshore wind industry, partly thanks meteorologists and are all WMO-certified, to the Danish company Ørsted, a great and with years of experience in understanding loyal collaboration partner, when designing the needs of maritime customers. The team and adjusting the services. We always is passionate about excellent customer strive to meet our client’s needs, and service and the art of communicating therefore often make custom made meteorological and oceanographic products just for them. uncertainties, in order to provide timely, essential and accurate decision support to The MetOcean forecast data is based on our clients. high-resolution models from our partner, the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI). Our clients work within different kinds of All the different MetOcean parameters are maritime sectors: offshore renewable displayed in the Marine Forecast Service energy, shipping, oil & gas and marine web portal, which is a password protected transport, but the largest section is within web site hosted and provided by DMI. With the offshore wind industry, which we this service, detailed high-quality proudly serve. From a bit of a nerdier MetOcean forecast data are available for perspective, the offshore wind industry is specific locations, requested by our clients.

ASK THE EXPERTSMarine Forecast Service - graph safe ocean crossings, enhanced to save We provide tailor-made MetOcean analyses fuel and reduce CO2 emissions. Our route with detailed information about whatThe forecast graphs, tables and charts are suggestions are adjusted by considering all conditions to expect, including frequencyupdated four times a day and is available in relevant MetOcean parameters and are and extremes. Analyses are typically basedhourly resolution for the first 48 hours. The evaluated strategically, in accordance with on planned/tentative operational weatherDMI models are verified and validated on a projected weather developments 10-15 criteria, which gives precise statisticalregular basis - we believe that this is the days ahead. We provide both full voyage results of what time of year an operationbest way to improve forecast accuracy. service or on demand routing service for ad best is carried out. Furthermore, the hoc route advice. expected average duration of completion ofOur Site Forecasts and Transit Forecasts In our MetOcean Consultancy, we offer the operation is presented, along withare carefully prepared written forecasts, customised reports, where the result can worst-case and best-case scenarios.including the synoptic situation in terms of be used for optimum planning of anlows, highs and fronts, comments regarding upcoming offshore operation, or for PES: We would like to know more aboutconfidence level of the MetOcean forecasts evaluating a possible operation prior to a your Lightning Alert Service and howand thus, how reliable the displayed tendering process for a project. this benefit the end user?forecast data is. Marine Forecast Service - table CK & HCH: The Lightning Alert ServiceRemarks regarding relevant weather enables the client to launch the necessaryconditions, according to the client’s precautions and improve the safety at sea.operation, or transit criteria and therefore The operational procedures for this servicecomments on potential weather windows are developed in close cooperation withare also included. Ørsted’s Danish wind farms. We do not use commonly used automatic lightningThis kind of forecast is beneficial both for detection systems, which safety-wise is notsites like an OWF or a vessel in transit. The enough. These systems have some issues,duty marine forecaster will be up to date with but the most important is that it only alertsthe operational progress and will adjust the based on previous lightning strikes insteadwritten comments accordingly. We believe of forecasting high-risk periods, which willthat value is created in close dialogue at times obviously be too late if the firstbetween the client and the duty forecaster. lightning strike occurs over the site.Weather forecasts always come with a Our service setup does not only takedegree of uncertainty. The problem for detected lightning strikes into account.clients is to know how big that uncertainty Instead our trained marine meteorologistsis in a given situation. Just how predictable monitor and analyses the lightning potentialare the atmosphere and the oceans in a of near future developing thunderstormsparticular place at a particular time? We and communicate the risk to the client bothhelp our clients to evaluate this. by phone and email as swiftly as possible. Our aim is to improve safety whilst alsoWith our Lightning Alert Service, we actively optimising the use of weather windows.monitor for approaching thunderstorms andlightning strikes, and make every effort to For planning, we issue our Lightning Riskprovide an alert two hours in advance Matrix. The matrix displays a prediction ofbefore a high risk of lightning occurs. the likelihood of lightning two days inThe Strategic Weather Routing is routeoptimisation for to the global merchantfleet. The aim of our service is to ensure www.peswind.com 71

ASK THE EXPERTSadvance with red, yellow and green colours Marine Forecast Service - wind potential at operational sites.for high, medium and low risk respectively.It’s made after a thorough analysis of the PES: What makes Vento Maritime stand • W e have a high consistency, our service isweather development in the coming days, out from the competition, what added not dependent on who the duty forecasterto give the best possible evaluation, hour by value do you bring? is. This is due to the fact that we are ahour, of the lightning risk level expected in close-knit group, have team spirit and wethe area. CK & HCH: Besides the high-quality share knowledge and service adjustments forecast data for Northern Europe, we can quickly and effectively.Our clients often tell us that they feel we bring what some of our clients have told usare really watching their back and that they about our services: PES: Where do you operate and wherevalue the possibility of talking with a are the key markets for Vento Maritime?professional marine forecaster during • We have a highly flexible service to suitthese occasions. operational needs. CK & HCH: We mainly operate in Northern Europe (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Irish Sea,PES: We see you have been involved in • W e have a good understanding of wind Danish waters) where our forecast data hastransporting wind turbine generator farm work activities. the highest resolution and highest quality.parts. That sound interesting, please tell This is our key market, but we do also serveus more about some of the latest ones. • There is a net gain in available working some clients worldwide. time against real life decision making andCK & HCH: Last winter, we were pleased thus most likely often cost savings. PES: Have you noticed a change in theto support deugro and Siemens Gamesa needs of your clients over the last years,on a freight forwarding project, where wind • Our clients have a high confidence in our if so what are they and how have youturbine components from Siemens ability to pro-actively forecast lightning adapted your services to meet them?Gamesa were shipped from Denmark toNorthern Ireland – from Esbjerg and CK & HCH: Some of our OWF-clients areAalborg to Belfast. managing Leading Edge Protection (LEP) projects in their wind farm. As well asWe provided route decision support for the detailed wind forecasts for 50m and 100m,two good vessels, Rotra Mare and Rotra we also provide additional supportVente, as there was a choice of two – north regarding rain and humidity. And of course,or south of Great Britain. also our renowned Lightning Alert Service, which is crucial when using rope accessThe route decision depended on the workers when performing the LEP manuallyexpected weather conditions en route and – that’s a no-brainer.associated wave height restrictions, whichis why we were involved. We also helped PES: Looking ahead towards the endwith decision support and weather of 2018 and beyond, what trendsforecasting for loading and unloading in the and/or changes are you anticipatingharbours. The weather windows were in the market?closed several times – this you of coursehave to forecast and plan for in due time to CK & HCH: We expect the vessels in theoptimise the operations. industry to increase in size and grow with the turbines and wind farms. For us, this willVento Maritime Operation Centre mean that the weather restrictions of the vessels also will rise somewhat. This means longer and more weather windows, which is good for our clients - but some of the future wind farm locations will probably also become more challenging. www.ventomaritime.dk72 PES Wind

OFFSHORE WEATHER SERVICES• Lightning Alert Service• Detailed site-specific forecasts with evaluated forecast confidence• Operational decision support for go / no go• Weather window optimization• Highly skilled forecaster team with detailed business knowledge• Planning support• High-resolution MetOcean forecast data ventomaritime.dk

TALKING POINTAccomodation moduleModular accommodation:flexible assistance to theoffshore wind sectorWords: Robert Flanders, Sales & Marketing, MML Offshore.With the continuous progression of the offshore wind industry we find more operators thanever searching for effective and efficient solutions to their operations. In the wind energysector, modular units can be placed on a huge variety of vessels and barges to accommodatethe manpower required during the commissioning phase of the projects.Accommodation modules are designed to renewable energy across the global However, we now find that in order to keepinterface with the control rooms, which industry, more organisations are opting for up, rapid conversions of existing vesselenables great flexibility when it comes to swift modifications on all types of fixed types, with the support of modular units islast minute changes in projects and the installations in order to keep-pace with the proving to be the way forward.varying requirements for staff. They host a ongoing demand. In previous years, manyrange of benefits, as shown below. of these organisations believed to have As we know, a new build can be very ample time to prepare for the next energy expensive, with a long lead time toFast and efficient revolution, with long-term, extensive and manufacture. When swift vessel costly new builds for their projects. modifications are the preferred option,With the palpable shift towards sustainable/ modular units are a vital part in this74 PES Wind

TALKING POINTprocess. The fundamental concept of assurance and control programmes with comfortable environment is maintainedmodular units enables them to be extremely independent inspection and testing around the clock.versatile and flexible, with simple and fast procedures that promote superior qualityconstruction. This can make the decision of of construction at each stage. This is Versatile ingenuitycommissioning a completely new vessel or where the relevant industry certificationsnot more straightforward. are incorporated into the design and Perhaps the most beneficial element to manufacturing process. modular accommodation is the ability toIt saves time and expenses for an meet all individual requirements andorganisation to quickly convert and In the offshore modular and container technical specifications, which can lead toenhance current vessels, and modules can industry, DNV 2.7-1/EN 12079 and SOLAS a fully functioning living quarter installed indeliver a quick solution for additional POBs are crucial in assuring safe and secure a matter of weeks. Modules can be linkedwhich may be required as a result. Long, living environments for a workforce. With and stacked together to from multi-drawn out modifications are reduced, as these certifications and design standards in purpose, multi-level accommodationthe simplicity of a modular build saves place, it equips the module with the complexes on board installations. As asignificant time on such projects. With the appropriate features to be protected and result, hook-up time and associated costsintrinsic design and feasibility, they create withstand even the most hostile offshore are dramatically reduced, providing clientsan efficient and economical solution, and marine environments. with a cost-effective solution whenoffering a safe and secure living additional beds and living areas need to beenvironment in a fast-paced industry. Subsequently, additional features can be found at short notice. added to accommodation modules toReliable and safe further improve the safety of the units. A Once a living quarter is created, there are typical offshore accommodation module is additional modules which can beBy having each separate modular unit usually equipped with fire and gas detectors, configured for facility and ancillarybeing constructed off-site under sprinkler system, fire dampers, emergency purposes. This allows gymnasiums, locker,manufacturing regulations, the units are lighting and automatic shutdown capabilities recreation, music, laundry, galley and messunder intense quality management, and through the vessels control panel. With a rooms all to be incorporated into thethus offer solid safety credentials. further heating, ventilation and air complex. By utilising a modular buildManufacturing plants have strict quality conditioning system (HVAC) to ensure a system, the opportunity to produce any type of module function becomesAccomodation room www.peswind.com 75

TALKING POINTimmediately achievable. construction materials, reduce this issue The ‘Plug & Play’ construction method and can be installed by the same vessels means that units can simply be taken outBeing able to provide diverse options as the foundations. This means the and plugged onto an installation, ready tothrough modular capabilities has a installation can be carried out by vessels be connected to the control room withprofound effect on not only the scope of that are already on site which are ease. This standardised approachoperations available offshore, but also to significantly cheaper than the heavy-lift through modules, which hosts manythe morale of the workforce who calls the vessels usually required. benefits, notably reliability, has alreadycomplex home. With the many types ofinstallations and vessels offshore, life can Interior accomodationoften seem isolating or claustrophobic.Offering a vast selection of facilitieson-board from areas of gathering, to placesof solitude and privacy can significantlyhelp an employee to switch off and feelmore at home.Benefits to offshore substationsOf course, there are other capabilities inwhich modular units can deliver on –offshore modular substations. Substationsare an indispensable part of the operationat large multi-megawatt sites, with a corefunction of alleviating and maximising thepower voltage generated and transmittingthat to shore.Modular units are a perfect fit for this asessentially, they significantly diminish thecost of such installations. In many cases,the current topsides have reached theirweight limitations and thus the accuratecalculation and supervision of thetopsides’ weight is becoming a seriousfactor. The units, which usually weighsignificantly less than previous Linkable modules76 PES Wind

TALKING POINTFirst Module Laid Down First Level CompleteBlock Three Levels Complete Block with Walkways & Stairsbeen adopted for complex engineering and maintenance are reduced and open for the future of operations using thisprojects offshore. more options in terms of keeping equipment modular approach. sustained. It’s no secret that maintenanceRather than erecting major equipment on offshore is a meticulous and expensive Overall, lower topside weight, topside volumean offshore platform, the substation burden. A modular approach gives the and reduced construction time broughtequipment is already assembled in the option of bringing maintenance personnel to about through modular units all contribute tounits. This includes the linings and internal the platform for minor complications and lower cost of modular substations.power distribution at the manufacturing even enables the equipment to simply bearea onshore, ready to be taken out and taken ashore and repaired there. With this, Modular accommodation units continue toinstalled on the platform. This saves on units can be immediately replaced with a be a preferred option for many industries.development and commissioning costs and spare modular unit, which is already Offering simple, fast and smarter solutionscan cut around four to six months off outfitted and ready to be taken out at short with reliable results each time. There is nodelivery times. notice. These maintenance methods again doubt this method will be continually contribute to an already lowered expenditure utilised in the offshore wind industry.Furthermore, complexities from operations www.mmloffshore.com www.peswind.com 77

TALKING POINTThe EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM just landed on the platform at 22 meter. The balanced arms allow accurate electric driven, max 70 KwThe next generationoffshore access systemThe rapid market expansion, in offshore generated wind PSV’s to platforms came to light and twopower, requires a new approach towards offshore access for competing access systems weremaintenance of wind generators. Two experts in access introduced to the market: OAS by Offshoresystems, Willem Prins and Marco Klitsie, developed a totally Solutions and Ampelmann. Both systemsnew and patented access method for which solid investors accommodated the access for personneland building partners have already been found. The EAGLE- from DPII supply vessels to oil and gasACCESS SYSTEM will be ready for trials in early 2019 and so platforms, mainly in the North Sea area, aPES wanted to know more… limited market at the time.Background A short history In the same period and also in the North Sea, investments in offshore wind parksLooking back on 15 years of experience in By the end of the 20th century the offshore started, driven by the upcoming alternativesconsultancy and the design and oil and gas industry felt the need for for oil and gas as primary energy sources:development of access systems for cheaper access for personnel to platforms, wind power. The building of wind generatoroffshore platforms for several clients in the replacing the expensive use of helicopters, parks requires the same type of access tomarket, we conclude the present which was also driven by the trend towards the foundation piles for personnel as the oiltechnology is far from mature. There are smaller and unmanned platforms. and gas platforms. So the access systemsstill more technical steps to be made, originally developed for the oil and gasespecially in the offshore wind market. In 2003 the first proposals for access from market, could service the building of wind parks just as well. And they did. Wind energy has been booming ever since and many players have entered the market with modernised variants of the early access78 PES Wind

TALKING POINTsystems. These bring people from vessels to The requirement to be able to transferplatforms and vice versa, in batches of small cargo, supplies and/or people to platformsgroups and/or on a 24/7 basis. and being able to switch quickly between these modes.It is remarkable to see that the presentaccess systems and operators technically all An upcoming separation in the accessfollow in each other’s footsteps, by offering market:the nowadays well known bridge typeaccess for people. The Walk To Work - S ystems serving the building of windsystem. They look alike and work similarly. generators, with 24/7 access and frequentApart from the extra towers and lifts to fulfil traffic in a short period between pile andthe requirement for more safety, comfort and vesselhigher access: only adding to their weight,power consumption and complexity. - A maintenance market for wind parks where at least 30 to 40 ‘touch and go’But over the last 15 years the market visits per day over years can be made torequirements have changed. In its early deliver/remove people and cargo to/fromdays the market for access systems was wind generatorstechnology driven. Operators had to usewhatever the suppliers were offering. Even Recognising that the present accessnow the operators in the market basically systems are in essence based on thedo not offer much more than safe transfer requirements of the oil and gas industry offor people only. Cargo is problematic and the previous millennium and therefore nowpresent access systems are still heavy, unfit for the upcoming wind generatorcomplex and large. They operate at maintenance market, EAGLE-ACCESSrelatively high cost in limited conditions. started a new development. Bearing in mind our 15 years of design experience inNew demands access, we drew up a requirement list for this new development in this field:If a totally new access system were to bedeveloped based on the markets present 1. Cargo, people and supplies: quickand future demands, it has to be switching between these modes.recognised that in the wind power industrythe following trends will be decisive: 2. L imited number of people per transfer: 2 to 4 and plus mass transfer (ca 1 ton).Easy Switch between People and 1t Cargo with the same reach and operational conditions. www.peswind.com 79

TALKING POINTThe EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM: ‘As easy as taking the bus’ The EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM Operational window is huge, from -2 meter below the water up to 25 meter and around the PSV3. Low installation and operation cost: to EAGLE-ACCESS availability and usability. accommodate fixed vessel installation and operation by the vessel’s own crew Both founders of EAGLE-ACCESS BV, The final design is now ready for production to avoid the need for extra specialists Willem Prins and Marco Klitsie have a long and complies with the latest NoBo’s rules. on board. track record in the offshore access industry It’s great that the investors have been and in a wide variety of other areas of found. The production of the EAGLE-4. H igher operability conditions: only limited technology; from design and consultancy to ACCESS SYSTEM will be done by strategic by the vessels DP seakeeping abilities. project management. partners, who have a proven track record in production for the offshore industry.5. Dramatically less complex: to facilitate Two and a half years ago the project was operation and optimal reliability/safety. initiated to develop a dedicated future proof By using ‘proven technology only’ plus the access system for wind generators, based simplicity of the patented design, the6. L arge reach in distance and height: for on a thorough study of the present and highest reliability is assured. The worldwide flexibility in vessel orientation on DP. future market demands. 24/7 servicing will be guaranteed by EAGLE-ACCESS and through its reliable7. Dramatically lighter, smaller and Especially aimed at access for the strategic partners. better drive power: to allow operation maintenance of wind generator parks, from smaller vessels and to minimise which is an upcoming market where the The first EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM will deck space. currently available access systems, when become available in early 2019, after compared to EAGLE-ACCESS, will thorough on land testing, sea trials and8. Shorter transfer time per visit: to make as struggle to compete in economics, subsequent demonstrations. many visits per day as possible. With its unique set of USP’s the hydraulic power units on deck.9. Improve transfer comfort for people: EAGLE-ACCESS (EA) outperforms all Comfortable deck to platform transfer avoiding exposed waiting, long walks over existing bridge type access systems on of people in a closed cabin or of cargo moving floors and the vessels cargo deck. the market: (1 ton) within one minute.10. Transfer to unprepared platforms: no • Lowest cost for Capex and Opex. • T he EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM has only need for costly additions to the platforms three major moving parts and uses like hand opened gates, doors and • Almost all weather availability since the proven and safe technology only. specific connection/landing devices. vessels seakeeping abilities on DP are the limitation. • A llowing the vessels crane driver to EAGLE-ACCESS BV operate the EAGLE-ACCESS SYSTEM Burgemeester Nawijnlaan 12 • Uncomplicated design and drive without the need for extra specialists 2042 PM, Zandvoort, The Netherlands system allowing fast installation, low on board. weight (17 tons) on deck occupying Email [email protected], only 6 m2 deck space and consuming • Landing directly over the platforms [email protected] max. 70 kW electric power provided by handrails there is no need for costly the vessel. access gates on platforms any more. www.eagle-access.nl • N o need for expensive, noisy and large • Any platform will do. Linkedin: eagle-access-bv80 PES Wind

THE LEADINGFOUNDATION SUPPLIERIN NORTHERN EUROPEThe wind energy sector should strive for environmentallysound solutions throughout the entire life-cycle of a windfarm. In the construction phase, the foundation plays arole in reducing the environmental impacts.Peikko’s onshore foundation technology offers greatpotential to remarkably reduce CO2 emissions.REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS!-25% -50% -70%Peikko’s Gravity Foundation Peikko’s Rib Gravity Foundation Peikko’s Rock Foundation www.peikko.com/wind

TALKING POINT Barge Master supply operation to JUB Feeder solution, installation and maintenance using motion compensation in the USA The offshore wind market in the U.S. is about to take off and there are enormous growth projections. For the installation of the first wave of U.S. wind parks starting in 2020, European built and operated installation jack-ups will be needed, because currently no U.S. built jack- ups have the capacity to install the turbines. Nor will this type of equipment be built in time in the U.S. PES takes a closer look at the options.82 PES Wind

TALKING POINTMotion Compensated Pile Gripper There are plans to build installation jack-ups in the U.S., but it is likely that these will only kick-off after the first wind 83 farms prove to be a success. Aside from this, the infrastructure of the U.S. ports is not suitable for these big vessels, there are bridges and hurricane breakers preventing the jack-up installation vessels to enter or leave the harbors. New hubs and ports will have to be developed before U.S. flagged installation jack-ups will become a practical tool for the installation of the parks. The problem with using European installation jack-ups, apart from the a fore mentioned infrastructural problems, is the Jones Act. The Jones Act requires vessels transporting merchandise from U.S. point to U.S. point to be U.S. manned, built, flagged and owned. Offshore wind farms are defined as U.S. point and turbine components are defined as merchandise. Consequently, the European installation jack-ups will not be able to transport the turbine parts to the wind parks from U.S. ports. This means a feeder solution is necessary to transport the turbine parts to the jack-ups. Traditional feeder solutions are small jack-ups or feeder barges. The first Block Island wind park in the U.S. was constructed using small U.S. jack-ups as feeder barges. A normal feeder barge is extremely limited by swell and waves, creating a small operating window and unsafe situations for lift-off. So, finding a suitable supply solution for the U.S. offshore wind market is crucial for the kick-of. A solution is to use motion compensation for the feedering. A motion compensated platform can be placed on any U.S. flagged vessel or barge, with the wind turbine components on top. After transportation to the Installation jack-up, the motion compensation can be turned on, creating a stable lift-off platform, eliminating the wave motions, increasing the safety and the operating window. To increase the number of turbine parts to be transported, multiple systems can be used. Either integrated into one system, with a higher capacity, or operating stand alone. They can also be combined with a skidding frame. After one component is safely lifted off the motion compensated platform, the motion compensation can be turned off and the next component can be skidded onto the platform. After the motion compensation is turned on again the operation can be repeated as necessary. Barge Master launched their motion compensated platform, the BM-T700, in 2013 and the platform has proved the feeder concept works in various supply operations. By compensating the motions of the vessel, the platform effectively turns the deck space into a perfectly stable working area. The BM-T700 creates a www.peswind.com

TALKING POINT US PORT VESSEL US flagged 3D MOTION JACKUP FROM US vessel COMPENSATED FROM EU PLATFORM Payload of 700 mT compensation to Hs 2,5 m.Overview feeder solutionstable lift-off base for a maximum weight of Barge Master T700 supply operation to JUB 1-4 HR700 tons, in sea states up to heights of 2.5meters. It is also certified by Lloyds underthe lifting appliances rules.An added benefit of using a feeder solutionto the installation jack-ups is that they cancontinue their work offshore and don’t needto sail up and down to the HUB. Hence, thismotion compensated feeder solution couldalso be of huge potential to the ‘regular’offshore wind market in Europe. Theinstallation jack-up goes from turbine toturbine and the motion compensatedfeeder barge sails up and down. This alsomeans there is no need to use expensivedry docks in the ports and smaller accessis required.Looking ahead, there is a big possibilitythat the future U.S. wind parks, and evenEuropean parks, will consist of floatingturbines, so as to overcome the deep-waterdepths and NIMBY (Not In MY Back Yard)effect. In this happens new installationtechniques will be unavoidable and floatingmotion compensated installation andmaintenance necessary.Floating maintenance and installation:This example of a motion compensatedfeeder barge shows the potential thatmotion compensation can have for theinstallation and maintenance of offshorewind parks. The offshore wind industry isan exciting and relatively new field, but toooften old techniques are being used. Wehave seen that motion compensatedgangways have become a commodity in themarket, but other motion compensatedsolutions are still barely used, even thoughthe applications are limitless.84 PES Wind

Barge Master T700 Malampaya bridge instalation 2 also decreases the environmental impact and so miss out. because the sea bed does not have to beMotion compensation can be used for blade touched with a floating solution and The Dutch start-up Next Ocean hasreplacement. We know that the blades on increases the available options. developed wave prediction software, withsome of the first turbines are ready for very promising first results. If this softwarereplacement, which is a very costly Looking at even bigger motion can be integrated with motionoperation to do with jack-ups. By equipping compensated systems, there is the compensation, the operating window can bea simple vessel with a motion compensated development of the motion compensated largely increased. Only one wave limiting theplatform and crane with a blade replacement pile gripper. This gripper allows for floating workability can be detected and operationsjoke on top, the blades can be replaced installation of monopiles, offering a real can therefore continue in higher sea states.floating. This makes the operations a lot alternative to the installation jack-up.quicker, more independent of weather The Dynamic Positioning (DP) of the vesselconditions and ultimately cheaper. Next to these developments other smart can be smartly integrated with other new techniques are becoming available, systems, like for example a motionDrilling of the foundation piles for the which have huge potential, but too often the compensated gangway. A motionturbines can be done by placing a drill set, different systems are not fully integrated compensated gangway operates best in itswith a simple land-based crawler crane, on midstroke position, by making sure thetop of a motion compensated platform. This systems work together. The midstroke position of the gangway can be used as a reference point for the DP, increasing the operability. Bosch Rexroth is developing the concept of predictive motion compensation. This algorithmic software can increase the workability of motion compensated systems even more. Smart solutions are needed for smart installations. By using motion compensation technology, a big part of the offshore operations can be done by floating from much smaller vessels. It can change the logistics of offshore operations, as well as making installation in deeper waters possible. New methods need to be used for the wind parks of the future. Motion compensation can play a crucial role in supplying, installing and maintaining these parks more efficiently, cheaper and most importantly safely. www.barge-master.comFeeder solution www.peswind.com 85

CORPORATE FOCUSHeavy lifting capacity combinedwith low maintenance costsWords: Torben Blaaholm, CEO, Blaaholm A/SBlaaholm designed and manufactured the Davit Crane because of the increased weight offuture wind turbine components, which puts greater demands on crane capacity and thedemand for savings on service costs from their customers. PES sat down with TorbenBlaaholm to find out more about this crane’s innovative features. industry, due to the increased weight on session with customers, users and service future components used in wind turbines, providers to incorporate expertise and which places greater demands on the requested features from the market current onsite crane capacity. It is possible to tilt the boom by a It’s is new to the market and the reduced mechanical actuator, which enables visual service costs and competitive prices have control of the entire boom without using secured early success. There are already scaffolding or other helping structures. This signed contracts and we have been invited feature also allows access to the two 2 tons to tender on a significant number of lifting eyes located at the end of the boom. offshore wind projects.Torben Blaaholm Located in Esbjerg, Denmark, Blaaholm hasThe new crane offers the following key developed and produced lifting equipmentfeatures: a lifting capacity of 1000kg to for the wind industry since 2008. We supply2000kg, automatic and manual overload solutions worldwide within 4 businessprotection systems and special features for areas: tower production, wind industry,easy access for the servicing. We also automation & service.provide a special service through apartnership with Fanø Kran-Service, which Special attention to simple service andprovides great benefits for our customers. maintenanceWe developed the Davit Crane in The purpose of our Davit Crane is to liftcooperation with our customers in the wind materials, from supply vessels onto the laydown area of the transition piece deck, during the operational and commissioning phase. It has been designed with special attention to simple service and maintenance to ensure stable operation and minimal service costs on the crane. From start to finish, the development of the crane had the overall aim of creating a quality product, reducing overall service cost and keeping it at a competitive price. During the design phase we had numerous86 PES Wind

CORPORATE FOCUSOne lifting eye is dedicated to emergency Centrifugal brake mounted between motor and gearbox. Mechanical friction clutch mounted between motorlowering; the other is for general use. and gear box (option)The crane’s slewing function and tiltfunction are manual, which allows the useof the crane structure under thecommissioning of wind turbines, with noelectricity present.The best corrosion protectionThe structure is designed andmanufactured according to relevantinternational crane standards, fulltraceability is ensured in the entireproduction. The Davit crane is corrosionprotected according to EN/ISO 12944-2class C5M-H, and all components havebeen chosen for the greatest possibleresistance to wind and weather. Thisincludes stainless steel shafts and bronzelining surfaces, so the corrosion protectionis best available for these critical areas.The Davit crane is produced with a liftingcapacity ranging from 1000 kg to 2000 kgand can operate at SWH=2,0 (according toEN13852-1/DNVGL-ST-0378), similar toSea State 4. A WLL of 3000 kg can befacilitated on the standard crane, with apurpose made driveline with downgradedSWH requirements.Mechanical screw jack allows the boom to be lowered for maintenance The crane’s working radius is ranging from 2,6 meters to 4,0 meters, and is customized to the customer’s current need due to flexible design. The crane has a wire speed at min. 18m/min, but can be customized as well. AOPS and MOPS systems The crane has several overload protection systems, designed according to EN13852-1 (AOPS og MOPS). The systems prevent the crane from overloading when lifting to a floating vessel, where the load or the crane hook can get caught in the vessel. The two step overload protection system stops the crane at 110% capacity. At 140% capacity the hoisting brake will be disengaged. If overload persists, the entire length of wire will be spooled off the drum (AOPS, Automatic Overload Protection System). At 150% capacity, a there is a mechanical friction clutch slip to protect the structure. In addition to the automatic systems, there is an option to activate MOPS function (Manual Overload Protection System). If overload persists, the entire length of wire will be spooled off the drum Maintenance by Fanø Kran-Service Blaaholm offer service and maintenance on the Davit Crane in partnership with Fanø Kran-Service to provide our customers attractive solutions, Fanø Kran-Service has provided service and maintenance of all types of cranes since 1995. They perform service worldwide on all types of vessels, www.peswind.com 87

CORPORATE FOCUS ‘We really appreciate the fact that the design Figure 1 Blaaholm service setup of Blaaholm Davit Crane has had significant88 PES Wind focus on lifetime services utilising field experience.’ platforms and installations within the oil, gas and wind turbine industries and the maritime sector. Blaaholm and Fanø Kran-Service have worked together for several years, and are also located in Esbjerg, Denmark. ‘We really appreciate the fact that the design of Blaaholm Davit Crane has had significant focus on lifetime services utilising field experience. This will ensure safe and optimal working conditions offshore and reduce maintenance costs significantly,’ explains John Krogh, Assisting Service and Project Manager at Fanø Kran-Service. The service setup of the Blaaholm Davit Crane is illustrated in Figure 1. The commissioning onshore at TP manufacturers is completed by Fanø Kran-Service at a specified location. There is also the option of Fanø Kran-Service training the customers’ technicians or the TP manufacturers to handle the commissioning. The training course is held in Esbjerg or at the TP manufacturers. The commissioning offshore includes electrical assembly and SAT performed by Fanø Kran-Service, who must carry out the maintenance at least during the first year’s warranty period and the last year of that period. In between services can be provided by the customers’ trained personnel. This is the same for after the warranty has expired. www.uk.blaaholm.com www.fkservice.dk

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2019OmUeTdiNa OdaWta WIND POWER NOT HOT AIRMegaWindForce Northern Offshore Services Readunit Conference Call GustoMSC ONYX InSight Barge Master BV Conference Call MML Offshore GWEC Glomar Offshore Blade CareCharles Vaanhold, CTO, speaks David Kristensson, CEO, got PES hears from company owner, Our exclusive preview of An exclusive insight into the Sam Wharton tells us about We hear the latest on We preview the upcoming An in-depth look at modular Will prices continue to fall or We learn more about ever We hear from CEO,exclusively to PES about a together with PES to catch us up Torben Kofoed the upcoming WindEnergy offshore wind market in the US restrictions on turbine innovative and ever-changing OFFSHORE ENERGY 2018 accommodation have they reached lowest point? improving quality, health, safety, Hans-Peter Zimmerspecial type of wind turbine on the latest developments Hamburg 2018 conference & performance data jack-up solutions Conference & Exhibition environment (QHSE) exhibitionWIND WIND Again we turn our attention to the eagerly anticipated WIND Global Offshore Wind 2018 event in Manchester, UK 2018 has certainly been a year of real dynamism in the We turn our attention to the eagerly anticipated and bring you our thoughts and insight. A must attend wind sector. Innovations continue to amaze us and new Offshore Energy 2018 event and bring you our preview event this year. developments show no sign of slowing down anytime as the markets continues to gather pace. PLUS our usual helping of exclusive interviews and soon. How long can this continue? We ask the pressing PLUS our usual plethora of exclusive interviews, articles articles bringing you the all latest opinion, innovation questions to those in the know. and informed opinion bringing you the all latest news, and technology from some of the key players in the PLUS, our regular offering of exclusive interviews and innovation and technology from the industry leaders. global wind energy market. articles bringing you the all latest news, product offerings & latest technology advances from industry’s trailblazers.POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 3, 2018 POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 4, 2018 POWER AND ENERGY SOLUTIONS • ISSUE 2, 2018 OPTIMUM ASSESSING OFFSHORE WIND:POWER: IS WIND THE IMPACT OF GREAT EXPECTATIONSFINALLY THERE? LEGISLATION AND POLICY As the offshore wind market continues We take an in-depth look into to flourish, the sky really is the limit the emergence & continued As guidelines and the related evolution of the global off- obligations continue to evolve, we shore wind sector - a market look at the impact on the global which is undergoing some wind energy market... dramatic changes WIND ENERGY’S ESSENTIAL MEDIA DESTINATION 18,000+ READERS EXTENSIVE ONLINE AND MOBILE REACH BIG NAME INTERVIEWS NEWS, VIEWS AND ANALYSIS UNMISSABLE FEATURES AND AGENDA-SETTING COMMENT email [email protected] today www.peswind.com

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TALKING POINTBattery technology on the rise:Strategies and future scenariosWords: Michaël Kolk, Kurt Baes, Adnan Merhaba, Florence Carlot and Kars van der SteenThe battery market is seeing unprecedented interest and ignition (SLI), for vehicles with internalinvestment. This comes from existing battery manufacturers, combustion engines; electric vehiclesvehicle makers, chemical companies, energy suppliers and (EVs), including hybrids, plug-in hybridsothers, with many businesses moving outside their traditional and full electric; electronic devices;comfort zones. However, amid all the positive stationary battery energy storage (BES);announcements, return on investment has so far been slight. and others (aviation, drones, power tools).Companies, whether new entrants or existing businesses,face significant risks if they are to successfully carve out Amid all the talk of new technology and newmarket positions. applications such as EVs, the current biggest application remains starter, lightingWhile these risks vary depending on the point that is vital to understand is that the & ignition (SLI) – the battery used withincompanies’ positions in the value chain, market is made up of multiple applications, every vehicle with an internal combustionvictorious players will need to manage their each with different and very specific engine (ICE). And this broadly relies on theway through complex ecosystems, pick the needs. Factors impacting technology same lead-acid technology used within theright technologies to back, secure necessary suitability for each application include first rechargeable battery, which wasknowledge and intellectual property, and power density, capacity, cycle lifetime, invented in 1859.ensure that they can operate at scale in their energy density, capital cost, charging time,chosen areas. This must all be done within a reliability and safety. That means, in our Innovation in Li-ion batteries is muchtraditionally conservative and risk-averse view, that no single technology is likely to more dynamic, but most capacity is inindustry. How can this be achieved? ultimately dominate the industry at large fairly well-established technology. – and there is no ‘God battery’, as some Entering existing markets at this stage isOne market, many applications pundits have asserted. The five main certain to be expensive, and probably application areas are: starter, lighting & unattractive. The positive news forWhen creating a battery strategy, the first innovators is that there are important needs in many of these applications that are currently not properly addressed. For those that can deliver on these opportunities, there is a promise of large and lucrative potential markets. Even92 PES Wind

TALKING POINTthough existing technologies, such as lifetime have to be overcome. Ongoing diverse range of new technologies, andLi-ion, have seen rapid improvements in innovations use only minor silica bringing down the costs of existing Li-ionperformance and cost, these are not concentrations, limiting potential density battery technology, such as by scalingsufficient to meet the requirements of the increases to 10–20 percent. up manufacturing.market. That means next-generationinnovative technologies are required to There are advanced cathode chemistries However, lowering Li-ion prices is adeliver the step-change in performance that have higher energy capacities and double-edged sword. It helps meet existingsuch applications need. These may take voltages, such as lithium nickel manganese demand, but lengthens theconsiderable time and investment to cross oxide (LMNO). However, to be successful, commercialization time for new technologies,the ‘valley of death’ (the time between the these effectively need to overcome issues as these have to have their costs reducedR&D stage and becoming commercially with the liquid electrolyte used in common further in order to become economicallycost-competitive with current battery systems, which breaks down at viable. In turn, Li-ion focus potentially holdstechnologies). Therefore, organizations will voltages above 4.5 V. back the longer-term innovation thatneed to take a long-term view of which battery-driven markets require.innovations to back, payback times, and The solid-state electrolyte is the strongestwith whom to partner. contender for innovation. It replaces the All of this means there will inevitably beInnovative technologies – the advent of current electrolyte system, which is made winners and losers, both in terms ofsolid-state? of organic solvents, dissolved lithium salts next-generation technology choices andRecent analysis of battery-related start-ups and polyolefin separators, with one thin, among existing players that cannothas revealed that a host of technologies ion-conducting membrane. Thanks to improve their processes and scale to meetusing alternative materials are being these advantages, solid-state electrolytes cost pressures. Due to these factors, wedeveloped. However, there also is are of increasing interest to battery predict that one of these three scenariosincreasing innovation within the Li-ion manufacturers and users, as shown by the will dominate the mid-term batteryspace, primarily focused on three areas: large number of well-funded start-ups, technology industry.silica anodes, advanced cathodes and investment activity, M&A, and increasedsolid-state electrolytes. research work/patent filings. Current-generation Li-ion technologyGraphite is the normal material for battery dominates (medium likelihood)anodes, but silica provides higher energy Three scenarios for the mid-termcapacity, which leads to it being blended battery market This scenario assumes the industryinto current graphite anodes. The long-term becomes dominated by one singleaim of full silica anodes offers theoretical While there is a lot of potential demand for technology, as has happened with solarincreases in energy density of up to 40 battery technology in markets such as EV panels. Here, massive investment in hugepercent, but to realize this, issues in cycle and BES, the over-riding driver for success manufacturing facilities will further lower is currently cost. This means activity in the the costs of current-generation Li-ionFig 1 battery industry is concentrated in two technologies. This means other battery areas: research and development into a technologies will struggle to compete, while new innovations will be unable to cross the technological valley of death and fail to reach viable price points. Current- generation Li-ion therefore becomes the technology of choice due to its good balance of technical properties and price. Batteries have a highly diverse application range (more than solar panels, for instance). Certain niche applications with high willingness to pay for increased performance (such as consumer electronics) will drive new technological innovations which established Li-ion cannot naturally provide. This can later spill over into mass-market applications. In addition, further cost reduction needs to surpass mere manufacturing synergies and be achieved through product performance characteristics to make batteries cheaper on a cost-per-kWh basis. This cannot come from incremental developments, but requires a step change. New-generation Li-ion emerges (highest probability) In this scenario, the current generation of lithium-ion technology keeps its dominant position, supplemented by next-generation Li-ion technology, which eventually attracts sufficient investment to make it a viable alternative. We believe this scenario is the most likely for three reasons. First, current-generation Li-ion technology is reaching its theoretical performance limits. Second, development of EVs and consumer www.peswind.com 93

TALKING POINTelectronics is creating further ‘pull’ for Fig 2 Unforeseen technology steals the showbetter solutions, which could be potentially (low likelihood)addressed by new Li-ion technologies early technical requirements. In the energyin the development pipeline. Finally, sector, a range of other technologies will This scenario sees a completely newapplications such as high-end consumer coexist, depending on the application and technology developed (outside lithium-electronics provide attractive markets with driven by the less strict requirements on based batteries) that has such promisingwillingness to pay for higher performance, size and space for stationary systems. potential that it attracts sufficient capital towhich enables next-generation Li-ion to become a dominant alternative to existingestablish itself before targeting mass- Li-ion technologies.market applications. As of now, there is no truly viable batteryThe hottest candidate, the solid-state technology with sufficient potential toelectrolyte Li-ion battery, will need to replace the currently dominant Li-ionsurpass multiple challenges, as well as find batteries across all applications. Lithium isa safe pathway through the cost valley of the lightest metal around, with the lowestdeath. This means that even when electrochemical reduction potential, whichsolid-state batteries enter the market in makes it clearly the most suitable chargeniche applications such as high-end carrier for high-performance batteries. Onlyconsumer electronics, current lithium-ion in energy grid storage applications dobatteries will probably be produced to cater low-performance and low-costfor the bulk of applications for another technologies have specific potential10–15 years. applications. In EVs, no other battery type stands a chance currently, which makesFrom consumer electronics the technology only hydrogen fuel cells a minor threat.will gradually spread to the majority of otherapplications, such as EVs, for which Conclusiondevelopment cycles are typically muchlonger due to stricter requirements around Overall, the future battery industry is likelycycle and shelf lifetime. Alternative to be much more complex than the one oftechnologies, such as flow and zinc-air the past. No single company will be able tobatteries, will occupy certain niche come out on top without the support of anapplications with very specific functional or intricate and dynamic innovation ecosystem made up of partners, start-ups, institutes, Fig 3 etc. These bring complementary technologies, application know-how, and94 PES Wind access to captive markets. Companies must master the critical parts of the ecosystems they play in – or risk losing. www.adlittle.com



ASK THE EXPERTSA view fromthe top André Moura, Founder and CEO of Pro-Drone, Integrated Solutions for the Inspection of Energy Infrastructure, sat down with PES to tell us his perspective on drone inspections and how his company differs from other players in the market. Their experience and strategy means this company is here to stay and remain one step ahead of the game. André Moura PES: Welcome PES Wind magazine. aeronautical engineering, computer science Thanks for talking with us. Would you and data management systems.96 PES Wind like to begin by explaining a little about the background of Pro-Drone and how Founded in 2015, we have carried out you currently serve the wind industry? inspections in Europe and South America totalling over 1500 blades over the last 8 André Moura: Pro-Drone was born out of months. Our aim is to be established our desire to contribute to the efficiency of globally by the end of 2018. the wind energy sector by modernising the blade inspection procedures and PES: We were wondering why Pro-Drone empowering asset owners by providing decided to focus on wind turbine them with high quality data. Our team has a inspection with the UAVs? very diverse background including robotics, AM: I was involved with offshore

ASK THE EXPERTSmaintenance operations of wind energy Secondly, our automated flight system encompasses the surveying logistics, dataassets, which is where I became familiar monitors all the structures around the drone management, report generation and fullwith the costly and cumbersome logistics and uses them to determine its flight path in data access with an accurate ruler, distanceof accessing wind blades for inspection. It real time. This provides an active anti- to hub and all the important metadata for awas also clear to me that the industry was collision system that prevents the drone thorough analysis.turning towards focusing its efforts on from colliding with the blade or tower. Withoptimising O&M costs and I saw an over 350 flight hours and over 1500 blades Our data scientists have implementedopportunity to improve the status quo of inspected to date, we are happy to say that several automatic damage statistics and weblade inspections. our system has been accident free. are looking towards offering automatic damage identification tools over the secondTraditional inspection methods have clear The last, and most crucial piece of the semester of 2018.setbacks regarding safety, downtime and puzzle is what is done with the datadata quality. UAV’s had the potential of collected. High quality data implies PES: We know that the use of drones isdisrupting this industry by offering high hundreds of high definition images are growing rapidly and the technology usedquality, repeatable and safe inspections in collected per turbine inspected, resulting in is advancing all the time. How do youa short amount of time. However to deliver dozens of GB of data and thousands of files ensure your equipment remains at peakthis automating inspection was the first at the end of a day’s work. To be able to performance and up to date?and crucial step, as no pilot expertise is sieve through them efficiently and extractneeded for this operation and this is what the significant damage, without missing AM: That is a very important question andwe achieved. anything critical, is vital for a manageable something that has been present in our and efficient inspection solution. minds since the very start of the company.PES: We see your core values are Over the past 5 years drones have beenrobustness, safety and data This is the reason why we developed coming of age and seen an incredibleaccessibility could you explain what you BladeInsight.com, our cloud platform that evolution in availability and reliability, whichmean by each of these? aggregates, processes and manages all of means that we are only scratching the our clients’ blade data in an intuitive way. It surface of what they will do for us.AM: Robustness relates to the ability totrust that the inspection will be carried out However the design and manufacturing ofin an efficient and consistent way every drones is very hard and expensive and it istime. In the case of UAV inspections this hard to predict which way the industry willmeans the data collected is of a high quality go, which is why our whole philosophy hasin resolution, that the entire surface of the been to be drone agnostic. Our systemwind blade is covered and that the system comprises several sensors and adelivers the same inspection day in day out. computing unit that can be attached to virtually any drone on the market.This is what enables the data to becomparable between blades, turbines, This means we are able to use the bestsites, manufacturers and so on and also drone available for the task at hand and toallows the client to count on the same place our system in more modern andquality wherever he hires our services. The competent drones, as they come out.high quality is also key factor in identifyingdamage accurately, as well as the precise Lastly it also means that we can source thelocation on the blade, which has a critical drones locally or even rent out our systemimpact on the severity and repair strategy to be used in drones locally, which makesthat we set off. operating logistics much easier.Safety standards are paramount for any PES: How do you see future wind turbinelarge asset owner and we have incorporated inspections developing or has it gone asthis throughout our development. Firstly, by far as it can?complementing or reducing the need forrope access work we can limit the physicalhazards workers are exposed to. www.peswind.com 97

ASK THE EXPERTSAM: We believe that wind turbine inspection industry can, almost instantly, begin to offer industrial solutions using a manualmethods will continue to evolve and develop offering top quality inspections. piloting approach. They had very mixedwith the aim of ever increasing the value success and none were able to scale,delivered to the client. From a still image From what we can see, this is a very unique which led to an overall resistance. Thisperspective we don’t think there is room for approach in the market, and we are happy challenge is being overcome with severalmuch improvement on quality, but there is to see it take off. companies, such as ours, achievingstill a great untapped potential in methods thousands of blades inspected andthat would allow us to see what is happening PES: Where do you operate and where proving the quality and reduced time thatbelow the first layer of the blade for example. are your key markets and are there are UAV’s can provide. any areas, geographically speaking, thatIt is also clear that AI and specifically you would like to break in to? PES: Looking to 2018 and beyond, whatmachine learning will play a big role in this trends and/or changes are youindustry, by making analysis more robust AM: We are operating in Portugal and Brazil anticipating in the market and why?and minimising inspector errors. Perhaps currently but expect to be in several morefurther ahead drones might even be able to countries by the end of the first semester of AM: It is clear that the entire industry isplay a meaningful role in blade repair, but 2018. The US and China, as well as the moving towards fully autonomous solutionsthis is still in an exploratory phase. offshore market are key targets for us and and that a growing focus will be on data we expect to have a presence in each by analytics. How we, as solution providers, canPES: Does automated inspections the end of the year. do more than offer pictures and reports andhave an impact on efficiency and return help the asset owners to better monitor theiron investment (ROI)? If so can you PES: What is the single biggest turbines, identify trends throughout theirexplain how? challenge facing the market today? fleet and optimise their O&M procedures, to ultimately improve the clients ROI.AM: Having an automated inspection AM: The drone inspection market is stillmeans that you no longer rely on expert quite fragmented and there is still some We are in an era of abundant data andpilots to carry out what is a critical and hesitation and distrust in some segments information and so the differentiating factordifficult operation. This translates into a of the industry, regarding the benefits that is, and will increasingly be, how to bestmuch more robust operation enabling more it can provide. This is the result of several extract value from it.certainty on the production and quality and years of over promise and under deliverya decrease in pilot expertise, which has a by several UAV providers, who attempted www.pro-drone.eudirect impact on a projects ROI.PES: Could you tell us about any currentor future projects?AM: We have many interesting things in ourpipeline within the wind sector as we lookto build upon what we have developed todate. In 2019 we will be launching our 3blade solution that enables the turbine tobe positioned only once as well as somevery powerful analytics tools to help clientsmake more of their data.There is also a roadmap and intention toenter other verticals with our tool, but fornow our focus will remain in wind energy.PES: We note that there are more andmore UAV operators, how are youfinding this and what do you thinkmakes Pro-Drone stand out fromthe competition?AM: The number of players in this market isvalidating what we saw over 3 years agothat UAV’s would be playing a significantrole in wind blade inspections globally. Themarket share of this inspection method isgrowing and it seems quite clear that intime it will become the defacto inspectionmethod and we will end up with severalplayers servicing the industry, our goal is tobe one of the leaders, shaping this industry.Besides the factors previously mentioned,one thing that makes us stand out is ourbusiness model. By offering a licensingmodel we allow any player in the market tocarry out high quality, autonomous bladeinspections with just 3 days of training.This means that owners, ISP’s, OEMs,insurers and virtually any stakeholder in the98 PES Wind



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