CHAPTER 4.1 Information Technology Basics: A WORLD OF COMPUTER MADAM ROHAIZAH BINTI BAHARI
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Learning Objectives Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. Distinguish between system software and application software. Differentiate between the kinds of system software programs. Define and compare general purpose, specialized, and mobile applications. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of personal computers. Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, and cloud computing.
Introduction •. Personal computers are common tools in all areas of life. •. New forms of learning have developed. • College course does not have to be a quarter or semester any longer. • Computers offer many new ways to communicate.
Information system •AN IS IS A FORMAL, SOCIOTECHNICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM DESIGNED TO COLLECT, PROCESS, STORE, AND DISTRIBUTE INFORMATION
Part of PEOPLE Information PROCEDURES SOFTWARE System HARDWARE DATA THE INTERNET
PARTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM PEOPLE PROCEDURES SOFTWARE Most important part of any system The rules or guideline to follow A program consists of the Contact is when using the software, hardware step-by-step instructions that Direct - e.g. creating documents, and data. tell the computer how to do Typically documented in manuals its work. connect to the internet written by computer specialists. The purpose of software is to Indirect - using a computerized machine Software and hardware convert data into. information. manufacturers provide manuals Humans are both the weakest link in with their products. These manuals **More detail will be discussed in an information system and a source of are provided in either printed or this chapter and Chapter 3 flexibility electronic form. The purpose is to make people or end users more productive
PARTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM HARDWARE DATA INTERNET The equipment that processes the The raw, unprocessed facts, The Internet allows computer data to create information. including text, numbers, images, to connect and share It includes smartphones, tablets, and sounds, are called data. information. keyboards, mice, displays, system Processed data produce information. Almost all information systems units, and other devices. provide a way to connect to Hardware is controlled by Example of a payroll program, other people and computers, software. the data (number of hours typically using the Internet. worked and pay rate) is **More detail will be discussed in this processed (multiplied) to •More detail will be discussed in chapter and chapter 2 produce information (weekly this chapter pay).
•Software is another name for programs. •Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. •There are two major kinds of software: •Application software – for people. •System software a – for computer. SOFTWARE
System Software Enables application software 3 types •Utilities to interact with the 1. Embedded operating systems, • Perform specific tasks related to computer hardware. also known as real-time managing computer resources It is a background software operating systems (RTOS). •E.g. Antivirus Program that helps manage - Used by Smartphones, tablets, resources. and many other mobile devices. •Device Drivers 2. Standalone operating systems Types of system software like Windows 10 or Mac OS • Can be thought of as a “language” Operating Systems - used by personal computer spoken by the operating system and the 3. Network operating systems •Utilities hardware Device Drivers (NOS) • Programs designed to allow input or Operating S ystem - used by server computer output devices to communicate with the coordinates computer resources provides the user interface computer (e.g printer, scanner) runs applications
Application Software •IS THE END-USER SOFTWARE •3 TYPES General- Specialized Mobile Purpose applications Apps applications •Focus more on specific •Designed for mobile •widely used in nearly all disciplines and devices- text messaging, career area-browser, word occupations- internet browsing and processor, presentation program include graphics connecting to social graphics, spreadsheet and and web authoring data management system. media
HARDWARE •Consists of electronic devices Types of computer that can follow instructions to 1. Supercomputers accept data (input), process 2. Mainframe computers 3. Midrange (e.g Servers) the input and produce 4. Personal computers: information (output). • Desktop • laptop • Mobile -Smartphones, tablet, wearable device (e.g smartwatch)
Personal Computer Hardware Four basic categories of equipment •System Unit •Input/Output •Secondary Storage •Communications **More detail will be discussed in Chapter 5)
SYSTEM UNIT SECONDARY STORAGE •Contains electronic circuitry, including Holds data and programs even if power is off -Microprocessor 1. Hard disk (HD) -Memory (Ram and ROM) 2. Solid-state storage (SSS) INPUT/OUTPUT • is a type of non-volatile computer storage DEVICES that stores and retrieves digital information •Translators between humans and computer. using only electronic circuits, without any •Input device – e.g keyboard and mouse involvement of moving mechanical parts. •Output device – e.g monitor and printer • More reliable • Requires less power • More expensive than hard disks 3. Optical disc •Laser technology •Great capacity •E.g - CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray
COMMUNICATIONS DATA •Communication devices, such as •Raw, unprocessed facts modems, provide personal •Processed data becomes information computers with the ability to •Digital data is stored electronically communicate with other in files computer systems •Document files •Modems modify audio, video •Worksheet files and other types of data into a •Database files form that can be transmitted •Presentation files across the Internet
Digital data is stored electronically in files DOCUMENT FILES DATABASE FILES created by word processor •Typically created by database management - memos programs to contain highly structured and organized - letters data •E.g employee database file might contains all WORKSHEET FILES information about the workers. •Created by electronic spreadsheets to PRESENTATION FILES analyze things like budgets and to predict sales •Created by presentation graphics programs to prepare presentation materials.
CONNECTIVITY & THE MOBILE INTERNET Connectivity • The capability of ability of your computer to share information with the other computer. Central concept of connectivity is the network. • A network is a communication system connecting two or more computers • Largest network is the Internet •Web provides a multimedia interface to resources available on the internet. Cloud Computing •Uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 3 THINGS RELATED: CLOUD COMPUTING WIRELESS INTERNET OF THING Uses internet and web COMMUNICATION (IOT) to shift many computer •a method of transmitting •The continuing development of information from one point to internet that allows everyday activities from user’s computer to computers other, without using any objects embedded with connection like wires, cables or technologies (e.g sensors, on the internet software, etc) for the purpose of any physical medium. connecting and exchanging data •Changed the way we with other devices and systems communicate and use computer over the internet. technology. •connected vehicles, home •Wireless devices includes automation, wearable technology, connected health, and appliances smartphone, tablet and watches. with remote monitoring capabilities.
Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn. - Benjamin Franklin MAY WE HAVE FUN AND PRODUCTIVE LEARNING SESSIONS AHEAD. WELCOME TO WORLD OF COMPUTER!
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