GPAC 2023 YEARBOOK

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT GPAC 1 I. Introduction 2 2 1. About 2 2. Vision 3. Mission 3 4. Selection of GPAC 2023 Topics II. Greetings for GPAC 2023 4 5 1. Greetings from Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Truc Le - Chairman of University 6 - VNU-UEB 7 2. Greetings from Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Trung Thanh - Rector of VNU University 8 of Economics and Business, Hanoi 9 3. Greetings from Assoc.Prof. Dr Nguyen Anh Thu - Vice Rector of VNU-UEB 20 4. Greetings from Prof. Kuan-Hui Lee - Seoul National University 21 5. Greetings from Assistant Prof. Park Minwoo - National ChengchiUniversity 6. Greetings from Prof. Yuri Takahashi - Chiba University of Commerce 28 III. Participating Organizations 1. Participating Universities 32 2. Judges Committee 32 3. Host University 33 ACTIVITIES 35 I. Schedule of GPAC 2023 II. Academic Activities 1. Main Topic 2. Branch Topics Regional economic integration + RMB internationalization: Analysis of current state and policy e ectiveness + Regional integration in Asia: Benefits, challenges and potential + Regional cooperation in asean in the context of global minimum tax (GMT) Enforcement: Opportunities and challenges Digital transformation and the future of work + The potential possibilities of e-commerce in Asia - finance and strategy analysis + Southeast Asia fast payment system + A successful content ecommerce mechanism on Dcard: Analysing the di erence between sponsored and nonsponsored marketing influence on customers Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Table Of Contents

+ Digital payment: Payment market and the trend of digital transformation 40 + DX In Hospitality Industry: Catch The Future With “No-code Tool” + Platform workers in the asia pacific region 42 + Evaluating the benefits of digital transformation for workforce practices in 42 42 healthcare sector: Approaching from the patient's perspective + Factors a ecting the level of implementation of the digital society in 43 Vietnam and proposing for the development of a number of priority careers 45 + Businesses Entering Emerging Market: Case Of Thailand 49 Economic growth and development in emerging markets 51 + The impact toward consumer behavior from the shorter market trend + Success and challenges: the japanese convenience store in thailand markets + Growth factors and challenges + FDI capital resource in emerging economic countries from 2018 to 2023 and experience for Vietnam 3. Mixed - Group Topics III. Cultural Exchange Activities 1. Introduction 2. Activities IV. How Integration, Digital transformation and Economic growth connect with Cultural exchange? 1. Regional economic integration 2. Digital transformation and the future of work 3. Economic growth and development in emerging markets V. Contact Us Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Table Of Contents

ABOUT GPAC I. Introduction 1. About GPAC stands for the Global Partnership of Asian Colleges, which is a big event held annually with the participation of students from prestigious universities in Asia: Chiba University of Commerce, Keio Universi- ty, Meio University, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Waseda University (Japan), Seoul National University (Korea), National Chengchi University (Taiwan), Southwestern University of Finance and Economics (China), College of Management Academic Studies (Israel) and University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University (Hanoi - Vietnam). GPAC was started in 1991 by Professor Sang-Ki Min from Seoul National University and Professor Haruo Shimada from Keio University. The two professors hoped that through the annual event, students of two universities obtain academic growth in economics and have a better understanding of each other's culture. History of GPAC over 32 years 1991 - 1st Conference 2012 - 22nd Seoul, Korea 2002 - 12th Okinawa, Japan 2013 - 23rd Okinawa, Japan 2003 - 13th Jeju Island, Korea 2014 - 24th Hanoi, Vietnam 2004 - 14th Okinawa, Japan 2015 - 25th Taipei, Taiwan 2005 - 15th Jeju Island, Korea 2016 - 26th Seoul, Korea 2006 - 16th Okinawa, Japan 2018 - 27th Chiba, Japan 2007 - 17th Taipei, Taiwan 2019 - 28th Hanoi, Vietnam 2008 - 18th Seoul, Korea 2020 - 29th Online Conference 2009 - 19th Chiba, Japan 2021 - 30th Online Conference 2010 - 20th Hanoi, Vietnam 2022 - 31th Online Conference 2011 - 21st Taipei, Taiwan 2023 - 32th Hanoi, Vietnam 1 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC

2. Vision GPAC creates opportunities for students to learn and collaborate with students in many di erent Asian countries, providing knowledge and skills in economics and culture between countries, there- by contributing to the development of the APAC region. Specifically, in addition to professional activities such as research on topics or presenta- tions in the conference, the speakers, professors, lecturers and international students also have the chance to visit wonderful landscapes and experi- ences in the diverse traditional culture of the host country. It can be said that GPAC not only brings \"space for knowledge exchange\" in the region, but also an opportunity to connect students, bringing unique experiences and unforgettable memories. 3. Mission Through the support from professors and lecturers with long experience, international students in general and UEB students in particular have accumulated a lot of practical information, pro- fessional knowledge, practical solutions and strategies to solve hot issues in various fields. Besides knowledge, also through GPAC, students can practice the necessary skills of a modern stu- dent, a future global citizen, exchange and expand their network of connections with interna- tional friends. 4. Selection of GPAC 2023 Topics University of Economics and Business hosts the 2023 GPAC Conference for the fourth time with the theme: “The Future Of The Asia Pacific Economy” to direct students' research topics on issues related to the regional digital economy with presentations focusing on subtopics: Regional economic integration Digital transformation and the future of work Economic growth and development in emerging markets Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC 2

II. Greetings for GPAC 2023 1. Greetings from Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Truc Le - Chairman of University - VNU-UEB It is with pleasure and pride that I extend my warmest welcome to all of you on behalf of the University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU-UEB) as we gather here for the Global Partnership of Asian Colleges (GPAC) 2023. We are hon- ored to host this prestigious event once again, rea rming our commitment to foster- ing academic collaboration and cultural exchange among students and faculty from esteemed universities across Asia. At VNU-UEB, our mission is to cultivate exceptional talent in economics, business, and man- agement to drive innovation and progress in Vietnam and abroad. Through excellence in education, research, and practice, we aim to develop leaders equipped to navigate the complexities of today's digital landscape and champion sustainable growth. GPAC represents the pinnacle of our e orts to engage in meaningful partnerships. This con- ference is a vibrant platform to share ideas, celebrate diversity, and inspire one another to reach new heights. The relationships forged and insights gained here will empower partici- pants to create positive change as global citizens. Beyond the enriching discourse, I encourage you to explore magnificent Hanoi - imbibe the city's rich cultural heritage and vibrant energy. Let Hanoi's history and hospitality deepen the GPAC experience. We are honored by your presence and trust that your time here will be memorable and impactful. Welcome to Hanoi, welcome to VNU-UEB, and welcome to GPAC 2023! Warmest regards, 3 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC

2. Greetings from Assoc.Prof.Dr Le Trung Thanh - Rector of VNU University of Economics and Business, Hanoi It is my pleasure to extend a warm welcome to all of you at the University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU-UEB) for Global Partnership of Asian Colleges (GPAC) 2023. It is the fourth time VNU-UEB becomes the host of GPAC. As we come together for this event, I would like to express my immense delight at hosting this conference after sever- al years of virtual meetings necessitated by the global pandemic. Originating in 1991, GPAC serves as a platform for students and lecturers from Asian univer- sities to collaboratively exchange insights and cultural heritage. Evolving over three decades, this annual event has matured into a captivating occasion. It consistently o ers attendees exceptional prospects to share experiences, knowledge, and skills among themselves. The theme of this year's conference, \"The Future of the Asia Pacific Economy,\" is particularly timely. Against the backdrop of the transformative digital era and the challenges posed by the global pandemic, the sub-topics of regional economic integration, digital transforma- tion, and economic growth in emerging markets take on new significance. As we gather to deliberate on these critical issues, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of our region's economic trajectory and collaborate on solutions for a prosperous future. Our commitment to nurturing strong friendships, advancing academic excellence, and cul- tivating leadership skills remains unwavering. Through GPAC 2023, we aim to provide a platform that not only enriches your academic journey but also equips you to become e ective global citizens capable of shaping positive changes. I trust that your experience at GPAC 2023 will be both enlightening and enjoyable. With warm regards, Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC 4

3. Greetings from Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Anh Thu - Vice Rector of VNU-UEB A warm welcome to GPAC 2023 in the heart of vibrant Hanoi, Vietnam. It is my pleasure to extend my greetings to each one of you who has come to be a part of this extraordinary annual event that unites students from diverse universities across Asia. GPAC has continuously provided an invaluable platform that transcends borders, inviting indi- viduals from varied historical and cultural backgrounds to share their insights and broaden their horizons. This year, our gathering is particularly significant as we emerge from the challenges posed by the pandemic, and as we stand on the threshold of an era reshaped by the rapid changes in society and the transformative force of the digital age. With a spirited assembly of more than 80 students and lecturers from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam, GPAC 2023 is poised to be a dynamic hub of discussions on pertinent issues. Our conversations will span the domains of regional economic integration, digital transformation, and the evolving landscape of work, as well as the intriguing trajectory of economic growth in emerging markets. These themes resonate deeply, given the profound changes we've witnessed in recent times. Under the theme \"The Future of the Asia Pacific Economy\", we're exploring how things like the pandemic, digital changes, the 4.0 revolution, and other rapid changes in society a ect our economies. Your discussions, ideas, and insights have the capacity to guide us towards the future path, one characterized by strength, adaptability, and creativity. Welcome to Hanoi, welcome to GPAC 2023, an enriching journey of exploration and collaboration. 5 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC

4. Greetings from Prof. Kuan-Hui Lee - Seoul National University Welcome to GPAC 2023! It is my pleasure to write a welcoming state- ment to all participants for the upcoming GPAC, 2023. It has been a few years since we met last time due to COVID-19 and this GPAC is the first “returning-to-normal” meeting ever since. My GPAC experience tells me that it was always quite impressive to see such a large group of students from various Asian universities gathered in one place, talking, presenting, discussing, and playing with each other. This GPAC will also provide an excellent opportunity to all participants for sharing friend- ship, experience, knowledge, and skills. Meet people. Build friendship. Make good memories. I sincerely believe and hope that this upcoming GPAC 2023 would be one of the most impressive ones in the long history of GPAC. Welcome. See you soon! Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC 6

5. Greetings from Assistant Prof. Park Minwoo - National Chengchi University Greetings, I am Minwoo Park, an assistant professor at National Chengchi University in Taiwan. It is my honor to be a part of GPAC 2023. GPAC is a truly exceptional program. It brings together undergraduate students from di erent countries in the same discipline, providing a unique opportunity to broaden your horizons, exchange ideas, gain diverse perspectives, and form valuable international connections. This year's GPAC holds even more significance as it marks our long-awaited reunion after a period of uncertainty caused by the pandemic. I encourage you to make the most of this special opportunity by approaching it with an open mind, challenging your own thoughts, expanding your knowledge, engaging in meaningful conversations, and building lasting friendships that will extend beyond the event itself. I sincerely thank each and every one of you for being a part of this event. Let us embark on this incredible journey together and create memories that will last a lifetime. Welcome to GPAC 2023! All the best, Minwoo Park 7 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC

6. Greetings from Prof. Yuri Takahashi - Chiba University of Commerce Greetings from Yuri Takahashi, CUC, Chiba University of Commerce. It is so great to be back in Hanoi, Vietnam, for GPAC 2023 and my thanks to VNU-UEB, Vietnam National University-University of Economics and Business, for hosting this memorable first post-pandemic in-person GPAC. The last in-person GPAC was hosted by VNU-UEB, too, in 2019. Throughout the pan- demic some of us carried on bravely online. In 2020, it was just CUC and TMU, Tokyo Metropolitan University, who are unfortunately not with us this year. In 2021, we were joined by VNU-UEB and COMAS, The College of Manage- ment Academic Studies, of Israel. In 2022, SNU, Seoul National University, and NCCU, Na- tional Chengchi University of Taiwan, joined NCCU with the intention of holding an in-per- son GPAC but because the COVID-19 restrictions were still in place, they ended up hosting GPAC 2022 Online. I would like to commend all those who kept the spirit of GPAC alive through those di cult years. But of course, nothing beats the REAL thing! I would like to pay tribute to our two founders, Dr. Haruo Shimada, then of Keio University, and Dr. Sang Kee Min of Seoul National University, for conceiving in 1991 the brilliant idea of bringing students from Asian universities together for a week of learning, working together, and having fun. It is thanks to the wisdom and action of those two individuals that we are here today, and I want everyone to remember that. Lastly, let me thank the faculty, sta , and students of VNU-UEB for all the work they put in to make GPAC 2023 possible. I am sure all of us, students and faculty alike, will go home better informed, with a deeper understanding of global issues, and having made many new friends. Hooray to GPAC! Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | About GPAC 8

Participating Universities National Chengchi University Since its establishment in 1958, the College of Commerce at National Chengchi University (NCCUC) has always been the center of business education in Taiwan. To date, NCCUC o ers 8 departments, 1 graduate institute, 3 MBA programs, 15 research centers, and 3 specialized program o ces. Additionally, NCCUC o ers over 149 full-time faculty members, approxi- mately 4,000 current students and 41,000 graduates. NCCUC's primary objective is to cultivate lead- ers in academic research and business adminis- tration, emphasizing both theoretical knowl- edge and practical experience. The university is committed to creating a learning environment that amalgamates wisdom and traditions from both Eastern and Western cultures. Over the years, NCCUC has embraced multidimensional innovations in teaching, research, and service to shape students from diverse backgrounds into future leaders. By equipping students with an international perspective, an innovative mindset, technological expertise, and a spirit of humanitarianism, NCCUC aspires to become the premier business school in Asia. The institution seeks to leverage the acquisition, creation, and dissemination of knowledge to serve not only the Taiwanese people but also the broader international community. Mottos: “Harmony, Independence, Balance and Preeminence” 9 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Participating Universities Professors & Sta of National Chengchi University Assistant Professor Park Minwoo Student of National Chengchi University Yao Tien Cheng Chang Yu Hsin Lin Jun Xian Lu Chia Yi Yen Hsin Yu Wen Ju Lin Wang Hsin Yu Lai Ting Tzu Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities 10

Participating Universities Student of National Chengchi University Chang Hao Ting Tseng Chuan Hsuan Liu Cheng Kuan Lee JR Ying Hsu Tzu Ling Hsieh Yen Min Benjamin Lu Chin Chang Yi Lin Wu Shih Jui Lin Yi Hong Lin An Ni Wei Shih-Hsun 11 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Participating Universities Student of National Chengchi University Yeh Cheng Hsiang Yang Chun Lin Lin Tzu Chieh Chen Yi Hsiang Yeh Ting Fang Chen Yi Fang Lo Chia Yi Kuo Hsu Chien Chen Yu Han Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities 12

Participating Universities Waseda University Shigenobu Okuma founded Waseda University, then called Tokyo Senmon Gakko, on Octo- ber 21, 1882. In the first class, 80 students enrolled in the Departments of Political Science, Law, English, and Physical Science. With wishes that the students of Waseda to be altruistic and help others in need, his words were, “Be ambitious to contribute to the world without regard to the benefits to yourself, family, or your country.” Vision + Waseda University holds as its founding principles the preservation of the independence of scholarship, the pro- motion of the practical application of scholarship, and the fostering of good citizens. + Holding the independence of scholarship as a central principle, Waseda University pledges to contribute to the scholarship of the world by regarding freedom of research as essential and devoting itself constantly to original research. + Holding the practical application of scholarship as a central principle, Waseda University pledges to contribute to the progress of the times by establishing a path for the practical use of scholarship as well as pursuing theoretical research for its own sake. + Holding the fostering of good citizens as a central prin- ciple, Waseda University pledges to cultivate people of character who can respect individuality, develop them- selves and their families, benefit the nation and society, and be active in the world at large. 13 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Participating Universities Student of Waseda University Yuya Ikenaga Tachibana Morishi Konno Yuma Kosuke Yoshimura Kitano Tomohiro Kichiirou Taga Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities 14

Participating Universities Seoul National University Seoul National University, commonly referred to as SNU, is one of South Korea's most presti- gious educational institutions with a rich history that spans over a century. Established in 1946, SNU was the first national university in South Korea, following the country's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. However, its can be traced back even further to the 19th century when the Royal Korean College, the predecessor of SNU, was founded by King Gojong. History of Seoul National University 1946 - 1953: Founded as the premier national university 1961 - 1974: A University Shaping the Future of Its People - “Korea's flagship university” 2000 - 2010: Becoming a world-class research university Vision + Fostering a converged global talent + Building an innovative knowledge ecosystem + Creating knowledge-based social values + Establishing a foundation for sustainable university development 15 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Participating Universities Professors & Sta of Seoul National University Professor Kuan Hui Lee Student of Seoul National University Ko Dong Hyeob Gu Xinyuan Jung Joeun Lee Soowon Lee Seryeong Lee Minji Kwon Sung Bin An Donghyeon Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities 16

Participating Universities Student of Seoul National University Lee Sir Young Lee Heejun Lee Changbeen Kim Leejune Baek Jiyoon Park Seyong Oh Yunseo Kim Tae Hun Kim Garam Hong Yun A Yuh Yusong Kim Jiyong 17 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Participating Universities Chiba University of Commerce Chiba University of Commerce (CUC) is a prestigious institution located in Chiba, Japan. It has a rich history that began in 1949 when it was established as a private institution known as Chiba City Commercial School. The school aimed to provide business educa- tion to students and contribute to the development of commerce in Japan. In 1951, Chiba City Commercial School was renamed Chiba University of Commerce and became a public institution. The heart of the university’s educational philosophy is to use practical education to foster in business people a strong sense of ethics applicable to the modern day. The university has implemented this advanced, practical educational philosophy in each department and graduate school in order to better contribute to society. CUC inspires its students to become more active, to expand their individuality, and to devel- op their abilities. To help them tie together their book learning with real-life experience, they are constantly tested and encouraged to evolve. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities 18

Participating Universities Professors & Sta of Chiba University of Commerce Professor Professor Doctor Yuriko Takahashi Oishi Toshiya Takako Hashimoto Student of Chiba University of Commerce Yoshida Ririko Shiori Koide Shindo Yuzuki Kotani Tomo Yusuke Murase Sena Samejima Kizashi Igarashi Chisato Omori 19 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Particpating Universities

Judges Committee Professor Doctor Doctor Doctor Luu Quoc Dat Nguyen Duc Bao Vu Thi Thanh Binh Le Hong Thai MSc MSc MSc Assistant Professor Tran Thu Thuy Park Minwoo Le Nguyen Hong Phuong Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh Professor Professor Doctor Yuriko Takahashi Oishi Toshiya Takako Hashimoto Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Judges Committee 20

Host University History VNU University of Economics and Business (Vietnamese: Trường Đại học Kinh tế, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội), or Hanoi University of Economics and Business, is a member of Viet- nam National University, Hanoi. The university was established under Decision 290/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on 6 March 2007. However, its historical origin dates back to 1974 with the establishment of the Political Economy Department at the Univer- sity of Hanoi. The college then underwent several transformations before becoming the College of Economics in 2007. Mission Providing the society with high-quality human resources oriented to experts and lead- ers in the fields of economics, management and business administration to meet the needs of quality, e ective and sustainable development of Vietnam. ; research and transfer research results to the Government, organizations, enterprises and society; create a favorable environment to create, nurture and develop talents in the fields of modern economics, management and business administration. Vission Become an applied research-oriented university ranked on par with advanced univer- sities in the world, including a number of disciplines and majors accredited by higher education quality accreditation organizations reputable in the world. 21 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University

Host University Organizing Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Truc Le Le Trung Thanh Nguyen Anh Thu Doctor MSc Nguyen Duc Lam Pham Bich Ngoc Organizing Committee Nguyen Thi Nguyet Nuong Nguyen Bich Ha Tran Thi Hong Ngoc Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University 22

Host University Students of University of Economics and Business Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai Tran Thi Mai Khanh Duong Viet Hoang Pham Quynh Trang Nguyen Minh Hoa Nguyen Anh Duc Ngo Hoang Long Nguyen Thi Dao Hoang Tu Quynh Truong Thi Tu Anh Ngo Thi Thanh Nhan Ha Thi Kieu Diem 23 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University

Host University Students of University of Economics and Business Nguyen Thuy Phuong Nguyen Thanh Thao Vo Bui Khoi Nguyen Nguyen Thi Anh Duong An Huy Ma Thi Hai Yen Nguyen Minh Hien Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University 24

Host University GPAC Volunteer Students Core Team Phan Duc Thao Nguyen Nguyen Quynh Trang Truong Le Quynh Huong Dang Quynh Chi Vu Pham Phuong Thao Nguyen Thi Ngan Chu Minh Ngoc Hoang Anh Quan Dinh Thanh Thao Nguyen Van Manh Dinh Thanh Thao 25 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University

Host University GPAC Volunteer Students Member Vien Thi Ha My Le Phuong Linh Pham Tuong Vy Nguyen Nhat Anh Nguyen Thuy Trang Le Dao Hanh Trang Nguyen Thanh Dat Tran Ngoc Lam Dang Vu Ngoc Linh Tran Thu Phuong Le Quang Hung Bui Khanh Ly Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University 26

Host University GPAC Volunteer Students Member Vu Ba Lam Nhi Thai Duy Minh Nguyen Thi Ngan Tran Thi Thang Hoang Thi Thanh An Nguyen Phuc Hieu Phan Huy Anh Luong Thi Thanh Huong 27 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Host University

ACTIVITIES I. Schedule of GPAC 2023 Activity Place Time Students Professors Students Professors 11:00 - 15:00 and Sta and Sta WELCOME DAY - 26th AUGUST Meeting at airport & pick- Noi Bai Airport - Hanoi up to hotel 15:00 - 16:00 Arriving at the hotel Center for Women and 16:00 - 17:30 Hotel check - in Development (CWD), 20 Thuy Khue Street 17:30 Leaving the Hotel to Campus Hall 801, Fl. 8th 18:00 - 18:30 Campus tour E4, 144 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay 18:30 - 20:30 Check-in & Welcome Party FIELD TRIP 1 - 27th AUGUST 7:00 - 8:00 Breakfast CWD 8:30 - 11:30 Leaving for City Tour Temple of Literature / Old Quarter 11:30 - 13:00 Lunch 13:00 -14:30 Hanoi Museum Pham Hung Street, 14:30 Move to Hotel Hanoi CWD 18:00 - 19:15 Dinner CWD Team Free CWD 19:30 -20:30 Discussion and Preparation Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Schedule of GPAC 2023 28

6:30 - 7:15 CORE DATE 1 - 28th AUGUST CWD Breakfast 7:30 - 8:15 Move to Campus Hall 801, E4, 144 Xuan 8:30 - 9:30 Opening ceremony and Photo Thuy, Cau Giay session Professors Presentation meeting & R.505, 9:30 - 10:00 preparation discussing 506, 507, 801, Fl. 8th &Taking a topic for Mixed 508 group picture Group (8 Fl. 5th questions) Parallel sessions Topic 1 Topic 2 Regional Digital economic transformation integration and the future (R. 505, 5th Fl.) of work (1) 10:00 - 12:00 (R. 506, 5th Fl.) R. 505, 506, 507, 508 802, Fl. 8th Topic 2 Topic 3 Digital Economic Hall 801, Fl. 8th transformation growth and and the future development of work (2) in emerging (R.507, 5th Fl.) markets (R.508, 5th Fl.) 12:30 Lunch at campus 14:00 - 16:00 Plenary Sessions (Best Paper presentation) 16:00 Announce the Best Paper Announce Mixed Group and 16:00 - 16:15 the Topic for Mixed Group Presentation 16:30 - 18:00 Mixed Group Discussion and Preparation 18:00 Dinner 18:30 - 20:00 Mixed Group Discussion and Preparation 29 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Schedule of GPAC 2023

7:00 - 8:00 CORE DATE 2 - 29th AUGUST CWD Breakfast 8:15 - 8:45 Move to Campus Parallel sessions (Mixed Groups) 9:00 - 10:00 Mixed Topic 1 Mixed Topic 2 R. 505, 506, 507 (R. 505, 5th Fl.) (R. 506, 5th Fl.) Mixed Topic 3 (R.507, 5th Fl.) 10:15 - 10:45 Plenary Sessions (Best Paper presentation) 10:45 Announce the Best Paper for 801 Mixed Group Closing Ceremony and Award 10:45 - 11:15 the Certificate Group Photos 11:15 - 13:15 Lunch On campus 13:30 Move back to hotel Afternoon Free 16:30 Move to Restaurant 17:30 - 21:00 Farewell Party & Talent Show Sen Ho Tay (Bu et Restaurant) Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Schedule of GPAC 2023 30

FIELD TRIP 2 - 30th AUGUST 6:00 - 6:30 Breakfast CWD 7:00 - 9:00 Move to Trang An Ninh Binh City Landscape Complex Trang An Landscape 9:30 - 12:00 Enjoy Trang An Complex Landscape Restaurant 12:30-13:30 Lunch 13:30 - 15:30 Depart for Hanoi Back to the CWD hotel 15:30 Free time FAREWELL DAY - 31st AUGUST 7:00 Breakfast CWD Noi Bai Airport 8:00 Transfer to airport (Bus 17:00 1) 20:00 Transfer to airport (Bus 2) Transfer to airport (Bus 3) 31 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Schedule of GPAC 2023

ACTIVITIES II. Academic Activities 1. Main Topic The big topic that connects these three themes is \"The Future of the Asia Pacific Economy” which provides a comprehensive picture to examine the connection between regional eco- nomic integration, digital transformation and the future of work, as well as economic growth and development in emerging markets in the Asia Pacific countries. 2. Branch Topics In the first Core Date, each group will present their research topic to the Judges Committee in the relevant field in Branch Topics. At each session, the teams gave a 15-minute presen- tation, followed by a 10-minute Q&A session. Then the Judges Committee will select one Best Paper for the Group Presentation. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Academic Activities 32

REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION RMB INTERNATIONALIZATION: ANALYSIS OF CURRENT STATE AND POLICY EFFECTIVENESS Yi Hsiang, Chen; Chun-Lin, Yang; Cheng-Hsiang, Yeh; Tzu-Chieh, Lin; Ting-Fang, Yeh National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group aims to explore the possibility of internationalizing China’s currency Renminbi (RMB), understanding the fact that China not only is the sec- ond-largest economy and the largest export-oriented economy but also possesses the world’s third most active payment currency. Despite the RMB’s significant growth rate in all indicators, they recognize the current obstacles to this challenge, i.e. the overpowering presence of the dollar currency and a lack of clear path for internationalization. Their research would primarily focus on RMB internationalization policies, examining three dimensions. They will first analyze financial market and capital control policies. Afterwards, they would delve into RMB exchange rate regime policies and study cross-border agree- ment policies. Ultimately, the group would assess the success and failure of past policies to provide a future vision for existing policies and a pathway towards implementing RMB internationalization. REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN ASIA: BENEFITS, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL Minji Lee, Sungbin Kwon, Donghyeon An, Seryeong Lee, Soowon Lee Seoul National University Topic Summary: This research group delves into the concept of regional economic integra- tion within Asia, defining it as the systematic reduction of trade and investment barriers, regulatory alignment, and collaborative e orts among countries to establish a seamless and interconnected regional market. Their primary focus revolves around pivotal regional economic initiatives, recognizing them as e ective mechanisms to drive economic integra- tion. Notable initiatives include APEC, ASEAN, (CP)TPP, RCEPT, and the Indian-Pacific Eco- nomic Framework (IPEF). Subsequently, the group explores the historical context surround- ing these integration endeavors. Moreover, they demonstrate the advantages encom- passing economic, political, social, and cultural aspects, while also addressing the chal- lenges that stem from the current state of economic integration. These challenges encom- pass diverse economic structures, protectionist tendencies, infrastructural limitations, polit- ical and geopolitical tensions, and socioeconomic disparities. In conclusion, the research group contemplates the potential for the expansion of economic integration, underscoring the importance of ongoing e orts in this realm. 33 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic

REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION REGIONAL COOPERATION IN ASEAN IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL MINIMUM TAX (GMT) ENFORCEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Ngo Thi Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Truong Thi Tu Anh, Nguyen Thi Anh, Nguyen Thi Dao University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University Topic Summary: The implication of this paper is to target at analyzing and assessing the opportunities and challenges of ASEAN regional cooperation in the context of GMT enforcement. In the era of globalization, ensuring fair and consensus - based tax enforce- ment has become a top priority in economic management. The Global Minimum Tax (GMT) is a new measure which is aimed at reducing profit shifted by multinational enterprises (MNEs) to low-tax jurisdictions, in order to create a fair and healthy competitive business environment. Not only does this measure bring benefits in terms of tax fairness but it also creates a fair business environment, attracts investment, and promotes sustainable devel- opment in the region. However, implementing GMT also poses challenges in terms of har- monizing tax legislation, managing data and information, as well as addressing issues related to tax injustice and tax competition. On this ground, the authors’ research aim is to propose solutions to promote ASEAN regional cooperation. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic 34

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK THE POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF E-COMMERCE IN ASIA - FINANCE AND STRATEGY ANALYSIS Yi-Lin Chang, An-Ni Lin, BenJamin Lu Chin, Shih-Jui Wu, Yi-Hong Lin National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group delves into the potential of E-commerce to drive eco- nomic growth and regional cooperation in Asia. Through comparing various business models and strategies employed across Asia, they examine the global development of E-commerce and highlight its significance in the digital economy. They will focus on the impacts of E-commerce on regional economic integration, shedding light on how E-com- merce can facilitate economic ties, streamline trade, and foster regional cooperation within ASEAN. They will also explore the potential of E-commerce in shaping the future of work through skill development and the gig economy. Their presentation will finally o er strategic recommendations to unlock the full potential of E-commerce for sustainable economic growth. SOUTHEAST ASIA FAST PAYMENT SYSTEM YenMin Hsieh, Chuan-Hsuan Tseng, Jr-Ying Lee, Tzu-Ling Hsu, Cheng-Kuan Liu National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group sets out to investigate the progress of rapid payment services across various nations in Southeast Asia and consider the possibility of linking these payment networks across the region. They settled on this subject having noticed the major shift in customer behavior away from cash towards digital payments because of technological breakthroughs and the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the capability of elec- tronic payment systems to decrease the risks involved with currency exchange while improving everyday convenience. Their presentation will examine case studies of key coun- tries in the area, such as Thailand's PromptPay platform, Malaysia's DuitNow, and Singa- pore's PayNow. By evaluating how each country advanced their domestic payment net- works, this team will share insights into integrating fast payment systems in Southeast Asia and propose potential paths for additional progress. 35 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK A SUCCESSFUL CONTENT ECOMMERCE MECHANISM ON DCARD: ANALYSING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPONSORED AND NONSPONSORED MARKETING INFLUENCE ON CUSTOMERS Jun-Xian Lin, Yu-Hsin Chang Hsin-Yu Yeh, Tien-Cheng Yao Chia-Yi Lu National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group aims to look into new online marketing techniques alongside advancing technologies and platforms. Particularly, they want to investigate the e ectiveness of influencer marketing, a form of marketing that relies primarily on endorse- ments and credibility, as regulations required sponsorship disclosure and platform policies limited collaboration e ectiveness. They further examine typical consumer marketing’s potential as an alternative to influencer sponsorship and analyze how it could be imple- mented comprehensively on Dcard, a social platform for Taiwanese youth. They rely on interviews with influencers and university student surveys to derive their results. Through studying the relationship between sponsorship, trust and impacts, they hope to identify one mechanism to address the challenge and reach a conclusion as to whether typical consumer marketing, when conducted systematically, can overcome credibility issues in an online marketplace where transparency and authenticity are highly valued. DIGITAL PAYMENT: PAYMENT MARKET AND THE TREND OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION Yu-han Chen, Chia-yi Lo, Yi-fang Chien, Hsu-chien Kuo, Shih-hsun Wei National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the history of digital payment, global and Taiwan market, as well as competitors in the industry. They became interested in the subject, realizing how the progress of digital payment has revolu- tionized the way we conduct financial transactions, o ering a more convenient and acces- sible experience for users worldwide. Their presentation would shed light on the competi- tive landscapes of digital payment markets by identifying major competitors and their strategies. They will also demonstrate the importance of transaction flows, transaction fees, market participants, and the strategies adopted by market participants to gain a competitive advantage. In summary, the team would deliver valuable insights through its thorough evaluation of this evolving sector - from the developmental history and present global and domestic scene, to the key players and competitive dynamics that will define future leadership in digital finance. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic 36

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK DX IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: CATCH THE FUTURE WITH “NO-CODE TOOL” Igarashi Kizashi, Sena Samegima, Omori Chisato, Murase Yusuke Chiba University of Commerce Topic Summary: This presentation will focus on improving Legacy Systems in Japanese companies and suggesting methods and proposals for overcoming a hindrance to DX transformation by investigating two major problems. First, some managers in Japanese companies are concerned with taking risks associated with investing in unpredictable sys- tems or applications while still relying on outdated infrastructure. In addition, they need to cost and take time to implement new systems. As they already have possessed functional applications, they are hesitant to invest time and resources. It is pointed out that the risk of system troubles increases by continuing to use the existing systems, and the maintenance costs of the existing systems also become high. Background of legacy systems and exam- ples are given to illustrate the current conditions and issues in Japan. Subsequently, their research proposes methods to address legacy systems. PLATFORM WORKERS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION Hong Yun A, Kim Tae Hun, Park Se Yong, Kim Garam, Oh Yoonseo Seoul National University Topic Summary: This group investigates the profound digital transformation that has per- meated various facets of daily life, driven by the government-imposed health regulations stemming from the COVID pandemic, particularly within the Asia-Pacific region. Digital transformation involves leveraging digital technologies to either innovate new or modify existing business processes, cultural norms, and customer experiences in response to evolving market and business demands. The group thoroughly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages inherent in digital transformation. Moreover, they shift their focus to a novel employment model known as platform work, characterized by organizations or indi- viduals utilizing online platforms to connect with others for the purpose of solving specific problems or delivering particular services. Examples include software development, deliv- ery services, and cleaning. The study showcases successful instances, such as Grab and Baemin, while also engaging in a critical examination of the associated downsides of this employment model. Furthermore, the group delves into the concerted e orts that have been undertaken to address these challenges. 37 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK EVALUATING THE BENEFITS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION FOR WORKFORCE PRACTICES IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR: APPROACHING FROM THE PATIENT'S PERSPECTIVE Nguyen Minh Hien, Duong Viet Hoang, Tran Thi Mai Khanh, Ngo Hoang Long University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University Topic Summary: This research’s aim is to explore the e ects of digital transformation on workforce practices and patient experiences in healthcare. The study evaluates the impact on patient access, communication, satisfaction, and outcomes in order to provide valuable insights for enhancing healthcare through digital transformation. Data for this study will be collected through patient surveys. Surveys will gather information on patient demographics of Vietnam First-level hospitals, their experiences with healthcare sta utiliz- ing digital interventions, and their perceptions of the benefits derived from digital transfor- mation. Therefore, the authors will give comments about the advantage of digital transfor- mation for workforce practices in healthcare sector: It can guide healthcare organizations in optimizing digital tools and strategies to support healthcare sta , improve job satisfac- tion, and enhance patient experiences. BUSINESSES ENTERING EMERGING MARKET: CASE OF THAILAND Kitano Tomohiro, Konno Yuma, Morishi Tachibana, Kosuke Yoshimura, Yuta Ikenaga, Kiichirou Taga Waseda University Topic Summary: This research group aims to settle the debate around the impact of digital transformation on the global economy. While some argue it promotes growth through innovation, others say it replaces jobs that could be easily automated. As companies pursue digitalization but its impacts are mixed, there is no clear consensus on how it a ects labor markets and the overall economy. They examine the macroeconomic impact of digi- tal transformation focusing on Asia - China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Thailand. By analyzing these countries, they argue that digitalization may not necessarily boost growth and could increase unemployment. The group employed a VAR model to assess the relationship between digitalization and macroeconomic indicators over time and also used previous research on the European Union to validate their approach. By using quantitative time series modeling and lessons from parallel studies, they would help understand ongoing digital disruption worldwide. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic 38

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FUTURE OF WORK FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL SOCIETY IN VIETNAM AND PROPOSING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMBER OF PRIORITY CAREERS Ha Thi Kieu Dien, Vo Bui Khoi Nguyen, Nguyen Thuy Phuong, Nguyen Thanh Thao, Ma Thi Hai Yen University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University Topic Summary: The research results aim to build a model based on a theoretical frame- work for the availability of digital cities and the DTI index set of Vietnam. This study uses the AHP method to provide evaluation indices for each factor's impact on the degree of digital social transformation in Vietnam. It also employs multivariable linear regression analysis to determine the criteria that influence the digital marketing industry in the context of digital transformation. Consequently, the writers identified five main factors a ecting the level of digital society transformation in Vietnam: Digital awareness, digital institutions, digital human resources, digital infrastructure, and cybersecurity. The results show that the digital infrastructure factor is the most important factor with practical significance for policies, businesses, and individuals in Vietnam, promoting the process of digital social transforma- tion. The study highlights the importance of digital infrastructure, digital human resources and knowledge, and e-government services in the digital society transformation. Increas- ing digital literacy among the population, improving digital infrastructure, and expanding -government services can help facilitate a strong transition to a digital society in Vietnam. Moreover, the study also proposes some solutions to contribute to the development of the digital marketing industry in Vietnam. 39 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS THE IMPACT TOWARD CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FROM THE SHORTER MARKET TREND Hao Ting Chang, Ting Tzu Lai, Wen Ju Lin, Hsin Yu Wang National Chengchi University Topic Summary: This research group explores the impact of shorter-term market trends on consumer behavior. Such trends leverage limited-time availability and novelty to stimulate impulse purchases, exemplified by pop-up stores and fast fashion. As Gen Z consumers are influenced by peers and social media, the team wants to understand reasons for this stra- tegic approach. Their research aims to investigate consumer reactions to new digital mar- keting-driven trends, examine campaign e ectiveness, provide industry strategies, and raise public awareness. Their presentation would introduce the causes of this phenomenon, diving into market competition, the rise of social media celebrities and shorter product cycles. They will investigate practical examples and use a questionnaire focusing on pur- chasing habits to answer their research questions. By surveying attitudes towards limited o ers, the team would gain insight into targeted strategies under these accelerating market conditions and their impacts on buyers. SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES: THE JAPANESE CONVENIENCE STORE IN THAILAND MARKETS Yuzuki Shindo, Shiori Koide, Ririko Yoshida, Tomo Kotani Chiba University of Commerce Topic Summary: This research was aimed to study the development of emerging econo- mies, focusing on the market in Thailand, an emerging country, which has the second larg- est number of Japanese-a liated convenience stores in the world after Japan. Among convenience store operators, Lawson is playing an active role in Thailand's economic development and friendly relations between Thailand and Japan. In addition, their research is to find a model case when Japanese companies expand their business in the Asia - Pacific region. From the research, convenience stores in Thailand have achieved high sales by di erentiating themselves from their competitors and considering infrastructure strategies and the number of stores. However, when considering overseas expansion, the company faces challenges such as being sustainable and responding to changes in needs and quality. Through this presentation, the authors will propose solutions to the challenges associated with trying to expand overseas services in developing emerging countries. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic 40

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING MARKETS GROWTH FACTORS AND CHALLENGES Kim Leejune, Baek Jiyoon, Lee Sir Young, Lee Changbeen, Lee Heejun Seoul National University Topic Summary: This research group delves into the history of Asian development, specifi- cally focusing on the economic growth of countries such as Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, ASEAN countries, China, and India. They aim to compare the growth trajectories of Asia and Western economies, exploring factors such as government intervention, industry focus, and di erences in target markets. Following their analysis, the group draws conclusions regarding the common factors that have driven the rapid growth of Asian economies. They examine the roles of labor, resources, and technology in this pro- cess. To support their theories, they provide examples from China, Saudi Arabia, and Korea. Additionally, the group identifies existing challenges that may a ect the continued devel- opment of these economies. FDI CAPITAL RESOURCE IN EMERGING ECONOMIC COUNTRIES FROM 2018 TO 2023 AND EXPERIENCE FOR VIETNAM Nguyen Anh Duc, Nguyen Minh Hoa, Hoang Tu Quynh, Pham Quynh Trang, Duong An Huy University of Economics and Business – Vietnam National University Topic Summary: This study focuses on exploring growth opportunities and applying rele- vant lessons learned from developed countries in Asia to Vietnam. The authors focus on evaluating and analyzing economic data, policies and related indicators such as FDI in emerging Asian economies. In addition, the research team conducted a survey to collect data and opinions on emerging economies, and compared and analyzed the factors a ecting the success or failure of the construction and development of Asia's emerging economies. Empirical results identify four key factors that play an important role in driving emerging economic growth in the region, including: Infrastructure, education, technology and economic management. These findings not only suggest potential growth opportuni- ties for Vietnam in key sectors such as information technology, tourism, agriculture, and exports but they also suggest lessons that can help Vietnam and other emerging econo- mies avoid mistakes and capitalize on growth opportunities. 41 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Branch Topic

activities 3. Mixed - Group Topics After the first part of the competition, the information about Mixed – Group Topics and list of each group will be announced. Mixed group students will continue to present to the Judges Committee and take part in a competition between other Mixed – Groups. The Judges Committee will select the Best Paper for Mixed – Group. III. Cultural Exchange Activities 1. Introduction Throughout the GPAC conference, international professors, lecturers and students have oppor- tunities to exchange cultural characteristics among countries, learn cultural values to enrich national cultural identity. These exchanges create connections between universities in par- ticular and countries in general. 2. Activities Some specific activities: - Welcome Party - Hanoi City Tour - Farewell Party - Ninh Binh Tour Besides, VNU-UEB is also willing to bring interesting experiences about famous destina- tions, magnificent landscapes that are only available in Vietnam. Some specific destinations: - The Old Quarter - Temple of Literature - Hoan Kiem Lake - Hanoi Museum - Trang An Landscape Complex Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities 42

IV. How Integration, Digital transformation and Economic growth connect with Cultural exchange? 1. Regional economic integration “…In other words, regional economic integration brings about significant social and cultural benefits. It promotes cultural exchange and understanding, fosters social cohesion and inclusivity…” (Group 3 SNU) In fact, after integrating into regional economy in the beginning of the 21st century, while some vital services like transportation, telecommunication or finance in Vietnam faced deficits, tourism was the only service industry to gain surplus. This is unsurprisingly due to a wide range of tourist attractions in the country: Regarding the mountainous region, we got… Fansipan peak - Lao Cai as the highest mountain in Vietnam and in Indochina, Fansipan Mountain o ers breathtaking views of the surrounding valleys, verdant forests, and tradi- tional hill villages. Whether you are an avid trekker or just want to reach the mountain top, Fansipan promises an unforgettable experience that will leave you in complete awe. 43 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities

Ba Na Hill Resort is one of the many destinations that you definitely can not miss when going on a Da Nang tour. For a long time, this “hill” has been considered as “the trump card” that attracts thousands of visitors to Da Nang each year. With beautiful sceneries and many attractive games, Ba Na Hills promises to bring tourists many exciting experi- ences. As regards the marine region, we got… Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities 44

Ha Long Bay viewed from above, it looks like an extremely vivid huge drawing. This is a wonderful and skilful masterpiece of the Creation and of nature that turns thousands of dumb soulless stone islands into fantastic sculptural and artistic works of various graceful shapes, both familiar and strange to human beings. Thousands of islands emerging uneven in the fanciful waves look strong and magnificent but also mild and vivid. Amidst these islands we feel as if we were astray in a petrified legendary world. With smooth and sandy beaches running across the coast, Da Nang beach is voted by Forbes (U.S.) to be 1 of 6 most beautiful beaches in the world. Emerge yourself in the sap- phire water, play with the waves or just sunbathe on the fine beach and you will get to relax and unwind after a hard working day. What’s more, a selection of beach games are avail- able on your demand: canoeing, parasailing, jet-skiing, banana boats, scuba-diving,... 2. Digital transformation and the future of work “...Several online marketing methods emerged with the rise of new technologies and plat- forms, one of the most prevalent being influencer marketing which operates mainly upon sponsorship and credibility...” (Group Marketing 2 NCCU) 45 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities

For example, thanks to the popularity of TikTok - a video-sharing app, many interesting topics such as food or tourist attractions have been accessed to people all over the world. In 2019, a food campaign called #ancungTikTok was o cially launched by this platform to introduce Vietnamese culinary culture along the length of the country: Pho bo is a combination of stewed beef bone broth and some grilled vegetables, served with thinly sliced beef and flat noodles. As with most Vietnamese dishes, the biggest factor in how delicious a bowl of pho is lies in the broth, which is cooked overnight to ensure the full flavour is extracted from the beef bones. Pho is best when served with chilli sauce and vinegar, sometimes a poached egg. Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities 46

The sauce of Bun cha is prepared very well, salty, sour and sweet with a little spicy from ground pepper. A bowl of vermicelli has 3 types of meat: flat pork patties, thinly sliced pork belly, and minced pork rolled with river bones, served with fresh vegetables. President Obama visited Vietnam in 2016 and had a good impression of this dish after experiencing it. Spring rolls have a general recipe of pork, vermicelli, wood ear, shiitake, bean or kohlrabi, egg, and garlic wrapped in rice paper. The remaining ingredients are indispensable such as fish sauce and pepper. In order for the spring rolls to achieve the best flavour, they should be fried with lard. The process of making a bowl of dipping sauce is equally sophisticated. Sliced papaya or kohlrabi and sliced carrots mixed in. Delicious fish sauce with sugar, vine- gar, garlic, and chili mixed with filtered water to make it light enough so that diners can fully enjoy the salty and sweet flavor from the ingredients used to wrap the spring rolls. 47 Global Partnership of Asian Colleges | Cultural Exchange Activities