Body System Flipbook

Body System Flip Book By Kayla Gast Health Science 1 Table of Contents

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsIntegumentary System: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Musculoskeletal System: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Nervous System: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Special Senses: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Cardiovascular: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Respiratory: Function: Table of Contents

Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Digestive: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Urinary System: Function: Vocabulary: Key Term: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Reproductive System: Function: Vocabulary: Key Terms: Diseases/Disorders: Health Care Careers:Bibliography Ehrilich, Ana, and Carol L. Schroeder. \"Robot Check.\" Robot Check. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016. Table of Contents

Integumentary System:Function:The function of the integumentary system is to protect your body with yourskin. Your skin protects your body from fluid loss, it plays an important partin your immune system from getting sick easier from having thingsexposed, and skin helps the body synthesize fro vitamin D from the sun.Vocabulary: 1. hair= helps control loss of body heat 2. nails= protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger 3. cuticle= narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail 4. sweat= sweat gland produce water/salt waste 5. lunula= pale half moon shape on nial 6. comedo= lesion formed by buildup 7. papule= small raised skin lesion less than 0.5 cm 8. plaque= small raised skin lesion more than 0.5 cm 9. macule= discolored flat spot 10. nodule= small bumpKey Terms: 1. derm/o=dermat/o= skin 2. keret/o=horny,hard,cornea 3. xer/o=dry 4. xanth/o=yellow 5. erythr/o=red 6. pedicu/o=lice 7. onych/o=fingernail or toenail 8. myc/o=fungus Table of Contents

9. pil/o=hair 10. albin/o=whiteDiseases/Disorders:Some skin conditions and or disorders that are common are Fungal Skin,Infections which is caused by yeast. A Parasitic Skin Infections which isbites that are irritated from bugs. Skin Cancer is an abnormal growth ofcells in the skin. These things can be caused by a lot of things like like ofhygiene, to much exposure to the sun, and may be genetic or naturalcauses.Health Care Careers:There are many careers that deal with the skin like an Esthetician who treatfacial skin to improve the appearance like hair removal, cosmetics,andfacial expressions. Another career path is a Paramedical Esthetician whoworks with dermatologist and plastic surgeons. Another career is aDermatology Nurse Certified (DNC) which is a RN trained to deal andinform dermatology patients. A Burn Care Nurse is a nurse who treatsburned patients. Most commonly known a Dermatologist who works withskin problems etc.. Table of Contents

Musculoskeletal System:Function:The Musculoskeletal system main functions are allowing motion, supportingthe body, and protecting vital organs. The musculoskeletal system is madeup of muscle, the bones from the skeleton, cartilage, tendons, ligaments,joints , and other connective tissues. These connective tissues supportsand groups the organs and joints together.Vocabulary: 1. Rotation= circular movement around an axis 2. Rotator Axis= turns a body on an axis 3. Skeletal muscles= attached to the bones in the skeleton 4. Smooth muscles= located in the walls of the internal organs 5. Cardiac muscles= muscular wall in the heart 6. kinesiology= is the study of muscular activity 7. contraction= tightening of a muscle 8. Relaxation= muscle is in it original form 9. muscle tone= normal state of balanced muscle tension 10. abductor= muscles moves away from midlineKey Terms:my/o= musclemyel/o= spinal cord, bone marrowoste/o= bonecost/o= ribcrani/o= skull-pexy= surgical fixationchrondr/o= cartilagearthr/o= joint Table of Contents

-plegia= paralysis, strokekinesi/o= movementDiseases/Disorders:Some common diseases in the musculoskeletal system are arthritis.Arthritis is when the joint tissues ages over time causing it to become easyto tear and cause pain in main areas. Another is Osteoporosis, is when thecalcium on the bone starts to wear off causing the bone to lose density andcan become easily fractured. Carpal tunnel syndrome is very common forpeople who have a job where they have to flex their wrist repetitively. Thiscould cause inflammation in the arm, fingers, and wrist. Another disorder isMyofascial Damage which is caused by overworking the muscleHealth Care Careers:There are many health care options that work with musculoskeletal systemlike, Chiropractors they put the body back in alignment. Another job is aRecreational Therapist who coordinates activities for people with disabilitiesor illnesses. Kinesiologist is someone who studies the muscles and theirmovement. Table of Contents

Nervous System:Function:The function of the nervous system is to control and command the body.The brain is the coordinates all these body activities. Without the brain thebody dies.Vocabulary: 1. Central Nervous System= brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral nervous system= 12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves 3. Autonomic nervous system= peripheral nerves and ganglia 4. tract= group of nerve fibers within the brain and spinal cords 5. ganglion= knotlike mass of nerve cells 6. innervation= supply of nerves to a body part 7. receptors= sites in the sensory organs 8. stimulus= anything that excites a nerves 9. impulse= wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons 10. neuron= basic cell in the nervous systemKey Terms:neur/o= nerve, nerve tissueencephal/o= brainmyel/o= spinal cord, bone marrowambu/o=-esthesia=sensation, feelingmening/o= membranes, meningespsych/o= mindconcuss/o= shaken together, violently agitated Table of Contents

Diseases/Disorders:Some disorders of the brain are Alzheimer’s disease which is adegenerative disease which causes progressive memory loss, impairedcognition, and personality changes. Another is Parkinson’s disease whichis a degenerative disorder which causes a masklike facial expression. Thisis caused by muscle tremors. Also some are developmental disorders likeMental Retardation which is a below average general intelligence function.Another is Autistic Disorder which is where a young child cannot developnormal social relationships and behaviors. Other disorders can beSubstance-Related disorders like Alcoholism where the body depends onthe substance. There are many more disorders like mood disorders, panicdisorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, phobias, etc...Health Care Careers:Some career options are Electroencephalographic (EEG) Technologist whorecord the electrical activity of the brain. Social workers are trained to helppeople which disorders or diseases make adjustments for a normal life.Some examples are Child Welfare and Family Counseling, CorrectionCounseling, Geriatric and Hospice Work, Health Care Social Work,Occupational Social Work, and Psychiatric Social Work. Table of Contents

Special Senses:Function:The special senses are the eyes and the ears, they both sensory receptororgans. The function of the eyes is to receive images and transmit them tothe brain for it to process and figure out what we see. The function of theEars is to receive sound impulses and send them to the brain.Vocabulary: 1. orbit= eye socket; bony cavity of the skull 2. Upper and lower eyelid= protects the eye from foreign matter 3. canthus= angle where the upper and lower eyelid meet 4. Inner canthus= where the eyelids meet near the nose 5. tarsus= platelike framework within the upper and lower eyelid 6. eyebrows/eyelashes= prevent foreign matter from entering the eye 7. conjunctiva= mucous membrane that line the underside of each eyelid 8. Lacrimal apparatus: located on the outer corner of each eye 9. globe= the eyeball 10. Lacrimal duct= passageway that drains the lacrimal fluid into the noseKey Terms:irid/o=-cusis= hearing-iopia= iris, colored part of eyeot/o= ear, hearingtymapn/o= tympanic membrane, eardrumopthalm/o=-metry= to measure Table of Contents

Diseases/Disorders:Some functional defects of the eye are Diplopia which is double vision.Another is Hemianopia which is blindness in one head of vision. ARefractive Disorder us when the lense and cornea do not blend light, so itdoesn’t focus properly. Another disorder is blindness which is the loss ofvision entirely.Some ear disorders are hearing loss which can be the loss of some soundor all of sound completelyHealth Care Careers:Some Career options that involve the eye or the ear are Ocularist whospecializes in fitting artificial eyes. Or a Optometric Technician who worksunder the optometrist, they prepare patients for examinations to getcontacts or glasses. An Audiologist providescare to people with hearing problems. Table of Contents

Cardiovascular:Function:The function of the cardiovascular system is to have blood circulate throughthe vessels through the cells with oxygen and nutrients.Vocabulary: 1. pericardium= double-walled membrane sac that encloses the heart 2. Pericardial fluid= between the layers, prevents friction when heart beats 3. epicardium= external layer of the heart 4. myocardium= middle and thickest of the 3 layers 5. endocardium= lining in the heart 6. atria= 2 upper chambers of the heart 7. Tricuspid valve= controls opening between right atrium and right ventricle 8. Systemic circulation= flow of blood between all organs except the lungs 9. Electrical impulse= rate and regularity of the heartbeat 10. Sinoatrial node= located in the posterior wall of the right atriumKey Terms:cardi/o= heartangi/o= blood or lymph vesselshem/o, hemat/o= deep red iron- containing pigmentbrady-= slowtachy-= fast, rapidthromb/o= clot-emia= blood, blood conditionleuk/o= white Table of Contents

erythr/o=redarteri/o= arteryDiseases/Disorders:Some diseases that involve the cardiovascular system are coronary arterydisease which is when the arteries that can cause angina pectoris and canlead to sudden death. Another is Ischemic Heart Disease which is a groupof cardiac disabilities from a lack of oxygen. Congestive Heart Failure iswhen the heart is not able to pump enoughHealth Care Careers:A Cardiologist specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases in the heart.A Hematologist specialises in diagnosing and treating disorders in theblood. Table of Contents

Respiratory:Function:The functions of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into the body forthe blood cells, get rid of waste that have been returned to the blood by theblood,produce air flow through larynx to make speech possible.Vocabulary: 1. Upper respiratory tract=nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea 2. Lower respiratory tract= bronchial tree and lungs 3. Mucus= helps to moisten, warm, and filter the air when it enters the nose 4. Cilia= thin hairs located inside the nose 5. Olfactory receptors= receptors for the sense of smell 6. tonsils= protect the body from invading organisms; protective circle around entrance of respiratory system 7. sinus=air-filled cavity within a bone 8. Paranasal sinuses= located in bones of skull 9. larynx= voice box 10. trachea= windpipeKey Terms: 1. bronch/o= bronchial tube, bronchus 2. cyan/o= blue 3. laryng/o= larynx, throat 4. -oxia= oxygen condition 5. oxy-= swift, sharp, acid 6. pleur/o= pleura 7. pneum/o= lung, air Table of Contents

8. pulmon/o= lung 9. thorac/o= chest 10. trache/o= trachea, windpipe neckDiseases/Disorders:Some breathing disorders are Tachypnea which is an abnormal fast rate ofrespiration usually more than 20 breaths per minute. Another Bradypneawhich is the abnormal slow rate of respiration usually under 10 breaths perminute. Asthma is one of the most common, it is a chronic allergic disorderthat cause episodes of difficult breathing, wheezing, and coughing.Emphysema is progressive loss of lung function by a decrease in alveoli.Health Care Careers:Some health care options are a Respiratory Therapist (RT) treats patientswith lung or heart problems administering oxygen, gages, or medicationsunder a physician's orders. A Respiratory Therapy Technician (RTT) worksunder the supervision of the RT to administer respiratory treatment. Table of Contents

Digestive:Function:The digestive system is responsible for; the intake and digestion of food,the absorption of nutrients from digested food, and the elimination of solidwaste products.Vocabulary: 1. Upper GI tract= mouth,esophagus, and stomach 2. Lower GI tract=small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus 3. palate= forms the roof of mouth 4. Hard palate= bony anterior portion 5. rugae= irregular folds in mucus membrane 6. Soft palate= flexible posterior portion of palate 7. dentition= natural teeth 8. edentulous= means without teeth 9. crown= portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth 10. enamel= strongest tissue in the bodyKey Terms: 1. cholecyst/o= gall bladder 2. enter/o= within 3. col/o, colon/o= colon, large intestine 4. hepat/o= liver 5. gastr/o= stomach, belly 6. or/o= mouth, oral cavity 7. -pepsia= digest, digestion 8. chol/o= bile, gall 9. proct/o= anus and rectum Table of Contents

Diseases/Disorders:Some dental diseases are Bruxism which is grinding and clenching of theteeth which usually occurs during sleep. Something involving theesophagus is Dysphagia which is difficulty swallowing. Gastritis is theinflammation of the stomach. An eating disorder is Anorexia which is theloss of appetite for food.Health Care Careers:A Dental Hygienist works under the supervision of a dentist, they canremove stains and deposits from the teeth, take x-ray, and the help thepatient maintain good dental health. A Dietetic Technician, Registered(DTR) works under the dietitian to plan menus, prepare food, and providebasic dietary instruction Table of Contents

Urinary System:Function:The urinary does many things like maintains homeostasis, maintains properbalance of salt, water, and acid by removing excess liquids, and constantlyfilters blood to remove wasteVocabulary: 1. Nephrons= functional units of the kidneys 2. Medulla= urine collecting tubules 3. Renal Cortex= outer layer of the kidney 4. Ureters= tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder 5. Female Urethra= carries urine for females 6. Male Urethra= carries urine for males 7. Urea= major waste projects 8. Edema= extensive fluid in body tissue 9. Hyperproteinuria= high concentration of protein in urine 10. Hypoproteinemia= low concentration of protein in bloodKey Term: 1. -cele= hernia, tumor 2. -lysis= breakdown, separation 3. cyst/o= urinary bladder 4. nephr/o= kidney 5. ren/o= kidney 6. -uria= urination, urine 7. -pexy= surgical fixation 8. -ectasis= stretching 9. pyel/o= renal pelvis Table of Contents

Diseases/Disorders:Chronic Renal Failure is when the kidney function is insufficient, alsorequires a kidney transplant. Nephrosis is the disease of the kidney.Hydroureter is when the urine cannot flow because the ureter us blocked.Cystalgia is pain in the urinary bladder.Health Care Careers:A Dialysis Technician operates the hemodialysis machine and providesemotional support for dialysis patients. A Urology/Nephrology LicensedPractical Nurse or a Certified Nursing Assistant provides care andinformation to patients to urinary and kidney problems Table of Contents

Reproductive System:Function:The function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm anddeliver them to the ovum to create a new lifeThe functions of the female reproductive is to create and support a new life,produce eggs to be fertilized by sperm, uterus provides environment fordeveloping child, and breasts produce milk to feed child.Vocabulary: 1. genitalia= reproductive organs 2. scrotum= encloses and protects testicles 3. Vas deferens= leads from epididymis to the prostate 4. Prostate gland= lies under bladder and surrounds upper urethra 5. penis= male sex organ 6. Mammary glands= milk-producing glands 7. areola= dark-pigment that surrounds nipple 8. ovaries= small almond shaped organs 9. follicle= fluid sac containing a single ovum (egg) 10. fundus= round part above fallopian tubesKey Terms: 1. cervic/o= cervix (neck of uterus) 2. salping/o= fallopian tube 3. ov/o= egg, ovum 4. orchid/o= testicles 5. oophor/o= ovary 6. men/o= menstruation, menses 7. mamm/o= breast 8. gynec/o= woman, female Table of Contents

9. colp/o= vagina 10. prostat/o= prostate glandDiseases/Disorders:Some diseases/disorders for men are Bathantis is the inflammation of thepenis glans. Azoospermia is the absence of sperm in the semen. Somediseases/disorders for women are Cervicitis which is the inflammation ofthe cervix and Metrorrhea which is the abnormal uterine discharge.Health Care Careers:A midwife assists in labor and delivery. A Mammographer is a radiologistthat specializes in performing mammograms. A Childbirth Educatorteaches expectant parents about prenatal care, childbirth, and infant care. Table of Contents

BibliographyEhrilich, Ana, and Carol L. Schroeder. \"Robot Check.\" R​ obotCheck. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2016.\"Google.\" G​ oogle. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. Table of Contents