क्षितिज २

eUuw HkaMkjh dk tUe lu~ 1931 esa xk¡o Hkkuiqjk] f”kyk eanlkSj (eè; izns'k) esa gqvk ijarq mudh baVj rd dh f'k{kk&nh{kk gqbZ jktLFkku osQ vtesj 'kgj esaA ckn esa mUgksaus ¯gnh esa ,e-,- fd;kA fnYyh osQ fejkaMk gkml dkWfyt esa vè;kiu dk;Z ls vodk'k izkfIr osQ ckn vktdy fnYyh esa gh jgdj Lora=k ys[ku dj jgh gSaA Lokra=;ksÙkj ¯gnh dFkk lkfgR; dh izeq[k gLrk{kj eUuw HkaMkjh dh izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaµ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ] ;gh lp g]S f=k'koa Qq (dgkuh&lxa gz )_ vkidk cVa h] egkHkkts (miU;kl)A blosQ vykok mUgksaus fI+kQYe ,oa Vsyhfo”ku èkkjkokfgdksa osQ fy, iVdFkk,¡ Hkh fy[kh gSaA gky gh esa 14 ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh uke ls vkRe dF; dk izdk'kuA mudh eUuw HkaMkjhlkfgfR;d miyfC/;ksa osQ fy, ¯gnh vdkneh osQ f'k[kj lEeku lfgr mUgas vusd iqjLdkj izkIr gks pqosQ gSa ftuesa Hkkjrh; Hkk\"kk ifj\"kn~] dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh] mÙkj izns'k ¯gnh laLFkku osQ iqjLdkj 'kkfey gSaA eUuw HkaMkjh dh dgkfu;k¡ gksa ;k miU;kl muesa Hkk\"kk vkSj f'kYi dh lknxh rFkk izkekf.kd vuqHkwfr feyrh gSA mudh jpukvksa esa L=kh&eu ls tqM+h vuqHkwfr;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA 2022-23

f{kfrt ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh osQ lanHkZ esa lcls igys rks ge ;g tku ysa fd eUuw HkaMkjh us ikfjHkkf\"kd vFkZ esa dksbZ flyflysokj vkRedFkk ugha fy[kh gSA vius vkRedF; esa mUgksaus mu O;fDr;ksa vkSj ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa fy[kk gS tks muosQ ys[kdh; thou ls tqM+s gq, gSaA ladfyr va'k esa eUuw th osQ fd'kksj thou ls tqM+h ?kVukvksa osQ lkFk muosQ firkth vkSj mudh dkWfyt dh izkè;kfidk 'khyk vxzoky dk O;fDrRo fo'ks\"k rkSj ij mHkjdj vk;k gS] ftUgksaus vkxs pydj muosQ ys[kdh; O;fDrRo osQ fuekZ.k esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA ysf[kdk us ;gk¡ cgqr gh [kwclwjrh ls lk/kj.k yM+dh osQ vlk/kj.k cuus osQ izkjafHkd iM+koksa dks izdV fd;k gSA lu~ *46&*47 dh vk”kknh dh vk¡/h us eUuw th dks Hkh vNwrk ugha NksM+kA NksVs 'kgj dh ;qok gksrh yM+dh us vk”kknh dh yM+kbZ esa ftl rjg Hkkxhnkjh dh mlesa mldk mRlkg] vkst] laxBu&{kerk vkSj fojks/ djus dk rjhdk ns[krs gh curk gSA 92 2022-23

eUuw HkaMkjh ,d dgkuh ;g Hkh 93 tUeh rks eè; izns'k osQ Hkkuiqjk xk¡o esa Fkh] ysfdu esjh ;knksa dk flyflyk 'kq: gksrk gS vtesj osQ czãiqjh eksgYys osQ ml nks&eaf”kyk edku ls] ftldh mQijh eaf”ky esa firkth dk lkezkT; Fkk] tgk¡ os fugk;r vO;ofLFkr <ax ls iSQyh&fc[kjh iqLrdksa&if=kdkvksa vkSj v[kckjksa osQ chp ;k rks oqQN i<+rs jgrs Fks ;k fiQj ^fMDVs'ku* nsrs jgrs FksA uhps ge lc HkkbZ&cfguksa osQ lkFk jgrh Fkha gekjh csi<+h&fy[kh O;fDrRofoghu ek¡---losjs ls 'kke rd ge lcdh bPNkvksa vkSj firk th dh vkKkvksa dk ikyu djus osQ fy, lnSo rRijA vtesj ls igys firk th bankSj esa Fks tgk¡ mudh cM+h izfr\"Bk Fkh] lEeku Fkk] uke FkkA dkaxzsl osQ lkFk&lkFk os lekt&lqèkkj osQ dkeksa ls Hkh tqM+s gq, FksA f'k{kk osQ os osQoy mins'k gh ugha nsrs Fks] cfYd mu fnuksa vkB&vkB] nl&nl fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vius ?kj j[kdj i<+k;k gS ftuesa ls dbZ rks ckn esa mQ¡ps&m¡Qps vksgnksa ij igq¡psA ;s mudh [kq'kgkyh osQ fnu Fks vkSj mu fnukas mudh nfj;kfnyh osQ ppsZ Hkh de ugha FksA ,d vksj os csgn dksey vkSj laosnu'khy O;fDr Fks rks nwljh vksj csgn ozQksèkh vkSj vgaoknhA ij ;g lc rks eSaus osQoy lqukA ns[kk] rc rks bu xq.kksa osQ HkXuko'ks\"kksa dks <ksrs firk FksA ,d cgqr cM+s vkfFkZd >VosQ osQ dkj.k os bankSj ls vtesj vk x, Fks] tgk¡ mUgksaus vius vosQys osQ cy&cwrs vkSj gkSlys ls vaxzs”kh&¯gnh 'kCndks'k (fo\"k;okj) osQ vèkwjs dke dks vkxs c<+kuk 'kq: fd;k tks viuh rjg dk igyk vkSj vosQyk 'kCndks'k FkkA blus mUgsa ;'k vkSj izfr\"Bk rks cgqr nh] ij vFkZ ugha vkSj 'kk;n fxjrh vkfFkZd fLFkfr us gh muosQ O;fDrRo osQ lkjs ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks fupksM+uk 'kq: dj fn;kA floqQM+rh vkfFkZd fLFkfr osQ dkj.k vkSj vfèkd foLiQkfjr mudk vga mUgsa bl ckr rd dh vuqefr ugha nsrk Fkk fd os de&ls&de vius cPpksa dks rks viuh vkfFkZd foo'krkvksa dk Hkkxhnkj cuk,¡A uokch vknrsa] vèkwjh egRokdka{kk,¡] ges'kk 'kh\"kZ ij jgus osQ ckn gkf'k, ij ljdrs pys tkus dh ;kruk ozQksèk cudj ges'kk ek¡ dks o¡Qikrh&FkjFkjkrh jgrh FkhaA viuksa osQ gkFkksa fo'okl?kkr dh tkus oSQlh xgjh pksVsa gksaxh os ftUgksaus vk¡[k ew¡ndj lcdk fo'okl djus 2022-23

f{kfrt okys firk dks ckn osQ fnuksa esa bruk 'kDdh cuk fn;k Fkk fd tc&rc ge yksx Hkh mldh pisV esa vkrs gh jgrsA ij ;g fir`&xkFkk eSa blfy, ugha xk jgh fd eq>s mudk xkSjo&xku djuk gS] cfYd eSa rks ;g ns[kuk pkgrh gw¡ fd muosQ O;fDrRo dh dkSu&lh [kwch vkSj [kkfe;k¡ esjs O;fDrRo osQ rkus&ckus esa xq¡Fkh gqbZ gSa ;k fd vutkus&vupkgs fd, muosQ O;ogkj us esjs Hkhrj fdu xzafFk;ksa dks tUe ns fn;kA eSa dkyh gw¡A cpiu esa nqcyh vkSj efj;y Hkh FkhA xksjk jax firk th dh de”kksjh Fkh lks cpiu esa eq>ls nks lky cM+h] [kwc xksjh] LoLFk vkSj g¡leq[k cfgu lq'khyk ls gj ckr esa rqyuk vkSj fiQj mldh iz'kalk us gh] D;k esjs Hkhrj ,sls xgjs ghu&Hkko dh xzafFk iSnk ugha dj nh fd uke] lEeku vkSj izfr\"Bk ikus osQ cko”kwn vkt rd eSa mlls mcj ugha ikbZ\\ vkt Hkh ifjp; djokrs le; tc dksbZ oqQN fo'ks\"krk yxkdj esjh ys[kdh; miyfCèk;ksa dk f”kozQ djus yxrk gS rks eSa ladksp ls fleV gh ugha tkrh cfYd xM+us&xM+us dks gks vkrh gw¡A 'kk;n vpsru dh fdlh irZ osQ uhps nch blh ghu&Hkkouk osQ pyrs eSa viuh fdlh Hkh miyfCèk ij Hkjkslk ugha dj ikrh---lc oqQN eq>s rqDdk gh yxrk gSA firk th osQ ftl 'kDdh LoHkko ij eSa dHkh HkUuk&HkUuk tkrh Fkh] vkt ,dk,d vius [kafMr fo'oklksa dh O;Fkk osQ uhps eq>s muosQ 'kDdh LoHkko dh >yd gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS---cgqr ^viuksa* osQ gkFkksa fo'okl?kkr dh xgjh O;Fkk ls mitk 94 'kdA gks'k l¡Hkkyus osQ ckn ls gh ftu firk th ls fdlh&u&fdlh ckr ij ges'kk esjh VDdj gh pyrh jgh] os rks u tkus fdrus :iksa esa eq>esa gSa---dgha oqaQBkvksa osQ :i esa] dgha izfrfØ;k osQ :i esa rks dgha izfrPNk;k osQ :i esaA osQoy ckgjh fHkUurk osQ vkèkkj ij viuh ijaijk vkSj ihf<+;ksa dks udkjus okyksa dks D;k lpeqp bl ckr dk fcyoqQy vglkl ugha gksrk fd mudk vklUu vrhr fdl dnj muosQ Hkhrj tM+ tek, cSBk jgrk gS! le; dk izokg Hkys gh gesa nwljh fn'kkvksa esa cgkdj ys tk,---fLFkfr;ksa dk ncko Hkys gh gekjk :i cny ns] gesa iwjh rjg mlls eqDr rks ugha gh dj ldrk! firk osQ Bhd foijhr Fkha gekjh csi<+h&fy[kh ek¡A èkjrh ls oqQN ”;knk gh èkS;Z vkSj lgu'kfDr Fkh 'kk;n muesaA firk th dh gj ”;knrh dks viuk izkI; vkSj cPpksa dh gj mfpr&vuqfpr I+kQjekb'k vkSj f”kn dks viuk I+kQtZ le>dj cMs+ lgt Hkko ls Lohdkj djrh Fkha osA mUgksaus ¯”knxh Hkj vius fy, oqQN ek¡xk ugha] pkgk ugha---osQoy fn;k gh fn;kA ge HkkbZ&cfguksa dk lkjk yxko ('kk;n lgkuqHkwfr ls mitk) ek¡ osQ lkFk Fkk ysfdu fugk;r vlgk; eTkcwjh esa fyiVk mudk ;g R;kx dHkh esjk vkn'kZ ugha cu ldk---u mudk R;kx] u mudh lfg\".kqrkA [kSj] tks Hkh gks] vc ;g iSr`d&iqjk.k ;gha lekIr dj vius ij ykSVrh gw¡A 2022-23

eUuw HkaMkjh 95 ik¡p HkkbZ&cfguksa esa lcls NksVh eSaA lcls cM+h cfgu dh 'kknh osQ le; eSa 'kk;n lkr lky dh Fkh vkSj mldh ,d èkq¡èkyh&lh ;kn gh esjs eu esa gS] ysfdu vius ls nks lky cM+h cfgu lq'khyk vkSj eSaus ?kj osQ cM+s ls vk¡xu esa cpiu osQ lkjs [ksy [ksysµlrksfy;k] y¡xM+h&Vk¡x] idM+e&idM+kbZ] dkyh&Vhyks---rks dejksa esa xqas&xqfM+;ksa osQ C;kg Hkh jpk,] ikl&iM+ksl dh lgsfy;ksa osQ lkFkA ;ksa [ksyus dks geus Hkkb;ksa osQ lkFk fxYyh&MaMk Hkh [ksyk vkSj irax mM+kus] dk¡p ihldj ek¡tk lwrus dk dke Hkh fd;k] ysfdu mudh xfrfofèk;ksa dk nk;jk ?kj osQ ckgj gh vfèkd jgrk Fkk vkSj gekjh lhek Fkh ?kjA gk¡] bruk ”k:j Fkk fd ml ”kekus esa ?kj dh nhokjsa ?kj rd gh lekIr ugha gks tkrh Fkha cfYd iwjs eksgYys rd iSQyh jgrh Fkha blfy, eksgYys osQ fdlh Hkh ?kj esa tkus ij dksbZ ikcanh ugha Fkh] cfYd oqQN ?kj rks ifjokj dk fgLlk gh FksA vkt rks eq>s cM+h f'kír osQ lkFk ;g eglwl gksrk gS fd viuh ¯”knxh [kqn thus osQ bl vkèkqfud ncko us egkuxjksa osQ Ý+ ySV esa jgus okyksa dks gekjs bl ijaijkxr ^iM+ksl&dYpj* ls fofPNUu djosQ gesa fdruk laoqQfpr] vlgk; vkSj vlqjf{kr cuk fn;k gSA esjh de&ls&de ,d ntZu vkjafHkd dgkfu;ksa osQ ik=k blh eksgYYks osQ gSa tgk¡ eaSus viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk xq”kkj viuh ;qokoLFkk dk vkjaHk fd;k FkkA ,d&nks dks NksM+dj muesa ls dksbZ Hkh ik=k esjs ifjokj dk ugha gSA cl budks ns[krs&lqurs] buosQ chp gh eSa cM+h gqbZ Fkh ysfdu budh Nki esjs eu ij fdruh xgjh Fkh] bl ckr dk vglkl rks eq>s dgkfu;k¡ fy[krs le; gqvkA brus o\"kks± osQ varjky us Hkh mudh Hkko&Hkafxek] Hkk\"kk] fdlh dks Hkh èkq¡èkyk ugha fd;k Fkk vkSj fcuk fdlh fo'ks\"k iz;kl osQ cMs+ lgt Hkko ls os mrjrs pys x, FksA mlh le; osQ nk lkgc vius O;fDrRo dh vfHkO;fDr osQ fy, vuqowQy ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ikrs gh ^egkHkkst* esa brus o\"kks± ckn oSQls ,dk,d thfor gks mBs] ;g esjs vius fy, Hkh vk'p;Z dk fo\"k; Fkk--- ,d lq[kn vk'p;Z dkA ml le; rd gekjs ifjokj esa yM+dh osQ fookg osQ fy, vfuok;Z ;ksX;rk Fkhµmez esa lksyg o\"kZ vkSj f'k{kk esa eSfVªdA lu~ *44 esa lq'khyk us ;g ;ksX;rk izkIr dh vkSj 'kknh djosQ dksydkrk pyh xbZA nksuksa cM+s HkkbZ Hkh vkxs i<+kbZ osQ fy, ckgj pys x,A bu yksxkas dh N=k&Nk;k osQ gVrs gh igyh ckj eq>s u, fljs ls vius o”kwn dk ,glkl gqvkA firk th dk è;ku Hkh igyh ckj eq> ij osaQfnzr gqvkA yM+fd;ksa dks ftl mez esa LowQyh f'k{kk osQ lkFk&lkFk lq?kM+ x`fg.kh vkSj oqQ'ky ikd&'kkL=kh cukus osQ uqL[ks tqVk, tkrs Fks] firk th dk vkxzg jgrk Fkk fd eSa jlksbZ ls nwj gh jgw¡A jlksbZ dks os HkfV;kj[kkuk dgrs Fks vkSj muosQ fglkc ls ogk¡ jguk viuh {kerk vkSj izfrHkk dks Hk^h esa >ksaduk FkkA ?kj esa vk, fnu fofHkUu jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa osQ tekoM+s gksrs Fks vkSj tedj cglsa gksrh FkhaA 2022-23

f{kfrt cgl djuk firk th dk fiz; 'kxy FkkA pk;&ikuh ;k uk'rk nsus tkrh rks firk th eq>s Hkh ogha cSBus dks dgrsA os pkgrs Fks fd eSa Hkh ogha cSBw¡] lquw¡a vkSj tkuw¡ fd ns'k esa pkjksa vksj D;k oqQN gks jgk gSA ns'k esa gks Hkh rks fdruk oqQN jgk FkkA lu~ *42 osQ vkanksyu osQ ckn ls rks lkjk ns'k tSls [kkSy jgk Fkk] ysfdu fofHkUu jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa dh uhfr;k¡] muosQ vkilh fojksèk ;k erHksnksa dh rks eq>s nwj&nwj rd dksbZ le> ugha FkhA gk¡] ozQkafrdkfj;ksa vkSj ns'kHkDr 'kghnksa osQ jksekuh vkd\"kZ.k] mudh oqQckZfu;ksa ls ”k:j eu vkozQkar jgrk FkkA lks nloha d{kk rd vkye ;g Fkk fd fcuk fdlh [kkl le> oQs ?kj eas gkus s okyh cglas luq rh Fkh vkjS fcuk puq ko fd,] fcuk y[s kd dh vgfe;r ls ifjfpr g,q fdrkcas i<r+ h FkhA yfs du lu~ *45 eas tlS s gh nloha ikl djoQs eaS ^iQLVZ b;j* eas vkb]Z ¯gnh dh ikz è;kfidk 'khyk vxoz ky ls ifjp; gvq kA lkfo=kh xYlZ gkbZ LoQw Yk---tgk¡ euSa s ddgjk lh[kk] ,d lky igys gh dkfW yt cuk Fkk vkjS os blh lky fu;Dq r gbq Z Fkh]a mUgkuas s ckdk;nk lkfgR; dh nfq u;k esa ioz 's k djok;kA ek=k i<u+ s dk]s puq ko djoQs i<u+ s eas cnyk---[knq puq &puq dj fdrkcas nh-a --i<h+ gbq Z fdrkckas ij cglas dha rks nks lky chrr&s u&chrrs lkfgR; dh nfq u;k 'kjr&~ iesz pna ls c<d+ j tuS nas ]z vK;s ] ;'kiky] Hkxorhpj.k oekZ rd iQS y xbZ vkjS fiQj rks iQS yrh gh pyh xbAZ ml le; tuS nas z th dh NkVs &s NkVs s ljy&lgt okD;kas okyh 'kyS h us cgrq vkÑ\"V fd;k 96 FkkA ^luq hrk* (miU;kl) cgrq vPNk yxk Fkk] vK;s th dk miU;kl ^'k[s kj % ,d thouh* i<k+ ”k:j ij ml le; og ejs h le> oQs lhfer nk;js eas lek ugha ik;k FkkA oQq N lkykas ckn ^unh oQs }hi* i<k+ rks mlus eu dks bl dnj ckè¡ kk fd mlh >kdas eas 'k[s kj dks fiQj ls i<+ xb-Z --bl ckj oQq N le> oQs lkFkA ;g 'kk;n eYw ;kas oQs eFa ku dk ;xq Fkk---iki&i.q ;] ufS rd&vufS rd] lgh&xyr dh cuh&cukbZ èkkj.kkvkas oQs vkxs i'z ufpÉ gh ugha yx jgs Fk]s mUgas èoLr Hkh fd;k tk jgk FkkA blh lna HkZ eas tuS nas z dk ^R;kxi=k*] Hkxorh ckcw dk ^fp=ky[s kk* i<k+ vkjS 'khyk vxoz ky oQs lkFk yca h&yca h cglas djrs g,q ml mez eas ftruk le> ldrh Fkh] le>kA 'khyk vxzoky us lkfgR; dk nk;jk gh ugha c<+k;k Fkk cfYd ?kj dh pkjnhokjh osQ chp cSBdj ns'k dh fLFkfr;ksa dks tkuus&le>us dk tks flyflyk firk th us 'kq: fd;k Fkk] mUgksaus ogk¡ ls [khapdj mls Hkh fLFkfr;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh esa cny fn;kA lu~ *46&47 osQ fnu---os fLFkfr;k¡] mlesa oSls Hkh ?kj esa cSBs jguk laHko Fkk Hkyk\\ izHkkr&isQfj;k¡] gM+rkyas] tqywl] Hkk\"k.k gj 'kgj dk pfj=k Fkk vkSj iwjs ne[ke vkSj tks'k&[kjks'k osQ lkFk bu lcls tqM+uk gj ;qok dk mUeknA eSa Hkh ;qok Fkh vkSj 'khyk vxzoky dh tks'khyh ckrksa us jxksa esa cgrs [kwu dks ykos esa cny fn;k FkkA fLFkfr ;g gqbZ 2022-23

eUuw HkaMkjh 97 fd ,d coaMj 'kgj eas epk gqvk Fkk vkSj ,d ?kj esaA firk th dh vk”kknh dh lhek ;gha rd Fkh fd mudh mifLFkfr esa ?kj esa vk, yksxksa osQ chp mBw¡&cSBw¡] tkuw¡&le>w¡A gkFk mBk&mBkdj ukjs yxkrh] gM+rkysa djokrh] yM+dksa osQ lkFk 'kgj dh lM+osaQ ukirh yM+dh dks viuh lkjh vkèkqfudrk osQ ckotwn cnkZ'r djuk muosQ fy, eqf'dy gks jgk Fkk rks fdlh dh nh gqbZ vk”kknh osQ nk;js esa pyuk esjs fy,A tc jxksa esa ygw dh txg ykok cgrk gks rks lkjs fu\"ksèk] lkjh otZuk,¡ vkSj lkjk Hk; oSQls èoLr gks tkrk gS] ;g rHkh tkuk vkSj vius ozQksèk ls lcdks FkjFkjk nsus okys firk th ls VDdj ysus dk tks flyflyk rc 'kq: gqvk Fkk] jktsanz ls 'kknh dh] rc rd og pyrk gh jgkA ;'k&dkeuk cfYd dg¡w fd ;'k&fyIlk] firk th dh lcls cMh+ ncq yZ rk Fkh vkjS muoQs thou dh èkjq h Fkk ;g fl¼kra fd O;fDr dks oQq N fof'k\"V cu dj thuk pkfg,---oQq N ,ls s dke djus pkfg, fd lekt eas mldk uke gk]s lEeku gk]s ifz r\"Bk gk]s opLZ o gkAs bloQs pyrs gh eaS nk&s ,d ckj muoQs dkis ls cp xbZ FkhA ,d ckj dkWfyt ls ¯izfliy dk i=k vk;k fd firk th vkdj feysa vkSj crk,¡ fd esjh xfrfofèk;ksa osQ dkj.k esjs f[kykI+kQ vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ D;ksa u dh tk,\\ i=k i<+rs gh firk th vkx&ccwykA ¶;g yM+dh eq>s dgha eq¡g fn[kkus yk;d ugha j[ksxh---irk ugha D;k&D;k lquuk iM+sxk ogk¡ tkdj! pkj cPps igys Hkh i<+s] fdlh us ;s fnu ugha fn[kk;kA¸ xqLls ls HkUukrs gq, gh os x, FksA ykSVdj D;k dgj cjik gksxk] bldk vuqeku Fkk] lks eSa iM+ksl dh ,d fe=k osQ ;gk¡ tkdj cSB xbZA ek¡ dks dg fn;k fd ykSVdj cgqr oqQN xqckj fudy tk,] rc cqykukA ysfdu tc ek¡ us vkdj dgk fd os rks [kq'k gh gSa] pyh py] rks fo'okl ugha gqvkA xbZ rks lgh] ysfdu Mjrs&MjrsA ¶lkjs dkWfyt dh yM+fd;ksa ij bruk jkSc gS rsjk---lkjk dkWfyt rqe rhu yM+fd;ksa osQ b'kkjs ij py jgk gS\\ ¯izfliy cgqr ijs'kku Fkh vkSj ckj&ckj vkxzg dj jgh Fkh fd eSa rq>s ?kj fcBk yw¡] D;ksafd os yksx fdlh rjg Mjk&èkedkdj] Mk¡V&MiVdj yM+fd;ksa dks Dyklksa esa Hkstrs gSa vkSj vxj rqe yksx ,d b'kkjk dj nks fd Dykl NksM+dj ckgj vk tkvks rks lkjh yM+fd;k¡ fudydj eSnku esa tek gksdj ukjs yxkus yxrh gSaA rqe yksxksa osQ ekjs dkWfyt pykuk eqf'dy gks x;k gS mu yksxksa osQ fy,A¸ dgk¡ rks tkrs le; firk th eq¡g fn[kkus ls ?kcjk jgs Fks vkSj dgk¡ cM+s xoZ ls dgdj vk, fd ;g rks iwjs ns'k dh iqdkj gS---bl ij dksbZ oSQls jksd yxk ldrk gS Hkyk\\ csgn xn~xn Loj esa firk th ;g lc lqukrs jgs vkSj eSa voko~QA eq>s u viuh vk¡[kksa ij fo'okl gks jgk Fkk] u vius dkuksa ijA ij ;g gdhdr FkhA ,d ?kVuk vkSjA vk”kkn ¯gn I+kQkSt osQ eqdnes dk flyflyk FkkA lHkh dkWfytksa] LowQyksa] nqdkuksa osQ fy, gM+rky dk vkàku FkkA tks&tks ugha dj jgs Fks] Nk=kksa dk ,d cgqr 2022-23

f{kfrt cM+k lewg ogk¡ tk&tkdj gM+rky djok jgk FkkA 'kke dks vtesj dk iwjk fo|kFkhZ&oxZ pkSiM+ (eq[; ck”kkj dk pkSjkgk) ij bd_k gqvk vkSj fiQj gqbZ Hkk\"k.kck”khA bl chp firk th osQ ,d fugk;r nfd;kuwlh fe=k us ?kj vkdj vPNh rjg firk th dh yw mrkjh] ¶vjs ml eUuw dh rks er ekjh xbZ gS ij HkaMkjh th vkidks D;k gqvk\\ Bhd gS] vkius yM+fd;ksa dks vk”kknh nh] ij ns[krs vki] tkus oSQls&oSQls mYkVs&lhèks yM+dksa osQ lkFk gM+rkysa djokrh] gqM+nax epkrh fiQj jgh gS ogA gekjs&vkiosQ ?kjksa dh yM+fd;ksa dks 'kksHkk nsrk gS ;g lc\\ dksbZ eku&e;kZnk] b””kr&vkc: dk [k;ky Hkh jg x;k gS vkidks ;k ugha\\¸ 98 os rks vkx yxkdj pys x, vkSj firk th lkjs fnu HkHkdrs jgs] ¶cl] vc ;gh jg x;k gS fd yksx ?kj vkdj Fkw&Fkw djosQ pys tk,¡A can djks vc bl eUuw dk ?kj ls ckgj fudyukA¸ bl lcls cs[kcj eSa jkr gksus ij ?kj ykSVh rks firk th osQ ,d csgn varjax vkSj vfHkUu fe=k gh ugha] vtesj osQ lcls izfrf\"Br vkSj lEekfur MkW- vackYkky th cSBs FksA eq>s ns[krs gh mUgksaus cM+h xeZtks'kh ls Lokxr fd;k] vkvks] vkvks eUuwA eSa rks pkSiM+ ij rqEgkjk Hkk\"k.k lqurs gh lhèkk HkaMkjh th dks cèkkbZ nsus pyk vk;kA ^vkbZ ,e fjvyh izkmM vkWIk+ Q ;w*---D;k rqe ?kj esa ?kqls jgrs gks HkaMkjh th---?kj ls fudyk Hkh djksA ^;w gSo feLM 2022-23

eUuw HkaMkjh 99 le¯Fkx*] vkSj os èkqvk¡èkkj rkjhI+kQ djus yxsµos cksyrs tk jgs Fks vkSj firk th osQ psgjs dk larks\"k èkhjs&èkhjs xoZ esa cnyrk tk jgk FkkA Hkhrj tkus ij ek¡ us nksigj osQ xqLls okyh ckr crkbZ rks eSaus jkgr dh lk¡l yhA vkt ihNs eqM+dj ns[krh gw¡ rks bruk rks le> esa vkrk gh gS D;k rks ml le; esjh mez Fkh vkSj D;k esjk Hkk\"k.k jgk gksxk! ;g rks MkWDVj lkgc dk Lusg Fkk tks muosQ eq¡g ls iz'kalk cudj cg jgk Fkk ;k ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd vkt ls ipkl lky igys vtesj tSls 'kgj esa pkjksa vksj ls meM+rh HkhM+ osQ chp ,d yM+dh dk fcuk fdlh ladksp vkSj f>>d osQ ;ksa èkqvk¡èkkj cksyrs pys tkuk gh blosQ ewy esa jgk gksA ij firk th! fdruh rjg osQ varfoZjksèkksa osQ chp thrs Fks os! ,d vksj ^fof'k\"V* cuus vkSj cukus dh izcy ykylk rks nwljh vksj viuh lkekftd Nfo osQ izfr Hkh mruh gh ltxrkA ij D;k ;g laHko gS\\ D;k firk th dks bl ckr dk fcyoqQy Hkh vglkl ugha Fkk fd bu nksuksa dk rks jkLrk gh VdjkgV dk gS\\ 2022-23

f{kfrt lu~ *47 osQ ebZ eghus esa 'khyk vxzoky dks dkWfyt okyksa us uksfVl Fkek fn;kµyM+fd;ksa dks HkM+dkus vkSj dkWfyt dk vuq'kklu fcxkM+us osQ vkjksi esaA bl ckr dks ysdj gqM+nax u eps] blfy, tqykbZ esa FkMZ b;j dh Dykls”k can djosQ ge nks&rhu Nk=kkvksa dk izos'k fuf\"k¼ dj fn;kA gqM+nax rks ckgj jgdj Hkh bruk epk;k fd dkWfyt okyksa dks vxLr esa vkf[kj FkMZ b;j [kksyuk iM+kA thr dh [kq'kh] ij lkeus [kM+h cgqr&cgqr cM+h fpj izrhf{kr [kq'kh osQ lkeus ;g [kq'kh fcyk xbZA 'krkCnh dh lcls cM+h miyfCèk---15 vxLr 1947 iz'u&vH;kl 1- ysf[kdk osQ O;fDrRo ij fdu&fdu O;fDr;ksa dk fdl :i esa izHkko iM+k\\ 2- bl vkRedF; esa ysf[kdk osQ firk us jlksbZ dks ^HkfV;kj[kkuk* dgdj D;ksa lacksfèkr fd;k gS\\ 100 3- og dkSu&lh ?kVuk Fkh ftlosQ ckjs esa lquus ij ysf[kdk dks u viuh vk¡[kksa ij fo'okl gks ik;k vkSj u vius dkuksa ij\\ 4- ysf[kdk dh vius firk ls oSpkfjd VdjkgV dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 5- bl vkRedF; osQ vkèkkj ij Lokèkhurk vkanksyu osQ ifjn`'; dk fp=k.k djrs gq, mlesa eUuw th dh Hkwfedk dks js[kkafdr dhft,A jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 6- ysf[kdk us cpiu esa vius Hkkb;ksa osQ lkFk fxYyh MaMk rFkk irax mM+kus tSls [ksy Hkh [ksys ¯drq yM+dh gksus osQ dkj.k mudk nk;jk ?kj dh pkjnhokjh rd lhfer FkkA D;k vkt Hkh yM+fd;ksa osQ fy, fLFkfr;k¡ ,slh gh gSa ;k cny xbZ gaS] vius ifjos'k osQ vkèkkj ij fyf[k,A 7- euq\"; osQ thou esa vkl&iM+ksl dk cgqr egÙo gksrk gSA ijarq egkuxjksa esa jgus okys yksx izk;% ^iM+ksl dYpj* ls oafpr jg tkrs gSaA bl ckjs esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A 8- ysf[kdk }kjk i<+s x, miU;klksa dh lwph cukb, vkSj mu miU;klksa dks vius iqLrdky; esa [kksft,A 9- vki Hkh vius nSfud vuqHkoksa dks Mk;jh esa fyf[k,A 2022-23

eUuw HkaMkjh Hkk\"kk&vè;;u 10- bl vkRedF; esa eqgkojksa dk iz;ksx djosQ ysf[kdk us jpuk dks jkspd cuk;k gSA js[kkafdr eqgkojksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj oqQN vkSj okD; cuk,¡µ (d) bl chp firk th osQ ,d fugk;r nfd;kuwlh fe=k us ?kj vkdj vPNh rjg firk th dh yw mrkjhA ([k) os rks vkx yxkdj pys x, vkSj firk th lkjs fnu HkHkdrs jgsA (x) cl vc ;gh jg x;k gS fd yksx ?kj vkdj Fkw&Fkw djosQ pys tk,¡A (?k) i=k i<+rs gh firk th vkx&ccwykA ikBsrj lfØ;rk 101  bl vkRedF; ls gesa ;g tkudkjh feyrh gS fd oSQls ysf[kdk dk ifjp; lkfgR; dh vPNh iqLrdksa ls gqvkA vki bl tkudkjh dk ykHk mBkrs gq, vPNh lkfgfR;d iqLrosaQ i<+us dk flyflyk 'kq: dj ldrs gSaA dkSu tkurk gS fd vki esa ls gh dksbZ vPNk ikBd cuus osQ lkFk&lkFk vPNk jpukdkj Hkh cu tk,A  ysf[kdk osQ cpiu osQ [ksyksa esa y¡xM+h Vk¡x] idM+e&idM+kbZ vkSj dkyh&Vhyks vkfn 'kkfey FksA D;k vki Hkh ;g [ksy [ksyrs gSaA vkiosQ ifjos'k esa bu [ksyksa osQ fy, dkSu&ls 'kCn izpyu esa gSaA buosQ vfrfjDr vki tks [ksy [ksyrs gSa mu ij ppkZ dhft,A  Lora=krk vkanksyu esa efgykvksa dh Hkh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh jgh gSA muosQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dhft, vkSj muesa ls fdlh ,d ij izkstsDV rS;kj dhft,A 'kCn&laink & ?keaMh & [kaMgj (VwVs&iwQVs fgLls) vgoa knh & vkSj vfèkd iSQyuk (c<+kuk) HkXuko'ks\"k & d\"VxLz r foLiQkfjr & ftl ij jksd yxkbZ xbZ gks vkØkar & ncnck fuf\"k¼ & ;gk¡ ¯gnh oQs iez [q k dFkkdkj ,oa gla if=kdk oQs lia knd jktnas z ;kno opLZ o jktsanz osQ ckjs esa dgk x;k gS & eUuw HkaMkjh dk pfpZr miU;kl gSA nk lkgc mlosQ izeq[k ik=k gSa egkHkkst 2022-23

f{kfrt uewus osQ rkSj ij ;gk¡ 9 o\"khZ; f'kokad dh Mk;jh dk ,d iUuk fn;k tk jgk gSµ 30 ekpZ] 2001 'kqozQokj vkt lqcg ikik us tYnh ls eq>s mBk;k vkSj dgk] ¶ns[kks&ns[kks] ckfj'k gks jgh gS] vksys fxj jgs gSaA cgqr BaM iM+ jgh gSA¸ fiQj eSa tYnh ls mBk vkSj ikik ls dgk] ¶nhnh dks Hkh mBkvksA¸ fiQj geus ns[kk fd gekjs ?kj osQ lkeus okys xzkmaM esa gjh&gjh ?kkl ij lI+ksQn&lIk+ sQn vksys fxj jgs FksA ,slk yx jgk Fkk fdlh us pesyh osQ iwQy fxjk j[ks gSaA cgqr vPNk yx jgk FkkA vksys iM+ jgs FksA ckfj'k gks jgh Fkh] fpfM+;k Hkkx jgh Fkh] dkS, ijs'kku Fks] isM+ dk¡i jgs Fks] fctyh ped jgh Fkh] ckny Mjk jgs FksA ,d fpfM+;k gekjh f[kM+dh ij Mjh&Mjh cSBh FkhA cgqr nsj rd cSBh jghA fiQj mM+ xbZA vHkh rd dksbZ cPpk [ksyus ugha fudykA blfy, eSa vkt tYnh Mk;jh fy[k jgk gw¡A lqcg osQ nl cts gSaA eSa viuk lhfj;y ns[kus tk jgk gw¡A vkt esjk U;w bad isu vkSj isafly ckWDl vk;kA vkt nksigj dks /wi fudyh] fiQj ge [ksyus fudysA vktdy ge yksx fe^h osQ xksys cuk osQ lq[kk nsrs gSa fiQj ge muosQ mQij isafVax djrs gSa mlosQ ckn fiQj muls [ksyrs gSaA tkfu, y¡xM+h dh oqQ'rh oSQls [ksyh tkrh gSµ 102 ,d LFkku esa chp dh ykbu osQ cjkcj iQklys ij nks ykbuas [khaph tkrh gSaA nks f[kykM+h chp dh ykbu ij vkdj y¡xM+h ck¡/dj vius eqdkcys okys dks viuh&viuh ykbu osQ ikj [khap ys tkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA ftldh y¡xM+h VwV tkrh gS vFkok tks ¯[kp tkrk gS mldh gkj gksrh gSA ;g [ksy Vksfy;ksa esa Hkh [ksyk tkrk gSA fn, gq, le; osQ vanj ftl Vksyh osQ vf/d cPps y¡xM+h rksM+ nsrs gSa vFkok ¯[kp tkrs gSa ml Vksyh dh gkj gksrh gSA 2022-23

egkohjizlkn f}osnh dk tUe lu~ 1864 esa xzke nkSyriqj] f”kyk jk;cjsyh (m-iz-) esa gqvkA ifjokj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr vPNh u gksus osQ dkj.k LowQyh f'k{kk iwjh dj mUgksaus jsyos esa ukSdjh dj yhA ckn esa ml ukSdjh ls bLrhI+kQk nsdj lu~ 1903 esa izfl¼ ¯gnh ekfld if=kdk ljLorh dk laiknu 'kq: fd;k vkSj lu~ 1920 rd mlosQ laiknu ls tqM+s jgsA lu~ 1938 esa mudk nsgkar gks x;kA egkohjizlkn f}osnh osQoy ,d O;fDr ugha Fks os ,d laLFkk Fks ftlls ifjfpr gksuk ¯gnh lkfgR; osQ xkSjo'kkyh vè;k; ls ifjfpr gksuk gSA os ¯gnh osQ igys O;ofLFkr 15 laiknd] Hkk\"kkoSKkfud] bfrgkldkj] iqjkrRoosÙkk] vFkZ'kkL=kh] lekt'kkL=kh] oKS kfud ¯pru ,oa y[s ku oQs LFkkid] lekykps d egkohjizlknvkSj vuqoknd FksA mudh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSaµjlK jatu] lkfgR;&lhdj] lkfgR;&lanHkZ] vn~Hkqr vkyki (fuca/ laxzg)A laifÙk'kkL=k mudh vFkZ'kkL=k ls lacaf/r iqLrd f}osnh gSA efgyk eksn efgyk mi;ksxh iqLrd gS rks vkè;kfRedh n'kZu dhA f}osnh dkO; ekyk esa mudh dfork,¡ gaSA mudk laiw.kZ lkfgR; egkohjizlkn f}osnh jpukoyh osQ ianzg [kaMksa esa izdkf'kr gSA egkohjizlkn f}osnh osQ ckjs esa le>k tkrk jgk gS fd mUgksaus ¯gnh x| dh Hkk\"kk dk ifj\"dkj fd;k vkSj ys[kdksa dh lqfo/k osQ fy, O;kdj.k vkSj orZuh osQ fu;e fLFkj fd,A dfork dh Hkk\"kk osQ :i esa Hkh czt Hkk\"kk osQ cnys [kM+h cksyh dks izfrf\"Br fd;kA ;qx fuekZrk egkohjizlkn f}osnh us Lok/hurk dh psruk fodflr djus osQ fy, Lons'kh ¯pru dks O;kid cuk;kA mUgksaus ljLorh osQ 2022-23

f{kfrt ekè;e ls i=kdkfjrk dk Js\"B Lo:i lkeus j[kkA ¯gnh eas igyh ckj lekykspuk dks LFkkfir djus dk Js; Hkh mudks tkrk gSA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo ,oa bfrgkl ij [kkstijd dk;Z fd,A oqQy feykdj muosQ dk;ks± dk ewY;kadu O;kid ¯gnh uotkxj.k osQ lanHkZ esa gh laHko gSA fo}rk ,oa cgqKrk osQ lkFk ljlrk muosQ ys[ku dh izeq[k fo'ks\"krk gSA muosQ ys[ku esa O;aX; dh NVk ns[krs gh curh gSA vkt gekjs lekt esa yM+fd;k¡ f'k{kk ikus ,oa dk;Z{ks=k esa {kerk n'kkZus esa yM+dksa ls fcyoqQy Hkh ihNs ugha gSa ¯drq ;gk¡ rd igq¡pus osQ fy, vusd L=kh&iq#\"kksa us yack la?k\"kZ fd;kA uotkxj.k dky osQ ¯prdksa us ek=k L=kh&f'k{kk gh ugha cfYd lekt esa turkaf=kd ,oa oSKkfud psruk osQ laiw.kZ fodkl osQ fy, vy[k txk;kA f}osnh th dk ;g ys[k mu lHkh iqjkruiaFkh fopkjksa ls yksgk ysrk gS tks L=kh&f'k{kk dks O;FkZ vFkok lekt osQ fo?kVu dk dkj.k ekurs FksA bl ys[k dh nwljh fo'ks\"krk ;g gS fd blesa ijaijk dks T;ksa dk R;ksa ugha Lohdkjk x;k gS] cfYd foosd ls iSQlyk ysdj xzg.k djus ;ksX; dks ysus dh ckr dh xbZ gS vkSj ijaijk dk tks fgLlk lM+&xy pqdk gS] mls :f<+ ekudj NksM+ nsus dhA ;g foosdiw.kZ n`f\"V laiw.kZ uotkxj.k dky dh fo'ks\"krk gSA vkt bl fuca/ dk vusd n`f\"V;ksa ls ,sfrgkfld 104 egÙo gSA ;g ys[k igyh ckj flracj 1914 dh ljLorh esa i<+s fy[kksa dk ikafMR; 'kh\"kZd ls izdkf'kr gqvk FkkA ckn esa f}osnh th us bls efgyk eksn iqLrd esa 'kkfey djrs le; bldk 'kh\"kZd L=kh&f'k{kk osQ fojksèkh oqQrdks± dk [akMUk j[k fn;k FkkA bl fuca/ dh Hkk\"kk vkSj orZuh dks geus la'kksf/r djus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k gSA 2022-23

egkohjilz kn f}ons h L=kh&f'k{kk osQ fojksèkh 105 oqQrdks± dk [kaMu cM+s 'kksd dh ckr gS] vktdy Hkh ,sls yksx fo|eku gSa tks fL=k;ksa dks i<+kuk muosQ vkSj x`g&lq[k osQ uk'k dk dkj.k le>rs gSaA vkSj] yksx Hkh ,sls&oSls ugha] lqf'kf{kr yksxµ,sls yksx ftUgksaus cM+s&cM+s LowQyksa vkSj 'kk;n dkWfytksa esa Hkh f'k{kk ikbZ gS] tks èkeZµ'kkL=k vkSj laLÑr osQ xazFk lkfgR; ls ifjp; j[krs gSa] vkSj ftudk is'kk oqQf'kf{krksa dks lqf'kf{kr djuk] oqQekxZxkfe;ksa dks lqekxZxkeh cukuk vkSj vèkkfeZdksa dks èkeZrÙo le>kuk gSA mudh nyhysa lqu yhft,µ 1- iqjkus laLÑr&dfo;ksa osQ ukVdksa esa oqQyhu fL=k;ksa ls vi<+ksa dh Hkk\"kk esa ckrsa djkbZ xbZ gSaA blls izekf.kr gS fd bl ns'k esa fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus dh pky u FkhA gksrh rks bfrgkl&iqjk.kkfn esa mudks i<+kus dh fu;ec¼ iz.kkyh ”k:j fy[kh feyrhA 2- fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus ls vuFkZ gksrs gSaA 'koqaQryk bruk de i<+h Fkh fd x¡okjksa dh Hkk\"kk esa eqf'dy ls ,d NksVk&lk 'yksd og fy[k ldh FkhA frl ij Hkh mldh bl bruh de f'k{kk us Hkh vuFkZ dj MkykA 'koqaQryk us tks dVq okD; nq\";ar dks dgs] og bl i<+kbZ dk gh nq\"ifj.kke FkkA 3- ftl Hkk\"kk esa 'koqaQryk us 'yksd jpk Fkk og vi<+ksa dh Hkk\"kk FkhA vr,o ukxfjdksa dh Hkk\"kk dh ckr rks nwj jgh] vi<+ x¡okjksa dh Hkh Hkk\"kk i<+kuk fL=k;ksa dks cjckn djuk gSA 2022-23

f{kfrt bl rjg dh nyhyksa dk lcls vfèkd izHkko'kkyh mÙkj mis{kk gh gSA rFkkfi ge nks&pkj ckrsa fy[ks nsrs gSaA ukVdksa esa fL=k;ksa dk izkÑr cksyuk muosQ vi<+ gksus dk izek.k ughaA vfèkd ls vfèkd bruk gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd os laLÑr u cksy ldrh FkhaA laLÑr u cksy lduk u vi<+ gksus dk lcwr gS vkSj u x¡okj gksus dkA vPNk rks mÙkjjkepfjr esa ½f\"k;ksa dh osnkarokfnuh ifRu;k¡ dkSu&lh Hkk\"kk cksyrh Fkha\\ mudh laLÑr D;k dksbZ x¡okjh laLÑr Fkh\\ HkoHkwfr vkSj dkfynkl vkfn osQ ukVd ftl ”kekus osQ gSa ml ”kekus esa f'kf{krksa dk leLr leqnk; laLÑr gh cksyrk Fkk] bldk izek.k igys dksbZ ns ys rc izkÑr cksyus okyh fL=k;ksa dks vi<+ crkus dk lkgl djsA bldk D;k lcwr fd ml ”kekus esa cksypky dh Hkk\"kk izkÑr u Fkh\\ lcwr rks izkÑr osQ pyu osQ gh feyrs gSaA izkÑr ;fn ml le; dh izpfyr Hkk\"kk u gksrh rks ckS¼ksa rFkk tSuksa osQ g”kkjksa xzaFk mlesa D;ksa fy[ks tkrs] vkSj Hkxoku 'kkD; eqfu rFkk muosQ psys izkÑr gh esa D;ksa èkeksZins'k nsrs\\ ckS¼ksa osQ f=kfiVd xzaFk dh jpuk izkÑr esa fd, tkus dk ,dek=k dkj.k ;gh gS fd ml ”kekus esa izkÑr gh loZlkèkkj.k dh Hkk\"kk FkhA vr,o izkÑr cksyuk vkSj fy[kuk vi<+ vkSj vf'kf{kr gksus dk fpÉ ughaA ftu IkafMrksa us xkFkk&lIr'krh] lsrqcaèk&egkdkO; vkSj oqQekjikypfjr vkfn xazFk izkÑr esa cuk, gSa] os ;fn vi<+ vkSj x¡okj Fks rks ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ ls Hkh izfl¼ v[kckj dk laiknd bl 106 ”kekus esa vi<+ vkSj x¡okj dgk tk ldrk gS_ D;ksafd og vius ”kekus dh izpfyr Hkk\"kk esa v[kckj fy[krk gSA ¯gnh] ck¡Xyk vkfn Hkk\"kk,¡ vktdy dh izkÑr gSa] 'kkSjlsuh] ekxèkh] egkjk\"Vªh vkSj ikyh vkfn Hkk\"kk,¡ ml ”kekus dh FkhaA izkÑr i<+dj Hkh ml ”kekus esa yksx mlh rjg lH;] f'kf{kr vkSj iafMr gks ldrs Fks ftl rjg fd ¯gnh] ck¡Xyk] ejkBh vkfn Hkk\"kk,¡ i<+dj bl ”kekus esa ge gks ldrs gSaA fiQj izkÑr cksyuk vi<+ gksus dk lcwr gS] ;g ckr oSQls ekuh tk ldrh gS\\ ftl le; vkpk;ks± us ukV~;'kkL=k&lacaèkh fu;e cuk, Fks ml le; loZlkèkkj.k dh Hkk\"kk laLÑr u FkhA pqus gq, yksx gh laLÑr cksyrs ;k cksy ldrs FksA blh ls mUgksaus mudh Hkk\"kk laLÑr vkSj nwljs yksxksa rFkk fL=k;ksa dh Hkk\"kk izkÑr j[kus dk fu;e dj fn;kA iqjkus ”kekus esa fL=k;ksa osQ fy, dksbZ fo'ofo|ky; u FkkA fiQj fu;ec¼ iz.kkyh dk mYys[k vkfn iqjk.kksa esa u feys rks D;k vk'p;ZA vkSj] mYys[k mldk dgha jgk gks] ij u\"V gks x;k gks rks\\ iqjkus ”kekus esa foeku mM+rs FksA crkb, muosQ cukus dh fo|k fl[kkus okyk dksbZ 'kkL=k! cM+s&cM+s tgk”kksa ij lokj gksdj yksx }hikarjksa dks tkrs FksA fn[kkb,] tgk”k cukus dh fu;ec¼ iz.kkyh osQ n'kZd xzaFk! iqjk.kkfn esa foekuksa vkSj tgk”kksa }kjk dh xbZ ;k=kkvksa osQ gokys ns[kdj mudk vfLrRo rks ge cM+s xoZ ls 2022-23

egkohjilz kn f}ons h 107 Lohdkj djrs gSa] ijarq iqjkus xzaFkksa esa vusd izxYHk iafMrkvksa osQ ukeksYys[k ns[kdj Hkh oqQN yksx Hkkjr dh rRdkyhu fL=k;ksa dks ew[kZ] vi<+ vkSj x¡okj crkrs gSa! bl roZQ'kkL=kKrk vkSj bl U;k;'khyrk dh cfygkjh! osnksa dks izk;% lHkh ¯gnw bZ'oj&Ñr ekurs gSaA lks bZ'oj rks osn&ea=kksa dh jpuk vFkok mudk n'kZu fo'oojk vkfn fL=k;ksa ls djkos vkSj ge mUgsa ddgjk i<+kuk Hkh iki le>saA 'khyk vkSj foTtk vkfn dkSu Fkha\\ os L=kh Fkha ;k ugha\\ cM+s&cM+s iq#\"k&dfo;ksa ls vkn`r gqbZ gSa ;k ugha\\ 'kkXZèkj&i¼fr esa mudh dfork osQ uewus gSa ;k ugha\\ ckS¼&xazFk f=kfiVd osQ varxZr FksjhxkFkk esa ftu lSdM+ksa fL=k;ksa dh i|&jpuk m¼`r gS os D;k vi<+ Fkha\\ ftl Hkkjr esa oqQekfjdkvksa dks fp=k cukus] ukpus] xkus] ctkus] iwQy pquus] gkj xw¡Fkus] iSj eyus rd dh dyk lh[kus dh vkKk Fkh mudks fy[kus&i<+us dh vkKk u FkhA dkSu foK ,slh ckr eq[k ls fudkysxk\\ vkSj] dksbZ fudkys Hkh rks ekusxk dkSu\\ vf=k dh iRuh iRuh&èkeZ ij O;k[;ku nsrs le; ?kaVksa ikafMR; izdV djs] xkxhZ cM+s&cM+s czãokfn;ksa dks gjk ns] eaMu feJ dh lgèkeZpkfj.kh 'kadjkpk;Z osQ NDosQ NqM+k ns! x”kc! blls vfèkd Hk;adj ckr vkSj D;k gks losQxh! ;g lc ikih i<+us dk vijkèk gSA u os i<+rha] u os iwtuh; iq#\"kksa dk eqdkcyk djrhaA ;g lkjk nqjkpkj fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus gh dk oqQiQy gSA le>sA fL=k;ksa osQ fy, i<+uk dkyowQV vkSj iq#\"kksa osQ fy, ih;w\"k dk ?k¡wV! ,slh gh nyhyksa vkSj n`\"Vkarksa osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN yksx fL=k;ksa dks vi<+ j[kdj Hkkjro\"kZ dk xkSjo c<+kuk pkgrs gSaA eku yhft, fd iqjkus ”kekus esa Hkkjr dh ,d Hkh L=kh i<+h&fy[kh u FkhA u lghA ml le; fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus dh ”k:jr u le>h xbZ gksxhA ij vc rks gSA vr,o i<+kuk pkfg,A geus lSdM+ksa iqjkus fu;eksa] vkns'kksa vkSj iz.kkfy;ksa dks rksM+ fn;k gS ;k ugha\\ rks] pfy,] fL=k;ksa dks vi<+ j[kus dh bl iqjkuh pky dks Hkh rksM+ nsaA gekjh izkFkZuk rks ;g gS fd L=kh&f'k{kk osQ foif{k;ksa dks {k.kHkj osQ fy, Hkh bl dYiuk dks vius eu esa LFkku u nsuk pkfg, fd iqjkus ”kekus esa ;gk¡ dh lkjh fL=k;k¡ vi<+ Fkha vFkok mUgsa i<+us dh vkKk u FkhA tks yksx iqjk.kksa esa i<+h&fy[kh fL=k;ksa osQ gokys ek¡xrs gSa mUgsa Jhen~Hkkxor] n'keLoaQèk] osQ mÙkjk¼Z dk =ksiuok¡ vè;k; i<+uk pkfg,A mlesa #fDe.kh&gj.k dh dFkk gSA #fDe.kh us tks ,d yack&pkSM+k i=k ,dkar esa fy[kdj] ,d czkã.k osQ gkFk] JhÑ\".k dks Hkstk Fkk og rks izkÑr esa u FkkA mlosQ izkÑr esa gksus dk mYys[k Hkkxor esa rks ughaA mlesa #fDe.kh us tks ikafMR; fn[kk;k gS og mlosQ vi<+ vkSj vYiK gksus vFkok x¡okjiu dk lwpd ughaA iqjkus <ax osQ iDosQ lukru&èkekZoyafc;kas dh n`f\"V esa rks ukVdksa dh vis{kk Hkkxor dk egÙo cgqr gh vfèkd gksuk pkfg,A bl n'kk esa ;fn muesa ls dksbZ ;g dgs fd lHkh 2022-23

f{kfrt izkDdkyhu fL=k;k¡ vi<+ gksrh Fkha rks mldh ckr ij fo'okl djus dh ”k:jr ughaA Hkkxor dh ckr ;fn iqjk.kdkj ;k dfo dh dYiuk ekuh tk, rks ukVdksa dh ckr mlls Hkh xbZ&chrh le>h tkuh pkfg,A fL=k;ksa dk fd;k gqvk vuFkZ ;fn i<+kus gh dk ifj.kke gS rks iqjQ\"kksa dk fd;k gqvk vuFkZ Hkh mudh fo|k vkSj f'k{kk gh dk ifj.kke le>uk pkfg,A ce osQ xksys isaQduk] ujgR;k djuk] MkosQ Mkyuk] pksfj;k¡ djuk] ?kwl ysukµ;s lc ;fn i<+us&fy[kus gh dk ifj.kke gks rks lkjs dkWfyt] LowQy vkSj ikB'kkyk,¡ can gks tkuh pkfg,A ijarq fof{kIrksa] ckrO;fFkrksa vkSj xzgxzLrksa osQ flok ,slh nyhysa is'k djus okys cgqr gh de feysaxsA 'koqQaryk us nq\";ar dks dVq okD; dgdj dkSu&lh vLokHkkfodrk fn[kkbZ\\ D;k og ;g dgrh fdµ¶vk;Z iq=k] 'kkck'k! cM+k vPNk dke fd;k tks esjs lkFk xkaèkoZ&fookg djosQ eqdj x,A uhfr] U;k;] lnkpkj vkSj èkeZ dh vki izR;{k ewfrZ gSa!¸ iRuh ij ?kksj ls ?kksj vR;kpkj djosQ tks mlls ,slh vk'kk j[krs gSa os euq\";&LoHkko dk ¯dfpr~ Hkh Kku ugha j[krsA lhrk ls vfèkd lkèoh L=kh ugha lquh xbZA ftl dfo us] 'koqaQryk ukVd esa] viekfur gqbZ 'koqaQryk ls nq\";ar osQ fo\"k; esa nqokZD; dgk;k gS mlh us ifjR;Dr gksus ij lhrk ls jkepanz osQ fo\"k; esa D;k dgk;k gS] lqfu,µ okP;LRo;k e}pukr~ l jktkµ 108 oÉkS fo'kq¼kefr ;Rle{ke~A eka yksdokn Jo.kkngklh% JqrL; r¯RDo ln`'ka oqQyL;\\ y{e.k! ”kjk ml jktk ls dg nsuk fd eSaus rks rqEgkjh vk¡[k osQ lkeus gh vkx esa owQndj viuh fo'kq¼rk lkfcr dj nh FkhA frl ij Hkh] yksxksa osQ eq[k ls fudyk feF;kokn lqudj gh rqeus eq>s NksM+ fn;kA D;k ;g ckr rqEgkjs oqQy osQ vuq:i gS\\ vFkok D;k ;g rqEgkjh fo}rk ;k egÙkk dks 'kksHkk nsusokyh gS\\ lhrk dk ;g lans'k dVq ugha rks D;k ehBk gS\\ ^jktk* ek=k dgdj muosQ ikl viuk lanslk HkstkA ;g mfDr u fdlh x¡okj L=kh dh_ ¯drq egkczãKkuh jktk tud dh yM+dh vkSj eUokfn egf\"kZ;ksa osQ èkeZ'kkL=kksa dk Kku j[kus okyh jkuh dhµ u`iL; o.kkZJeikyua ;r~ l ,o èkeksZ euquk iz.khr% lhrk dh èkeZ'kkL=kKrk dk ;g izek.k] ogha] vkxs pydj] oqQN gh nwj ij] dfo us fn;k gSA lhrk&ifjR;kx osQ dkj.k okYehfd osQ leku 'kkar] uhfrK vkSj {kek'khy riLoh rd usµ¶vLR;so eU;qHkZjrkxzts es¸µdgdj jkepanz ij Øksèk izdV fd;k gSA vr,o] 2022-23

egkohjilz kn f}ons h 109 'koqaQryk dh rjg] vius ifjR;kx dks vU;k; le>us okyh lhrk dk jkepanz osQ fo\"k; esa] dVqokD; dguk loZFkk LokHkkfod gSA u ;g i<+us&fy[kus dk ifj.kke gS u x¡okjiu dk] u voqQyhurk dkA i<+us&fy[kus esa Lo;a dksbZ ckr ,slh ugha ftlls vuFkZ gks losQA vuFkZ dk cht mlesa gjfx”k ughaA vuFkZ iq#\"kksa ls Hkh gksrs gSaA vi<+ksa vkSj i<+s&fy[kkas] nksuksa lsA vuFkZ] nqjkpkj vkSj ikikpkj osQ dkj.k vkSj gh gksrs gSa vkSj os O;fDr&fo'ks\"k dk pky&pyu ns[kdj tkus Hkh tk ldrs gSaA vr,o fL=k;ksa dks vo'; i<+kuk pkfg,A tks yksx ;g dgrs gSa fd iqjkus ”kekus esa ;gk¡ fL=k;k¡ u i<+rh Fkha vFkok mUgsa i<+us dh eqekfu;r Fkh os ;k rks bfrgkl ls vfHkKrk ugha j[krs ;k tku&cw>dj yksxksa dks èkks[kk nsrs gSaA lekt dh n`f\"V esa ,sls yksx naMuh; gSaA D;ksafd fL=k;ksa dks fuj{kj j[kus dk mins'k nsuk lekt dk vidkj vkSj vijkèk djuk gSµlekt dh mUufr esa ckèkk Mkyuk gSA ^f'k{kk* cgqr O;kid 'kCn gSA mlesa lh[kus ;ksX; vusd fo\"k;ksa dk lekos'k gks ldrk gSA i<+uk&fy[kuk Hkh mlh osQ varxZr gSA bl ns'k dh orZeku f'k{kk&iz.kkyh vPNh ughaA bl dkj.k ;fn dksbZ fL=k;ksa dks i<+kuk vuFkZdkjh le>s rks mls ml iz.kkyh dk la'kksèku djuk ;k djkuk pkfg,] [kqn i<+us&fy[kus dks nks\"k u nsuk pkfg,A yM+dksa gh dh f'k{kk&iz.kkyh dkSu&lh cM+h vPNh gSA iz.kkyh cqjh gksus osQ dkj.k D;k fdlh us ;g jk; nh gS fd lkjs LowQy vkSj dkWfyt can dj fn, tk,¡\\ vki [kq'kh ls yM+fd;ksa vkSj fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk dh iz.kkyh dk la'kksèku dhft,A mUgsa D;k i<+kuk pkfg,] fdruk i<+kuk pkfg,] fdl rjg dh f'k{kk nsuk pkfg, vkSj dgk¡ ij nsuk pkfg,µ?kj esa ;k LowQy esaµbu lc ckrksa ij cgl dhft,] fopkj dhft,] th esa vkos lks dhft,_ ij ijes'oj osQ fy, ;g u dfg, fd Lo;a i<+us&fy[kus esa dksbZ nks\"k gSµog vuFkZdj gS] og vfHkeku dk mRiknd gS] og x`g&lq[k dk uk'k djus okyk gSA ,slk dguk lksygksa vkus feF;k gSA iz'u&vH;kl 1- oqQN iqjkru iaFkh yksx fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk osQ fojksèkh FksA f}osnh th us D;k&D;k roZQ nsdj L=kh&f'k{kk dk leFkZu fd;k\\ 2- ^fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus ls vuFkZ gksrs gSa*µoqQroZQokfn;ksa dh bl nyhy dk [kaMu f}osnh th us oSQls fd;k gS] vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 2022-23

f{kfrt 3- f}osnh th us L=kh&f'k{kk fojksèkh oqQrdks± dk [kaMu djus osQ fy, O;aX; dk lgkjk fy;k gS&tSls ^;g lc ikih i<+us dk vijkèk gSA u os i<+rha] u os iwtuh; iqjQ\"kksa dk eqdkcyk djrhaA* vki ,sls vU; va'kksa dks fucaèk esa ls Nk¡Vdj lef>, vkSj fyf[k,A 4- iqjkus le; esa fL=k;ksa }kjk izko`Qr Hkk\"kk esa cksyuk D;k muosQ vi<+ gksus dk lcwr gSµikB osQ vkèkkj ij Li\"V dhft,A 5- ijaijk osQ mUgha i{kksa dks Lohdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks L=kh&iqjQ\"k lekurk dks c<+krs gksa&roZQ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A 6- rc dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh vkSj vc dh f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k varj gS\\ Li\"V djsaA jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 7- egkohjizlkn f}osnh dk fucaèk mudh nwjxkeh vkSj [kqyh lksp dk ifjpk;d gS] oSQls\\ 8- f}osnh th dh Hkk\"kk&'kSyh ij ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A Hkk\"kk&vè;;u 9- fuEufyf[kr vusdkFkhZ 'kCnksa dks ,sls okD;ksa esa iz;qDr dhft, ftueas muosQ ,dkf/d vFkZ Li\"V gksaµ pky] ny] i=k] gjk] ij] iQy] oqQy ikBsRkj lfozQ;rk 110  viuh nknh] ukuh vkSj ek¡ ls ckrphr dhft, vkSj (L=kh&f'k{kk laca/h) ml le; dh fLFkfr;ksa dk irk yxkb, vkSj viuh fLFkfr;ksa ls rqyuk djrs gq, fuca/ fyf[k,A pkgsa rks mlosQ lkFk rLkohjsa Hkh fpidkb,A  yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk osQ izfr ifjokj vkSj lekt esa tkx:drk vk,µblosQ fy, vki D;k&D;k djxas \\s  L=kh&f'k{kk ij ,d iksLVj rS;kj dhft,A  L=kh&f'k{kk ij ,d uqDdM+ ukVd rS;kj dj mls izLrqr dhft,A 'kCn&laink fo|eku & mifLFkr oqQekxZxkeh & cqjh jkg ij pyus okys lqekxZxkeh & vPNh jkg ij pyus okys v/kfeZd & /eZ ls laca/ u j[kus okyk /eZrÙo & /eZ dk lkj 2022-23

egkohjilz kn f}ons h nyhyas & roQZ vuFkZ & cqjk] vFkZghu vi<+ksa & vui<+ksa mis{kk & è;ku u nsuk ikz oQ` r & ,d izkphu Hkk\"kk ons kra okfnuh & osnkar n'kZu ij cksyus okyh n'kZd xazFk & tkudkjh nsus okyh ;k fn[kkus okyh iqLrosaQ rRdkyhu & ml le; dk roZQ'kkL=kKrk & roZQ'kkL=k dks tkuuk U;k;'khyrk & U;k; osQ vuqlkj vkpj.k djuk oQq roQZ & vuqfpr roZQ [kaMu & nwljs osQ er dk ;qfDriwoZd fujkdj.k ixz YHk & izfrHkkoku ukeksYys[k & uke dk mYys[k djuk 111 vkn`r & vknj ;k lEeku ik;k] lEekfur foK & le>nkj] fo}ku cãz oknh & osn i<+us&i<+kus okyk nqjkpkj & ¯unuh; vkpj.k lg/eZpkfj.kh & iRuh dkyoQw V & ”kgj ih;\"w k & ve`r n\"` Vkra & mnkgj.k] felky vYiK & FkksM+k tkuus okyk izkDdkyhu & iqjkuh O;fHkpkj & iki fof{kIr & ikxy ckr O;fFkr & ckrksa ls nq[kh gksus okys xzg xzLr & iki xzg ls izHkkfor ¯dfpr~ & FkksM+k noq kDZ ; & ¯unk djus okyk okD; ;k ckr ifjR;Dr & iwjs rkSj ij NksM+k gqvk feF;kokn & >wBh ckr dyadkjksi.k & nks\"k e<+uk] nks\"kh Bgjkuk 2022-23

f{kfrt fuHkZRlZuk & frjLdkj] ¯unk uhfrK & uhfr tkuus okyk gjfx”k & fdlh gkyr esa eqekfu;r & jksd] eukgh vfHkKrk & tkudkjh] Kku vidkj & vfgr ;g Hkh tkusa HkoHkwfr & laLÑr osQ iz/ku ukVddkj gaSA buosQ rhu izfl¼ xzaFk ohjjfpr] mÙkjjkepfjr vkSj ekyrhekèko gSaA HkoHkwfr d#.kjl osQ izeq[k ys[kd FksA fo'oojk & vf=kxk=s k dh L=khA ;s ½Xons oQs ikp¡ oas eMa y 28oas lDw r dh ,d eas ls NBh ½oQ~ dh ½f\"k FkhaA 'khyk & dkSfjMU; eqfu dh iRuh dk ukeA FksjhxkFkk & ckS¼ fHk{kqf.k;ksa dh i| jpuk blesa ladfyr gSA vuqlw;k & vf=k eqfu dh iRuh vkSj n{k iztkifr dh dU;kA xkxhZ & oSfnd le; dh ,d iafMrk ½f\"kiq=khA buosQ firk dk uke xxZ eqfu FkkA fefFkyk osQ 112 tudjkt dh lHkk esa bUgksaus iafMrksa osQ lkeus ;kKoYD; osQ lkFk osnkar 'kkL=k fo\"k; ij 'kkL=kkFkZ fd;k FkkA xkFkk lIr'krh & izkÑr Hkk\"kk dk xzaFk ftls gky }kjk jfpr ekuk tkrk gSA oqQekjiky pfj=k & ,d ,sfrgkfld xazFk gS ftls 12oha 'krkCnh osQ var esa vKkrukek dfo us vugy osQ jktk oqQekjiky osQ fy, fy[kk FkkA blesa czãk ls ysdj jktk oqQekjiky rd ckS¼ jktkvksa dh oa'kkoyh dk o.kZu gSA f=kfiVd xzaFk & xkSre cq¼ us fHk{kq&fHk{kqf.k;ksa dks vius lkjs mins'k ekSf[kd fn, FksA mu mins'kksa dks muosQ f'k\";ksa us oaQBLFk dj fy;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa mUgsa f=kfiVd osQ :i esa ys[kc¼ fd;k x;kA os rhu f=kfiVd gSaµlqr ;k lw=k fiVd] fou; fiVd vkSj vfHk/eZ fiVdA 'kkD; eqfu & 'kD;oa'kh; gksus osQ dkj.k xkSre cq¼ dks 'kkD; eqfu Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ukV~;'kkL=k & Hkjreqfu jfpr dkO;'kkL=k laca/h laLÑr osQ bl xzaFk eas eq[;r% :id (ukVd) dk 'kkL=kh; foospu fd;k x;k gSA bldh jpuk 300 bZlk iwoZ ekuh tkrh gSA dkfynkl & laLÑr osQ egku dfo;ksa esa dkfynkl dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA mUgksaus oqQekjlaHko] j?kqoa'k (egkdkO;)] Írq lagkj] es?knwr ([kaMdkO;)] foØeksoZ'kh;] ekyfodkfXufe=k vkSj vfHkKku 'kkoqaQrye~ (ukVd) dh jpuk dhA 2022-23

egkohjilz kn f}ons h 113 vktknh osQ vkanksyu ls lfozQ; :i ls tqM+h iafMrk jekckbZ us fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk ,oa muosQ 'kks\"k.k osQ fo#¼ tks vkok”k mBkbZ mldh ,d >yd ;gk¡ izLrqr gSA vki ,sls vU; yksxksa osQ ;ksxnku osQ ckjs esa if<+, vkSj fe=kksa ls ppkZ dhft,µ iafMrk jekckbZ Hkkjrh; jk\"Vhª ; dkxa lsz dk ikp¡ ok¡ vf/o's ku 1889 eas ecaq bZ eas vk;kfs tr gvq k FkkA [kpk[kp Hkjs gkyW esa ns'k Hkj osQ usrk ,d=k gq, FksA ,d lnqa j ;oq rh vf/o's ku dks lca kfs /r djus oQs fy, mBhA mldh vk[¡ kkas eas rts vkjS mloQs dkfa re; psgjs ij izfrHkk >yd jgh FkhA blls igys dkaxzsl vf/os'kuksa esa ,slk n`'; ns[kus esa ugha vk;k FkkA gkWy esa ykmMLihdj u FksA ihNs cSBs gq, yksx ml ;qorh dh vkok”k ugha lqu ik jgs FksA os vkxs dh vksj c<+us yxsA ;g ns[kdj ;qorh us dgk] ¶Hkkb;ks] eq>s {kek dhft,A esjh vkok”k vki rd ugha igq¡p ik jgh gSA ysfdu bl ij eq>s vk'p;Z ugha gSA D;k vkius 'krkfCn;ksa rd dHkh fdlh efgyk dh vkok”k lquus dh dksf'k'k dh\\ D;k vkius mls bruh 'kfDr iznku dh fd og viuh vkok”k dks vki rd igq¡pus ;ksX; cuk losQ\\¸ izfrfuf/;ksa osQ ikl bu iz'uksa osQ mÙkj u FksA bl lkglh ;qorh dks vHkh vkSj cgqr oqQN dguk FkkA mldk uke iafMrk jekckbZ FkkA ml fnu rd fL=k;ksa us dkaxzsl osQ vf/os'kuksa esa 'kk;n gh dHkh Hkkx fy;k gksA iafMrk jekckbZ osQ iz;kl ls 1889 osQ ml vfèkos'ku esa 9 efgyk izfrfuf/ lfEefyr gqbZ FkhaA os ,d ewd izfrfuf/ ugha cu ldrh FkhaA fo/okvksa dks flj eq¡Mok, tkus dh izFkk osQ fojks/ esa j[ks x, izLrko ij mUgksaus ,d ”kksjnkj Hkk\"k.k fn;kA ¶vki iqjQ\"k yksx fczfV'k laln esa izfrfufèkRo dh ek¡x dj jgs gSa ftlls fd vki Hkkjrh; turk dh jk; ogk¡ ij vfHkO;Dr dj losaQA bl iaMky eas vfHkO;fDr dh Lor=a krk oQs fy, ph[k&fpYyk jgs g]aS rc vki vius ifjokjkas eas olS h gh Lor=a krk efgykvkas dks D;kas ugha nrs \\s vki fdlh efgyk dks mloQs fo/ok gkrs s gh oQq :i vkjS nlw jkas ij fuHkjZ gksus osQ fy, D;ksa foo'k djrs gSa\\ D;k dksbZ fo/qj Hkh oSlk djrk gS\\ mls viuh bPNk osQ vuqlkj thus dh Lora=krk gSA rc fL=k;ksa dks oSlh Lora=krk D;ksa ugha feyrh\\¸ fuf'pr :i ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd iafMrk jekckbZ us Hkkjr esa ukjh&eqfDr vkanksyu dh uhao MkyhA os cpiu ls gh vU;k; lgu ugha dj ikrh FkhaA ,d fnu mUgksaus ukS o\"kZ dh ,d NksVh&lh yM+dh dks mlosQ ifr osQ 'ko osQ lkFk HkLe fd, tkus ls cpkus dh ps\"Vk dhA ¶;fn L=kh osQ fy, HkLe gksdj lrh cuuk vfuok;Z gS rks D;k iqjQ\"k Hkh iRuh dh e`R;q osQ ckn lrk gksrs gSa\\¸ jkSciwoZd iwNs x, bl iz'u dk ml yM+dh dh ek¡ osQ ikl dksbZ mÙkj u FkkA mlus osQoy bruk dgk fd ¶;g iqjQ\"kksa dh nqfu;k gSA dkuwu os gh cukrs gSa] fL=k;ksa dks rks mudk ikyu Hkj djuk gksrk gSA¸ jekckbZ us iyVdj iNw k] ¶fL=k;k¡ ,ls s dkuuw kas dks lgu D;kas djrh g\\aS eaS tc cMh+ gks tkmQ¡ xh rks ,ls s dkuuw kas oQs fojQ¼ l?a k\"kZ d:x¡ hA¸ lpepq mUgkuas s i#q \"kkas }kjk efgykvkas oQs iRz ;ds idz kj oQs 'kk\"s k.k oQs fo#¼ la?k\"kZ fd;kA 2022-23

f{kfrt ;rhanz feJ dk tUe lu~ 1977 esa v;ksè;k (mÙkj inz 's k) eas gvq kA mUgkuas s y[kumQ fo'ofo|ky;] y[kumQ ls ¯gnh esa ,e-,- fd;kA os vktdy Lora=k ys[ku osQ lkFk v¼Zokf\"kZd lfgr if=kdk dk laiknu dj jgs gSaA lu~ 1999 eas lkfgR; vkSj dykvksa osQ lao¼Zu vkSj vuq'khyu osQ fy, ,d lkaLÑfrd U;kl ^foeyk nsoh iQkmaMs'ku* dk lapkyu Hkh dj jgs gSaA ;rhanz feJ osQ rhu dkO;&laxzg izdkf'kr gq, gSaµ;nk&dnk] v;ksè;k rFkk vU; dfork,¡] M~;ks<+h ij vkykiA blosQ vykok 'kkL=kh; xkf;dk fxfjtk nsoh 16 osQ thou vkSj laxhr lk/uk ij ,d iqLrd fxfjtk fy[khA jhfrdky osQ vafre izfrfuf/ dfo f}tnso dh ;rhaæ feJ114 xzaFkkoyh (2000) dk lg&laiknu fd;kA oq¡Qoj ukjk;.k ij osaQfnzr nks iqLrdksa osQ vykok fLid eSosQ osQ fy, fojklr&2001 osQ dk;ZØe osQ fy, :iadj dykvksa ij osaQfnzr Fkkrh dk laiknu Hkh fd;kA ;qok jpukdkj ;rhanz feJ dks Hkkjr Hkw\"k.k vxzoky dfork lEeku] gsear Le`fr dfork iqjLdkj] Írqjkt lEeku vkfn dbZ iqjLdkj izkIr gq, gSaA dfork] laxhr o vU; yfyr dykvksa osQ lkFk&lkFk lekt vkSj laLÑfr osQ fofo/ {ks=kksa esa Hkh mudh xgjh #fp gSA 2022-23

;rhanz feJ ukScr[kkus esa bcknr izfl¼ 'kgukbZ oknd mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ij jkspd 'kSyh esa fy[kk x;k O;fDr&fp=k gSA ;rhanz feJ us fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk ifjp; rks fn;k gh gS] lkFk gh mudh #fp;ksa] muosQ vareZu dh cqukoV] laxhr dh lk/uk vkSj yxu dks laosnu'khy Hkk\"kk eas O;Dr fd;k gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh Li\"V fd;k x;k gS fd laxhr ,d vkjk/uk gSA bldk fof/&fo/ku gSA bldk 'kkL=k gS] bl 'kkL=k ls ifjp; vko';d gS] flI+kZQ ifjp; gh ugha mldk vH;kl ”k:jh gS vkSj vH;kl osQ fy, xq#&f'k\"; ijaijk ”k:jh gS] iw.kZ rUe;rk ”k:jh gS] /S;Z ”k:jh gS] eaFku ”k:jh gSA og yxu vkSj /S;Z fcfLeYyk [kk¡ esa jgk gSA rHkh 80 o\"kZ dh mez esa Hkh mudh lkèkuk pyrh jgh gSA ;rhanz feJ laxhr dh 'kkL=kh; ijaijk osQ xgjs tkudkj gSa] bl ikB esa bldh dbZ vuqxw¡tsa gSa tks ikB dks ckj&ckj i<+us osQ fy, vkeaf=kr djrh gaSA Hkk\"kk lgt] izokge;h rFkk izlaxksa vkSj lanHkks± ls Hkjh gqbZ gSA 115 2022-23

f{kfrt ukScr[kkus esa bcknr lu~ 1916 ls 1922 osQ vklikl dh dk'khA iapxaxk ?kkV fLFkr ckykth eafnj dh M~;ks<+hA M~;ks<+h dk ukScr[kkuk vkSj ukScr[kkus ls fudyus okyh eaxyèofuA veh#íhu vHkh flI+kZQ N% lky dk gS vkSj cM+k HkkbZ 'kElqíhu ukS lky dkA veh#íhu dks irk ugha gS fd jkx fdl fpfM+;k dks dgrs gSaA vkSj ;s yksx gSa ekewtku oxSjg tks ckr&ckr ij Hkheiyklh vkSj eqyrkuh dgrs jgrs gSaA D;k okf”kc eryc gks ldrk gS bu 'kCnksa dk] bl fygkt ls vHkh mez ugha gS veh#íhu dh] tku losQ bu Hkkjh 'kCnksa dk otu fdruk gksxkA xks;k] bruk ”k:j gS fd veh#íhu o 'kElqíhu osQ ekek}; lkfnd gqlSu rFkk vyhc['k ns'k osQ tkus&ekus 'kgukbZ oknd gSaA fofHkUu fj;klrksa osQ njckj esa ctkus tkrs jgrs gSaA jks”kukeps esa ckykth dk eafnj lcls Åij vkrk gSA gj fnu dh 'kq#vkr 116 ogha M~;ks<+h ij gksrh gSA eafnj osQ foxzgksa dks irk ugha fdruh le> gS] tks jks”k cny&cnydj eqyrkuh] dY;k.k] yfyr vkSj dHkh HkSjo jkxksa dks lqurs jgrs gSaA ;s [kkunkuh is'kk gS vyhc['k osQ ?kj dkA muosQ vCcktku Hkh ;gha M~;ks<+h ij 'kgukbZ ctkrs jgrs gaSA veh#íhu dk tUe Mqejk¡o] fcgkj osQ ,d laxhr izseh ifjokj esa gqvk gSA 5&6 o\"kZ Mqejk¡o esa fcrkdj og ukuk osQ ?kj] ufugky dk'kh esa vk x;k gSA Mqejk¡o dk bfrgkl esa dksbZ LFkku curk gks] ,slk ugha yxk dHkh HkhA ij ;g ”k:j gS fd 'kgukbZ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSaA 'kgukbZ ctkus osQ fy, jhM dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA jhM vanj ls iksyh gksrh gS ftlosQ lgkjs 'kgukbZ dks iw¡Qdk tkrk gSA jhM] ujdV (,d izdkj dh ?kkl) ls cukbZ tkrh gS tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh osQ fdukjksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSA bruh gh egÙkk gS bl le; Mqejk¡o dh ftlosQ dkj.k 'kgukbZ tSlk ok| ctrk gSA fiQj veh#íhu tks ge lcosQ fiz; gSa] vius mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc gSaA mudk tUe&LFkku Hkh Mqejk¡o gh gSA buosQ ijnknk mLrkn lykj gqlSu [kk¡ Mqejk¡o fuoklh FksA fcfLeYyk [kk¡ mLrkn iSxacjc['k [kk¡ vkSj fe_u osQ NksVs lkgctkns gSaA 2022-23

;rhanz feJ 117 veh#íhu dh mez vHkh 14 lky gSA elyu fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh mez vHkh 14 lky gSA ogh dk'kh gSA ogh iqjkuk ckykth dk eafnj tgk¡ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ukScr[kkus fj;k”k osQ fy, tkuk iM+rk gSA exj ,d jkLrk gS ckykth eafnj rd tkus dkA ;g jkLrk jlwyuckbZ vkSj crwyuckbZ osQ ;gk¡ ls gksdj tkrk gSA bl jkLrs ls veh#íhu dks tkuk vPNk yxrk gSA bl jkLrs u tkus fdrus rjg osQ cksy&cuko dHkh Bqejh] dHkh VIis] dHkh nknjk osQ ekiZQr M~;ks<+h rd ig¡qprs jgrs gSaA jlwyu vkSj crwyu tc xkrh gaS rc veh#íhu dks [kq'kh feyrh gSA vius <sjksa lk{kkRdkjksa esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mUgsa vius thou osQ vkjafHkd fnuksa esa laxhr osQ izfr vklfDr bUgha xkf;dk cfguksa dks lqudj feyh gSA ,d izdkj ls mudh vcks/ mez esa vuqHko dh LysV ij laxhr izsj.kk dh o.kZekyk jlwyuckbZ vkSj crwyuckbZ us mosQjh gSA oSfnd bfrgkl esa 'kgukbZ dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha feyrkA bls laxhr 'kkL=kkarxZr ^lqf\"kj&ok|ksa* esa fxuk tkrk gSA vjc ns'k esa iw¡Qddj ctk, tkus okys ok| ftlesa ukM+h (ujdV ;k jhM) gksrh gS] dks ^u;* cksyrs gSaA 'kgukbZ dks ^'kkgsu;* vFkkZr~ ^lqf\"kj ok|ksa esa 'kkg* dh mikf/ nh xbZ gSA lksygoha 'krkCnh osQ mÙkjk¼Z esa rkulsu osQ }kjk jph cafn'k] tks laxhr jkx dYinzqe ls izkIr gksrh gS] esa 'kgukbZ] eqjyh] oa'kh] Ük`axh ,oa eqjNax vkfn dk o.kZu vk;k gSA vo/h ikjaifjd yksdxhrksa ,oa pSrh esa 'kgukbZ dk mYYks[k ckj&ckj feyrk gSA eaxy dk ifjos'k izfrf\"Br djus okyk ;g ok| bu txgksa ij ekaxfyd fof/&fo/kuksa osQ volj ij gh iz;qDr gqvk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr osQ eaxy ok| ^ukxLoje~* dh rjg 'kgukbZ] izHkkrh dh eaxyèofu dk laiwjd gSA 'kgukbZ osQ blh eaxyèofu osQ uk;d fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc vLlh cjl ls lqj ek¡x jgs gSaA lPps lqj dh userA vLlh cjl dh ik¡pksa oDr okyh uek”k blh lqj dks ikus dh izkFkZuk esa [kpZ gks tkrh gSA yk[kksa l”kns] blh ,d lPps lqj dh bcknr esa [kqnk osQ vkxs >qdrs gSaA os uek”k osQ ckn l”kns esa fxM+fxM+krs gSaµ^esjs ekfyd ,d lqj c['k nsA lqj esa og rklhj iSnk dj fd vk¡[kksa ls lPps eksrh dh rjg vux<+ vk¡lw fudy vk,¡A* mudks ;dhu gS] dHkh [kqnk ;w¡ gh mu ij esgjcku gksxk vkSj viuh >ksyh ls lqj dk iQy fudkydj mudh vksj mNkysxk] fiQj dgsxk] ys tk veh#íhu bldks [kk ys vkSj dj ys viuh eqjkn iwjhA vius mQgkiksgksa ls cpus osQ fy, ge Lo;a fdlh 'kj.k] fdlh xqI+kQk dks [kkstrs gSa tgk¡ viuh nq¯'prkvksa] nqcZyrkvksa dks NksM+ losaQ vkSj ogk¡ ls fiQj vius fy, ,d u;k frfyLe x<+ losaQA fgju viuh gh egd ls ijs'kku iwjs taxy esa ml ojnku dks [kkstrk gS ftldh 2022-23

f{kfrt xed mlh esa lekbZ gSA vLlh cjl ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ ;gh lksprs vk, gSa fd lkrksa lqjksa dks cjrus dh reh”k mUgsa lyhosQ ls vHkh rd D;ksa ugha vkbZA fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vkSj 'kgukbZ osQ lkFk ftl ,d eqfLye ioZ dk uke tqM+k gqvk gS] og eqgjZe gSA eqgjZe dk eghuk og gksrk gS ftlesa f'k;k eqlyeku g”kjr beke gqlSu ,oa muosQ oqQN oa'ktksa osQ izfr v”kknkjh ('kksd eukuk) eukrs gSaA iwjs nl fnuksa dk 'kksdA os crkrs gSa fd muosQ [kkunku dk dksbZ O;fDr eqgjZe osQ fnuksa esa u rks 'kgukbZ ctkrk gS] u gh fdlh laxhr osQ dk;ZØe esa f'kjdr gh djrk gSA vkBoha rkjh[k muosQ fy, [kkl egÙo dh gSA bl fnu [kk¡ lkgc [kM+s gksdj 'kgukbZ ctkrs gSa o nkyeaMh esa iQkreku osQ djhc vkB fdyksehVj dh nwjh rd iSny jksrs gq,] ukSgk ctkrs tkrs gSaA bl fnu dksbZ jkx ugha ctrkA jkx&jkfxfu;ksa dh vnk;xh dk fu\"ks/ gS bl fnuA mudh vk¡[ksa beke gqlSu vkSj muosQ ifjokj osQ yksxksa dh 'kgknr eas ue jgrh gSaA v”kknkjh gksrh gSA g”kkjksa vk¡[ksa ueA g”kkj cjl dh ijaijk iquthZforA eqgjZe laiUu gksrk gSA ,d cM+s dykdkj dk lgt ekuoh; :i ,sls volj ij vklkuh ls fn[k tkrk gSA eqgjZe osQ xe”knk ekgkSy ls vyx] dHkh&dHkh lqowQu osQ {k.kksa esa os viuh tokuh osQ fnuksa dks 118 ;kn djrs gSaA os vius fj;k”k dks de] mu fnuksa osQ vius tquwu dks vf/d ;kn djrs gSaA vius vCcktku vkSj mLrkn dks de] iDdk egky dh oqQylqe gyokbu dh dpkSM+h okyh nqdku o xhrkckyh vkSj lqykspuk dks T;knk ;kn djrs gSaA oSQls lqykspuk mudh ilanhnk ghjksbu jgh Fkha] cM+h jgL;e; eqLdjkgV osQ lkFk xkyksa ij ped vk tkrh gSA [kk¡ lkgc dh vuqHkoh vk¡[ksa vkSj tYnh gh f[kLl ls g¡l nsus dh bZ'ojh; Ñik vkt Hkh cnLrwj dk;e gSA 2022-23

;rhanz feJ 119 blh ckylqyHk g¡lh esa dbZ ;knsa can gSaA os tc mudk f”kØ djrs gSa rc fiQj mlh uSlfxZd vkuan esa vk¡[ksa ped mBrh gSaA veh#íhu rc flIk+ ZQ pkj lky dk jgk gksxkA Nqidj ukuk dks 'kgukbZ ctkrs gq, lqurk Fkk] fj;k”k osQ ckn tc viuh txg ls mBdj pys tk,¡ rc tkdj <sjksa NksVh&cM+h 'kgukb;ksa dh HkhM+ ls vius ukuk okyh 'kgukbZ <w¡<+rk vkSj ,d&,d 'kgukbZ dks isaQd dj [kkfj”k djrk tkrk] lksprkµ^yxrk gS ehBh okyh 'kgukbZ nknk dgha vkSj j[krs gSaA* tc ekew vyhc['k [kk¡ (tks mLrkn Hkh Fks) 'kgukbZ ctkrs gq, le ij vk,¡] rc /M+ ls ,d iRFkj ”kehu ij ekjrk FkkA le ij vkus dh reh”k mUgsa cpiu esa gh vk xbZ Fkh] exj cPps dks ;g ugha ekywe Fkk fd nkn okg djosQ nh tkrh gS] flj fgykdj nh tkrh gS] iRFkj iVd dj ughaA vkSj cpiu osQ le; fIk+ QYeksa osQ cq[kkj osQ ckjs esa rks iwNuk gh D;k\\ ml le; FkMZ Dykl osQ fy, N% iSls dk fVdV feyrk FkkA veh#íhu nks iSls ekew ls] nks iSls ekSlh ls vkSj nks iSls ukuh ls ysrk Fkk fiQj ?kaVksa ykbu esa yxdj fVdV gkfly djrk FkkA b/j lqykspuk dh u;h fI+kQYe flusekgky esa vkbZ vkSj m/j veh#íhu viuh dekbZ ysdj pyk fI+kQYe ns[kus tks ckykth eafnj ij jks”k 'kgukbZ ctkus ls mls feyrh FkhA ,d vBUuh esgurkukA ml ij ;g 'kkSd ”kcjnLr fd lqykspuk dh dksbZ u;h fI+kQYe u NwVs vkSj oqQylqe dh ns'kh ?kh okyh nqdkuA ogk¡ dh laxhre; dpkSM+hA laxhre; dpkSM+h bl rjg D;kasfd oqQylqe tc dydykrs ?kh eas dpkSM+h Mkyrh Fkh] ml le; NUu ls mBus okyh vkok”k esa mUgsa lkjs vkjksg&vojksg fn[k tkrs FksA jke tkus] fdruksa us ,slh dpkSM+h [kkbZ gkasxhA exj bruk r; gS fd vius [kk¡ lkgc fj;k”kh vkSj Loknh nksuksa jgs gSa vkSj bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd nknk dh ehBh 'kgukbZ muosQ gkFk yx pqdh gSA dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d izkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA ;g vk;kstu fiNys dbZ cjlksa ls ladVekspu eafnj esa gksrk vk;k gSA ;g eafnj 'kgj osQ nf{k.k esa yadk ij fLFkr gS o guqeku t;arh osQ volj ij ;gk¡ ik¡p fnuksa rd 'kkL=kh; ,oa mi'kkL=kh; xk;u&oknu dh mRo`Q\"V lHkk gksrh gSA blesa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ vo'; jgrs gSaA vius etgc osQ izfr vR;f/d lefiZr mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dh J¼k dk'kh fo'oukFk th osQ izfr Hkh vikj gSA os tc Hkh dk'kh ls ckgj jgrs gSa rc fo'oukFk o ckykth eafnj dh fn'kk dh vksj eq¡g djosQ cSBrs gSa] FkksM+h nsj gh lgh] exj mlh vksj 'kgukbZ dk I;kyk ?kqek fn;k tkrk gS vkSj Hkhrj dh vkLFkk jhM osQ ekè;e ls ctrh gSA [kk¡ lkgc dh ,d jhM 15 ls 20 feuV osQ vanj xhyh gks tkrh gS rc os nwljh jhM dk bLrseky dj fy;k djrs gSaA 2022-23

f{kfrt vDlj dgrs gSaµ^D;k djsa fe;k¡] bZ dk'kh NksM+dj dgk¡ tk,¡a] xaxk eb;k ;gk¡] ckck fo'oukFk ;gk¡] ckykth dk eafnj ;gk¡] ;gk¡ gekjs [kkunku dh dbZ iq'rksa us 'kgukbZ ctkbZ gS] gekjs ukuk rks ogha ckykth eafnj esa cM+s izfrf\"Br 'kgukbZok”k jg pqosQ gSaA vc ge D;k djsa] ejrs ne rd u ;g 'kgukbZ NwVsxh u dk'khA ftl ”kehu us gesa rkyhe nh] tgk¡ ls vnc ikbZ] oks dgk¡ vkSj feysxh\\ 'kgukbZ vkSj dk'kh ls c<+dj dksbZ tUur ugha bl /jrh ij gekjs fy,A* dk'kh laLÑfr dh ikB'kkyk gSA 'kkL=kksa esa vkuandkuu osQ uke ls izfrf\"BrA dk'kh esa dykèkj guqeku o u`R;&fo'oukFk gSaA dk'kh esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡ gSaA dk'kh esa g”kkjksa lkyksa dk bfrgkl gS ftlesa iafMr oaQBs egkjkt gSa] fo|k/jh gSa] cM+s jkenkl th gSa] ekStqíhu [kk¡ gSa o bu jfldksa ls miÑr gksus okyk vikj tu&lewg gSA ;g ,d vyx dk'kh gS ftldh vyx rg”khc gS] viuh cksyh vkSj vius fof'k\"V yksx gSaA buosQ vius mRlo gSa] viuk xeA viuk lsgjk&cUuk vkSj viuk ukSgkA vki ;gk¡ laxhr dks HkfDr ls] HkfDr dks fdlh Hkh /eZ osQ dykdkj ls] dtjh dks pSrh ls] fo'oukFk dks fo'kkyk{kh ls] fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks xaxk}kj ls vyx djosQ ugha ns[k ldrsA vdlj lekjkgs kas ,oa mRlokas eas nfq u;k dgrh gS ;s fcfLeYyk [kk¡ gAaS fcfLeYYkk [kk¡ dk erycµfcfLeYYkk [kk¡ dh 'kgukbAZ 'kgukbZ dk rkRi;&Z fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk gkFkA gkFk ls vk'k; bruk Hkj fd fcfLeYYkk [kk¡ dh iQ¡w d vkjS 'kgukbZ dh tknbq Z vkok”k dk vlj gekjs flj 120 p<d+ j ckys us yxrk gAS 'kgukbZ eas ljxe Hkjk gAS [kk¡ lkgc dks rky ekyew g]S jkx ekyew gAS ,ls k ugha fd crs kys tk,x¡ As 'kgukbZ eas lkr ljq yds j fudy iMAs+ 'kgukbZ eas ijojfnxkj] xxa k eb;k] mLrkn dh ulhgr yds j mrj iMAs+ nfq u;k dgrhµlcq gku vYykg] frl ij fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dgrs gµaS vygenfq yYykgA NkVs h&NkVs h mit ls feydj ,d cMk+ vkdkj curk gAS 'kgukbZ dk djrc 'k:q gkus s yxrk gAS fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dk lla kj ljq hyk gkus k 'k:q gvq kA iQ¡w d eas vtku dh rklhj mrjrh pyh vkbAZ n[s kr&s n[s krs 'kgukbZ M<s + lrd oQs lkt ls nks lrd dk lkt cu] lktkas dh drkj eas ljrkt gks xbAZ veh#íhu dh 'kgukbZ xt¡w mBhA ml iQdhj dh nvq k yxh ftlus veh#íhu ls dgk Fkkµ¶ctk] ctkA¸ fdlh fnu ,d f'k\";k us Mjr&s Mjrs [kk¡ lkgc dks Vkds k] ¶ckck! vki ;g D;k djrs g]aS bruh ifz r\"Bk gS vkidhA vc rks vkidks HkkjrjRu Hkh fey pdq k g]S ;g iQVh rgen u iguk djAas vPNk ugha yxrk] tc Hkh dkbs Z vkrk gS vki blh iQVh rgen eas lcls feyrs gAaS ¸ [kk¡ lkgc elq djk,A ykM+ ls Hkjdj ckys ]s ¶/r!~ ixyh bZ HkkjrjRu gedks 'kgub;Z k is feyk g]S yfaq x;k is ukghAa req ykxs kas dh rjg cuko flxa kj n[s krs jgr]s rks mej gh chr tkrh] gks pdq rh 'kgukbAZ ¸ rc D;k [kkd fj;k”k gks ikrkA Bhd gS fcfV;k] vkxs ls ugha iguxas ]s exj 2022-23

;rhanz feJ 121 bruk crk, nrs s gaS fd ekfyd ls ;gh nvq k g]S ¶iQVk ljq u c['kAas yfaq x;k dk D;k g]S vkt iQVh g]S rks dy lh tk,xhA¸ lu~ 2000 dh ckr gSA iDdk egky (dk'kh fo'oukFk ls yxk gqvk vf/dre bykdk) ls eykbZ cjIk+ Q cspus okys tk pqosQ gSaA [kk¡ lkgc dks bldh deh [kyrh gSA vc ns'kh ?kh esa og ckr dgk¡ vkSj dgk¡ og dpkSM+h&tyschA [kk¡ lkgc dks cM+h f'kír ls deh [kyrh gSA vc laxfr;ksa osQ fy, xk;dksa osQ eu esa dksbZ vknj ugha jgkA [kk¡ lkgc viQlksl trkrs gSaA vc ?kaVksa fj;k”k dks dkSu iwNrk gS\\ gSjku gSa fcfLeYyk [kk¡A dgk¡ og dtyh] pSrh vkSj vnc dk tekuk\\ lpeqp gSjku djrh gS dk'khµiDdk egky ls tSls eykbZ cjI+kQ x;k] laxhr] lkfgR; vkSj vnc dh cgqr lkjh ijaijk,¡ yqIr gks xb±A ,d lPps lqj lk/d vkSj lkekftd dh Hkk¡fr fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc dks bu lcdh deh [kyrh gSA dk'kh esa ftl rjg ckck fo'oukFk vkSj fcfLeyk [kk¡ ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd jgs gSa] mlh rjg eqgjZe&rkft;k vkSj gksyh&vchj] xqyky dh xaxk&tequh laLÑfr Hkh ,d nwljs osQ iwjd jgs gSaA vHkh tYnh gh cgqr oqQN bfrgkl cu pqdk gSA vHkh vkxs cgqr oqQN bfrgkl cu tk,xkA fiQj Hkh oqQN cpk gS tks flI+kZQ dk'kh esa gSA dk'kh vkt Hkh laxhr osQ Loj ij txrh vkSj mlh dh Fkkiksa ij lksrh gSA dk'kh esa ej.k Hkh eaxy ekuk x;k gSA dk'kh vkuandkuu gSA lcls cM+h ckr gS fd dk'kh osQ ikl mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kk¡ tSlk y; vkSj lqj dh reht fl[kkus okyk uk;kc ghjk jgk gS tks ges'kk ls nks dkSeksa dks ,d gksus o vkil esa HkkbZpkjs osQ lkFk jgus dh izsj.kk nsrk jgkA HkkjrjRu ls ysdj bl ns'k osQ <sjksa fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh ekun mikf/;ksa ls vyaÑr o laxhr ukVd vdkneh iqjLdkj ,oa in~efoHkw\"k.k tSls lEekuksa ls ugha] cfYd viuh vts; laxhr;k=kk osQ fy, fcfLeYyk [kk¡ lkgc Hkfo\"; esa ges'kk laxhr osQ uk;d cus jgsaxsA uCcs o\"kZ dh Hkjh&iwjh vk;q esa 21 vxLr 2006 dks laxhr jfldksa dh gkfnZd lHkk ls fonk gq, [kk¡ lkgc dh lcls cM+h nsu gesa ;gh gS fd iwjs vLlh cjl mUgksaus laxhr dks laiw.kZrk o ,dkf/dkj ls lh[kus dh ftthfo\"kk dks vius Hkhrj ftank j[kkA 2022-23

f{kfrt iz'u&vH;kl 1- 'kgukbZ dh nqfu;k esa Mqejk¡o dks D;ksa ;kn fd;k tkrk gS\\ 2- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks 'kgukbZ dh eaxyèofu dk uk;d D;ksa dgk x;k gS\\ 3- lqf\"kj&ok|ksa ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\\ 'kgukbZ dks ^lqf\"kj ok|ksa esa 'kkg* dh mikf/ D;ksa nh xbZ gksxh\\ 4- vk'k; Li\"V dhft,µ (d) ^iQVk lqj u c['ksaA yqafx;k dk D;k gS] vkt iQVh gS] rks dy lh tk,xhA* ([k) ^esjs ekfyd lqj c['k nsA lqj esa og rklhj iSnk dj fd vk¡[kksa ls lPps eksrh dh rjg vux<+ vk¡lw fudy vk,¡A* 5- dk'kh esa gks jgs dkSu&ls ifjorZu fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks O;fFkr djrs Fks\\ 6- ikB esa vk, fdu izlaxksa osQ vk/kj ij vki dg ldrs gSa fdµ (d) fcfLeYyk [kk¡ feyh&tqyh laLÑfr osQ izrhd FksA ([k) os okLrfod vFkks± esa ,d lPps bulku FksA 122 7- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ oQs thou ls tMq h+ mu ?kVukvkas vkjS O;fDr;kas dk mYy[s k djas ftUgkuas s mudh lxa hr lkèkuk dks le`¼ fd;k\\ jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 8- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ O;fDrRo dh dkSu&dkSu lh fo'ks\"krkvksa us vkidks izHkkfor fd;k\\ 9- eqgjZe ls fcfLeYyk [kk¡ osQ tqM+ko dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 10- fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dyk osQ vuU; mikld Fks] roZQ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A Hkk\"kkµvè;;u 11- fuEufyf[kr feJ okD;ksa osQ miokD; Nk¡Vdj Hksn Hkh fyf[k,µ (d) ;g ”k:j gS fd 'kgukbZ vkSj Mqejk¡o ,d&nwljs osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSaA ([k) jhM vanj ls iksyh gksrh gS ftlosQ lgkjs 'kgukbZ dks iw¡Qdk tkrk gSA (x) jhM ujdV ls cukbZ tkrh gS tks Mqejk¡o esa eq[;r% lksu unh osQ fdukjksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSA (?k) mudks ;dhu gS] dHkh [kqnk ;w¡ gh mu ij esgjcku gksxkA 2022-23

;rhanz feJ (Ä) fgju viuh gh egd ls ijs'kku iwjs taxy esa ml ojnku dks [kkstrk gS ftldh xed mlh esa lekbZ gSA (p) [kk¡ lkgc dh lcls cM+h nsu gesa ;gh gS fd iwjs vLlh cjl mUgksaus laxhr dks laiw.kZrk o ,dkfèkdkj ls lh[kus dh ftthfo\"kk dks vius Hkhrj ftank j[kkA 12- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dks fefJr okD;ksa esa cnfy,µ (d) blh ckylqyHk g¡lh esa dbZ ;knsa can gSaA ([k) dk'kh esa laxhr vk;kstu dh ,d izkphu ,oa vn~Hkqr ijaijk gSA (x) /r~! ixyh bZ HkkjrjRu gedks 'kgubZ;k is feyk gS] yqafx;k is ukghaA (?k) dk'kh dk uk;kc ghjk ges'kk ls nks dkSeksa dks ,d gksdj vkil esa HkkbZpkjs osQ lkFk jgus dh izsj.kk nsrk jgkA ikBsRkj lfozQ;rk  dYiuk dhft, fd vkiosQ fo|ky; eas fdlh izfl¼ laxhrdkj osQ 'kgukbZ oknu dk dk;ZØe 123 vk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA bl dk;ZØe dh lwpuk nsrs gq, cqysfVu cksMZ osQ fy, uksfVl cukb,A  vki vius euilan laxhrdkj osQ ckjs esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A  gekjs lkfgR;] dyk] laxhr vkSj u`R; dks le`¼ djus esa dk'kh (vkt osQ okjk.klh) osQ ;ksxnku ij ppkZ dhft,A  dk'kh dk uke vkrs gh gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus dk'kh dh cgqr&lh ph”ksa mHkjus yxrh gSa] os dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\\ 'kCn&laink & ngyh”k M;~ k<s h+ & izos'k }kj osQ mQij eaxy èofu ctkus dk LFkku ukScr[kkuk & vH;kl fj;k”k & }kjk ekI+kZQr & lhax dk cuk ok|;a=k Ük`axh eqjNax & ,d izdkj dk yksd ok|;a=k user & bZ'oj dh nsu] lq[k] /u nkSyr l”knk & ekFkk Vsduk bcknr & mikluk rklhj Jqfr & xq.k] izHkko] vlj mQgkiksg & 'kCnèofu & my>u] vfuf'prrk 2022-23

f{kfrt frfyLe & tknw xed & [kq'kcw] lqxa/ v”kknkjh & ekre djuk] nq[k eukuk cnLrjw & dk;ns ls] rjhosQ ls ulS fxdZ & LokHkkfod] ikz oQ` frd nkn & 'kkcklh rkyhe & f'k{kk vnc & dk;nk] lkfgR; vygenqfyYykg & reke rkjhI+kQ bZ'oj osQ fy, ftthfo\"kk & thus dh bPNk f'kjdr & 'kkfey gksuk ;g Hkh tkusa le µ rky dk ,d vxa ] lxa hr eas og LFkku tgk¡ y; dh lekfIr vkjS rky dk vkjHa k gkrs k gAS Jfq r µ ,d Loj ls nwljs Loj ij tkrs le; dk vR;ar lw{e Lojka'k ok|;a=k µ gekjs ns'k esa ok| ;a=kksa dh eq[; pkj Jsf.k;k¡ ekuh tkrh gSaµ rr&forr µ rkj okys ok|µoh.kk] flrkj] lkjaxh] ljksn lfq \"kj µ iw¡Qd dj ctk, tkus okys ok|µck¡lqjh] 'kgukbZ] ukxLoje~] chu 124 ?kuok| µ vk?kkr ls ctk, tkus okys /krq ok|µ>k¡>] eathjk] ?kq¡?k: vou¼ µ peM+s ls e<+s ok|µrcyk] <ksyd] e`nax vkfnA pSrh p<+y pbr fpr ykxs uk jkek ckck osQ Hkouok chj ceuok lxqu fcpkjks dc gksbgSa fi;k ls feyuok gks jkek p<+y pbr fpr ykxs uk jkek Bq ejh cktqcan [kqy&[kqy tk, tknw dh iqfM+;k Hkj&Hkj ekjh gs! cktqcan [kqy&[kqy tk, 2022-23

;rhanz feJ VIik 125 ckxk¡ fop vk;k djks ckxk¡ fop vk;k djks efD[k;k¡ rksa Mj yxnk xqM+ ”kjk de [kk;k djksA nknjk rM+i rM+i ft;k tk, lk¡ofj;k fcuk xksoqQy NkM+s eFkqjk esa Nk, fdu lax izhr yxk, rM+i rM+i ft;k tk, 2022-23

f{kfrt Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u dk tUe lu~ 1905 esa iatkc osQ vackyk f”kys osQ lksgkuk xk¡o esa gqvkA muosQ cpiu dk uke gjuke nkl FkkA mUgksaus ykgkSj osQ us'kuy dkWfyt ls ch-,- fd;kA vuU; ¯gnh lsoh dkSlY;k;u th ckS¼ fHk{kq Fks vkSj mUgksaus ns'k&fons'k dh dkI+kQh ;k=kk,¡ dha rFkk ckS¼ /eZ osQ izpkj&izlkj osQ fy, viuk lkjk thou lefiZr dj fn;kA os xka/h th osQ lkFk yacs vlsZ rd oèkkZ esa jgsA lu~ 1988 esa mudk fu/u gks x;kA Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u dh 20 ls vf/d iqLrosaQ izdkf'kr gSaA ftuesa fHk{kq osQ i=k] tks Hkwy uk ldk] vkg! 17 ,slh nfjnzrk] cgkusckth] ;fn ckck uk gksrs] jsy dk fVdV] dgk¡ D;k ns[kk vkfn izeq[k gSaA ckS¼/eZ&n'kZu Hknar vkuan126 lacaf/r muosQ ekSfyd vkSj vuwfnr vusd xzaFk gSa ftuesa tkrd dFkkvksa dk vuqokn fo'ks\"k mYys[kuh; gSA dklS Y;k;uns'k&fons'k osQ Hkze.k us Hknar th dks vuqHko dh O;kidrk iznku dh vkSj mudh l`tukRedrk dks Lke`¼ fd;kA mUgksaus ¯gnh lkfgR; lEesyu] iz;kx vkSj jk\"Vª Hkk\"kk izpkj lfefr] o/kZ osQ ekè;e ls ns'k&fons'k esa ¯gnh Hkk\"kk osQ izpkj&izlkj dk egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;kA os xka/h th osQ O;fDrRo ,oa ÑfrRo ls fo'ks\"k izHkkfor FksA ljy] lgt cksypky dh Hkk\"kk esa fy[ks muosQ fucaèk] laLej.k vkSj ;k=kk o`Ùkkar dkI+kQh pfpZr jgs gSaA 2022-23

Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u LkaLo`Qfr fuca/ gesa lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr ls tqM+s vusd tfVy iz'ukas ls Vdjkus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA bl fuca/ esa Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u th us vusd mnkgj.k nsdj ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd lH;rk vkSj laLÑfr fdls dgrs gSa] nksuksa ,d gh oLrq gSa vFkok vyx&vyxA os lH;rk dks laLÑfr dk ifj.kke ekurs gq, dgrs gSa fd ekuo laLÑfr vfoHkkT; oLrq gSA mUgsa laLÑfr dk c¡Vokjk djus okys yksxksa ij vk'p;Z gksrk gS vkSj nq[k HkhA mudh n`f\"V esa tks euq\"; osQ fy, dY;k.kdkjh ugha gS] og u lH;rk gS vkSj u laLÑfrA 127 2022-23

f{kfrt laLÑfr tks 'kCn lcls de le> esa vkrs gSa vkSj ftudk mi;ksx gksrk gS lcls vfèkd_ ,sls nks 'kCn gSa lH;rk vkSj laLo`QfrA bu nks 'kCnksa osQ lkFk tc vusd fo'ks\"k.k yx tkrs gSa] mnkgj.k osQ fy, tSls HkkSfrd&lH;rk vkSj vkè;kfRed&lH;rk] rc nksuksa 'kCnksa dk tks FkksM+k cgqr vFkZ le> esa vk;k jgrk gS] og Hkh xyr&lyr gks tkrk gSA D;k ;g ,d gh ph”k gS vFkok nks oLrq,¡\\ ;fn nks gSa rks nksuksa esa D;k varj gS\\ ge bls vius rjhosQ ij le>us dh dksf'k'k djsaA dYiuk dhft, ml le; dh tc ekuo lekt dk vfXu nsork ls lk{kkr ugha gqvk FkkA vkt rks ?kj&?kj pwYgk tyrk gSA ftl vkneh us igys igy vkx dk vkfo\"dkj fd;k gksxk] og fdruk cM+k vkfo\"drkZ gksxk! 128 vFkok dYiuk dhft, ml le; dh tc ekuo dks lqbZ&èkkxs dk ifjp; u Fkk] ftl euq\"; osQ fnekx esa igys&igy ckr vkbZ gksxh fd yksgs osQ ,d VqdM+s dks f?kldj mlosQ ,d fljs dks Nsndj vkSj Nsn esa èkkxk fijksdj diM+s osQ nks VqdM+s ,d lkFk tksM+s tk ldrs gSa] og Hkh fdruk cM+k vkfo\"drkZ jgk gksxk! bUgha nks mnkgj.kksa ij fopkj dhft,_ igys mnkgj.k esa ,d ph”k gS fdlh O;fDr fo'ks\"k dh vkx dk vkfo\"dkj dj ldus dh 'kfDr vkSj nwljh ph”k gS vkx dk vkfo\"dkjA blh izdkj nwljs lqbZ&èkkxs osQ mnkgj.k esa ,d ph”k gS lbq &Z èkkxs dk vkfo\"dkj dj loQus dh 'kfDr vkSj nwljh ph”k gS lqbZ&èkkxs dk vkfo\"dkjA ftl ;kXs ;rk] ioz f` Ùk vFkok iszj.kk osQ cy ij vkx dk o 2022-23

Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u 129 lqbZ&èkkxs dk vkfo\"dkj gqvk] og gS O;fDRk fo'ks\"k dh laLo`Qfr_ vkSj ml laLo`Qfr }kjk tks vkfo\"dkj gqvk] tks ph”k mlus vius rFkk nwljksa osQ fy, vkfo\"o`Qr dh] mldk uke gS lH;rkA ftl O;fDr esa igyh ph”k] ftruh vfèkd o tSlh ifj\"o`Qr ek=kk esa gksxh] og O;fDr mruk gh vfèkd o oSlk gh ifj\"o`Qr vkfo\"drkZ gksxkA ,d laLo`Qr O;fDr fdlh u;h ph”k dh [kkst djrk gS_ ¯drq mldh larku dks og vius iwoZt ls vuk;kl gh izkIr gks tkrh gSA ftl O;fDr dh cqf¼ us vFkok mlosQ foosd us fdlh Hkh u, rF; dk n'kZu fd;k] og O;fDr gh okLrfod laLo`Qr O;fDr gS vkSj mldh larku ftls vius iwoZt ls og oLrq vuk;kl gh izkIr gks xbZ gS] og vius iwoZt dh Hkk¡fr lH; Hkys gh cu tk,] laLo`Qr ugha dgyk ldrkA ,d vkèkqfud mnkgj.k ysaA U;wVu us xqjQRokd\"kZ.k osQ fl¼kar dk vkfo\"dkj fd;kA og LkaLo`Qr ekuo FkkA vkt osQ ;qx dk HkkSfrd foKku dk fo|kFkhZ U;wVu osQ xqjQRokd\"kZ.k ls rks ifjfpr gS gh_ ysfdu mlosQ lkFk mls vkSj Hkh vusd ckrksa dk Kku izkIr gS ftuls 'kk;n U;wVu vifjfpr gh jgkA ,slk gksus ij Hkh ge vkt osQ HkkSfrd foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ dks U;wVu dh vis{kk vfèkd lH; Hkys gh dg losQ_ ij U;wVu ftruk laLo`Qr ugha dg ldrsA vkx osQ vkfo\"dkj esa dnkfpr isV dh Tokyk dh izsj.kk ,d dkj.k jghA lqbZ&èkkxs osQ vkfo\"dkj esa 'kk;n 'khrks\".k ls cpus rFkk 'kjhj dks ltkus dh izo`fÙk dk fo'ks\"k gkFk jgkA vc dYiuk dhft, ml vkneh dh ftldk isV Hkjk gS] ftldk ru <¡dk gS] ysfdu tc og [kqys vkdk'k osQ uhps lks;k gqvk jkr osQ txexkrs rkjksa dks ns[krk gS] rks mldks osQoy blfy, uhan ugha vkrh D;ksafd og ;g tkuus osQ fy, ijs'kku gS fd vkf[kj ;g eksrh Hkjk Fkky D;k gS\\ isV Hkjus vkSj ru <¡dus dh bPNk euq\"; dh laLo`Qfr dh tuuh ugha gSA isV Hkjk vkSj ru <¡dk gksus ij Hkh ,slk ekuo tks okLro esa laLo`Qr gS] fuBYyk ugha cSB ldrkA gekjh lH;rk dk ,d cM+k va'k gesa ,sls laLo`Qr vknfe;ksa ls gh feyk gS] ftudh psruk ij LFkwy HkkSfrd dkj.kksa dk izHkko izèkku jgk gS] ¯drq mldk oqQN fgLlk gesa euhf\"k;ksa ls Hkh feyk gS fTkUgksaus rF;&fo'ks\"k dks fdlh HkkSfrd izsj.kk osQ o'khHkwr gksdj ugha] cfYd muosQ vius vanj dh lgt laLo`Qfr osQ gh dkj.k izkIr fd;k gSA jkr osQ rkjksa dks ns[kdj u lks ldus okyk euh\"kh gekjs vkt osQ Kku dk ,slk gh izFke iqjLdrkZ FkkA HkkSfrd izsj.kk] KkusIlkµD;k ;s nks gh ekuo laLo`Qfr osQ ekrk&firk gSa\\ nwljs osQ eq¡g esa dkSj Mkyus osQ fy, tks vius eq¡g dk dkSj NksM+ nsrk gS] mldks ;g ckr D;ksa vkSj oSQls lw>rh gS\\ jksxh cPps dks lkjh jkr xksn esa fy, tks ekrk cSBh jgrh gS] og vkf[kj ,slk 2022-23

f{kfrt D;ksa djrh gS\\ lqurs gSa fd :l dk HkkX;foèkkrk ysfuu viuh MSLd esa j[ks gq, Mcy jksVh osQ lw[ks VqdM+s Lo;a u [kkdj nwljksa dks f[kyk fn;k djrk FkkA og vkf[kj ,slk D;ksa djrk Fkk\\ lalkj osQ e”knwjksa dks lq[kh ns[kus dk LoIu ns[krs gq, dkyZ ekDlZ us viuk lkjk thou nq[k esa fcrk fn;kA vkSj bu lcls c<+dj vkt ugha] vkt ls <kbZ g”kkj o\"kZ iwoZ fl¼kFkZ us viuk ?kj osQoy blfy, R;kx fn;k fd fdlh rjg r`\".kk osQ o'khHkwr yM+rh&dVrh ekuork lq[k ls jg losQA gekjh le> esa ekuo laLo`Qfr dh tks ;ksX;rk vkx o lqbZ&èkkxs dk vkfo\"dkj djkrh gS_ og Hkh laLo`Qfr gS tks ;ksX;rk rkjksa dh tkudkjh djkrh gS] og Hkh gS_ vkSj tks ;ksX;rk fdlh egkekuo ls loZLo R;kx djkrh gS] og Hkh laLo`Qfr gSA vkSj lH;rk\\ lH;rk gS laLo`Qfr dk ifj.kkeA gekjs [kkus&ihus osQ rjhosQ] gekjs vks<+us iguus osQ rjhosQ] gekjs xeuk&xeu osQ lkèku] gekjs ijLij dV ejus osQ rjhosQ_ lc gekjh lH;rk gSaA ekuo dh tks ;ksX;rk mlls vkRe&fouk'k osQ lkèkuksa dk vkfo\"dkj djkrh gS] ge mls mldh laLo`Qfr dgsa ;k vlaLo`Qfr\\ vkSj ftu lkèkuksa osQ cy ij og fnu&jkr vkRe&fouk'k esa tqVk gqvk gS] mUgsa ge mldh lH;rk le>sa ;k vlH;rk\\ laLo`Qfr dk ;fn dY;k.k dh Hkkouk ls ukrk VwV tk,xk rks og vlaLo`Qfr gksdj gh jgsxh vkSj ,slh laLo`Qfr dk vo';aHkkoh ifj.kke vlH;rk osQ vfrfjDr nwljk D;k gksxk\\ 130 laLo`Qfr osQ uke ls ftl owQM+s&djdV osQ <sj dk cksèk gksrk gS] og u laLo`Qfr gS u j{k.kh; oLrqA {k.k&{k.k ifjorZu gksus okys lalkj esa fdlh Hkh ph”k dks idM+dj cSBk ugha tk ldrkA ekuo us tc&tc izKk vkSj eS=kh Hkko ls fdlh u, rF; dk n'kZu fd;k gS rks mlus dksbZ oLrq ugha ns[kh gS] ftldh j{kk osQ fy, nycafn;ksa dh ”k:jr gSA ekuo laLo`Qfr ,d vfoHkkT; oLrq gS vkSj mlesa ftruk va'k dY;k.k dk gS] og vdY;k.kdj dh vis{kk Js\"B gh ugha LFkk;h Hkh gSA iz'u&vH;kl 1- ys[kd dh n`f\"V esa ^lH;rk* vkSj ^laLo`Qfr* dh lgh le> vc rd D;ksa ugha cu ikbZ gS\\ 2- vkx dh [kkst ,d cgqr cM+h [kkst D;ksa ekuh tkrh gS\\ bl [kkst osQ ihNs jgh izsj.kk osQ eq[; lzksr D;k jgs gksaxs\\ 2022-23

Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u 3- okLrfod vFkks± esa ^laLo`Qr O;fDr* fdls dgk tk ldrk gS\\ 4- U;wVu dks laLo`Qr ekuo dgus osQ ihNs dkSu ls roZQ fn, x, gSa\\ U;wVu }kjk izfrikfnr fl¼karksa ,oa Kku dh dbZ nwljh ckjhfd;ksa dks tkuus okys yksx Hkh U;wVu dh rjg laLo`Qr ugha dgyk ldrs] D;ksa\\ 5- fdu egÙoiw.kZ vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, lqbZ&èkkxs dk vkfo\"dkj gqvk gksxk\\ 6- ¶ekuo laLo`Qfr ,d vfoHkkT; oLrq gSA¸ fdUgha nks izlaxkas dk mYys[k dhft, tcµ (d) ekuo laLo`Qfr dks foHkkftr djus dh ps\"Vk,¡ dh xb±A ([k) tc ekuo laLo`Qfr us vius ,d gksus dk izek.k fn;kA 7- vk'k; Li\"V dhft,µ (d) ekuo dh tks ;ksX;rk mlls vkRe&fouk'k osQ lkèkuksa dk vkfo\"dkj djkrh gS] ge mls mldh laLo`Qfr dgas ;k vlaLo`Qfr\\ jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 8- ys[kd us vius n`f\"Vdks.k ls lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr dh ,d ifjHkk\"kk nh gSA vki lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr osQ 131 ckjs esa D;k lksprs gSa] fyf[k,A Hkk\"kk&vè;;u 9- fuEufyf[kr lkekfld inksa dk foxzg djosQ lekl dk Hksn Hkh fyf[k,µ xyr&lyr vkRe&fouk'k egkekuo innfyr ¯gn&w elq fye ;Fkksfpr lIrf\"kZ lqykspuk ikBsrj lfozQ;rk  ^LFkwy HkkSfrd dkj.k gh vkfo\"dkjksa dk vkèkkj ugha gSA* bl fo\"k; ij okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu dhft,A  mu [kkstksa vkSj vkfo\"dkjksa dh lwph rS;kj dhft, tks vkidh u”kj esa cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSa\\ 'kCn&laink vkè;kfRed & ijekRek ;k vkRek ls lacaèk j[kus okyk_ eu ls lacaèk j[kus okyk lk{kkr & vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus] izR;{k] lhèks vkfo\"drkZ & vkfo\"dkj djus okyk ifj\"Ñr & ftldk ifj\"dkj fd;k x;k gks] 'kq¼ fd;k gqvk] lkI+kQ fd;k gqvk 2022-23

f{kfrt & fcuk iz;kl osQ] vklkuh ls & dHkh] 'kk;n vuk;kl & BaMk vkSj xje dnkfpr & csdkj] vdeZ.;] fcuk dke èkaèks dk] [kkyh cSBk gqvk 'khrks\".k & fo}kuksa] fopkj'khyksa fuBYyk & o'k esa gksuk] vèkhu euhf\"k;ksa & I;kl] yksHk o'khHkrw & ftldk gksuk fuf'pr gks r`\".kk & tks ck¡Vk u tk losQ vo';Ha kkoh vfoHkkT; 132 2022-23