Salud Coomeva Magazine June - July 2018

ISSN 1692 - 5556 June - July 2018 - Issue 141COOMEVA MEDICINA PREPAGADA HABLEMOS DE SEXUALIDAD LET'S TALK ABOUT SEXUALITYwww.revistasaludcoomeva.com 1



Issue 141 HAPPY FATHER’S DAY!June - July 2018 “At six months, children can recognize the ciplining, teaching, and engaging in con-Revista Salud Founder voices of their mother and father. Studies versation with deep love and unders-Gilberto Lotero Muñoz (q.e.p.d.) have shown that at eight weeks, when tanding helps to raise better individuals babies get physically close to their and prepare them with better tools forChairman of the Board mothers, their heart rates and breathing their futures.José Vicente Torres Osorio slows, their shoulders relax and their By understanding the important role they eyes become smaller. With fathers, on play in contributing to their family and aExecutive President Of the the other hand, their heart rates and more just society, Coomeva PrivateCooperativo Coomeva Business Group breathing accelerate, their shoulders Healthcare celebrates Father’s Day withAlfredo Arana Velasco become tense and their eyes become its members, inviting them to spend time more open and shiny,” explains child psy- with their family in a healthy way throughCEO Coomeva Sector Salud chiatrist Kyle Pruett in his book, play and sports such as: going on hikes,Gilberto Quinche Toro “Fatherneed: Why Father Care Is as riding bikes, playing soccer, going on a Essential as Mother Care for Your Child.” last-minute picnic at the closest park orPrepaid Medicine CEO This is a brief explanation that further preparing a lunch with nutritious ingre-Jorge Alberto Zapata Builes describes the characteristics of the dients and healthy portions. bond between fathers and their chil- By leading a balanced lifestyle, fathers canNational Director of Strategy dren: a relationship that is fundamental also have an impact on the generaland New Business to children’s emotional development. wellbeing of their loved ones. Because weMauricio Castillo Pérez We believe that leading a good examp- know that “Your Health and Loving le, being assertive in supporting and dis-National Director of Marketing •Yourself” means taking care of yourselfSector SaludCamilo Ernesto Diusaba Perdomo Editorial and Graphic Direction, Magazine General Editor Journalists Commercialization prepress and printing Paula Andrea Montoya T. Isabel Vallejo Jiménez El ColombianoGeneral Manager El Colombiano Ana María López de Mesa Cali: Marisol MonsalveDavid Montes Canal Tel.: (4) 331 5252 Magazine Editor Paola A. Cardona Tobón 310 544 2354 [email protected] Natalia Estefania Botero C. Ingrid Cruz [email protected] Committee Graphic Editor Diana Milena Ramírez Bogotá: Ana María EchandíaPascual Estrada Garcés Hugo A. Vásquez E. 3183764776National Director of Prepaid Photography Medellín: Mónica GómezHealthcare Design ShutterStock - Cortesía 312 202 7269Hernán Darío Rodríguez Anabell Maya Torres [email protected] National Director Carolina Alzate JiménezBlanca Inés VélezNational Director of Oral Health The contents of all Salud Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A. magazine articles are illustrative in nature and/or for general knowledge. In no case areSandra Viviana Muñoz Rodríguez they meant to replace the advice or guidance of a physician. Readers shall not use this information in order to self-diagnose and/or perform an analysis,Director of Epidemiology diagnosis or treatment of a disease or health problem without consulting with a certified physician.Bertha Lucía Varela Rojas The product and service offers made in the ads published in the Salud Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A. magazine are the sole responsibility of theJefe Nacional Auditoría Médica advertisers. Also, the company is not liable nor obligated to provide its affiliates the services, procedures or treatments described in the contents ofMartha Liliana Cifuentes articles that are not included in the coverage offered by Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A., nor shall they be obligated to include them in their plansCoordinadora Nal. de and services. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form or system. © 2018Relacionamiento con PrestadoresJulián VillegasNational Chief of RiskManagement in HealthEditorDavid Montes CanalEditorial CoordinatorMelissa Arce PérezCollaboratorsMabel Irina CaleroXiomara Iveth CampoViviana Trujillo JiménezClaudia Alexandra GarcíaAna María CorreaCarolina Pinto Gómez 3

TABLE OF CONTENTSJune – July 2018 7 25 45 67( ) ( ) ( ) ( )WITH YOUR WORLD WITH YOUR MIND WITH YOUR BODY CORPORATE8 Grandparents 26 Trends 46 For her 68 Institutional It’s okay to play! Sexuality: A For a helpful and Connecting with conversation that informative first our affiliates12 Couples shouldn’t wait appointment Treating each other 70 Services well always wins 32 Your generation 50 For your smile Emergency healthcare When eating Wisdom teeth: Not as services becomes a disorder helpful as they sound14 Keep in mind 36 Little giants 52 Infographic 74 Directory Aim for balance Keeping children and The traveler’s New providers and with technology their attention spans roadmap to health updated contact in check information18 Focus on 54 Prevention UV radiation 40 Harmony in health Listening to Staying motivated to our bodies reach your goals20 Little giants 44 Games 58 For him Learning to tell the truth: Crossword puzzle Urinary problems: Teaching by example and sudoku When to worry22 Go natural 62 Trends Avocados: Stand up against Rich in nutrients physical inactivity4

Protección Radiación La radiación ,5 Tienen la capacidad Las SLHOHV MyYHQHV 7HUDSLD SUHYHQWLYD a constituye el de SHQHWUDU son más susceptibles temprana edad,  a capas más profundas al daño solar. generando hábitos de de la piel. cuidado frente a losdel espectro solar. efectos nocivos de los rayos solares. 5











( )WITH YOUR WORLD ACTIVITIES TO DO OUTSIDE► Traditional games. Grandparents may have several games that they may remember from their own childhoods that may not demand too much of them, such as hide-and-go-seek. They can even modify the rules to fit the grandchild’s age as well as the state of the grandparent’s health.► “I spy” while going on a walk. While walking through the garden, neighborhood or on the way to the park, you can play “I spy” with colors, letters or objects.► Play with a ball. This is always an excellent activity. From playing soccer to tossing a ball back and forth, playing with a ball helps get children running and allows grandparents to be more stationary as a goalie or wait while the child returns with the ball.► Go fishing. While grandmothers are often the ones who take care of the kids, grandfathers can also teach the child to fish along with the art of being patient.► Be explorers. Sometimes, without even going very far or while going on long walks, you can pretend you are going on an expedition and use a magnifying glass to observe ants, grass or anything hiding out in the house patio or neighborhood park.► Water the plants. There is no activity that is more simplistic, or more fun, than playing with water. If it is good whether out, and everyone is in a good mood and in good health, you can fill buckets with water or use a hose to not only water the plants or garden, but also to fill up balloons and have a water fight! (Of course, without wasting too much water!).► Visit a special place. If the child is old enough, they may be able to go to a museum or place of interest in the city to learn about and beco- me familiar with different areas.► Make toys. Pick up recyclable items from throughout the house, patio or •neighborhood, and sit outside and to put them together to make toys 11

WITH YOUR WORLD( )couplesTREATING EACH OTHER WELLALWAYS WINSRespect is essential to a balanced, healthyrelationship where love abounds. ADVISOR CLAUDIA MARÍA MORENO GÓMEZ Psychologist, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada Living together can bring lovely experien- “It’s the idea that I won’t do to another, ces, but it can also be challenging. what I don’t want done to me. Training each Partners must learn to adapt and have a other well means not being aggressive and clear understanding that respect is a necessary that means both physical and psychological part of building a relationship. Respect is the abuse. Emotional abuse towards another, foundation for a healthy, balanced rela- and towards the essence of their being, is a tionship that grows by treating each other well violation of their rights,” she explains. Abuse and by knowing how to overcome difficulties. is when you disqualify, ignore or manipulate another, or when you use emotional A healthy relationship does not mean a blackmail against another. conflict-free relationship. Conflicts teach people to grow and mature, and the key to a IT TAKES TWO successful conflict is how to address it. “A As María Victoria Álvarez Vélez emphasizes, healthy relationship means good communi- Director of Family Development at the cation. It means that both people choose Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, “Living what they want to share and experience, and together is not just about sharing the same experience ‘happiness’ together on a daily or roof.” It’s about having a clear understanding regular basis. I say, ‘happiness’ in quotation that couples involve two people who feel, act marks because when I talk about happiness, and think differently, but have things in this means that both partners know what common: they are together by their own free they want,” states Claudia Maria Moreno will, they love each other, and they each have Gómez, a psychologist with a master’s in cli- their own rights and responsibilities. nical and family psychology. “Life as a couple has three types of bagga- While there may be the part where we fall ge: yours, mine and ours. In ours, I pack in love, where we dream about how things will what is useful to us as a couple. In mine, I be and how we want things to work out, it’s include what is for me. That is very healthy. I not all a bowl of cherries: we’re not perfect and don’t mix mine with the other’s, I have my there are never perfect situations. With love, own life goals and let my partner have theirs, this is a reality that we must face. Treating each but we both have lives that allow us to deve- other well must therefore be something we lop, because the essence of life as a couple is work on every day, as with all of our work to grow as people.” stress, changes as a couple, changes in tempera- ment, and social pressure – it is very easy to To treat each other well, I recommend that cross the dangerous line of disrespecting each couples see each other in a positive light and other with words, attitudes and actions. turn what is negative into fuel for assigning12

( )WITH YOUR WORLDTIPS FOR A BALANCED RELATIONSHIP► Maintain admiration and love for the other. ves two different people, we must listen actively. Always acknowledge what your partner has to Grow and communicate with each other through contribute. When we have lost admiration for our your differences. partners or begin to feel annoyed about what the ► Never stop trying to win each other over. other does, this can easily turn into abuse. Routines greatly affect couples. Be creative with your relationship.► Affectionate, effective and timely communica- ► Do not idolize each other. Do not develop an tion. This is the underpinning aspect of building image of another person that is not true or think any relationship. Feeling free to be, feel, think, act that by getting married, the bride or the groom and develop with the other and through the will change those behaviors that were problema- other, without losing yourself, is very important. tic when they were dating.► Know how to listen. Because a relationship invol- new meanings to things, unlearning old habits to learn new ones, and having an opportunity to create. “This helps to prevent what is referred to as ‘hidden aggression,’ which comes in the form of expressions that are supposedly made out of love for the other. Because we aren’t as aware of them, they destroy and affect a person’s self- esteem. Things like, ‘You look like you’ve gai- ned a few pounds,’ ‘Your old age is showing, love,’ ‘She’s a bit dull sometimes, but she’s so sweet.’ This is why using our words, bodies and feelings is so important,” states Álvarez. Such hidden aggressions can gain strength over the years, affecting how they live together.” It’s important, stresses Moreno Gómez, that both people realize they are disrespecting each other. “The tricky part is that someti- mes we can treat each other poorly, and not realize it. This can make people feel resentful towards each other. One may say, ‘Hey, you’re shouting at me,’ and the other may respond, ‘That’s how I talk!’ You have to understand that there is something wrong.” By recognizing this, you can find solutions such as seeing a therapist, deciding whether to stay with that person or not, as a partner isn’t something that can resolve another’s problems or fill another person’s voids; they are also not a possession. “If I feel that I don’t want to be with someone, it’s important to say so and not •fake it, because then I not only hurt the other, I hurt myself,” she concludes 13

( )WITH YOUR WORLD AIM FOR BALANCE WITH TECHNOLOGY The excessive use of electronic devices is causing new types of aches and pains that have never before been registered. Know what their warning signs are.14

( )WITH YOUR WORLD keep in mind ADVISOR Neck pain, cracking fingers, watery when patients return for repeated visits DAYRA YOLIMA eyes, and eye strain. Irritability, due to fatigue and exhaustion that is rela- ERAZO ORDÓÑEZ anxiousness, poor sleep and ted to the excessive use of mobile devices.Physiatrist, practitioner at stress. Any of these symptoms (or perhaps She refers to conditions caused by a lack Coomeva Medicina all, but that is unlikely) are warning signs of sleep, the most serious of which are that you may be overusing electronic devi- associated with anxiety and stress, especia- Prepagada ces and that you may have a condition lly among young people who work. that is new or that is becoming more common as a result of them. “There are some patients that, while they may not undergo any physical chan- In November of 2017, the Colombian ges to their ear, they may sense a buzzing Mobile Industry Association (Asomóvil) sound. This is because their lack of res- published a report that surveyed 1,900 torative sleep causes fatigue and because users from Colombia about their tele- they use telephones for periods longer communication habits. One of the ques- than 20 minutes.” tions they were asked was how many hours a day they spent on their phones: the ans- A recent study published in the jour- wer was an average of 4.3 hours. The nal Applied Ergonomics found that the study’s participants also indicated that they exposure to blue and white light that could not resist checking their cell phones comes from telephones, computers and for longer than an average of 28 minutes. electronic devices at night, prevents the brain from releasing melatonin, a hor- As Dr. Dayra Yolima Erazo Ordóñez mone that tells the body that it is nigh- explains – a specialist in physical medici- ttime. This can delay the time it takes ne, rehabilitation and biological medicine for you to be ready to go to sleep and –patients often come to her with tendini- over time, this can change the body’s tis, “trigger finger” and wrist pain and due biological clock. To prevent this from to excessive cell phone use, causing micro- happening, the recommendation is to traumas in this region of the body. stop using electronic devices one hour before going to bed. DISRUPTED SLEEP The issue that most concerns Dr. Erazo is Co-founder and editor of The Huffington Post and an advocate for 15

WITH YOUR WORLD( )keep in mind MINIMIZE THE RISK OF THE REGULAR USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES 1 1. Keep these devices far from your 2 Try to go hands-free, both vital organs. Avoid keeping it in to protect your hands as your bra (for women) or your pant well as your ears. pockets.getting good sleep, during her Ted Talk,Arianna Huffington recommended leaving 3 Avoid charging your phone in the 4 Try to use the device for periods nodevices into another room and going to bedroom where you sleep. longer than 20 minutes.bed with a physical book. After about 20minutes of reading, this can induce sleep. Stretch your hands, fingers and Aim for balance: takeSTUDIES ARE STILL BEING CONDUCTED 5 arms both before and after 6 active breaks and tryFor those who are concerned about elec-tromagnetic fields and their potential to using these devices. to go for a walk.affect human health from the overuse ofcell phones, it is important to understandthat these are low-power radio-frequencydevices and only radiate energy when theyare turned on. As the World Health Organization(WHO) explains on their website, as thedistance from the device increases, thestrength of the radio-frequency decreases,and therefore the exposure of users to it aswell. Therefore, when sending text messa-ges or checking e-mail, a person that holdsa cell phone at a a distance of between 30and 40 cm from their body is much lessexposed to radio-frequency fields thanthose who bring the device closer to theirface. While there is no conclusive eviden-ce about the effects of radio-frequencyfields, specialists believe that it is impor-tant to take precautions, especially with•children and pregnant woman16

( )WITH YOUR WORLD 17

( )WITH YOUR WORLD FOCUS ON UV RADIATIONSunlight is the greatest source of UV radiation and the main( )cause of skin disease. ADVISOR GLORIA MARÍA MURCILLO CADENA Dermatologist, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada You can learn more about UV radiation at revistasaludcoomeva.com18

( )WITH YOUR WORLDEven if the sky is cloudy, the sun is always out; and with the rays is what causes skin conditions and damages the DNA of cells; sun comes ultraviolet radiation, known as UV radiation. this often leads to skin cancer or premature aging. The first war- Prevention is therefore the same as when the sky is clear: use ning signs are freckles, followed by scaly skin lesions such as redsunblock, hats, an umbrella or long-sleeve shirt and pants when spots that do not heal, that bleed, ulcer or do not improve. It isthe weather calls for it. “People believe that if it is cloudy out, they also important to be aware of any changes in moles.are not being exposed to the sun, but that isn’t true because UVrays can go through the clouds. UV light bounces and reflects off “The damaging effects of the sun come from the accumula-at a rate of 80% in the snow, 25% in the water, and 15% in the tion of several years. We get the most exposure when we aresand, pavement and grass,” states dermatologist Gloria María under age 18 due to the activities we do outdoors,” she adds.Murchillo Cadena. The intense and prolonged exposure to these •Instilling self-care habits in children will influence their actions that, in turn, will impact their quality of life as an adultMAIN UV RAYS 95 %► UV-A: These rays penetrate more layers of skin OF THE SUN’S RAYS THAT A that others, giving it pigmentation, damaging DNA PERSON RECEIVES ARE UV-A. and contributing to the onset of skin cancer. THE OTHER 5% ARE UV-B.► UV-B: They cause sunburns and affect the more superficial layers of the skin.► UV-C: While they have more energy than other types of rays, they remain in the ozone layer.THE CURE IS IN PREVENTION 50Some of the common risk factors for developing skin YEARS AND OLDER IScancer include: having light skin, getting sunburned as THE AGE IN WHICH THEa child, getting sunburned frequently as an adult,spending a lot of time in the sun, using tanning beds RISK OF HAVING SKINand having more than 50 moles. UV rays also increa- CANCER IS GREATER.se the risk of cataracts and other eye problems,which is why using dark sunglasses with sun protec- SUN FOR YOUR WELLBEINGtion is suggested. ► Getting a limited amount of sun is good 10:00 for your health as it stimulates the produc- tion of vitamin D3, which benefits the A.M. TO 4:00 P.M. IS THE TIME growth and development of bones. WHEN UV RAYS ARE THE ► It also helps people to feel better by STRONGEST. THE SUGGESTION increasing their sense of wellbeing and IS TO AVOID THE INTENSE SUN helping them get better sleep. EXPOSURE DURING THIS PERIOD OF TIME. 19

( )WITH YOUR WORLD LEARNING TO Children’s books often include sto-TELL THE TRUTH: ries that teach children not to lie such as Pinocchio, whose nose TEACHING BY EXAMPLE grows longer every time he lies, or The Boy Who Cried Wolf, who nobody believed Teaching children to be once he told the truth after he lied so sincere prepares them for much, which is why the sheep end up getting eaten by the wolf. In light of this, better relationships. parents are encouraged to teach their chil- dren and instill them with the truth. By rea- ADVISOR ding to them, telling them these fables and ROSA GUEVARA QUINTERO talking and reflecting together about this issue, this will leave an impact them when Psychotherapist, practitioner they become teens and adults. atCoomeva Medicina Prepagada Between ages three and four, children are unable to distinguish between what is real and what is imaginary, and they often tell make-believe stories. As psychotherapist Rosa Guevara Quintero states, “These types of lies are normal because they are part of their imagination.” Keep in mind, however, that these stories become less frequent as children grow older. It is therefore impor- tant for parents not to encourage them when they lie; instead, just listen and make sure they know the difference between fic- tion and reality, make them know that you can be trusted and as a parental authority figure, and establish a friendly relationship. FOLLOW-UP When they turn seven, they begin to develop logical thought and learn to differentiate bet- ween the truth and a lie. For Dr. Guevara, “When children communicate persistently with lies, they may have a behavior problem that can affect their social skills.” Parents should acknowledge when they lie, support their child by showing them what is correct and help them modify their behavior. The following are some signs that they are not being honest about something: repetitive movements, perspiration, turning red in the face, a change in how they talk, avoiding eye contact and avoidant or elusive behavior . It is essential for children to be raised in accepting and peaceful environments, •where they are not repressed or living in fear, as this can foster the habit of lying20

( )WITH YOUR WORLD little giants(In over 50% of all children, over-disciplining them leads to behaviors where children lie.WHY DO THEY LIE?► They are frustrated. They may feel frus- ► To have privacy. This happens when a way to solve problems. trated for not having enough toys, so they child feels they cannot trust someone. ► To get what they want, to get lie when they are told they have a lot. Adults must therefore provide the oppor- tunity for the child to be heard and something they are not allowed to► To get attention. To do this, they may pre- understood, not judged. have or to avoid what they do not tend they are in pain or have a problem want. They must learn that they can’t ► To hide their mistakes so as not to have or do everything they want, and► Too much is being demanded of them. disappoint their parents or avoid that there is no excuse to use deceit They lie to not disappoint their parents. being made fun of. The child must to get what they want. learn that mistakes are part of life and ► To explain why they didn’t follow► To imitate others. They learn by example. help you learn. through with a promise. It’s important► To avoid problems and punishments. to teach them to commit only to what► To get approval and feel accepted by ► To make another person feel bad. They they are able to do. may make up a story that negatively ► Because they struggle with accepting others. affects the people they hurt. Parents reality. In this case, they lie as a way out.► To protect someone else. Teach them must teach them that revenge is not a that each individual is responsible for what they do and say.PARENTS, GET PARENTING!► Explain how their lie affects others. promises or tell them lies.► Punishments should be measurable ► Give them the opportunity to and appropriate for each mistake be sincere even if this involves a they make. If they are too severe, punishment. Reinforce the idea they may be tempted to not tell the that it takes bravery to tell truth in order to avoid a potentially the truth. more serious mistake. ► Never laugh or show admiration► Reinforce their self-esteem to when they lie. prevent them from lying to seek ► When you don’t know how to ans- the approval of their peers, wer their questions, don’t friends or adults. be afraid to tell them► Do not lie to them, make empty you don’t know.

WITH YYOOUURR WWOORRLLDD( )go naturalAVOCADOS: 20RICH IN NUTRIENTS VITAMINS AND MINERALS: THAT IS HOW MUCH THIS NUTRIENT-RICH FRUIT CONTAINS.Avocadoes contain healthy fat, and aregood for the vascular system and thehealthy functioning of the heart.Avocadoes have a smooth, neu- ADVISOR tral flavor, and a soft and SANDRA MILENA creamy texture; making them RAMÍREZ CARDONAa highly sought-after food that can be Nutritionisteaten with an endless combinationof other foods. They can be eatenanytime during the day: at breakfastwith an arepa, at lunch with beans orsoup, or as a snack as guacamole withchips or toast. Avocadoes provide vitamins thatare good for the retina, provideantioxidants, help the blood to clotand reduce the risk of certain typesof cancer. As nutritionist and dieticianSandra Milena Ramírez Cardonaaffirms, “It is important to eat avo-cadoes along with a balanced dietthat contain all six food groups:whole grains, root vegetables, fruits,vegetables, dairy products and pro-teins. Also, include polyunsaturatedfats (such as salmon), reduce yoursugar consumption, drink waterand do exercise.” As a source of healthy fat, Ramírezrecommends eating a daily portionof 30 grams of avocado (about 1/8 ofa larger avocado or half of a hass avo-•cado). Learn more about why toinclude it in your diet22

PROTECT YOURSELF ( )WITH YOUR WORLDFROM CHOLESTEROL 23The high amount of monounsaturated fat in avocadoeshelps contribute to reducing LDL cholesterol (bad cho-lesterol). This also increases HDL cholesterol (good cho-lesterol) and lowers the amount of triglycerides in theblood, benefiting the vascular system, the heart andreducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Avocadoesalso have anti-inflammatory properties and are conside-red a good substitute for butter and mayonnaise.FIBER CONTENTAvocadoes are 25% soluble fiber and 75% insoluble fiber, bothof which are good for your health, digestion and disease-pre-vention. Soluble fiber helps contribute to healthy cholesterollevels and keeps blood sugar levels low, while insoluble fiberimproves digestion, which helps prevent and manage constipa-tion, and reduces the risk of colon disease.3 WAYS OF PREPARINGAVOCADOES ► Stuffed avocado: In a bowl, mix together a small can of drained tuna, a tablespoon of mayonnaise, a tablespoon of cilantro, the juice of half a lime, salt and a mashed avo- cado. Put this mix inside the avoca- do peel and garnish with diced tomatoes. Serve with bread. ► As a topping: Something as simple as mashing an avocado together with salt can become a great ham- burger topping. ► Mashed potatoes: Replace any cheese or the butter in mashed potatoes with a ripe avocado and a tablespoon of olive oil. Mix together and serve!

( )CON TU MUNDO Los hábitos de vida que llevas definen tu salud Aunque tengas predisposición genética a ciertas enfermedades, puedes prevenirlas y reducir su riesgo siguiendo hábitos saludables. Por eso, es importante Realiza el test Mi Historia Cuidarte es evaluar tu estilo de vida Quererte y descubre cómo estás en: para que sepas lo que Alimentación. debes mejorar. Bienestar mental. Autocuidado. Ingresa a: www.mihistoriacuidarteesquerertecoomeva.com24

( )CON TU MENTE )WITH YOUR MIND 4,3 BOOKS ARE THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF BOOKS COLOMBIANS READ IN 2016, ACCORDING TO THE CULTURAL PRACTICES SURVEY CONDUCTED BY COLOMBIA’S NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS (DANE).BESIDES BEING AN EXCELLENT WAY TO RELAX, READING IS GOOD FOR YOUR MENTAL HEALTH, KEEPS YOURBRAIN ACTIVE AND IMPROVES YOUR CONCENTRATION.MAKES YOU CALM PREVENTS DISEASE STIMULATES YOUR SENSESPeople who read put their concentra- Strengthens neural connections and Reading activates differenttion to use and are not distracted: this acts as a barrier to the symptoms of regions of the brain. Poetry, forrelieves muscle tension and any strain neurodegenerative diseases, example, activates our senseon the heart. especially Alzheimer’s. of perception and musicality. 25

( )CON TU MENTE SEXUALIDAD: UNA CONVERSACIÓN QUE NO DEBE ESPERAR SEXUALITY: A CONVERSATION THAT SHOULDN’T WAIT26

( )CON TU MENTEAbordar la sexualidad sin misterio por parte de lospadres y el entorno familiar, ayudará a que los niños puedan relacionarse mejor a lo largo de sus vidas. When it comes to addressing sexuality as a parent and in a family environment, being straightforward will help improve the relationships children have throughout their lives. ASESORA ADVISOR GLORIA HURTADO CASTAÑEDA GLORIA HURTADO CASTAÑEDA Psicóloga y experta en sexualidad, adscrita a Psychologist and expert on sexuality, at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada Coomeva Medicina Prepagada After a long trip of carrying their littleLuego del largo viaje que una cigüeña package wrapped in a cloth from hal- emprendía con un encargo que trans- fway across the world, storks would portaba en su pico desde París, el animal deliver babies hanging from their beaks to theabandonaba de repente a un pequeño ser en window or door of a home. More commonlyla ventana o en el portón de una casa. Esa his- heard of in movies or in other cultures, thistoria, que está mejor recreada en las películas story was used to explain to children whereo en otras culturas, se usaba para explicarles a babies come from. In our culture, however,los hijos de dónde venían los bebés. this myth isn’t as widespread, and the actual information on sexuality that our grandpa- Pero la realidad señala que en nuestra cul- rents, parents or that we received at home wastura ese mito no se repitió con tanta frecuen- either minimal or nonexistent, as it was limi-cia porque la información explícita que los ted either by cultural taboos or by a lack ofpadres en casa dieron a nuestros abuelos, understanding of how important it is for thesepadres o a nosotros mismos sobre sexualidad issues to be discussed at home.fue poca o nula; limitada por algunos prejui-cios culturales o por la falta de conciencia While this is something we cansobre la importancia de que estos temas se acknowledge, sexuality is an inherent part ofdiscutieran en el hogar. being human. As Gloria Hurtado Castañeda emphasizes, for some parents, it Y sí. Hay que aceptarlo. Aunque la sexuali- can be awkward to talk about this topic withdad es inherente al ser humano, como lo recal- their children, and they may even decideca la psicóloga Gloria Hurtado Castañeda, that it is best to stay quiet.para algunos padres resulta incómodo hablarsobre el asunto con los hijos y prefieren callar. “While it hurts to say it, we have to admit that parents are not good sex educators, as “Con el dolor del alma hay que decir que they are leaving this responsibility to teacherslos padres no son buenos educadores sexuales and schools,” Hurtado points out. With they les están dejando la responsabilidad a los pro- right conversation, and well-guided and accu-fesores en la escuela”, asegura la especialista. rate information, it is not only possible to ans- wer children’s questions at home, but also pre- Sin embargo, el diálogo, la información vent problems from happening that can affectadecuada y orientada en casa puede no solo children’s lives as they become adults.resolver las inquietudes, sino también evitarque se generen problemas que afecten la vidade los niños cuando estos sean adultos. 27

( )CON TU MENTE (“El mejor lugar para educar sobre sexualidad es la casa. Nadie reemplaza la información que, de corazón, se dice en el hogar”, dice Gloria Hurtado Castañeda. ¿CÓMO CONVERSARLO? Antes de aventurarse a revelar lo que el papá o la mamá pueden considerar como los más grandes secretos del origen de la vida, la reproducción y nuestra relación con nuestro cuerpo, la psicóloga Hurtado considera que es primordial que tengan claridad sobre la diferencia de dos concep- tos: la sexualidad y la genitalidad. Este últi- mo, se refiere al aspecto corporal de la sexualidad en razón del sexo, que es solo una parte de la sexualidad. En tanto que el primero, según ella, “está impregnado en la vida familiar y en la vida cotidiana. Así que, queramos o no, siempre estamos edu- cando a los niños en este sentido. Todo el28

( ))CWOITNHTYUOMURENMTINED trendstiempo estamos dándoles indicaciones (“The best place for a child tosobre cómo ser hombres o cómo ser muje- learn about sexuality is at home.res”, destaca. Con base en lo planteado, la Nobody can replace the lessonsmejor forma de educar sobre sexualidad that are taught with love at home,”está en los pequeños detalles de la vida says psychologist Gloria Hurtado.cotidiana. Las actitudes en el hogar y laforma en que se establece el relaciona- BUT HOW CAN YOU TALK ABOUT IT? that children easily pick up on, which ismiento son determinantes para que la Before parents make their best effort to why parents must be careful. For example,definición de la sexualidad del menor se reveal what they may consider as some it’s not healthy to kiss children on the lipsdesarrolle en un ambiente sano. of the biggest secrets about how life or have them get used to being present begins, reproduction and about the during times of intimacy, such as when “La sexualidad está llena de símbolos relationships we have with our bodies, parents engage in their physiologicalque el niño interpreta, por lo que los Hurtado argues that parents must have needs,” Hurtado states. For her, therepadres deben ser cuidadosos. Por ejemplo, a clear understanding about the diffe- should always be boundaries for respec-no es bueno besar a los niños en la boca rence between two concepts: sexuality ting intimacy at home.ni acostumbrarlos a que estén presentes and genitality. Genitality is the termen momentos íntimos, como cuando los used to refer to the physical aspects of Engaging in conversation, a natural partpadres realizan sus necesidades fisiológi- sexuality, or genitalia, which is just one of family life, is the best strategy to facingcas”, explica la especialista, para quien es part of sexuality. Sexuality, on the the questions that children have aboutfundamental que en el manejo de la other hand, “…is an inherent part of their genitalia. The psychologist recom-norma en casa siempre haya límites rela- our daily and family lives. So, whether mends allowing this to happen naturally,cionados con respetar la intimidad. it is intentional or not, we’re always depending on the child’s age. With youn- sending messages to our children about ger children, this can be done through play, El diálogo, que es la mejor estrategia this. We’re always giving them some and depending on the case, specialists canpara encarar las preguntas que los niños type of indication or parameter about help guide older children sort out the diffe-tienen sobre sus aspectos genitales, se da how to be a man or how to be a rent questions they may have.también en la convivencia. La psicología woman,” Hurtado explains.recomienda que este se dé de manera natu- Either way, when it comes to givingral y dependiendo de la edad del menor. With these differences in mind, the children the information they ask for, it isCuando se es más pequeño se puede hacer best way to teach children about sexua- important for parents to agree about howa través del juego y, si es el caso, consultar lity is to focus on the small aspects of to do this and that they never contradicta un especialista que oriente a los mayores our daily lives. The ideas that are esta- each other. Hurtado also emphasizes thatsobre la forma en que se deben abordar las blished at home and how relationships you should always avoid lying to children;diferentes inquietudes. are formed are a fundamental part of so, telling stories about storks or allowing creating a healthy environment where a silence to serve as an approach to tea- De igual forma, es esencial que el child’s sexuality can be defined. ching at home is not the best way to helppadre y la madre se pongan de acuerdo develop a child’s sexuality.sobre el cómo brindar a sus hijos la infor- “Sexuality is loaded with symbolsmación demandada y que nunca se con-tradigan. La psicóloga también recalcaque jamás se puede mentir, así que relatarcuentos sobre cigüeñas o dejar que elsilencio sea el que eduque en cada hogarno es la mejor manera de ayudar al desa-rrollo de la sexualidad de los niños. 29

WITH YOUR MIND INTRODUCING SEXUALITY AS SOMETHING NORMAL( )trends The following are some of the most baby?” “Why do boys have erec-AFRONTAR LA common questions the children tions?” “What is a period?” “HowSEXUALIDAD COMO experience through their different do two people have sex?” andALGO NORMAL stages of growth: “Why do some men prefer men instead of women?”Por etapas de crecimiento, estas podrían Pre-school age: “How did I get in ► Between ages 5 and 7, childrenser las preguntas más comunes de los niños: your belly?” “How did I get out?” “Where do babies come from?” and learn more about interpersonalEn edad preescolar: “¿Cómo llegué a tu barri- “Why do girls not have penises?” relationships and becomega?”, ¿dónde estaba yo antes de llegar a tu ► Between 18 months and age 3, curious about what happens inbarriga?”, “¿cómo salí?”, “¿de dónde vienen los the sex lives of an adult. Theirbebés?”, “¿por qué las niñas no tienen pene?”. children begin to learn about questions become more com-► De 18 meses a 3 años de edad. Comienzan their own bodies. It is important plex as they try to understand to teach them the proper names the connection between sexua- a aprender acerca de su propio cuerpo. for each body part. lity and having a baby. Es importante enseñarles los nombres ► Between age 4 and 5, they begin ► Between ages 8 and 9 they most apropiados de cada parte del cuerpo. to show a basic curiosity for likely have a notion of what is right► De 4 a 5 años de edad. Empiezan a mos- sexuality, both their own and that and wrong. They understand that trar interés hacia la sexualidad básica, of the opposite sex. They may sex is something that happens tanto la propia como la del sexo opuesto. touch their genitals and even between two people that love Es posible que se toquen los genitales e show signs they are curious about each other. These can be good incluso tengan interés hacia los genitales the genitals of other children. This opportunities to explain about de otros niños. Estas son señales de un type of curiosity is normal, but it is heterosexual families and homo- interés normal, pero es importante que important for them to learn what sexuality. Also at this time, they go aprendan qué es correcto y qué no, esta- good and bad touches are, and to through a lot of changes that pre- bleciendo límites a la exploración. put limits on their exploration. pare them for puberty.En edad escolar: “¿A qué edad puede una Elementary school age: “How old Source: American Academyniña tener un bebé?”, “¿por qué un niño do girls have to be to have a of Pediatricstiene erecciones?”, “¿qué es la menstrua-ción?”, “¿cómo tienen relaciones sexualesdos personas?”, “¿por qué a algunos hom-bres les gustan los hombres?”► De 5 a 7 años. Aprenden más sobre las relaciones interpersonales y pueden inte- resarse en lo que pasa sexualmente entre los adultos. Sus preguntas se harán más complejas a medida que tratan de enten- der la conexión entre la sexualidad y la gestación de un bebé.► De 8 a 9 años. Ya tienen una noción de lo que es correcto e incorrecto. Entienden que el sexo es algo que ocurre entre dos personas que se aman. Aprovechar estas ocasiones para comentar sobre las familias heterosexuales y abordar la homosexuali- dad. En esta etapa pasan por muchos cam- bios que los preparan para la pubertad.Fuente: Academia Americana de Pediatría.30

( )WITH YOUR MIND 31

( )WITH YOUR MIND WHEN EATING BECOMES A DISORDER The social pressures of modern life There are many types of eating bring new eating habits with them that disorders that affect the health of can cause eating disorders and affect people throughout the world, the most common of which are anorexia the health of young people. and bulimia. Extreme eating habits have a negative effect on people’s ADVISOR JAIME ADAMS DUEÑAS health and have increased and become Psychiatrist, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada more deeply rooted over the last few years as a result of new lifestyles and the demands they bring, often a response to wanting social acceptance. Psychiatrist Jaime Adams Dueñas indi- cates that this trend is due to the ste- reotypes of physical appearance that32

( )WITH YOUR MIND your generationadvertisements create through media eating disorders is to seek medical atten-outlets such as television and internet. He tion. This provides patients with com-also believes that advertisements promote prehensive care with their physician,the notion of an ideal life and wellbeing nutrition specialists, psychologists andin a way that does not represent reality, psychiatrists, who can all help the patientharming those who try to adopt these to maintain healthy and enjoyable eatingforms to become beautiful, achieve ever- habits. The list below introduces a fewlasting youth or achieve what is supposed new types of eating disorders.to be “healthy.”DISTORTED IMAGES“The influence these messa-ges have and the idealistictype of people that they dis-play can have a greater effect 1 According to Adams, orthorexia is a 2 Permarexia is the belief that takeson people who are psychologi- condition in which the person is away the ability to enjoy a meal, as obsessed with healthy eating and a every time they eat, they feel like theycally more susceptible to healthy lifestyle, a notion that comes are going to gain weight. As our psy- from the idea of living an eternal life chiatrist states, this obsession mani-suffer from these disorders,” that is sold on advertisements. “They fests in the need to carefully watch are very aware of everything that they and count the calories they eat.the specialist explains. eat and abstain from fats and proteins, “Muscle dysmorphia is another disor- thinking that this is healthier for them. der that happens with people whoChildren and youth tend to This affects them negatively because over-exercise and take supplements these types of foods provide a signifi- and drink water instead of eating heal-be more likely to suffer from cant source of nutrients.” thy,” Adams states.diet-related disorders; however, Drunkorexia occurs when people 4 Last is Avoidant/Restrictive Food (especially teens and youth) drink alco- Intake Disorder (ARFID). While ano-they are also conditions that hol and restrict what they eat to “com- rexia is fueled by a fear of gaining pensate” for the calories they get from weight, ARFID is simply a condition inadults must also deal with. these drinks. Another form of a restric- which the person simply loses an inte- ted diet is potomania, which is the rest in eating.According to Adams, eating trend of drinking more than the daily recommended amount of liquids (4disorders can manifest as a pro- liters) instead of eating solids.blem of consumption (howpeople eat), a problem of quan- 3tity (too much or too littlefood) and by type of food (whatpeople eat).It can be dangerous becauseat first, people may not appearto be sick, and physically theymay look better, however theirpoor nutrition can put theirbody out of balance and evenlead to other diseases such ashypertension and diabetes.Adams therefore recommends (Eating disorders can vary depending on how, how muchknowing what the warning signs are and and what type of food is consumed. It is important to observe people carefully inwith children and youth, parents should order to detect any unusual behavior.learn to detect any unusual behaviors.“The only healthy diet is one that isbalanced; one where you do not eat inexcess and that is paired with moderatephysical activity,” states the psychiatrist.The general recommendation with 33

WITH YOUR MIND ACCEPT THE PROBLEM( )your generation There can be several stages to trea-(Women are more ting eating disorders; they can requi- likely to have eating disorders, re comprehensive care, depending which tend to come with depres- on the patient’s condition. sion, anxiety and drug abuse. “The most important thing is for people to accept they have a pro-HOW TO PREVENT THEM blem with their diet, because peop- le often use defense mechanismsWhile new eating patterns can affect how people and false justifications to not haveeat, there are ways of avoiding them or treating to accept the problem,” statesthem on time when they do arise. Our psychiatrist Adams. For him, family also plays anoffers the following recommendations to keep in essential role, as they can someti-mind both for adults and for people who take care mes worsen the problem withoutof children and teens: realizing it when, for example, they► Pay attention to mood. make comments about the physical► Do moderate exercise without having a goal of •appearance of the person who has looking like the models on advertisements. Do it for your health. an eating disorder► Do not overeat and try to have a balanced diet (the World Health Organization recommends eating five servings of 400 mg of fruit and vegeta- bles a day, as well as limiting fat consumption to 30% of your daily caloric intake).► Analyze and check what your relationship is with food.► Don’t believe everything on the internet. Seek out information in scientific or health journals.34

( )WITH YOUR MIND together Stress is a reaction of the body and mind to a stimulus: a threat, challenge, situation or thought. COPING 23 %An unpleasant situation, a heavy worklo- OF COLUMBIA’S POPU- ad or the death of a loved one can LATION SUFFERS trigger acute (short-term) or chronic FROM STRESS, ACCOR- DING TO A MENTAL emotional stress. Both forms have long- HEALTH STUDY CON- term consequences and involve increa- DUCTED BY THE sed cardiovascular risk. Takotsubo syn- MINISTRY OF HEALTH. drome, for example, is a temporary KEUENPDINERGCSOTRNETSRSOLKTHNEOWRISKSacute stress condition. This sort of heart failure is similar to the symptoms of a heart attack, but it can regulate over a few days with proper medical treat- ment. People who experience more stress tend to develop hyperten- sion, diabetes and obesity.A NEW MINDSET 2020 When a person is under some sort of tension, stress hormones areBeginning an exercise routine, WILL BE THE YEAR IN released that cause physical andtaking dance classes, watching a WHICH STRESS-INDU- physiological changes over time suchmovie, reading, maintaining good CED DEPRESSION WILL as muscle rigidity, high blood pressu-sleep hygiene and having a balan- BE THE MAIN DISEASE IN re and oxidative stress. This makesced diet are all ways to prevent THE WORLD, ACCOR- the heart work harder and accelera-stress from affecting your health; tes the development of atheroscle-allowing for a healthy heart, one of DING TO THE WHO. rosis. Therefore, too much raisesthe body’s most vital organs. When the risk of having cardiovascu-this feeling cannot be controlled on lar diseases.its own, however, it is important toseek help to find other ways of ADVISORaddressing it. SEBASTIÁN NARANJO RESTREPO Cardiologist, Universidad CES 35

WCOITNH TYUOUMREMNTINED( ))little giantsKEEPING CHILDREN AND THEIRATTENTIONSPANS IN CHECKWhile it can be normal for children to be distracted or notpay attention to certain activities sometimes, when thisbehavior turns into a pattern, they should be seen by a doctor. ADVISOR For children under age 7, temporary ceable lack of attention, they have difficul- JUAN FERNANDO distractions are normal. Due to ty focusing on different activities, or they MUÑOZ MARTÍNEZ their cognitive development, they are hyperactive or impulsive. Psychiatrist and Neuropsychologist can struggle with focusing on certain tasks; however, specific warning signs As Dr. Muñoz explains, this disorder is may indicate that this behavior is a progressive neurological problem that something more serious. When there are starts in the mother’s womb and mani- changes or shifts in their attention, they fests in different ways when the child may be experiencing symptoms of a defi- starts school or transitions to first grade, cit of attention, “Generally, this condi- between ages six and seven. This condi- tion does not affect their academic per- tion occurs in 8 out of every 100 children. formance or their ability to do housework independently at home, but COMMON SIGNS it may become necessary to monitor this In general, attention deficit appears in behavior to determine whether children who: have difficulties controlling everything is under control or if an their motor activities (such as remaining intervention is needed,” suggests child seated in situations where this is obliga- psychiatrist and neuropsychologist Juan tory, like in the classroom); interrupt the Fernando Muñoz Ramírez. activities of others; put a lot of pressure on parents when they want something; Another possible diagnosis is attention struggle learning basic concepts at school deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or (reading, writing or math); lack the ability attention deficit disorder (ADD), condi- to do homework independently; or are tions that require special treatment, espe- slow doing activities such as writing, cially when: their behavior shows a noti- getting ready to leave the house, showe- ring, getting dressed or eating. Dr. Muñoz states that ADHD occurs when the child tends to take on a lot of risk when doing something that could hurt themselves, when they ignore the36

30 % ( )CON TU MENTE OF CHILDREN WITH EITHER COMMUNICATION ADHD OR ADD MAY EXPERIEN- BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN CE DIFFICULTIES LEARNING. ► When necessary, parents should stopprecautions of adults, or when they have what they are doing to get their chil-trouble interacting with their peers and dren’s attention.are hypersensitive to anything that trou-bles them, engage in frequent arguments, ► Call the child by name.or are not being able to be flexible when ► Maintain eye contact and ask the child toit comes to something they want. repeat or explain what was told to them toTAKE ACTION make sure it was heard and understood.In conclusion, if it is suspected that a ► If the child interrupts, talk in short sentences sochild suffers from being easily distracted that he or she focuses only on what needs to be said.or has ADD or ADHD – and after consi- ► Do not interrupt the child frequently, as he or she may notdering their intellectual capacity, verbal be able to stay interested in the conversation.and manual skills, the time it takes them ► If the child’s attention is diverted, touch their arm, holdto process, and their memory and atten- hands or resort to another form of physical contact.tion span – they may need treatment with ► Include words such as “consequence,” “reward,” or “positi-sessions that involve holding conversa- ve and negative behavior” in family conversations; thistions between parents and the child. helps make for clear communication. ► Also try using other phrases such as “time out” instead of An estimated 50% of cases persist “go to your room.”throughout adulthood; and while thesesymptoms are almost the same, making a 37diagnosis becomes more complicatedbecause symptoms can be mistaken forthose of substance abuse or mental ill-nesses, such as anxiety or mood disorders. It may therefore be necessary to see a spe-cialist to reach a proper diagnosis. This canhelp avoid negatively affecting the patient’squality of life over time due to concentra-•tion and organizational problems

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( )CON TU MENTE 41

WITH YOUR MIND( )harmony in healthTIPS FOR REACHING A LONG-TERM GOAL► Make a timeline. When people can visua- period of time or, at the other extreme, borate, identify tasks and follow through lize their goal in stages, they will be able they extend their deadlines and fall into with them. to focus better on them. By reaching becoming lazy and unmotivated. ► Find strategies that help you continue. small goals every day or every week, this ► Beware of anticipatory anxiety. As psy- To achieve something, states psychologist will help you get what you want. Also, if chiatrist Jorge Julián Calle Bernal Gladys Villegast, it is important to name it necessary, set work schedules. explains, “Many people are so anxious and believe in it. The recommendation for that they start worrying about what they this is to make a plan, keep your timeline► Make sure your daily actions are fully don’t need to worry about yet. By setting close by, visualize your goal every day aligned with your purpose. Ask yourself: a good timeline and sticking with it, we no (either through writing or by posting ima- do I need help? If I want to improve my longer have to think about our goal as ges), repeat positive phrases such as “Yes, finances, should I seek advice for that? Be something catastrophic. Thinking about I can,” or “I have the ability to do this,” consistent with your goal: for example, if what could go wrong leads us to avoidant seek out help by listening to motivational you want to pay off a loan in less time, behaviors, which make us give up.” audio books or reading regular books, avoid any unnecessary spending. ► Work as a team or alone. Making this and seek out the support of people that decision is important, as long-term goals can leave you with advice and encourage► Set feasible goals. This is about being require having good teams that can colla- you when you are feeling weak realistic, as people often establish very ambitious objectives in a very short42

( )WITH YOUR MIND 43

WITH YOUR MIND( )gamesCRUCIGRAMA SUDOKU A B C D E FG H I J K L Nivel fácil 1 Nivel medio 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910111213HORIZONTALES VERTICALES SOLUCIONES1. De esta acción depende, en gran parte, A. Se unta en el rostro, por ejemplo, para Horizontales lograr metas a largo plazo. prevenir patologías causadas por la Persistencia-Re-Al-Ginecólogo-Tao-OO- radiación UV. Dueña y señora. Anon-Estrés-CIII-Arcada-Conflictos-Oros-2. Nota musical. Contracción gramatical. Cálculos-Om-Aguacate-Apía-Ac-Aser-3. Informarse es uno de los propósitos del B. Doble abierta. De este modo. Mentiras-Ero-Anión-Serrón Abierto, en inglés. primer encuentro con este especialista. Verticales4. Base del taoísmo. Ceros de cien. Fruta. C. De los godos. Prefijo pequeño. Protector-Ama-Re-Así-Open-Gótico-5. Un problema familiar o laboral D. Arroyo. Amarro. Mini-Rio-Ato-Ion-Nuca-In-Eos-Agar-Tico- E. Átomo. Cogote. Estar a la moda. Al-Lucas-Arisca-Se-Nala-CC-Uca-Clon- lo puede desencadenar. F. Eterna enamorada. Madre de Ismael. At-Láser-Gordo-Otero-Alon-As-Serón6. Ciento tres romanos. Espasmo del G. Natural de Costa Rica. Aluminio. Nivel medio Nivel fácil estómago que provoca el vómito. Uno de los evangelistas.7. Una relación de pareja sana no está H. Huraña, intratable. Conozco. I. Esposo de Damayanti. libre de este tipo de situaciones.8. Palo de la baraja. Consonante doble. Crustáceo.9. Presencia de calcificación en las vías urinarias. J. Payaso. Antiguo Testamento.10. El amén sánscrito. Tiene un sabor suave y Fuente luminosa. neutro, y una consistencia blanda y cremosa. K. Obeso. Cerro aislado que domina un llano.11. Municipio de Risaralda. L. Sombrero de ala grande. Carta de la Antes de Cristo. Rabino de Babilonia. baraja. Sera grande, alargada y poco ancha,12. Es normal que entre los 3 y 4 años en general sin asas, que sirve para llevar la carga en una caballería. los niños las expresen. Tablar de huerta.13. Ion con carga negativa. Tronzador.44

( )CON TU CUERPO)WITH YOUR BODY400 mg OF MAGNESIUM IS THE DAILYRECOMMENDED AMOUNT FOR ADULT MEN. FOR WOMEN, IT IS 310 MG. MAGNESIUM IMPROVES CALCIUM ABSORPTION AND IS AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT FOR PEOPLE WHO EXER- CISE REGULARLY. BENEFITS FROM INCLUDING IT IN YOUR DIET Including this nutrient in your daily diet can help prevent problems such as cramping, contractures, tingling, numbness and trembling. HEART HEALTH Magnesium also regulates abnormal heartbeats and prevents high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for other diseases. SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM Low levels of magnesium can be found in foods such as lentils, dark leafy greens and in fruits such as bananas and avocadoes. 45

( )WITH YOUR BODY For young women or teens, their first visit with their gynecologist should be an opportunity to answer any questions they may have about how their bodies work and their sexual and reproductive health. FOR A HELPFUL AND INFORMATIVE FIRST APPOINTMENT46

ADVISOR (( )WCIOTHNYTOUUCRUBEORPDOY LINA MARÍA CONGOTE para ellas OBGYN, Child and Youth Specialist 47The three main objectives of an initial visit with a gynecologist is to inform, prevent and educate as well as provide any necessary treatment.Ideally, this initial appointment should be for girls bet-ween ages 11 and 15, preferably before they get theirfirst period, or if the parents or the pediatrician noti-ces any abnormalities. An initial appointment with a gynecologist can beanxiety-inducing or nerve-wracking for the girl or teen;however, this visit is helpful to ask question about thechanges and needs that she begins to experience withthe onset of puberty; questions that she may beuncomfortable or scared about sharing with herparent or guardian. “This phase marks a passage from childhood toadolescence. It is a time of tremendous growth, but itis also a period of risk, where social contexts cangreatly influence her. Many youth experience peerpressure to drink alcohol, consume psychoactive subs-tances and have sex, resulting in unwanted pregnan-cies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),” statesLina María Congote, OBGYN and child and teen spe-cialist. Congote works at the Valle del Lili Foundationin Cali, Colombia.ESTABLISHING A RELATIONSHIPFor Congote, providing specific and confidential ans-wers to any questions about changes in the body, howthe body works, prevention, sexual and reproductivehealth, and different birth control methods can be cri-tical for future decisions about dealing with an adultsex life maturely. “Teens do not access counseling andhealthcare services easily, which is why it is importantto give them options that allow them to ask for guidan-ce and connect them with specific programs, depen-ding on their needs. The idea of this initial appoint-ment is to provide them with support as they maturesexually and learn about their menstrual cycle, and toengage them in the topic of sexuality and birth controlin the future. This is about fostering a physician-patient relationship and for her to understand thatthese appointments should be made regularlythroughout her life,” she adds. Congote provides a fewtips about seeing a gynecologist for the first time.

WITH YYOOUURRBBOODDYY( )for herFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS1 What do you talk about with a gyne- 2 Should parents go? The patient can go 3. What is included in a physical exam? cologist? The first visit is mostly for by themselves or with their parents. The the doctor to get to know the patient, gynecologist must protect their patient’s 3 Generally, this involves weighing the patient, establish a medical record specific to right to confidentiality; however, if the gynecological health and to determi- gynecologist notices that the patient is and taking their height and blood pressure. ne what steps should follow. Testing at risk of something, they are required to A breast exam should go along with their may be conducted if the teen has share this information. Their priority is to annual exam when the mammary glands are already had sexual intercourse or has ensure that their patient is informed and in optimal condition. A pelvic exam has menstrual problems, pain, or symp- participates in making decisions within three parts to it: an inspection of the vulva toms of infection. the options available to them. or the external part of the genitals, an analysis of the vagina with a speculum and a physical exam of the internal organs.4 4. What can you talk about? This 5. What role do mothers KEEP IN MIND appointment is important to learn about the vaccines that should be 5 have? When mothers ► Breast development begins at administered and to discuss the rights about age 10 and a half. With teens have over their sexual and have a trusting rela- some girls, however, this reproductive health in regard to prac- tionship with their daugh- begins up to one year before ticing an unrestrictive, satisfying, res- ters, this is generally con- or after this age. ponsible and healthy sexuality and to preventing pregnancy. •ducive to initiating this ► A girl’s first menstrual period, or menarche, happens at process. It is important about 12 years and 7 months on average. 3 MONTHS AFTER AN INITIAL APPOINTMENT, IS WHEN THE FOLLOW-UP APPOINTMENT SHOULD BE HELD.

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( )WITH YOUR BODYWISDOM TEETH:NOT AS HELPFUL AS THEY SOUND Given their location and because they Also known as “third molars,” wis- are the last to erupt, there is often not dom teeth are often a point of con- enough space in the mouth for wisdom cern for many patients when it teeth, which is why extraction is often comes time to consider extracting them. Despite this being a common practice, the first treatment option. currently, some researchers and clinics agree that wisdom teeth are becoming less ADVISOR common among younger generations. CLARA ISABEL BORRERO GUTIÉRREZ Dentist, practitioner at Coomeva Medicina Prepagada According to Dr. Clara Isabel Borrero Gutiérrez, wisdom teeth generally appear between ages 18 and 25. Perhaps this is why they are known as “wisdom teeth,” as this is also a period of entering into adulthood. While their function is to chew and grind food, with the changes of a modern diet, their role is modifying. As Dr. Borrero states, previously, humans used to50