Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed 1 SummaParrieapshroasfePofotheemposems (1) The Rain by W.H. Davies The poet hears the noise of the rain on leaves of trees. The leaves on top are fully drenched with water, and water falls drop after drop creating a musical sound. But this water creates disturbance for the poor taking shelter under the tree. They have to suffer wet cold weather. When the Sun appears after the rain, the streamers of its light brighten the rain drops and lend them different colours. The poet is hopeful to see everyone enjoying the lovely sunshine after the stopping of the rain. (2) Night Mail by W.H.Auden The poet describes the journey of a railway coach that travels the whole night to convey the mail. It brings letters, postal orders and cheques for the rich and the poor, male and female. Sometimes its way is steep upward and sometimes it travels through plain fields. Whatever the railway track is steep or descent it reaches on time. Producing clouds of smoke and thundering noise, it passes by different types of landscape, grassland, cotton fields and plains. The birds stare at its blank carriages from their nests when it passes by them but the sheep dogs continue their sleep without bothering about it. When it passes by a farmhouse, no one wakes because of its noise only the utensils shake. (3) LOVELIEST OF TREES, THE CHERRY NOW By A.E. Housman Cherry, the loveliest of the trees is now in full bloom and its branches, laden with flowers, are bending down. It is along with the path in the wood and covered in snow all over. It lookes as if it were dressed white for celebrating Easter. Out of the seventy years of the poet’s life, the first twenty years will not come again. The rest of his life of fifty years he claims to have enjoyed the beauty of cherry blossom in fifty springs. This time of just fifty years is not sufficient to enjoy the beauty of nature. So, the poet decides to miss no chance to go to the woodland to see the exotic beauty of the cherry tree covered with snow all over. (4) O WHERE ARE YOU GOING by Anonymous The Reader asked the Rider about his destination. He threats him that the valley is full of fatal dangers and there are heaps of rubbish giving out bad smell. The whole valley is like a grave. He further threats that the path chosen by the Rider is very hard, tortuous and slow. There are hard stones and various hurdles. The Reader also mentions the supernatural horrible creatures to discourage the Rider. He says that invisible forces will attack you from behind. And you will suffer strange painful diseases. The Rider answers courageously that glory and success always wait for the courageous one and can not be achieved without endurance, determination and steadfastness.
Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed 2 (5) IN THE STREETS OF FRUIT STALLS by Jan Stalworthy It is evening time and the atmosphere is wet and dark. In the street of fruit stalls different fruits are piled up in a conical form. The fruit glow in the light of the lantern red and gold like bombs. Poor children come there holding their coins in their hands. They look at the fruit and their mouths become full of water. They pick up a fruit and break it open. Juice comes out and pours into their mouths and also sticks to their fingers and cheeks. They become so absorbed in the enjoyment that they forget the horrible surroundings which are a constant cause of the Poet’s anxiety. (6) SINDHI WOMEN by Jan Stalworthy A Sindhi woman is going through the bazaar bare footed. She is walking with a beautiful gait and a peculiar rhythm is felt in her graceful movement. Her body swings harmonically and her dress flutters beautifully. She is carrying a stone jar on her head. She walks as smoothly as the wave of a stream. Though her path is littered with stones, garbage, pieces of bread and broken glass, yet she is walking unbent and straight. This is the scene of a Karachi slum. The poet looks at his own bent body and understands that only those who bear the burden of life and go through the hardships of life remain straight and strong. (7) TIMES by Ecclesiastes Everything is bound to its season. And everything under the sky has its peculiar time. There is a proper time for birth and death. For planting a tree there is proper time and for harvesting again time is very much important. Time is again important to decide when to demolish and when to build. For merry making and for feeling grieved there is proper time. Time has also a role to throw the stones or gather them. Proper time is also allocated for love and hate. It is necessary to follow the time schedule for getting or losing something, keeping something or casting it away, sewing some thing or rending any thing. Time also plays very important role to decide the time of silence or the time of speaking. (8) OZYMANDIAS by P.B.Shelley The poet meets a traveler from an olden country. The traveler tells him that he saw tow huge, trunk less legs made of stone in the desert. Near these legs there he also saw the broken body of a man half sunk in the sand. The features of the dead face tell that he was very proud and contemptuous of others. The sculptor has artistically recreated these impressions in the face of stone. One could feel that he must be proud and heartless in his life. At the bottom of the column it was inscribed, “ My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my works, ye mighty and despair!” There remained nothing in the desert except the broken statue. (9) THE FEED by Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi The mother sparrow has come to feed the young ones holding a grain of cereal. The young ones are tiny and small. When they cry it seems as if there were only beaks from head to toe. There is only one grain to feed the ten. Now it is a question to select the recipient of the feed from the ten as to whom she should provide solace. She also realizes that her young ones now have become a little big and they have learnt to weep and complain. So she tries to break and split the grain. She also seems satisfied to see her young ones have learnt to lead life and now she is ready to put the burden of life on their own shoulders.
Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed 3 (10) THE HOLLOW MEN by T.S.Eliot We are worthless men. We are stuffed like statues. We try to rest upon each other. But there is no wisdom in our minds. Alas! We can convey nothing though we speak a lot. Our words are as meaning less as the sounds made by dry grass or sounds of rats in a cellar bin. Our appearance is mere appearance as any shadow without colour. Our gestures are like paralyzed without any warmth or emotion. We seem strong but infact we are too weak to be called alive. The people who have passed away consider us without bothering about our frustration, only as hollow walking souls. We are nothing but stuffed statues. (11) LEISURE by W.H.Davies The poet asks the meaning of this busy and bore life if there is no time for us to enjoy the beauty spread all around. We have no time to stand under the trees and enjoy their restful shade. We have less time than cattle to look around. We are so preoccupied that we cannot enjoy the beautiful scene of streams that twinkle like starry night in the sunshine. We cannot turn our eyes to the natural beauty spread all around us dancing and smiling. Her smile can be a source of solace for us but we are sick hurried and are deprived of all these blessings. In the light of all our busy and materialistic approach to life, our life is a poor life despite having all the modern facilities. (12) RUBA’IYAT by Allama Muhammad Iqbal Strong faith like Hazrat Abraham is required these days. The faith means having self-honour and full trust in God. Modern age is the age of fascination. This fascination has captivated the Muslims. Try to understand that having no faith is worse than slavery. Modern music mania has mutilated the faith of the Muslims. The harmony of a nation depends on strong faith, while European civilization is devoid of spiritual faith. They have no proper spiritual destination. The Muslims have lost their religious fanaticism. Their blood has lost warmth of faith and runs cold in their veins. Their ranks are not uniform, their hearts are confused and their prayers are ineffective. They have only apparent ideas and feelings. (13) A TALE OF TWO CITIES by Anonymous All the people whether rich or poor were afraid injured and scarred because of a lot of hue and cry, thundering sounds of weapons and army parade. The hills and the buildings were destroyed and there remained no one to help and console the injured. There was total destruction and nothing was left. The rich culture and the beautiful landscapes were destroyed. Everything bore the brunt of lethal weapons. In the moments of fury all the population of two cities was wiped off by atomic explosion. All the glory of their civilization departed with the destruction. All this destruction was caused by a mad and cruel nation that did not care for the human rights and also did not bother about the fatal results of war on humanity only to fulfill their material pursuits.
Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed 4 But the people of these cities are very much brave and courageous as they did not lose heart and suffered the pains patiently. They have risen again in the comity of nations by dint of their will power and bravery. They created a great enthusiasm out of ashes of their lost glory. (14) MY NEIGHBOUR FRIEND BREATHING HIS LAST by Bullah Shah (Translated by A.R.Luther) The poet got frightened on seeing the last moments of his neighbour friend. He left behind all the friends and relative weeping and mourning but no one could help him. Death became the talk of the town. Its bitterness makes the people mournful but is unavoidable. Nothing can be done in this regard Death affect the feelings bitterly and its sight muffles all the worldly pleasures. Man feels himself helpless. Without the love of God everyone is in loss and cannot get any permanent profit. The only profitable thing is the love of God. (15) HE CAME TO KNOW HIMSELF by Sachal Sarmast One who comes to know his own value, as a wonderful creation of Allah Almighty cannot have a view of anything else except Him. Allah has granted mankind the passion of love from heaven in the form of waterfall. In His love Mansur mounted the gallows to get his head cut off. For the love of his beloved, Allah Almighty Yousaf (A.S) went through the bazaars of Egypt to be sold. The poet declares the straightforward truth that a person’s stay on earth is temporary. (16) GOD’S ATTRIBUTES by Jalauddin Rumi (Translated by Dr. Nichalson) Allah Almighty is Seeing to the end to retain a person to commit a sin or to do wrong. Allah Almighty is Hearing to the end to restrict a person to use foul language. Allah Almighty is Knowing to the end to make one afraid of plotting an evil against others. These attributes are not mere vain titles of Allah Almighty as we can call a Negro as Camphor. These are full of meaning. (17) THE DELIGHT SONG by N.Scott Monday The poet feels himself light as a feather, fast as blue horse running in the field and shining as a fish rolling in the water. He also feels himself in good relation with the children as their shadow. He mentions the eagle playing with the air, cluster of bright beads, farthest star, the cold of the dawn, roaring of the rain, glitter on the crust of the snow, long track of the moon in a lake and the flame of the four colours and dream of everything to explain his own feelings.He considers himself alive because he has good relations with the earth, the lords, the beautiful and the fruitful. (18) LOVE – AN ESSENCE OF ALL RELIGIONS by Jalauddin Rumi (Translated by Dr. Nicholson) Love changes the thorns to roses. Bitter vinegar becomes sweet wine because of love. Love makes a throne of the stake (gallows). Because of love misfortune becomes good fortune, burning fire becomes soothing light, hard stone becomes as soft as butter and grief dresses itself as a joy. Love makes the
Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmed 5 beasts harmless. And it changes the sickness into health and wrath into mercy. Love is so powerful that it lends life to the dead and transforms kings into slaves. Love has great power. (19) A MAN OF WORDS AND NOT OF DEEDS by Charles Perrault (Translated by Robert Samber) A man who always talks and boasts, and is not involved in any practical work is like a wild plant that grows in the garden unwontedly. And when it becomes grown up, the garden looks like snow in winter. It gives the garden shape of an idle bird that lacks warmth of life. And when the bird flies it becomes useless as an eagle flying high and providing no benefit to others. Then it roars like a lion at the door in the form of death. The door gives way and the death prevails everywhere as a penknife cutting through somebody’s heart. In this way a man of words becomes a source of death for humanity. (20) IN BROKEN IMAGES by Robert Graves The person who trusts the clear images is quick but becomes dull while other who mistrusts his broken images becomes sharp and intelligent. The person who trusts the clear images does not consider them irrelevant while the other one tries to make them relevant. The former assumes them fact while the later tries to search the fact. The overconfident becomes ambiguous of his own abilities facing the failure while the thoughtful learns out of his failures. The overconfident gets confused because of his insufficient knowledge and the thoughtful gains new understanding working out his confusions.
centre 36 STUDY PAGES Punctuation Uses Examples Fishing is popular in Britain. Capital • for the first letter of a letter sentence Portugal, Africa, Russian, Moslem • for countries, Joanne, John, Dubai, Geneva, nationalities, languages, the World Trade Fair, Jaguar, religions, names of the Internet, Sunday, February, people, places, events, Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. / Dr. / Professor organizations, trademarks, days, months, titles Silence of the Lambs OPEC, AIDS, WWF • for titles of books, films, I’m going for a walk. etc. Marton Rd. / Mrs. White / Dr. Evans • for abbreviations £3.5 million Full stop UK/ • at the end of a sentence http://dictionary.cambridge.org • sometimes after an period US What’s your name? abbreviation Sidney Morgan (1898? – 1972) . • as the decimal point in was little known until after his death. figures and amounts of I can’t believe it! money. This is usually Ouch! Yes! read out as ‘point’ • to separate parts of email Bang! and web addresses. This I need peas, butter, sugar and is read out as ‘dot’ eggs. They didn’t want to eat before Question • after a direct question I’d arrived, but I was an hour late. mark • to show doubt Lucy, who I told you about before, will be coming. ? You do love me, don’t you? Exclamation • at the end of a sentence mark in order to show surprise/ shock, etc. ! • to indicate a loud sound Comma • between items in a list , • to show a pause in a long sentence • when you want to add extra information • before tag questions
STUDY PAGES centre 37 Uses Examples Apostrophe • for missing letters I’ll (I will), it’s (it is), don’t (do not) • for possessives Noah’s bike , Note: 1. words ending in ‘s’ don’t James’ house colon need another ‘s’ added It’s raining. : 2. it’s can only be an Paris never loses its charm. semi-colon abbreviation for it is or it has. There is no apostrophe ; in the possessive form. hyphen • to introduce a list or a You need the following: paint, quotation in a sentence brushes, water, cloths. - Dear Customer: • in the US following the Dear Mr Stein: dash greeting in a business letter – • to separate two parts of I spoke to Linda on Monday; quotation a sentence she can’t come to the meeting marks/ tomorrow. UK also inverted • to join two words blue-black commas together Everyone in the room was ‘’ • to show that a word has struck by his air of sadness. “” been divided and continues on the next line • to separate parts of The car – the one with the sentences broken window – was parked outside our house. • to mean to The London – Edinburgh train leaves every morning at eight. • to show that words are ‘I’m tired,’ she said. spoken “Let’s go,” he suggested. She had described the school • to show that someone else as ‘not attracting the best originally wrote the words pupils’. Note: Single quotation marks are more usual in UK English, and double quotation marks are more usual in US English.
POEMS NOTES COMPLETE QUESTION/ ANSWERS
1st Year Pairs of Words 1. Accede He acceded to my request. Exceed We should not exceed the limits of morality. 2. Access He is proud of his access to the minister. Excess Excess of everything is bad. 3. Adapt A clever man adapts himself to the situation. Adopt Some pakistanis have adopted western ways of life. 4. Accept I accepted his request to dinner. Except All except Ali were present. 5. Admit I admit that he is honest. Confess He confessed his guilt in the court. 6. Artist A famous artist has painted this picture. Artiste Shazia Manzoor is a popular TV artiste.
1st Year 7. Averse He is averse to criticism. Adverse I was angered by his adverse remarks. 8. Ballet Chinese ballet is worth-seeing. Ballot We put our ballot papers in the box. 9. Beat Do not beat about the bush and come to the point. Beet Sugar is made from beet also. 10. Beneficent God is beneficent to all. Beneficial The new health policy is beneficial for the people. 11. Berth I reserved a berth in the Pakistan Mail. Birth What is your date of birth? 12. Beside There is a park beside our house. Besides Besides this, I have another evidence to prove my claim.
1st Year Pairs of Words 13. Born Allama Iqbal was born in Sialkot. Borne The cost of his education was borne by his brother. 14. Brake The brakes of my cycle are loose. Break He tried very hard but could not break the stick. 15. Bridal Her bridal dress was worth-seeing. Bridle It is difficult to control a horse without a bridle. 16. Calendar I bought next year’s calendar from market. Calender He works in a calender factory. 17. Cannon Cannons thundered in the battlefield. Canon His behaviour is against all canons of morality. 18. Canvas These shoes are made of canvas. Canvass People are canvassing for the election of their candidate.
1st Year Pairs of Words 19. Cast The fisherman cast his net in the river. Caste There is no caste system in Islam. 20. Cease The engine of their car ceased working. Seize He seized the thief by the neck. 21. Ceremonial The priest was wearing a ceremonial dress. Ceremonious He is always ceremonious to his seniors. 22. Cession No country can allow the cession of any of its provinces. Session The budget session will be held shortly. 23. Childish I am fed up with his childish habits. Childlike The old man is child like in his behaviour. 24. Cite The teacher cited many examples from history. Site The new site for the college has been selected.
1st Year Pairs of Words 25. Coarse This dress is made of coarse cloth. Course Some questions in today’s paper are out of course. 26. Coma The patient has been in coma for the last ten days. Comma Do not put a comma at the end of the sentence. 27. Common This piece of land is a common property of all the villagers. Mutual They came to a mutual agreement to help each other in the hour of need. 28. Complement Man and woman are complement of each other. Compliment Please pay my compliments to your father. 29. Confidant I have full confidence on my confidant. Confident The boy was very confident of his success in the examination. 30. Corporal Corporal punishment in schools is not allowed nowadays. Corporeal Food and water are the corporeal needs of man.
1st Year 31. Council The college council is the highest body in a college. Counsel The son acted upon his father’s counsel and succeeded. 32. Cue The actor got the cue and acted accordingly. Queue Please stand in the queue and wait for your turn. 33. Custom Every country has its own customs. Habit Smoking is a bad habit. 34. Dairy I have bought this milk from a dairy shop. Diary She keeps a diary to record important events. 35. Decided Please, give me your decided opinion in this matter. Decisive Three decisive battles were fought at Panipat. 36. Defer The case of his pension has been deferred. Differ I differ with you on this matter.
1st Year Pairs of Words 37. Defy Napoleon defied the whole of Europe for more than a decade. Deify The Greeks deified their heroes. 38. Dependant He has many dependants to look after. Dependent Akram can not marry because he is dependent. 39. Descent While coming down the descent, his foot slipped and he fell down. Dissent The meeting could not decide the matter because of dissent among the members. 40. Device Scientists have invented a new device to control the traffic. Devise They are trying to devise a machine for sowing of rice. 41. Dew Dews fall gently. Due She could not go to the college due to illness. 42. Die The doctor cured the patient who was about to die. Dye Some men dye their hair.
1st Year Pairs of Words 43. Dose The doctor gave him three doses of medicine. Doze The watchman was found dozing in the night. 44. Draft The draft of my book is ready. Draught The traveler took a few draughts of cool water. 45. Dual Our principal is performing dual duties nowadays. Duel The prince was killed in a duel. 46. Economic The economic condition of Pakistan is improving. Economical We should be economical in what we spend. 47. Edible We use edible oil for cooking. Audible His voice was hardly audible. 48. Eligible You are eligible for this post. Illegible His handwriting is illegible.
1st Year Pairs of Words 49. Emigrant Many English emigrants have settled in Australia. Immigrant Asian immigrants are maltreated in Britain. 50. Eminent Allama Iqbal was an eminent poet. Imminent War in that region is imminent. 51. Enviable His health is enviable. Envious We should not be envious to others. 52. Faction Many factions of the students were going towards the playground. Fiction Your story seems to be a fiction. 53. Fair We are planning to see the village fair tomorrow. Fare The railway fares have increased. 54. Famous Allama Iqbal is very famous in other countries also. Notorious A notorious robber was killed by the villagers yesterday.
1st Year Pairs of Words 55. Feat The juggler showed many feats in the circus. Feet The children washed their feet after returning from the playground. 56. Foul Gentlemen do not use foul language. Fowl He has kept many fowls in his mini zoo. 57. Gait He walks with an awkward gait. Gate Please open the main gate. 58. Gamble He gambled away all his money. Gambol The children were gamboling in the ground. 59. Hail The travelers were caught in a hail storm. Hale Even in his old age, he is hale and healthy. 60. Heard We heard a noise outside. Herd A herd of cows is grazing in the field.
1st Year Pairs of Words 61. Hew People are hewing down the trees. Hue The rainbow has many hues. 62. Historic The President made a historic speech yesterday. Historical We visited many historical places in Lahore. 63. Human Human nature never changes. Humane He is very humane and forgiving. 64. Idle Do not waste your time by remaining idle. Idol Hindus worship many idols. 65. Imaginary Your fears are unreal and imaginary. Imaginative The writer of this book has an imaginative mind. 66. Impassable The road to Kaghan Valley becomes impassable in winter. Impossible Nothing is impossible in this world.
1st Year Pairs of Words 67. Ingenious He found an ingenious way to save himself. Ingenuous Be fair and ingenuous in your dealing with others. 68. Judicial A judicial inquiry was held in this case. Judicious Your advice is very judicious. 69. Lessen The doctor tried to lessen his pain. Lesson All the students have learnt their lesson. 70. Lovable He is noble and loveable. Lovely It is a lovely scene on the mountains. 71. Main Write down the main idea of this poem. Mane The hunter clutched the manes of the lion. 72. Marry She will marry her son next month. Merry Eat, drink and be merry.
1st Year Pairs of Words 73. Meat This butcher sells fresh meat. Meet I could not meet my friends on the last day in the college. 74. Metal Iron is a useful metal. Mettle The soldiers collected their mettles and defeated the enemy. 75. Miner He is miner by profession. Minor Minors are not allowed to play with this toy. 76. Moral He has a good moral character. Morale The morale of our army is very high. 77. Official My elder brother is a government official. Officious He is always officious to his seniors. 78. Ordinance The government has issued a new ordinance. Ordnance There is an ordnance factory in Wah.
1st Year Pairs of Words 79. Patrol The guards are on patrol duty today. Petrol I met him near the petrol pump. 80. Populous Karachi is a populous city. Popular Imran Khan was a popular cricketer. 81. Pore There are numerous pores in human skin. Pour Please pour some milk in the cup. 82. Principal Our principal is on leave today. Principle The chairman of this organization is man of principles. 83. Profit Some merchants earned undue profit by hoarding sugar. Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) is the last prophet of God. 84. Rain The rivers are in flood because of heavy rains. Rein The rider pulled the rein of the horse to stop it.
1st Year Pairs of Words 85. Respectable Women enjoy a respectable place in our society. Respectful He is respectful to his elders. 86. Right Your answer is not right. Rite In Pakistan minorities are free to perform their rites. 87. Soot Sweep the soot out of the chimney. Suit He wore a blue suit on his wedding. 88. Soul He put his heart and soul in his work. Sole Akbar is the sole owner of this factory. 89. Stationary The sun is stationary and our earth revolves around it. Stationery She bought a pencil from a stationery shop. 90. Storey We live in the upper storey of this building. Story The teacher told us an interesting story today.
1st Year Pairs of Words 91. Straight This road leads straight to our college. Strait The ship is sailing through the strait of Gibraltor. 92. Tenor The peaceful tenor of his life was broken by the death of his son. Tenure The tenure of this post is three years. 93. Vacation We will go abroad during the summer vacation. Vocation Gardening is his father’s vocation. 94. Vain Ali tried hard to cross the river but in vain. Vein Human body has a network of veins. 95. Vale According to some scholars, this world is a vale of tears. Veil Many women cover their faces by veils. 96. Vine France is famous for its vineyards. Wine Wine is unlawful in Islam.
1st Year Pairs of Words 97. Wander Do not wander in the sun. Wonder He wondered at my difficult question. 98. Way There is no easy way to success. Weigh Please weigh your luggage on the scales. 99. Weak He has become weak because of illness. Week There are seven days in a week. 100. Yoke The farmer yoked the oxen to the plough. Yolk I like the yolk of an egg.
Lesson # 1 \"Button Button\" By Richard Matheson Q1. Why did Norma consider the tone and attitude of Mr. Steward offensive? Ans: Mr. steward was a commercial man who wanted to sell his gadget at any cost. Despite the fact that Norma had told him that she was busy, he kept on persuading her in a flat voice. His tone and attitude was offensive because he was not being entertained. Q2. Why did Arthur disagree with his wife? Ans: Arthur was a peaceful and gentle person. He considered the killing of a human being an immoral and evil act. He valued the life of every person whether he was known or not known to him. He had a humanistic approach and did not want to hurt anyone at any cost. Q3. Why did Norma try to persuade her husband to accept the offer? Ans: Norma wanted to materialize her dreams, she persuaded her husband to accept the offer. She wanted to go on a trip to Europe, to buy a cottage on the Island, to have a nicer apartment, nicer furniture, nicer clothes and a car. Q4. What were the reasons Norma gave to her husband to accept the offer? Ans: Norma argued that it might be some sort of psychological research or a game played by some eccentric millionaire. She insisted that it would not be a murder if they did not know the person; it could be some old Chinese ten thousand miles away or some diseased native in the Congo. Q5. Why did Mr. Steward continue persuading Norma? Ans: Mr. Steward was an expert salesman. He knew that women could be easily persuaded. Arthur had plainly rejected the offer whereas she did not show severe reaction. Therefore, he continued persuading Norma who eventually fell prey to his offer of $ 50,000. Q6. What was the message Norma received on pushing the button? Ans: Norma received a message from the Lenox Hill Hospital. A voice informed her about the subway accident. The showing crowd had pushed Arthur from the platform in front of the Train. Arthur was no more in this world. Q7. What is the significance of Arthur's life-insurance policy? Ans: Arthur had a life - insurance policy of $ 25,000 with double indemnity in case of his death in an accident. As Norma was a greedy, selfish and self centered woman, she might have wished her husband dead so that she could fulfill her desires. Her unconscious prays bore fruit at last. Q8. Did Norma remain normal on hearing the news of the accident of her husband? 1
Ans: No, she did not remain Normal.\"She felt unreal\" and \"she was conscious of shaking her head but couldn't stop\". She was in a state of shock and numbness. Something cold pressed her head and she couldn't seem to breathe. She was unable to walk and struggled to her feet. Lesson # 2 \"Clearing in the Sky\" By Jesse Stuart Q1. What had the doctors told the old man? Ans: The doctors had diagnosed a weak heart and therefore, advised the old man to relax and enjoy the rest of his life. They forbade him to walk the length of a city block. He was advised to take complete bed rest by twenty doctors. One of them did not give him even a week to live. Q2. Where did the old man take his son? Ans: The old man took his son to the top of the mountain where he had cleared in the sky in order to sow potatoes, yams and tomatoes. He did it against the orders of his doctors. In spite of hard work , he survived because he had strong will and determination. Q3. Had the son ever been there before? Ans: With the exception of the last three years the son had been over there many times. He did not see anything extra-ordinary on that piece of rugged land. Q4. What were the names of the vegetables the old man given on his farm. Ans: The old man had grown potatoes, tomatoes and yams on his Land. He was proud of his vegetables. He was sure that they were the sweetest and the most nourishing vegetables. Q5. Why did the old man take the steep path? Ans: One of the doctors told him that he would die within a week. During this period he made a longer and easier path. As he continued get better he kept on making steeper paths. It was one way of knowing that he was getting better all the time. Q6. Why did the Son at the age of Six Cry? Ans: When the son was six year old, the father gave him a little wooden plough. The son liked it very much but unfortunately, he lost it in a furrow and cried a lot. The father made another plough to pacify him. Q7. What were the feelings of the old man at the age of seventy? Ans: The old man was fully contented with his life. He was proud of his achievement .He raised the family of five and complete the life Spent, the good book allowed. He had deceived death many times and lewd a healthy, active and busy life. Q8. Why had the old man planted his secret garden? 2
Ans: The old man had planted his secret garden because of two reasons. Firstly, he wanted to taste yams, tomatoes and potatoes grown in this land.\" Secondly he wanted to check his physical health and vigour by making steeper paths. Lesson # 3 \"Dark they were and Golden-Eyed\" By Ray Bradbary Q1. Why did Harry want to go back to the Earth? Ans: Harry did not like the atmosphere on the Mars as it was hostile to him. He felt that he would dissolve in it and would lose all his thinking power and memory .It seemed that the wind blowing on Mars would flake away his identity. Q2. Why did he want to stay? Ans: At first he tried to find out a way to go back. He strived to build a rocket but was not succeeded. Eventually, he decided to stay on Mars with his family until the war ended on the Earth and the rockets came again on Mars. Q3. What climate did they face? Ans: The climate on Mars was dry, troublesome and hostile. It had dried the canals. The Martian air was oppressive and injurious to them. It seemed that the air might draw their souls from them. Harry felt submerged in a chemical that could dissolve his intellect and burn away his past\". Q4. What was the condition of the Bittering family on hearing the news of the war on the Earth? Ans: The Bittering family was in great shock. They were terrified, nervous, agitated and disturbed. Laura, who broke the news, began to weep. Mrs. Bittering held onto her husband and daughter. They felt they were stranded on Mars forever and ever. Q5. What did they want to grow? Ans: They wanted to grow vegetables and fruit that they had on earth. They wanted to grow them because they were used to eat them. Harry remembered peach blossoms, the onions and the grass of the Earth. Q6. What was the condition of their house? Ans: Their house had been flaked and peeled by the hot Martian air. The fog at night had destroyed their boards. Metals became rusty. Rubber tires had shrunk like suspended pendulums of stopped clocks. Q7. What was the advice Harry gave to the people? Ans: Harry advised the people to work with him so that he might build a rocket to go back to the Earth. He told them that the Martian virus would change them altogether. He urged them to find ways of going back as soon as possible. 3
Q8. How dangerous can a Martian virus be? Ans: A Martian virus can change one's complexion and stature. I can make someone black and golden eyed. It can flake away their identities and eventually kill them. Lesson # 4 Thank you, M'am\" By Langston Huges Q1. What was the time when the boy tried to snatch the purse of the women? Ans: The boy named Roger tried to snatch the lady's purse at about 11p.m. It was dark night and the lady was walking alone. Roger thought that she could not resist his attempt. Q2. What happened to the boy when he tried to snatch the purse? Ans: The strap of the purse broke when the boy tried to snatch the purse. He could not keep his balance. Instead of taking off full blast, the boy fell on his back on the side-walk and his legs flew up. Q3. What was the reaction of the woman? Ans: As the boy fell on his back, the woman turned round and kicked the boy directly and firmly \"in his blue jeaned sitter.\" Then she picked him up by his shirt front and shook him till his teeth became rattling. Q4. What was the conduct of the people when they saw the incident? Ans: Two or three passerby stopped, looked at the incident and stood watching. They did not come closer to them and remained indifferent. They did not bother to know the real cause of the incident. Q5. How did the boy look physically? Ans: The boy looked very thin and frail. He was fourteen or fifteen years old. He was wearing tennis shoes and blue jeans. His face was dirty and it seemed that there was nobody home to tell him to wash his face. Q6. What was the condition of the boy when the woman gave him a few jerks? Ans: The boy got frightened thoroughly when the woman gave him a few jerks. Sweat popped out a on his face. He feared that she would hand him over to the police. He was looking tired, hungry and worried. Q7. Why did the woman ask the boy to wash his face? Ans: The woman felt pity on the boy. She realized that he was a neglected child. She wanted to help the boy and teach him the lesson of his life. She knew that love conquers all and asked the boy to wash his face in an affectionate manner. Q8. Why didn't the woman watch the boy while preparing a dish? 4
Ans: The woman had realized that the boy was a neglected child. He was not so bad. She believed in his inner goodness. She knew that he would not betray her trust. Therefore, she did not watch him while preparing the dish. Q.9 What was the nature of the Woman's job? Ans: The lady worked in a hotel beauty shop that stayed open late. She told the boy that she made the hair of all kinds of women, blondes, redheads and Spanish. She was returning from the beauty shop when the boy tried to rob her. Lesson # 5 \"The Piece of String\" By Guy De Maupassant Q1. Why did Manana accuse Hubert of picking the lost pocketbook? Ans: As Manana had seen Hubert picking up something from the ground, he accused Hubert of picking up the lost pocket book. He did so under a misunderstanding. Infact, Hubert stooped to pick up a piece of string, but no one believed him. Q2. Why did the people think of Hubert when they heard the return of the pocketbook by some other person? Ans: The people did not believe that George had found James's pocketbook. They thought that he was making lame excuses. Whatever reasons he gave, people were not willing to believe him. Q3. Why did George give the pocketbook to his employer? Ans: George found the pocketbook on the road to the village market. He did not know how to read the papers inside the purse. Therefore, he gave it to his employed named Mr. James. Q3. What made Hubert shameful? Ans: Hubert was a man of honour and dignity. He could not bear Manana's blame and took it to heart. He said, \"There is nothing so shameful as to be called a liar. He was also grieved by the lies of the people. Q.5 Why did the people make fun of his innocence? Ans: It seemed that the village people were illiterate and ill-mannered. They had a narrow mentality. They wanted to amuse themselves by making fun of an innocent person. They took pleasure in ridiculing Hubert and made him a laughing stock. Q.6 Why did he keep claiming his innocence before his death? Ans: Hubert was an innocent and sensitive man. He had self respect and could not bear Mr. Manana's blame. He wanted to restore his lost repute by telling the people that he was innocent and had nothing to do with Mr. James' pocketbook. 5
Short Questions The Reward Lord Dunsany Q3. Answer the following questions. (in one or two sentences) i. What was the subject discussed at the Club? Ans. The subject discussed at the Club was of opportunity and determination. Some said that opportunity was required for success. According to others, only determination was needed. Jorkens emphasized if man stuck to get something, he got it. ii. What did Terbut think of Jorkens’ argument? Ans. Terbut disagreed with Jorkens when he claimed that anything could be got with determination. He asked Jorkens if it was possible to get ‘Anything’. Jorkens stuck to his claim and said 'Anything'. Terbut inquired if some one could be the skating champion of Sahara. Jorkens again replied in affirmation. iii. How did Jorkens convince that a man can become a skating champion of the Sahara? Ans. In order to convince that a man can become a skating champion of the Sahara Jorkens said that he’d make the money, and he’d build a skating-rink in the Sahara and organize a competition there. He further said that he’d be skating champion all right, if he really gave all his time to it. iv. How did Gorgios persuade his people to make his country strong? Ans. Gorgios delivered speeches to persuade his people to make his country strong. He told them that the glory of their country and of its ancient throne would be increased if the post of Court acrobat were created. He gave examples of other Courts and greater ones. v. What was the viewpoint of the parents of Gorgios? Ans. The viewpoint of the parents of Gorgios was like that of many other people. His parents also thought that only determination was not sufficient for success. They were of the view that opportunity was also needed along with the determination for success. Prepared by: Prof. Arif Hameed Page 1 of 5
Short Questions vi. What were the arrangements made for the function of inauguration? Ans. The great throne-room had been turned into a kind of gymnasium. Great curtains of red and gold were hung along the walls. High swings of acrobats hung down with gilded ropes from ceiling. A row of neat hurdles was arranged on the polished floor. vii. Describe the scene of inauguration. Write five sentences. Ans. The throne-room was decorated for the inauguration. Gorgios had worn a brilliant dress. He walked slowly in his pointed shoes and leaned on a gilded stick. He came to the hurdles. Royal smiles were directed towards him and gentle applause broke out. Then, he was led to a seat. His life’s ambition was achieved. viii. What were the feelings of Gorgios on the occasion? Ans. Gorgios had mixed feelings on this occasion. He was happy that he had at last achieved his life’s ambition. At the same time, he was sad as his ambition had taken the golden period of his life to be achieved. One more thing which worried him was that he had become too old to perform any trick. ix. Did Gorgios use any short cut to achieve his ambition? Ans. No, Gorgios did not use any short cut to achieve his ambition. He stuck to his ambition with determination. He worked hard for it. He spent a long time for the purpose. He sacrificed the golden period of his life to achieve his ambition. Even, he had to join politics to become a Court acrobat. x. How long had Gorgios to stick to get his ambition achieved? Ans. Gorgios had stuck for more than sixty years to get his ambition achieved. It seems to be unbelievable that a person can be so determined to achieve his ambition but it was true in Gorgios’ case. He was very young and strong in the beginning but became very old and feeble in the end. Prepared by: Prof. Arif Hameed Page 2 of 5
Short Questions The Use of Force William Carlos Williams Q3. Answer the following questions. i. What was the condition of the parents on the arrival of the doctor? Ans. The parents were all very nervous on the arrival of the doctor. They were eyeing the doctor up and down distrustfully. They were not telling the doctor more than they had to. They were expecting from the doctor to tell them. That’s why they were spending three dollars on him. ii. What was the behavior of the child with the doctor? Ans. The child’s behaviour with the doctor was not good. She was non co- operative and stubborn in her response. Although she was sick and needed to obey his commands for her treatment yet her reaction showed that she was much afraid of the doctor. iii. She had a fever for three days, hadn’t she? Ans. Yes, she had a fever for three days. Her father disclosed this thing to the doctor. They did not know what that had come from. The mother had given her things like people had done, but that did not do any good. There had been a lot of sickness around so they contacted the doctor. iv. Did the girl change her expression when the doctor said, “Does your throat hurt you?” Ans. When the doctor asked, “Has she had a soar throat?” both the parents answered in negative. The girl’s expression did not change even when the mother asked her, “Does your throat hurt you?” She did not move her eyes from the doctor’s face. v. Why did the doctor call the sick girl by her first name? Ans. The doctor called the sick girl by her first name in order to win her confidence. He smiled in his best professional manner and asked for her first name. The doctor, in a loving way said, “Mathilda, open your mouth and let’s take a look at your throat.” Prepared by: Prof. Arif Hameed Page 3 of 5
Short Questions vi. Did the sick girl promptly respond to the instruction of the doctor? Ans. No, the sick girl did not respond promptly to the instruction of the doctor. In the beginning the doctor was very gentle and polite with her. Her non co- operative behaviour infuriated the doctor, later on and he used force to open her mouth in order to have a look at her throat. vii. Why did the parents rebuke her? Ans. The parents were feeling sorry for the situation which was created by their child’s stubbornness. The doctor was repeatedly asking her to open her mouth but she was not obeying his commands. This made the parents angry and they rebuked her. viii. What was the threat of the doctor to the child if she did not show her throat? Ans. The threat of the doctor to the child if she did not show her throat was, “Look here, we’re going to look at your throat. You are old enough to understand what I’m saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you?” ix. Why did she break the wooden blade? Ans. The sick child was not co-operating with the doctor at all. The doctor asked her very politely in the beginning to open her mouth, but in vain. He then used force for the same purpose. This infuriated the child and she broke his wooden blade under her teeth. x. What was the condition of the tonsils of the sick girl? Ans. The condition of the tonsils of the sick girl was very bad. The doctor at last, succeeded to open her mouth forcefully. He could see both her tonsils covered with membrane. She had been hiding her soar throat for three days and lying to her parents just to escape the expected situation.
Short Questions The Gulistan of Sa'di Sheikh Sa’di Q3. Answer the following questions. i. What was the advice given by Nushirvan to his people? Ans. Nushirvan was a Persian king. He was famous for his justice. He was very kind also to his subjects. He advised his people not to take anything without its owner’s permission. He further said that if it becomes a custom whole village can be ruined. ii. What was the remedy suggested by the physicians for the disease of the king? Ans. The king fell seriously ill and all hopes of his recovery vanished. At last, the physicians suggested bile of a person endued with certain qualities as the remedy for the disease of the king. A son of a farmer was discovered to possess the qualities mentioned by the doctor. iii. Why did the boy look to the sky and smile? Ans. The boy was brought to the altar. The executioner was directed to slaughter him. The boy looked towards the sky and smiled. When the king asked from him the reason for his smiling he replied that a son was looking to the affection of his parents. iv. What should be the role of a Qazi? Ans. The role of a Qazi is very important for peace in a country. It is his responsibility to provide justice to the people. It will make them happy and satisfied. On the other hand there can be unrest in the country and people can rise for rebellion. v. Why did the king weep? Ans. The king wept for the injustice done by him to the boy. He proved himself to be a selfish person. As a king he should have been kind to his subject. He did not care for the life of a young boy. He offered wealth to the old parents for the life of their son. All this made him sad and he wept for it. vi. How did the king recover? Ans. The king recovered due to God’s merci and blessings. He freed the boy and felt sorry for his selfishness. He also offered enough wealth to the boy’s parents for the compensation of their sorrow. This washed away his sins and God Almighty recovered him.
Vocabulary Test 1 Lesson # 1 1. Package (a) bale (b) bottle (c) envelope (d packet (d) drawing room 2. Apartment (a) building (b) office (c) a set of rooms (d) locked (d) lower part 3. Fastened (a) tied (b) tightened (c) placed (d) sofa (d) pretended 4. Bottom (a) upper part (b) middle (c) opening (d) affording (d) monitoring 5. Couch (a) bed (b) table (c) carpet (d) packet (d) unsealed 6. Repressed (a) scattered (b) redeemed (c) did not express (d) safe (d) annoyed 7. Offensive (a) unpleasant (b) defensive (c) objectionable (d) inquisitive (d) foolish 8. \"Monetarily\" (a) temporarily (b) slowly (c) about money (d) wishful (d) suddenly 9. Gadget (a) toy (b) device (c) box (d) static (d) decision 10. Withdrew (a) took out (b) handed over (c) opened (d) sweet (d) obvious 11. Genuine (a) profitable (b) attractive (c) original (d) farmer (d) happily 12. Embarrassed (a) profitable (b) deserted (c) dissatisfied (d) difficulty 13. Curious (a) afraid (b) reliable (c) hopeful (d) shaking (d) collecting 14. Eccentric (a) old (b) odd (c) cruel (d) difficult 15. Intriguing (a) interesting (b) strange (c) complex 16. Impulsively (a) hesitatingly (b) without thinking (c) secretly 17. Authentic (a) Genuine (b) amazing (c) interesting 18. Proposition (a) history (b) phenomenon (c) case 19. Scoffing (a) mocking (b) low (c) fearful 20. Incredulous (a) dignified (b) not willing (c) not happy 21. Peasant (a) cobbler (b) carpenter (c) pioneer 22. Appalled (a) nervously (b) dismayed (c) angrily 23. 24. Circumstance (a) situation (b) problems (c) abnormality (b) avoiding (c) gazing 25. Staring (a) looking (b) cleaning (c) arranging (b) strange (c) amazing 26. Stacking (a) washing 27. Ridiculous (a) silly 1
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