My Body Systems Flipbook- Bryce Lakin

My Flipbook Bryce Lakin

Integumentary System Key Terms: Derm/o, Dermat/o - skin; Kerat/o- horny; xer/o- dry; xanth/o-yellow, erythr/o- red; Onchy/o-nails; Myc/o- fungus; Pedicul/o- lice or louse; pil/o - hair; lip/o- fat; rhytid/o- wrinkle; albin/o- white. Functions of integumentary system: It acts as a barrier between our insides and the world. It retains fluids, protects us from disease, eliminates waste, and it regulates body temp. Vocab: Epidermis- superficial layer of the skin. Dermis- Composed of connective tissue, middle layer. Hypodermis- composed of the skin, grows when we gain weight. Melanocytes- melanin producing cells. Keratocytes- cells that produce keratin. Reticular layer- lower layer of dermis. Papillary layer- Top layer of dermis. Melanin- protein that protects us our skin from UV Rays. Keratin- Protein that toughens our skin. Dermal Papillae- projections of superficial surface of the papillary surface. Diseases/Disorders: Vitiligo- Autoimmune, the immune system attacks melanocytes, resulting in white patches. Eczema- Inflammation of epidermis. Melanoma- rarest and most deadly type of skin cancer. It metastasises quickly and it is resistant to chemotherapy. Basal cell carcinoma- most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer. Health Care Careers: Dermatologist- Skin specialist/doctor. Cosmetologist- takes care of hair, skin, and nails.

Musculoskeletal System Key Terms: My/o- muscle. Myel/o- spinal cord, bone marrow. Oste/o- bone. Cost/o- rib. Crani/o- skull. -pexy - surgical fixation. Chondr/o - cartilage. Arthr/o - joint. -plegia - paralysis. kinesi/o- movement. Function: The musculoskeletal system has four major functions. It protects your organs, gives your body structure, enables movement, and stores minerals as well as hematopoiesis. Vocabulary: Epiphysis- growth plates in long bones. Hematopoiesis- formation of red blood cells. Long Bone- supports weight ex. femur . Short Bone- cube shaped ex. carpals. Flat Bone- protect internal organs from danger ex. sternum. Sesamoid bones- reinforce tendons ex. Patella. Irregular bone- have complex shapes ex. Pelvis. Bursa- sac of fluid that helps joints to glide smoothly. Ossification- process of bone formation. Diseases/Disorders: Osteoporosis- porous bones, common in the elderly or in people with a calcium deficiency. Tendonitis- inflammation of the tendons. Leukemia- white blood cell cancer. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- better known as Lou Gehrig's disease, this is when nerve breakdown causes muscle weakness. Health Care Careers: Rheumatologist- muscle, joint and tendon specialist. Orthopedist- bone specialist.

Nervous System Key Terms: Neur/o- nerve. encephal/o- brain. myel/o - bone marrow or spinal cord. ambul/o - to walk/ambulate. -esthesia - sensation, feel. mening/o - meninges. Psych/o - mind. Concuss/o - violently agitated, shaken together. Function: The nervous system is responsible for gathering info from our environment and then making decisions based off of that info. Vocabulary: Central Nervous System- consists of brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System- consists mostly of nerves. Somatic Nervous System- connects cns to skeletal muscles, voluntary. Myelin Sheath- fatty insulation around neurons and speeds up synapses. Synapse- electrical impulse that conveys information from one neuron to the next, Endorphins- natural pain killers. Axon- impulse generator and it is the conductor region. Neuron- extremely specialized cells that conduct and send messages in the form of nerve impulses. Dendrites- receive info from the previous cell. Reflex- involuntary and almost spontaneous action in response to stimuli. Diseases and Disorders: Parkinson’s Disease- CNS disease that causes tremors and affects movement. Senile Dementia- Also called Alzheimer’s disease, this disease destroys memory and other important functions. Cerebral Palsy- usually occurs due to head trama at a very early age and affects movement muscle tone, or posture. Cerebrovascular Accident- CVA or Stroke is when the brain receives damage after blood flow is temporarily blocked. Careers: Neurosurgeon- specializes in treatment and surgical aspects of the nervous system. Nuclear Radiologist- use radiation to diagnose and treat disease.

Key Terms: irid/o - iris. -cusis - hearing problem. -opia - sight condition. ot/o - ear. tympan/o - eardrum. opthalm/o - eye. -metry - Special Senses to measure. Function: The special senses help us to interact and create an accurate image of our surroundings.Vocabulary: Mechanoreceptors- nerve receptors that responds to touch or sound. Chemoreceptors- nerve receptors that detects chemicals. Photoreceptors- nerve receptors that perceive light. Rods- responsible for seeing things in dim light. Cones- responsible for seeing color and high spatial acuity. Tympanic Membrane- eardrum, aids in hearing and splits outer ear from middle ear. The ossicles- transmits noise from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. Nocireceptors- nerve receptors that pick up pain. Thermoreceptors- nerve receptors react to tempature changes. Iris- involuntary muscle that controls the pupil’s size. Diseases/Disorders: Color Blindness- reduced or total inability to see color, caused by a lack of cones. Night Blindness- inability to see at night caused by a lack of rods. Cataracts- the clouding of the lens, caused by age or injury. Glaucoma- pressure behind the eye that damages the optic nerve. Health Care Careers- Opthamologist- eye specialist. Otologist- ear specialist.

Cardiovascular System Key Terms: Cardi/o - heart. Angi/o- blood or lymph vessels. Hem/o, Hemat/o - blood. Brady- slow. Tachy- fast. Thromb/o - coagulation. -emia - in the presence of blood. leuk/o - white, white blood cells. Erythr/o- red blood cells. Arteri/o - artery. Function: The function of the cardiovascular system is to maintain blood flow to the entire body. Vocabulary: Septum- wall that divides the right and left ventricles. Ventricle- the lower part of the heart. Aorta- largest artery in the body. Inferior/Superior Vena Cava- largest veins in the body. Pulse- beat of heart as felt through artery walls. Artery- transports blood away from heart. Veins-transports blood towards heart. Arteriole- small artery. Venule- small vein. Capillaries- smallest blood vessel. Diseases/Disorders: Coronary Artery Disease- narrowing of the arteries, usually from plaque build up. Congestive Heart Failure- heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, which causes heart to adapt making the myocardium thicker, but the the heart can’t fill so it stretches the myocardium out fo far that it can no longer pump. Arrhythmia- the heart beats irregularly. Myocardial Infarction - Heart attack, blocked blood flow to the heart. Health Care Careers: Cardiologist - heart specialist. Cardiac Surgeon- Surgeon that specializes in the heart and blood vessels.

Respiratory System Key Terms: Bronch/o- bronchus. Cyan/o - blue. Laryng/o- throat or larynx. -oxia - pertaining to oxygen. Oxy- oxygen. Pleur/o - rib, side, or pleura. pneum/o- breathing or lungs. pulmon/o - lungs. thorac/o - chest. trache/o - trachea. Function: The respiratory system allows us to inhale and exhale AKA breathe, it permits us talk and smell, it reinvigorates our body with oxygen and it removes hazardous Carbon Dioxide. Vocabulary: Trachea- windpipe. Pharynx- throat. Larynx - voice box. Alveoli- tiny sacs of lung tissue where gas exchange takes place. Lungs- two spongy sac like organs that have a large role in respiration. Bronchi- passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs. Mucus- protective secretion. Inspiration- inhaling. Expiration- exhaling. Diaphragm- thin, smooth muscle that controls inspiration and expiration, contracts to inhale, relaxes to exhale. Diseases/Disorders: Asthma- The airways can become inflamed, making it much harder to breathe. Pneumonia- infection of the air sacs.. Lung Cancer- common in smokers and has a low survival rate. Emphysema- caused most commonly by smoking and results in damaged and stretched air sacs. Healthcare Careers: Thoracic surgeon- surgeon for the thoracic region. Pulmonologist- physicians specially trained to diagnose and take care of chest conditions and diseases.

Digestive System Key Terms: Cholecyst/o - gallbladder. Enter/o - small intestine. col/o, colon/o - colon. Hepat/o - liver. Gastr/o - stomach/abdomen. or/o - mouth. -pepsia - digestion. Chol/e - bile, gall. Proct/o - rectum. Function: The digestive system works to absorb nutrients from the food we eat and dispose of the waste that we don’t need from our food. Vocabulary: Large intestine- works to remove water from our waste before disposal, about 3 inches in diameter and about 5 feet long. Small intestine- works to absorb nutrients from the fluid that the stomach creates, about 22 feet long and an inch in diameter. Stomach- muscular organ that helps to mash food for further digestion. Liver- helps to filter blood coming from the digestive tract and produces gall. Gallbladder - stores gall. Peristalsis- smooth muscle contractions that move food throughout the digestive system. Mastication- chewing. Deglutition - swallowing. Defecation - pooping. Rectum - the bladder of the digestive system. Diseases/Disorders: Irritable bowel syndrome- intestinal disorder causing abdominal pain, bloating and gas. Constipation- a person has difficulty passing bowel movements or hasn’t passed three in a week. Diarrhea - watery and loose stools that happen more often than they should. Hemorrhoids - Inflammation and swelling of the veins surrounding the rectum, usually causes discomfort and bleeding. HealthCare Careers: Proctologist - specialist of the colon, rectum, and anus. Gastroenterology- specialist in the digestive system.

Urinary System Key Terms: -cele - hernia. -lysis - lysing of cells. Cyst/o - bladder, sac or cyst. Nephr/o - kidney. Ren/o - kidney. -uria - urine. -pexy - surgical fixation. -ectasis - dilation. pyel/o - pelvis. Function: The urinary system works to maintain ph levels in the blood and to filter waste from the blood. Vocabulary: Kidney- main filter of the urinary system. Bladder - holds urine until it is able to be excreted. Urethra - passage upon which urine travels to leave the body. Ureter - tube which urine travels down to get to the bladder from the kidneys. External urethral sphincter - voluntary control which controls when you pee. Internal urethral sphincter - involuntary control of when you pee. Nephron - place of actual filtration within the kidneys. Urea - removed from the blood by the kidneys. Urine - waste material secreted by the kidneys. Urinary Meatus - opening of the urethra. Diseases/Disorders: Urinary tract infection - Infection of the urethra, usually accompanied by kidney pain, bloody urine, frequent urination, and dysuria. Renal Calculi - Kidney stones, extremely painful and compared to childbirth in pain. Urinary Incontinence - Unable to hold in urine. Cystitis - Inflammation of the bladder. HealthCare Careers: Urologist - specialist of the urinary tract. Nephrologist - specialist of the kidneys.

Reproductive System Key Terms: Cervic/o - neck, cervix, neck of uterus. Salping/o - Fallopian tube. Ov/o - oocyte, egg. Orchid/o - testicle. Oophor/o - ovary. Men/o - menstruation. Mamm/o - breast. Gynec/o - women, female. Colp/o - Vagina. Prostat/o - prostate. Function: The Reproductive system works to create egg and sperm, a way for them to be combined, and a way for the embryo to be nurtured. Vocabulary: Oocyte - egg. Vagina - external female genitalia. Penis and scrotum - external male genitalia. Scrotum - sac that holds the testicles. Testicles - produces sperm. Ovaries - produces eggs. Uterus - muscular section that holds the fetus until birth. Fallopian tube - carries unfertilized eggs to the uterus. Menstrual cycle- restarts every 28 days or so, it replaces the uterine lining. Ovarian Cycle - releases eggs and maintains hormones according to its stage. Diseases/Disorders: Ovarian cyst- a cyst in the ovary. Vaginal yeast infection - yeast infection of the vulva, usually caused by a ph change. Erectile Dysfunction - this occurs when a man cannot keep an erection. HIV/AIDS - STI that interferes with the bodies ability to fight off infections. Health Care Careers: Gynecologist- women and female reproductive system specialist. Andrologists - male and male reproductive system specialists.