Disha-Mag

k-tµiw- kÀ-Km-ß-I-am-b- I-gn-h-p-I-Ä- ]-cnt]mjn-¸n-¡-p-¶-Xn-\\m-bn- en-än-Â- -ssIävkv b-q-Wn-än- sâ -t\\X-r-X-z-¯n-Â- H-c-p- Un-Pn-ä-Â- am-K-ko-³- ]n-d-hnsbS-p-¯-Xn-Â- A-`n-\\-µ-\\-§-Ä-. Cu- D-Zy-a-¯n-Â- ]-¦m-fn-I-fm-b- kl-r-Z-b-À-¡v F-sâ `m-h-p-I-§-Ä-. hn-h-c- hn-\\n-a-b- k-t¦Xn-I- hn-Zy-bnse A-dn-h-p-I-Ä- D-]tbmKs¸S-p-¯n- \\-ho-\\-am-b- B-i-b-§-Ä- {]-h-À-¯n-]-Y-¯nse¯n-¡m-³- \\-½-psS kvI-q-fnse en-än-Â- -ssIävkv b-q-Wn-än-\\v C-\\n-b-pw- I-gn-bs«-sb¶v B-iw-kn-¡-p-¶-p-. -slUvam-kvä-À- Pn-.F-¨v.F-kv hm-f-h-b-Â- Signature

Signature Pn-.F-¨v.F-kv hm-f-h-b-en-sâ -t\\Xr-X-z-¯n-Â- \\n-À-½n-¡p-¶- am-K-ko\\v F-Ãm-hn-[- B-iw-kI-fpw- -t\\cp-¶p- . ]n- Sn- F- {]-kn-U-â v Pn-.F-¨v.F-kv hm-f-h-b-Â-

D-Å-S-¡w- ka-b-¯n-sâ - D-Nn-X-am-b- 1hn-\\ntbmKw-..... ]-I-Â- ]m-Sm-¯- -ss]¦n-fn....- 2 m-aw-... 3 {K F-.]n-.-sP A-_vZ-p-Ä-I-emw.-.... 5 Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ A-Un-£-³-kv.....7 ]-q-hn-sâ -thZ-\\-......8 H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw-......9 a-g......10 ……Taj Mahal 11 Iq-«p-Im-c-³.....13- 12 Hm-À-½-I-Ä.....- a-g-¯p-ÅntbmSv......14 -tIc-fo-b- I-e-I-Ä- 15 \\n-em-hv 16 17-sFkIv \\yp-«-¬- K-eo-entbm K-eo-en.... a-g-hn-Ãv...1. 8 \\-Zn-I-Ä- a-cn-¡p-¶p-.....19 B-a-bpw- ap-b-epw-..20 A-½..21- a-g.....22- -sIWn-bn-Âs¸«- {]m-hp-I-Ä....23- ]q-hv.....24 Signature

Signature ka-b-¯n-sâ D-Nn-X-am-b- hn-\\ntbmKw- ka-b-¯n-sâ {]m-[m-\\yw- a-\\-Ên-em-¡n- \\mw- {]-h-À-¯nt¡ï-Xv \\-½-psS Po-hn-X-¯ns\\ kw-_-Ôn-¨-St¯mfw- h-fsc {]m-[m-\\yw- D-Å- H-¶m-Wv.ka-b-¯n-sâ i-cn-bm-b- hn-\\ntbmK-¯n-\\v ]n-¶n-Â- A-¨-S-¡w- H-c-p- h-en-b- ]-¦v h-ln-¡-p-¶n-ïv. C-¶v \\-a-p-¡v N-p-ä-pw- It®mSn-¨m-Â- \\-½-psS a-Wn-¡-q-d-p-I-Ä- \\n-an-j-§-Ä- B-¡n- am-äm-³- ]-ä-p-¶- [m-cm-fw- hnt\\mZ-§-Ä- \\-a-p-¡v N-p-ä-pw- Z-r-iy-am-Wv. F-¶n-«-pw- bmsXmc-p- a-Sn-b-pw- I-q-SmsX Sn- hn- ¡-pw- I-¼yq-«-À-\\-pw- a-p-¶n-Â- ka-bw- Nn-e-h-gn-¡m-³- \\mw- bmsXmc-p- a-Sn-b-pw- Im-Wn-¡-p-¶n-Ãm- F-¶-Xv H-c-p- h-en-b- bm-Ym-À-°yw- Xs¶ B-Wv. C-Xv Xo-À-¯-pw- K-u-c-h-a-p-Å- h-kvX-p-X- Xs¶bm-Wv. ]-et¸mg-pw- Gsd ka-bw- Sn- hn- Im-Wm-\\-pw- I-¼y-q-«-dn-Â- I-fn-¡m-\\-pw- ka-bw- -sNe-h-gn-¡-p-¶-p-. A-Xn-Â- \\n-¶-p-am-dn- A-S-p-¯- {]-h-À-¯n-bn-Â- a-p-g-p-Im-³- D-f-f- a-SnsImïv B-kz-Zn-¨-p- at\\ml-c- amtIï- \\n-an-j-§-Ä- -shd-psX \\-jvSs¸S-p-¯-p-¶-p-. Cu- {]-h-À-¯-\\w- \\-½-psS hn-P-b-¯n-\\v hn-jm-X-am-bn- \\n-Â-¡-p-¶- H-¶m-Wv. F-¶v \\mw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-b-Ww-. ]-et¸mg-pw- H-¶n-\\-pw- ka-bw- Xn-I-b-p-¶n-Ã- F-¶v \\mw- ]-cm-Xns¸S-p-¶-p-. F-¶m-Â- Ir-Xy-am-bn- H-c-p- Zn-h-k-s¯ \\n-co-£n-¨m-Â- B- Zn-h-kw- {I-a-am-bn- ¹m-³- sN¿-p-I-b-pw- \\-S-¸n-em-¡-p-I-b-pw- h-gn- [m-cm-fw- ka-bw- \\-a-p-¡-v em-`n-¡mw- A-Xv a-ä-p-Å-htc¡m-Ä- Gsd kz-bw- ¹m-³- X-bm-dm-¡n-bmte a-\\-Ên-em-I-p-I-b-p-Å-q-. B-hn-iy-an-ÃmsX ka-bw- Nn-e-hm-¡-p-¶- Im-cy-§-Ä- Fs´m-s¡bmsW¶v Isï¯n- kz-bw- A-Xn-Â- \\n-¶v ]n-³-am-d-p-I- ………… . F-an-e-b- -tPmkv 9 F -t]Pv 1

Signature ]-I-Â- ]m-Sm-¯- -ss]¦n-fn- ]-ïv Im-«n-Â- H-c-p- -ss]¦n-fn- B-Sn-¸m-Sn- D-Ã-kn-¨-p- I-gn-ªn-c-p-¶-p-. H-c-p- Zn-h-kw- H-c-p- ]-£n- ]n-S-p-¯- ¡m-cm-³- B- In-fnsb ]n-Sn-¡m-³- h-esh¨-p-. -ss]¦n-fn- h-e-bn-Â- ho-W-p-. ]-£n-]n-Sn-¯-¡m-c-³- In-fnsb N- ´-bn-Â- -sImï-p- -t]mbn- hn-ä-p-. In-fnsb hm-§n-b-h-³- A-Xns\\ H-c-p- I-q-«n-Â- B-¡n- . X-sâ ho-Sn-sâ h-cm- ´-bn-Â- X-q-¡n-bn-«-p-. A-¶-p-a-p-X-Â- B- In-fn- ]m-«-p-\\n-À-¯n- ]m-«-p- ]m-Sn-b-X-psImïtà Xm-³- ]n-Sn-¡s¸«-Xv ? A-Xn-\\m-Â- C-\\n- Xm-³- ]m-Sn-Ã- F-¶v B- In-fn- \\n-Ý-bn-¨-p-. I-ptd \\m-Ä- I-gn-ªt¸m In-fn- cm-{Xn-bn-Â- am-{Xw- ]m-Sm-³- X-p-S-§n-. F-¦n-e-pw- A-Xv ]-I-Â- H-cn-¡-e-pw- ]m-So-bn-Ã-. cm-{Xn-bn-Â- In-fn-b-psS ]m-«-ptI«v H- c-p- h-Æm-Â- I-q-Sn-\\-S-p-¯v h-¶-p-. A-Xv In-fntbmSv -tNmZn-¨-p-; “ -ss]¦n-fn- \\o- F-´n-\\m-Wv cm-{Xn-am-{Xw- ]m- S-p-¶-Xv ? ]-I-Â- \\n-\\-¡v ]m-Sn-¡-qsS” -ss]¦n-fn- a-d-p-]-Sn- ]-d-ª-p-; “Rm-³- C-\\n- H-cn-¡-e-pw- ]-I-Â- ]m-S-p- I-bn-Ã-. ]-I-Â- ]m-Sn-b-X-p- -sImïm-Wv F-\\n-¡v C-§s\\ I-q-«n-Â- In-S-¡-ï- h-¶-Xv. C-\\n-a-p-X-Â- cm-{Xn- am-{Xta Rm-³- ]m-S-p-IsbmÅ-p-, C-X-p- -tI«t¸mÄ- h-Æm-Â- ]-d-ª-p-; N-§m-Xn- \\o- Ct¸mÄ- I-q-«n-em-Wv In-S-¡-p-¶-Xv. Im-«n-em-bn-c-p-¶t¸mÄ- \\o- ]-I-Â- ]m-SmsX cm- {Xn- ]m-Sn- \\-S-¶n-c-ps¶¦n-Â- \\ns¶bm-c-pw- Isï¯-p-am-bn-c-p-¶n-Ã-. ]t£ Ct¸mÄ- \\o- cm-{Xn- ]m-S-p-I-b-pw- ]-I-Â- ]m-SmsX C-cn-¡-p-I-b-pw- -sNbvXn-«v F-´m-Wv {]tbmP-\\w-. -ss]¦n-fn-¡v h-Æm-en-sâ -tNmZy-¯n-Â- Im-cyw- Dsï¶v a-\\-Ên-em-bn-. I-q-«n-Â- A-Is¸«n-cn-¡-p-¶- Xm-³- C-\\n- ]n-Sn-¡s¸Sm-Xn-cn-¡m-\\-p-Å- ap-³- I- c-p-X-e-p-I-Ä- F-S-p-¯n-«v F-´v Im-cyw-! ]m-hw- -ss]¦n-fn- X-sâ hn-UvVn-¯w- a-\\-Ên-em-¡n-. A-Ú-\\- {]-km-Zv 9 F- -t]Pv 2

Signature {Km-aw- I-hn-X- ]p-e-cn-X-³- Xp-jm-c-I-W-a-Wn-ªp-_ ¡n-S-¸p- F-³- {Km-a-ho-Yn-I-Ä-. Ip-¦p-as]m«psXm«p-; {Km-aw- …l-cn-X-I-Nm-À-¯-Wn-ªp- ]p-g-bpsS I-f-I-f- Ko-Xw- In-fn-bpsS I-f-I-f- \\m-Zw-. F-hnsS? Cs¶hnsS? Cu- Im-gvN-I-Ä-!!! ]p-g-bpsS I-f-I-f- Ko-X-an-Ã-; C-¶v In-fn-bpsS I-f-I-f- \\m-Z-an-Ã-. ho-Yn-bp-an-Ã-, -s\\Â-]m-S-an-Ã-. A-hnsS Iq-ä-³- -tKm]p-cw- am-{X-am-bn-!!! B-Zn-Xy- -sI.-sP -t]Pv 3

Signature F-sâ cm-P-Ip-am-cn- F-{X- kp-µ-cn-bm-W-h-Ä- Np-h-¶v Xp-Sp-¯- ap-J-am-W-h-Ä-¡v ap-´n-cn-¸-gw- -t]m-se A-h-fpsS I-®p-I-Ä- F-{X- kp-´-cn-bpw- at\\mlm-cn-X- Xp-fp-¼p-¶- Nn-cn-bp-am-Wv A-h-fptSXv B-h-Wn- -t]Pv 4

Signature F-.]n-.-sP A-_vZ-p-Ä-I-emw- B-bn-j-b-½-b-psS C-f-b-]-p-{X-\\m-bm-Wv F-.]n-.-sP A-_vZ-p-Ä-I-emw- P-\\n-¨-Xv. a-X-`-àn-b-p-Å- B-fm-bn- c-p-¶-p- At±l-¯n-sâ ]n-Xm-hv. [-\\-p-jv-tImSn-cmtai-z-cw- bm-{X-bv¡-p-Å- -t_m«-p-I-Ä- hm-S-I-bv¡v -sImS-p- ¡-p-¶- -sXmgn-em-bn-c-p-¶-p- At±l-¯n-\\v-tdXv. cmtai-zs¯ -sslµ-h- a-Xt\\Xm-¡-f-p-am-b-p-Å- kvI-q-Ä- A-²ym-]-I-c-p-am-bp-Å- kp-lr-¯v _-Ôw- ]-p-e-À-¯-p-I-b-pw- -sNbvX-p-.”Xo-h-ïn-bn-Â- F-¯-p-¶- ]-{Xw- h- en-¨n-Sm-³- klm-bn-¨n-c-p-¶- Im-ew- C-Xn-\\v {]-Xy-p-]-Im-c-am-bn- ]m-cntXmjn-Iw- \\-Â-I-p-am-bn-c-p-¶-p-“ C-Xm- bn-c-p-¶-p- X-sâ B-Zys¯ -thZ-\\w- F-¶v X-sâ B-ß-I-Y-bn-Â- -tcJs¸Sp-¯n-bn-c-p-¶-p-. C-´y-b-psS ]-Xns\\m¶m-a-Xv cm-jv{S-]-Xn-bm-bn-c-p-¶-p- (2002-2007)A-h-p-Â- ]-Io-À- -ssP\\-p-e-_vZo-³- A-_vZ-p-Ä-I-emw- H-I-vtSm_-À- 15 1931 – P-qsse 27 2015 {]- i-kvX-\\m-b- an-k!!ss!!Â- kmt¦Xn-I-hn-Zym-hn-Z-Kv²-\\pw- F-©n-\\o-b-d-p-am-bn-c-p-¶-p- Ct±lw-. _-ln-cm-Im- i- F-©n-\\o-b-dnw-Kv ]-T-\\-¯n-\\v -tijw- “{]-Xntcm[w- Kthj-W- hn-I-k\\tI{µw-(Un- B-À- Un- Hm- ),_- ln-cm-Im-itI{µw-(sF- F-kv B-À- Hm- ), X-p-S-§n-b- Kthj-W- kvYm-]-\\-§-fn-Â- D-¶-X- kvYm-\\-§-Ä- h-ln-¨n-c-p-¶-p-“. C-´y- Xt±io-b-am-bn- hn-I-kn-¸n-¨- km-ässeäv -tem©v -shln-In-fn-\\v-tdbpw-, _m-en-kvän- Iv an-k!!ss!!en-\\v-tdb-pw- hn-I-k\\-¯n-\\-pw- GtIm]-\\-¯n-\\-pw- a-ä-pw- A-_vZ-p-Ä- I-emw- hn-es¸«- kw-`m-h- \\-I-Ä- \\-Â-In-bn-«p-ïv.At±l-¯n-sâ kw-`m-h-\\- I-W-¡nseSp-¯v “C-´y-b-psS an-k!!ss!!Â- a-\\-p- jy-³-“F-¶v I-em-ans\\ hntijn-¸n-¡m-d-p-ïv. C-´y-³- \\m-jvW-Â- -tIm¬-{K-Ên-sâ ]n-´-p- Wtbm-sS Ct±lw- cm-jv{S-]-Xn- kvYm-\\t¯¡v Xn-csªS-p-¡s¸«-p-. X-sâ P-\\-Io-b-\\-b-§-fm- Â- “P-\\-§-f-psS cm-jv{S-]-Xn-“ F-¶- -t]cn-Â- {]-i-kvX-\\m-b- At±lw- 2007 P-qsse 25 \\-p- kvYm-\\samgn-ª- -tijw- X-sâ C-jvStaJ-e-I- fm-b- A-²ym-]-\\w-,F-g-p-¯v,{]-`m-j-Ww-,-s]mX-p-P- \\-tkh-\\w- X-p-S-§n-b-h-bn-Â- {i-²- -tI{µo-I-cn- ¨p-. C-´y-³- C-³-kvän-äy-q-«v Hm-^v at\\Pv-saâv A- l-½-Zm-_m-Zv, C-´y-³- C-³-kvän-äy-q-«v Hm-^v at\\Pv- saâv C-³tUmÀ- F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-Â- A-²ym-]-I- \\-pw-,Xn-c-p-h-\\-´-]-p-cw- C-´y-³- C-³-kvän-äy-q-«v Hm- ^v kv-t]kv kb-³-kv & -sSIv-t\\mf-Pn-b-psS -sshkv Nm-³-ke-dp-am-bn-c-p-¶-p-. -t]Pv 5

Signature am-äm-\\-p-Å- am-À-¤-§-f-pw- Z-À-i-\\-§-f-pw- C-´y- 2020 F-¶- X-sâ ]-p-kvX-I-¯n-Â- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨n-c-p-¶-p-. cm-jv{S-¯n-sâ `m-h-\\sb ]-än-b-p-Å- hy-à-am-b- Im-gv¨-¸m-Sv D-Å- {]-I-r-Xn-bm-bn-c-n- ¶-p-. hn-hn-[- hn-Zym-e-b-§-Ä- kµ-À-in-¨v A-hn-Ss¯ hn-Zym-À-°n-I-f-p-am-bn- kw-hm-Zn-¡-p-I- F-¶-Xv I-em-an- \\v C-jvS-a-p-Å- Im-cy-am-bn-c-p-¶-p-. A-gn-a-Xn- hn-c-p-²- C-´y- kr-jvSn-¡-p-hm-\\m-bn- b-p-h-P-\\-§sf -t_m[-h- Â-¡-cn-¶-Xn-\\-p-Å- H-c-p- Z-u-Xy-h-pw- At±lw- GsäS-p-¯-p- \\-S-¯n-bn-c-p-¶-p-. 2015 P-qsse 27 \\v 84 Bw- h- b-Ên-Â- At±lw- A-´-cn-¨-p-. B-h-Wn- _m-_-p- 10-F- -t]Pv 6

Signature Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ A-Un-£-³-kv \\-½-psS Cu- -temI-¯n-Â- F-{Xt]c-p-ïv Sn-.hn- Im-WmsX I-¼y-q-«-À- -t\\m¡msX -t^mWn-Â- I-fn-¡msX F-{Xt]À-, A-§s\\ -t\\m¡n-bm-Â- B-c-pw- Im-Wn-Ã-. F-Ãm-h-À-¡-p-a-p-ïm-I-pw- Fs´¦n-e-pw- H-c-pw- A-Un- £-³-. -t^mWn-Â- {^o- ^-b-À-, ]-_vPn- F-¶n-§s\\b-p-Å- -sKbva-p-I-Ä- I-fn-¨v F-{X- I-p-«n-I-Ä- Cu- -temIt¯mS-pw- \\t½mS-pw- hn-S-]-d-ª-p-. F-{X- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-Ä-¡v X-sâ I-p-ª-p-§sf \\-jv«s¸«-p-. Nn-e-c-psS -t^m¬- A-Un-£-³- Im-c-Ww- A-h-À-¡v A-h-c-psS `m-hn-bm-Wv \\-ã-am-bns¡mïn-cn-¡-p-¶-Xv F-¶v A-h-À- A-dn-b-p-¶n-Ã-. F-{Xtbm-t]À- -t^mWnse A-an-X-am-b- -t\\m«w- Im-c-Ww- X-e-bv¡v am-c-I-am-b- A-kp-Jw- h-¶-ptNÀ-¶-h-c-p-ïv. A-an-X-am-b- -tIm]w- A-h-cntebv¡v F-¯-p-¶-p-. A-X-pt]m-se Xs¶bm- Wv a-b-¡-p-a-c-p-¶n-\\-`-bw- -tXS-p-¶-h-c-pw-. F-{X- I-p-ª-p-§-Ä- X-sâ am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-f-dn-bmsX a-b-¡-p-a-c-p-¶n-\\-Sn-a-bm-h-p-¶-p-. A-X-p-h-gn- B- I-p-ª-§-Ä-¡-pw- A-h-c-psS `m-hn- \\-jvSs¸S-p-¶-p-, A-X-p- am-{X-a-Ã- am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-f-psS kz-]v\\-h-pw- I-q-Sn-bm-Wv Cu- I-p-ª-p-§-Ä- h-gn- \\-jvS-am-h-p-¶-X-v. Im-e- {ItaW- A-h-À-¡v Dt]£n-¡m-\\m-hmsXbm-h-pw-,A-§s\\bm-Wv Hmtcm ho-«n-e-pw- {]-iv\\-§-f-p-ïm-h-p-¶- Xv. \\-½-psS Po-hn-X-¯nse I-p-d-¨v \\m-f-p-I-Ä- k-t´mj-¯n-\\v -thïn- am-än-h-bv¡-p-I-. F-¶m-Â- \\mw- Im- c-Ww- Nn-e-Às¡¦n-e-pw- k-t´mjw- e-`n-¡-pw-. Po-hn-X-¯nse A-Un-£-³-kns\\ I-ï-p-]n-Sn-¨v A-h-bn-Â- \\n-¶-pw- ]-Xnsb ]-Xnsb h-g-p-Xn-am-d-p-I-. Po-hn-¡mw- k-t´mj-a-p-Å- \\mtfbv¡v -thïn-. A-³-jn-X- 9 F- -t]Pv 7

Signature ]-q-hn-sâ -thZ-\\- ]-qth \\n-³- A-cn-I-¯v Rms\\m¶v \\n-Â-¡s« \\n-³thZ-\\- Rms\\m¶-dn-bs« ]-qth \\n-³- -thZ-\\- Hmtcm Zn-\\-h-pw- N-qtSäv hm-Sn- X-f-À-¶v C-e-bm-Â- a-q-Sn- F-´n-\\-p- \\o- Po-hn-¡-bm-bv \\n-³- -thZ-\\- … ]-qth -sNmÃ-q- ]-qs¼mSn-bn-Â- ho-W-p- \\n-Âs¡ -tX³- \\-p-W-bm-³- i-e-`-§-f-pw- -sIm¨-p-h-ï-p-I-f-pw- ]m-dnsb¯th \\n-³- k-t´mj- ]-qs¼mSn-bn-Â- Gsd a-[-p-cw- -sNmcn-b-p-¶-p- …… . a-g-b-¯-pw- Im-ä-¯-pw- B-Sn-c-kn-¨v -shbn-e-¯v hm-Sn- X-e-À-¶v H-cp- Zn-\\w- -t\\m¡n- \\n-Âs¡ \\o- a-q-J-bm-bv at®mSv ……………… Xo-c-p-¶-p- kv-t\\l- D-®n-{I-jvW-³- 10 F- -t]Pv 8

Signature H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw- H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw- \\-ap-¡-½-bv¡p- -thïn- H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw- -sIm¨p-a-¡-Ä-¡p- -thïn- H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw- \\q-dp- In-fn-I-Ä-¡p- -thïn- H-cp- -ssX \\-Smw- \\-Ã- \\mtfbv¡p- -thïn- C-Xp- {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-\\m-bn- \\-S-¶p- C-Xp- a-g-¡m-bn- -sXmgp-Xp- \\-S-¶p- A-g-In-\\m-bv X-W-en-\\m-bv -tX³- ]-g-§-Ä-¡m-bv H-cp- \\q-dp- -ssXI-Ä- \\n-d-ªp- \\-S-¶p- -sNmcn-bpw- ap-e-¸m-ent\\mÀ-½-bp-am-bn- ]-I-cw- X-cm-³- Ip-¸pssI am-{X-am-bn- C-Xv -tZhn- `p-an-X-³- Np-S-Â-]-am-äm-³- \\n-d-I-®-am-bv R-§-Ä- -sN¿p-¶p-]q-P- -E-XptZhv -sI.F-kv -t]Pv 9

Signature a-g- F-hnsS \\n-¶-p- h-c-p-¶-p- \\o- F-hnsS-tb-s¡m -t]mW-p- \\o- Hmtcm X-p-Ån-b-pw- I-®-p-\\o-À- -t]m-se -s]m«n-¡-c-ª-p- -sImïv am-\\w- a-q-Sn- -s]mI-ªv h-cn-I-bm-bv B-À-¡-pthïn- -s]mgn-¡-p-¶-p- \\o- a-¬-¯-cn-I-fn-Â- \\-\\-hm-À-¶- P-em-i-bw- Hmtcm X-p-Ån-I-f-pw- Hmtcm C-e-I-fm-bv H-g-p-In- D-än- ho-g-p-¶-p-….. am-\\-¯-p- \\n-¶v -s]m«-p-¶- a-p-g-¡w- hm-intbm-sS h-c-p-¶- Im-À-a-p-In-e-pw- C-c-¨v h-c-p-¶- \\n-sâ i-_vZ-h-pw- H-c-p- I-®-p-\\o-À- -t]m-se X-p-Ån-bn-S-p-¶-p- H-cn-¡-e-pw- \\n-³-hn-Im-c-§-Ä- am-bnsæn-e-pw- \\n-³- I-®-p-\\-o-À- H-c-p- X-p-Ån-I-fm-bn- -s]mSn-b-p-¶-q-…. kv-t\\l- D-®n-I-r-jvW-³- 10 F -t]Pv 10

Signature Taj Mahal the taj mahal is an islamic ivory-white marble mauoleum on the right bank of the river yamuna in the indian city of agra it was built by the fifth mughal emperor shahjahan in 1631 in memory of third but the most feavourite wife in fact a soul mate mumtaz mahal, a muslim persian princess she died while accompanying her husband in burhanpur in a campaing to crush a rebelion after giving birth to their 13th child the taj mahal celebrates the great love of india’s mughal rules shahjahan for his beloved wife mumtaz mahal -t]Pv 11

Signature Hm-À-½-I-Ä- F-{X- Rm-³- kv-t\\\\-ln-¨m-epw- \\o- X-¶- B- ap-dn-hp-I-Ä- am-bmsX D-Ån-Â- H-cp- -thZ-\\-bm-bv C-cp-fn-epw- ]-I-en-epw- h-§pt¼mgpw- \\o- X-¶- B- cm-hp-I-Ä- am-bmsX a-\\-Ênse Hmtcm ap-¡n-epw- H-cp- hn-§-em-bv am-dp-¶p- …… . I-c-bnsÃ-s¶mcn-¡-epw- F-¶p- I-cp-Xn- \\n-sâ Hm-À-a-I-fm-Â- …… am-dp-¶q- I-c-bnsÃ-s¶mcn-¡-epw- F-¶p- I-cp-Xn- \\n-sâ Hm-À-a-I-Ä- F-³- D-Ä-ap-\\-bn-Â- \\n-sâ cq-]-hpw- am-bmsX Rms\\mcp- ]q-hm-bv …… am-dp-¶p- F-{X- a-d-¶m-epw- B- ap-dn-hp-I-Ä- B- -thZ-\\-I-Ä- F-¶pw- ap-\\t¸m-se Ip-¯n- -t\\mhn-¡p-¶q- … .. F-sâ a-\\-Ên-Â- H-cp- hn-§-em-bv I-¯n- F-cn-bp-¶q- … .. kv-t\\l- D-®n-Ir-j-W-³- 10- F- -t]Pv 12

Signature Iq-«p-Im-c-³- Iq-«p-Iq-Sm-\\msbsâ Iq-Sp- -tXSn-b-W-sªmcp- Ip-ªm-ä-¡n-fn- Im-änt\\mSp- I-Y- -sa\\-ªpw- I-S-ent\\mSp- I-fn- ]-d-ªpw- Im-Sm-b- ImsSÃmw- -taSm-b- -ta-tSÃmw- I-®m-cw- -s]m¯n- I-fn-¨pw- I-®n-Â- I-®n-Â- I-®m-Sn- -t\\m¡n- -sIm¡p-cp-an- Nn-d-Ip-cp-an- In-ep-Inse -sIm©n-Nn-e-¨pw- In-fn-¡q-«nse-s¶ Ip-fn-c-dn-bn-¡msX I-hn-Ä- -tNÀ-¯p-d-¡n-bpw- I-\\n-hn-sâ I-\\n-hm-,-sasâ I-c-fn-sâ I-c-fm-b- I-fn-¡q-«p-Im-c-³- (\\m-Pn-b- ^m-¯n-a-) -t]Pv 13

Signature a-g-¯p-ÅntbmSv a-g-bn-Â- e-bn-¨v a-g-¯q-ÅntbmSp- -tNÀ-¶v a-®nt\\mS-en-bm-³- F-³- -tamlw- a-g-bp-sS A-\\-´-kw-Ko-X-am-bn- ]p-g-bp-sS Hm-f-am-bn- I-S-en-Â- C-c-kem-bn- hm-\\-¯n-sâ I-dp-¸-Im-³- F-³- -tamlw- -taml-§-fn-Â- H-cp- -thgm-¼-ens\\-t¸m-se a-µ-am-cp-Xt\\bpw- Im-¯v \\-\\p-¯- a-g-¯p-ÅntbXpw- Im-¯v ImtXmÀ-¯n-cn-¡p-¶p- A-h-Ä- a-g-bpsS C-c-¼-ep-I-Ä-¡v ImtXmÀ-¯v an-¶-en-â- an-¶p-¶- {]-Im-i-am-bn-¯o-cm-³- Fs¶-t¶¡p-am-bn- A-h-Ä- ]-d-¶-I-ep-I-b-Wv -taml-§sf A-h-fptSXm-¡m-³-………. -tZh-\\-µ- -t]Pv 14

Signature -tIc-fo-b- I-e-I-Ä- H-cp- \\m-Sn-sâ I-®m-Sn-bm-Wv I-e-I-Ä-. H-cp- P-\\-kaq-l- ¯n-sâ km-aq-ln-I-hpw- kmw-kvIm-cn-I-hp-am-b- -ss]Xr-Is¯ B- \\m-«nse I-e-I- fn-eqsSbm-Wv \\mw- A-dn-bp-¶-Xv. -tIc-f-¯n-sâ Io-À-¯n- a-dp-\\m-«n-epw- F-¯n-¨- an-I-¨- I-em-cq-]w- I-Y-I-fn- Xs¶. C-¡m-cy-¯n-Â- X-À-¡-am-À-¡p-an-Ã- I-S-Â- I-S-¶v -s]cp-a- asämcp- I-em-cq-]- ¯n-\\pw- -tIc-f-¯n-Â- e-`n-¨n-«p-an-Ã-. a-e-bm-f-¯nse P-\\-Io-b- I-etb-sX¶- -tNmZy-¯n-\\v H-cp-¯-cw- am-{Xw-. A-Xp- Xp- f-f-Â- Xs¶ . a-e-bm-fn-I-fpsS X-\\-Xv \\r-¯-cq-]w- Xs¶bm-Wv -tamln-\\n-bm-«w-. A-Xv -tamln-¸n-¡p-¶- \\r-¯w- Xs¶bm-Wv.Nm-Iym-À-Iq-¯pw- Iq-Sn- bm-«-hpw- -tIc-f-¯nse c-ïp- {]-[m-\\- I-e-I-Ä- Xs¶bm-Wv. -tIc-f-¯nse ¢m-kn-Iv I-e-Isf¡p-dn-¨m-Wv \\mw- ]-d-ª-Xv.\\n-c-h- [n- {Km-ao-W- I-e-I-fpsS -tIZm-c-hp-am-Wv -tIc-fw-. -sX¿w-,Xn-d-,h-f-fw-I-fn-,Xn-cp-hm-Xn- c-I-fn- Xp-S-§n- \\n-c-h-[n- I-em-cq-]-§-Ä- -tIc-f-¯n-sâ kz-´-am-bp-ïv. tZh-\\-µ- {]-km-Zv -t]Pv 15

Signature \\n-em-hv \\n-em-hn-Â- Ip-fns¨¯p-¶- ]q-À-®-N-{µs\\ Im-Wm-³- F-´v `w-Kn-bmsW-t¶m F-hnsS-tbm F-³- a-\\w- X-a-Ês¶- H-ä-]-Z-¯m-Â- \\ns¶ B-Im-it¯¡p-b-À-¯n -ഃA-¡n-¯w- . F-³- Zp J ¯m-Â- Fs´¶-dn-bmsX Rm-³- \\ns¶ -t\\m¡n-\\n-¶pt]mbn- F-hnsS \\n-¶m-cw-`w- F-hn-sS A-kvX-a-bw- cm-{Xn-bnse \\n-sâ -shfn-¨w- G-Xv ]p-Âs¡mSn-¡pw- Xn-cn-¨-dn-bmw- cm-{Xn-bnse \\n-sâ -shfn-¨w- Cu- {]-]-©w- ap-gp-h-³- \\n-d-ªp- \\n-Â-¡p-¶p- . F-hnsS \\n-¶m-cw-`w- F-hnsS \\n-¶-kvX-a-bw-. A-RvPp-.-sI.B-À- (\\n-em-hv) -t]Pv 16

Signature -sFkIv \\yp-«-¬- P-\\-\\w-ഃ 1643 P-\\p-h-cn- 4 Cw-¥-ïv a-c-Ww-ഃ 31am-À-¨v 1727 -tZio-b-X-ഃ Cw-¥o-jv I-em-e-bw-ഃ {Sn-\\n-än- -tIm-tfPv -tIw-{_n-UvPv `-u-Xn-I-im-kv{X-Ú-\\pw-,K-Wn-X-Ú-\\pw-,-tPymXn-im-kv{X-Ú-\\pw-,X-¯-z-Nn-´-I-\\pw-, B-Âs¡an-kväpw-,B-bn-cp-¶p- kÀ- sF-kIv \\yp-«-¬-. B-Zys¯ {]m-În-¡-Â- dn-^vf-În-Mv -sSe-kv-tIm¸v \\n-À-½n-¨p-. {]-`p- ]-Z-hn- e-`n-¨- c-ïm-as¯ im-kv{X-Ú-³- Im-Â-¡p-e-kn-sâ ]n-Xm-hv F-¶v Ct±lw- A-dn-bs¸Sp-¶p-. 1687 Â- Ct±lw- ]p-d-¯n-d-¡n-b- `q-Kp-cp-X-zm-I-À-j-Ww-,N-e-\\-\\n-b-a-§-Ä- F-¶n-hsb hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶- {K-Ùw- _-e-X-{´-¯n-sâ A-Sn-kvYm-\\-in-e-bm-bn- I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-. A-]vkc- Sn-.F-kv K-eo-entbm K-eo-en- P-\\-\\w-ഃ-s^{_p-h-cn- 15 (1564) ]n-k C-ä-en- a-c-Ww-ഃ1642 P-\\p-h-cn- 8 I-ïp-]n-Sn-¯w-ഃK-eo-en-b-³- Zq-c-Z-À-in-\\n-,-ssl-t{Umkvä-än-Iv _m-e-³-kv,-sXÀtamao-ä-À- C-äm-en-b-³-{]-Ir-Xn-Z-¯-X-¯-z-Nn-´-I-³-,K-Wn-X-im-kv{X-Ú-³-,-tPymXn-im-kv{X-Ú-³-. {]-Ir-Xn-bpsS \\n-Kq-V-X-I-Ä- At\\zmjn-¡m-³- ]p-Xn-b- im-kv{Xo-b- am-À-K-§-Ä- B-hn-jvI-cn-¨p-. A-]vkc- Sn-.F-kv -t]Pv 17

Signature a-g-hn-Ãv G-gv \\n-d-a-p-f-f- a-g-hn-Ãv G-g-g-I-p-f-f- a-g-hn-Ãv I-p-¶n-³- -sNc-p-h-Â- Fs¶ F-¯n- -t\\m¡-pw- a-g-hn-Ãv a-gsb Xn-cn-ªv h-¶-XmtWm \\o- -shbn-ens\\ Xn-c-ªv h-¶-XmtWm \\o- Bsc Xn-c-ª-p- h-¶-p- \\o- -sNmÃ-p- -sNmÃ-p- a-g-hntà …………………. B-Im-iv -sI. F-kv -t]Pv 18

Signature \\-Zn-I-Ä- a-cn-¡p-¶p-….. ]p-g- C-Ãm-¯- \\m-Sv a-cp-`p-an-bpsS \\m-Sv. \\m-Sn-sâ Po-h-P-e-am-Wv ]p-g-I-Ä- H-gp-Ip-¶-Xv. \\-Zn-I-Ä- - kw-kvIm-c-¯n-sâ C-u-än-Ã-am-Wv -ss\\Â- \\-Zn-bpw- kn-Ôp- \\-Zn-bpw- D-u-«nt¸män- h-f-À-¯n-b- kw-kvIm-c-§-fm-Wv P-\\-X-bpsS -ss]Xr-Iw-. `m-c-X-¸pp-g-bpw- -s]cn-bm-dpw- C-Ãm-¯- -tIc-fs¯¡p-dn-¨v k¦-Â-¸n-¡m-³- \\- ½p-¡v I-gn-bptam? \\-½psS -sIm¨p- -tIc-f-¯n-Â- \\m-Â-¸-Xn-e-[n-Iw- h-ep-Xpw- -sNdp-Xp-am-b- \\-Zn-I-fp- ïv. \\n-c-h-[n- -sNdn-b- -sNdn-b- P-et{kmX-Êpq-I-Ä- G-äpp-hm-§n- C-h- \\m-Sn-sâ kar-²n-bnte¡p- \\- bn-¡p-¶p-.-ssZh-¯n-sâ kz-´w- \\msS¶v {]-i-kvXqn- ]-d-bm-³- X-¡-h-®w- -tIc-fs¯ l-cn-Xm-`-am-¡m- ³- C-u- \\-Zn-I-Ä- h-ln-¡p-¶- ]-¦v h-ep-Xm-Wv Ip-Sn-¡m-\\pw- , Ip-fn-¡m-\\pw- , Ir-jnsN¿m-\\pw- C-u- \\-Zn- I-fm-Wv -tIc-f-¯n-\\v Xm-§m-hp-¶-Xv … A-³-jm-Zv ]n-Fw- F-ÂtZm h-À-¤o-kv -t]Pv 19

Signature B-a-bpw- ap-b-epw- H-cn-S-¯v H-cn-S-¯v H-cp- Im-«n-Â- B-a-bpw- ap-b-epw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶p-. A-h-À- c-ïp- -t]cpw- ]-c-kv]-cw- i-{Xp-¡-Ä- B-bn-cp-¶p-. H-cp- Zn-h-kw- B-a- I-«n-eqsS \\-S-¶p- -t]mIpt¼mÄ- ap-b-ens\\ I-ïp-. At¸mÄ- B-a- -th-sd h-gn-bn-eqsS \\-S-¶v -t]mbn-. B-a- A-h-sâ ho-«n-Â- F-¯n-. ap-b-Â- ap-b-en-â- ho-«o-Â- B-bn-cp-¶p-. H-cp- Zn-h-kw- cm-hnse B-a-bpw- ap-bn-epw- Im-«n-Â- h-¨v I-ïp-ap-«n-. c-ïpt]cpw- X-À-¡-¯n-em-bn-. At¸mÄ- A-h-À- c-ïpt]cpw- H-cp- Xo-cp-am-\\-¯n-Â- F-¯n-. H-cp- ]p-g-bn-Â- h-¨v \\o-´-Â- a-Õcw- \\-S-¯m-³- Xo-cp-am-\\n-¨p-. ]ntä Zn-h-kw- c-ïp- -t]cpw- ]p-g-¡-c-bn-Â- F-¯n-. Cu- a-Õcw- A-dn-ªv Iptd B-Ä-¡m-À- Im-Wm-³- F-¯n-. a-Õcw- Xp-S-§n- At¸mÄ- ap-b-Â- -shÅ-¯n-Â- ap-§m-³- Xp-S-§n- At¸mÄ- B-a- h-¶v ap-b-ens\\ c-£n-¨p-. A-¶p-ap-X-Â- A-h-À- c-ïpt]cpw- kp-lr-¯p-¡- Ä- B-bn- Po-hn-¨p-…. Im-À-¯n-¡v Ir-jvW- -t]Pv 20

Signature A-½- A-½-bm-Wv kXy-0 A-½- Xs¶ kv-t\\l-0 A-½-bm-Wv I-¬-ap-¶n-Â- Im-Wp-¶- -ssZhw- -ssZh-¯ns\\-s´Ãmw- \\-·-I-fptïm A-hsbÃm-0 Cu- a-®n-Â- A-½-bn-Â- am-{Xw- A-½-bn-Â- \\n-¶m-Wv B-Z-y- A-£-cw- I-®m-bn-cp-¶p- A-½- ]o-¶n-Sp- I-®nse I-c-Sm-bn- am-dn- ap-Ãsam«n-³- Nn-c-bm-bn-cp-¶p- -tX³- -t]m-sebp-f-f- ap-{Z-bm-Wv F-¶nse A-½- {_n-hy- -t]Pv 21

Signature a-g- D-¨t\\cs¯mcp- -sIm¨p-a-b-¡-¯n-Â- ]n-¨- hs¨¯n-b- Im-À-ap-Inte X-Ãn-¨n-X-dp-am- Nn-Ã-I-Ws¡-sb³- ap-¶nse³- a-Zn-\\n-bm-bv -s]mgn-ªp- ]q-¡p-¶- -ssXam-hn-³- Nn-Ã-I-fpw- \\n-c-¶m-Sp-¶- -ssI-tXme-Iq-«-§-fpw- Im-än-Â- Nm-©m-Sn-bm-Spw- h-b-Â-]q-¡-fpw- a-gs¸®n-sâ Ip-fntcäp- hm-§p-¶pthm ]p-gta-se Hm-f-§-Ä- A-W-bptam a-e- ap-I-fnse D-d-htbmSn-gp-Ip-¶pthm A-e-I-fm-bv X-gp-In-Spt¼mÄ- F-sâ K-X-Im-e- kva-c-W-I-Ä- D-W-cp-¶n-Xm- a-gsbmcp- in-X-am-Ip-¶pthm F-³- a-\\samcp- a-bn-em-bv B-Sp-¶pthm \\o-fp-¶- -sN½-®p-]m-X-I-fn-Â- `-hy-.Fw-._n- -t]Pv 22

Signature -sIWn-bn-Âs¸«- {]m-hp-I-Ä- H-cn-¡-Â- H-cp- Iq-«w- {]m-hp-I-Ä- Xo-ä-bt\\ymjn-¨v ]-d-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-.At¸mÄ- A-h- Xmsg [m-cm-fw- [m- \\y-a-Wn-I-Ä- In-S-¡p-¶-Xp-I-ïv A-hnsS C-d-§n-.[m-\\y-a-Wn-I-Ä- Xn-¶m-³- Xp-S-§n-b- B- {]m-hp-IsfÃmw- H-cpthS-³- -sh¨n-cp-¶- h-e-bn-Â- Ip-Sp-§n-. “c-£s¸Sm-³- C-\\n- F-´m-Wv am-À-Kw- A-h-À- X-½n-Â- -tNmZn-¨p- “.”Rm-³- ]-d-bp-¶-Xpt]m-se -sNbvXm-Â- \\-aps¡Ãmw- c-£s¸Smw-”.”R-§-Ä- F-´m-Wv -sN-t¿ï-Xv”.a-äv {]m-hp-I-Ä-. “-thS-³- h-¶v \\-½sf Hmtcmcp-¯scbm-bn- ]p-ds¯Sp-¡pw-.At¸mÄ- B-cpw- ]n-S-bmsX F-Ãqm-h-cpw- -tN¯-Xpt]m-se In-S-¡-Ww- A-h-km-\\s¯ {]m-hnt\\bpw- ]p-d-¯n-«tijw- -thS-³- h-e- a-S-¡p-t¼mÄ- Rm-³- ]-d-¡qw- . H-¸w- \\n-§sfÃm-h-cpw- ]-d-¡-Ww- h-b-ʳ- {]m-hv hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨p- hn-jvWp- Fw- hn- -t]Pv 23

Signature ]q-hv ]qth ]qth -sImgn-btà ]qs´¶-ep- h-¶p- hn-fn-¨m-Â- -t]mItà ]p-e-cn- ]p-Xp- a-g-bn-Â- C-cp-fp- -s]mgn-¡tà H-cn-X-fpw- \\o- -s]mgn-¡tà ]p-Xp- a-®n-\\p- Nq-Sms\\mcp- ]q-hn-X-fpw- \\-Â-Ità Cu-d-³- ap-Sn-bn-Â- Nq-Sms\\mcp- ]q-hn-X-fpw- \\-Â-Ità -shf-fn-\\n-em-hn-e-en-ªn- ]p-©n-cn- am-bv¡tà ]q-h-ïn-³- {]-W-bw- -s]mf-fmtW \\nt¶mSp-f-f- ]q-h-ïn-³- {]-W-bw- -s]mf-fmtW A-Xv, ]qt´\\p-®m-\\m-W-bm-h-XmtW \\ns¶ Im-Wms\\¶pw- -sImXn-bmtW F-\\n-¡p- \\ns¶ Im-Wms\\¶pw- -sImXn-bmtW -sshjvW-hn-.Sn-.F-kv (]q-hv) -t]Pv 24