Digital Citizenship (By Hatta Hani)

How does computer usages affect your physical health? Eye Strain Eye strain • Your eyes can also become strained when you work in a place with bad lighting conditions, a lot of glare or with a flickering screen. But there is no need to worry- eyestrain is normally temporary and goes away after a period of time. • Here are some symptoms of eyestrain: Dry, Burning or itching eyes, blurring or double vision, headache, nausea and/ or fatigue. COMPUTER VISION A temporary condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer SYNDROME display for a long period of time. Some symptoms include headaches, blurred vision, neck pain, fatigue, eye strain, dry, irritated eyes, double vision, polyopia, and difficulty refocusing the eyes. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Online Predators Online Predator • Many people depend greatly on social networking sites, as this where they get together to share information and socialise with each other. This can be very dangerous as you can be exposed to online stalking. • This is a form of Internet harassment, more specifically known as cyberstalking. It may exist only online, or it may start from there and follow you into the very real, outside world. Many victims of cyberstalking are young people. If this happens, these stalkers are known as ‘online predators.’ • Normally, online predators are male, seductive, introvert, sadistic and sexually indiscriminate. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Pornography Pornography • There are more than 260 million pages of porn on the Internet. Google calculated that this makes up 7% of the 3.3 billion pages on the web. • Pornography is a problem as the contents are inappropriate to adult or children, and considered sinful by most religions. It is a type of women exploitation, and at the same time it deteriorates societal moral values. It is believed to contribute to rape and sex crimes. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Neglecting Family and Friends Isolation by choice • People who spend long hours in Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI solitude while using the computer will tend to neglect their relationships with other people, especially their family and friends. • In doing this, they will also tend to lack the development of other skills, and if they have to meet and talk with other people, they usually experience difficulties in getting along, usually trying to get over with the affair as soon as possible so that they can go back to their moment of solitude.

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Sleep Disorder • Compulsive internet users may experience sleep disorders. • This means that a person stays Sleep disorder awake when he is supposed to be sleeping, and either sleeps when he is supposed to be awake or does not sleep at all. • This will result in creating negative attitudes, lack of performance in study or work, lack of productivity and falling asleep at inappropriate times due to lack of rest and sleep. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Sleep Disorder Video: e_Care_V002 Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Compulsive Online Shopping Online shopping • Compulsive online shoppers buy things on Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI impulse, or spontaneously. They find themselves placing orders for things that they had not planned to buy earlier, or do not think is necessary. • Survey by Yankee Group (November, 2000) found 70% respondents admitted to being attracted to “special sale prices”, and 49% of respondents was the “free shipping” provided. • Ernst and Young (January, 2000) stated that 88% of impulse purchases were done because the items involved were offered at good price.

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Compulsive online Gambling Impulsive online gambling • Online gamblers spent more time gambling Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI online and drew themselves further away from their family and friends. They will cause themselves to loosen or break relationships. • They may even go to certain extreme measures such as stealing or borrowing money from loan sharks in order to be able to place a bet. This will place them in danger, and perhaps even their loved ones as well.

How are computer & Internet usages associated with social problems? Online Gaming Addiction Addictive online gaming • Some researches stated; single or multiplayer Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI online games are beneficial where players are required to think actively in order to solve a puzzle, or find a way to make decisions in a tight situation. They also learnt to be alert, active and figure out strategic moves in order to solve a problem or difficult situation. • However, online games can cause threats and negative effects such as wasting too much time and money, lack of productivity, the use improper language and spelling and swearing or using harsh words.

Best Practices Use Wisely Be smart • Print documents only when necessary. Read your documents on the screen, and if possible pass them to other using softcopies. • Purchase a monitor that does not consume so much power whilst it is inactive. • Switch off your computer rather than leaving it on standby if you need to leave it for a period of time. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Best Practice Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Best Practices.. Recycle Recycle • Used papers which are no longer needed should be collected and sent to recycling centres. If you are printing a test page, use the back of an old paper. • Recycle your old printer ink cartridges and toners. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How can you recycle or dispose of your computer equipment properly? • The production of a computer Hazardous metal involves metals and other health-hazardous substances such as toxic waste, which can pose a threat to our health. • The harmful metal include: • Mercury in fluorescent tubes • Cadmium in laptop batteries and energy sources • Lead in circuitry Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How can you recycle or dispose of your computer equipment properly? Donate Donate • If you feel like purchasing a new computer or laptop, do not keep your old one if you are not going to use it. • Instead, pass your computer to somebody who can benefit from it, or donate it to a local charity. Remember to physically damage the hard disk so that the new owners will not be able to retrieve its sensitive content. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

How can you recycle or dispose of your computer equipment properly? Local Recycle Centre Recycle Centre • If you cannot pass it to a local charity, or if your computer id damaged beyond repair or is no longer fit for use, the take it to the local recycling centre. • Make sure that you send it directly to the computer recycling section if it is possible. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

e-Accountability Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

The Beatles • The Beatles saved the world from boredom - George Harrison • BEATLEMANIA is a term that originated during the 1960s to describe the intense fan frenzy directed toward the Beatles during the early years of their success • The single “I Want To Hold Your Hand” entered US Charts on January 18, 1964 – sold 1.5 million copies in 3 weeks • Top Hits – Let it Be, Can’t buy me Love, Hey Jude, Yesterday, Yellow Submarine, All my Loving, Don’t Let me own, It’s a hard day’s night, Imagine.. • The great interest in The BEATLES brought major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the phenomenon known as The British Invasion. • Accountable for world Popular Music culture a.k.a ‘POP’ Music Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Accountable for ‘POP’ music culture Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

What are we learning here? • Definitely Not about Beatles….! • Its about e-Accountablility • Definitions • AUPs • Fair Use • Copyrights • Infringements and Consequences • Ethical vs Non-ethical use of Technology Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Content Outline • Discusses about the privileges and rights of Net users and the behavior that come with it • Electronic responsibility for actions and deeds • Appropriate vs Inappropriate • Legal vs Illegal • Ethical vs Unethical • Digital content creator and publisher • Accountability • Consequences Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Meaning ac·count·a·ble (adjective) ac·count·a·ble [ ə kówntəb'l ] • legal responsibility; liability; answerability 1. Liability 2. ac·count·a·ble (adjective) 3. responsible • responsible to somebody or for something • able to be explained • capable of being explained (formal) Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Definition… • A concept in ethics and governance • Synonymous with responsibility; answerability; blameworthiness; liability; expectation of account-giving Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

AUP – Acceptable Use Policy • E-Accountability is very much related to AUP • An acceptable use policy is a set of rules applied by owner or manager of a network, website or large computer systems that restrict the ways in which the site or network may be used • Written for corporations, businesses, universities, schools, ISP and website owners to protect against legal action by users and to enable some enforcement. • Once we have a policy, it starts to make everyone Accountable! Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

What is AUP • Statement of Philosophy • Uses and advantages of the service and facility • Code of conduct • Consequences of violating • issue warnings: written or verbal • suspend the Member's newsgroup posting privileges • suspend the Member's account • terminate the Member's account • bill the Member for administrative costs and/or reactivation charges • bring legal action to enjoin violations and/or to collect damages, if any, caused by violations. • Consent Letters • Disclaimers Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Ask yourselves these… • What is an acceptable use policy (AUP)? • Purpose of AUP? • Are there any tardy policies in your schools policy? • Why must schools/organization have AUP? • What is the acceptable use policy in your school/organization? Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Examples of AUP.. USAF Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 1 Whatever you do online is most likely traceable! – Digital Footprint Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 2 No AUPs makes it difficult to enforce action against indiscipline Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Fair Use • Fair use is a doctrine in US Copyright Law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as for commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching or scholarship Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Common misunderstanding • Any use that seems fair is fair use. • Fair use interpretations, once made, are static forever. • If it's not fair use, it's copyright infringement • It's copyrighted, so it can't be fair use • Acknowledgment of the source makes a use fair • Noncommercial use is invariably fair • Strict adherence to fair use protects you from being sued • The lack of a copyright notice means the work is public domain • It's okay to quote up to 300 words. • You can deny fair use by including a disclaimer • If you're selling for profit, it's not fair use Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Fair use criteria 1. The purpose and character of the use – commercial nature or for nonprofit educational purposes 2. The nature of the copyrighted work 3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used 4. The effect of the use on potential market or value of, the copyrighted work Cases: http://www.chillingeffects.org/fairuse/ http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-fairuse.html http://fsnews.findlaw.com/cases/6th/04a0297p.html Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Copyrights • Copyright is the set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. • Lasts for a certain time period after which the work is said to enter the public domain. • Applies to a wide range of works that are substantive and fixed in a medium. • Some jurisdictions also recognize \"moral rights\" of the creator of a work, such as the right to be credited for the work. • Copyright is described under the umbrella term intellectual property along with patents and trademarks. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 3 Citations, acknowledgements or permission from owners prevent from legal actions

Copyright Infringement • Also known as copyright violation is the unauthorized or prohibited use of works covered by copyright law, • violates one of the copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works. An advertisement for copyright and • For electronic and audio-visual patent preparation services from 1906 media, unauthorized reproduction and distribution is also commonly referred to as piracy Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Plagiarism • The \"use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.” • Within academia, plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered academic dishonesty or academic fraud • offenders are subject to academic censure, up to and including expulsion. • Plagiarism is not the same as copyright infringement Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Types of plagiarism • Online Plagiarism • Copying and pasting • Self Plagiarism • Recycling fraud • Oxymoron or Self Contradictory Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 4 Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 4… Thailand, 2003 • Ukrainian man, Maksym Vysochansky was arrested by Crime Suppression Division (CSD) police and US Secret Service agents. • He was on the US Secret Service’s most-wanted list as he is said to have pirated the software and then sold copies on several channels on the World Wide Web. • Head of the US Secret Service in Thailand said his operations had caused over $1 billion in damage to the US software industry. • The US court had charged Vysochansky with criminal copyright infringement, trafficking in counterfeit goods, money laundering, conspiring to launder money, and possession of unauthorized access devices. Software Piracy is a Criminal act and its illegal. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 5 Piracy affects Economy and people Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Case Study 6 Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

World of Information ALWAYS DOUBLE CHECK your info Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

What do you think of WikiLeaks? Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Effects of WikiLeaks Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

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Accountable for Diplomatic Chaos? Good intentions DOES NOT ALWAYS bring Intended results Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Conclusion Content creator are ACCOUNTABLE for their digital content, effects and its consequences. • Digital world enhanced our responsibility and accountability for what ever action when using technology • The need to promote positive use of technology and the behavior that come with it • Electronic responsibility for actions and deeds • Digital content creator and publisher need to understand the rules, the accepted behavior, the exposure and consequences one need to deal wrt. information superhighways • The importance of having knowledge on AUPs, copyrights, plagiarism, piracy, cybercrime and its infringement effects. Ts. MOHD HATTA BIN HJ MOHAMED ALI @ MD HANI

Thank You

TKEARISMIHA