51
52
“If the scroll has been made in accordance with the astrological sign of the client, the angel can be the guardian angel corresponding to this sign.” (Mercier, J. 1979:40) Guardian Angel with unsheathed sword. 53
Gätsä säb’e on the center of eight-pointed star surrounded by astrologicals designs. 54
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Four-pointed stars linked by a network of concentraic circles and crossed lines. 57
7. gätsä säb’e talisman Parchment H. 134 cm; W. 11 cm Estimated period: 20th century 58
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Gätsä säb’e on the center of eight-pointed star surrounded by protective eyes set on flower petals shape. 61
8. Guardian Angel Parchment H. 171,5 cm; W. 10 cm Estimated period: 19th century - 20th century 62
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64
“Prayers are written in charcoal black ink, while Holy Trinity names and tit- les are written in red ink. Inks are sometimes enhanced with ritually powerful plants or sacrificial blood to increase their effectiveness”. 65
9. Guardian Angel Parchment H. 180,5 cm; W. 13 cm Estimated period: 19th century 66
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Two-faces character surrounded by snakes. 69
A gätsä säb’e -face of a person- is represented in the central rectangle. 70
71
10. Susenyos Legend Parchment H. 200 cm; W. 20 cm Estimated period: 18th century - 19th century C-14 test by CIRAM. Nº0720-OA-343B-2 72
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Importan ethiopian saint, Gäbrä Mänfäs Qedus (left) and guardian angel with unsheathed sword. 75
Talisman and guardian Angel stabbing a horned demon. 76
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11. Guardian Angel Parchment H. 193 cm; W. 15,5 cm Estimated period: 18th century - 19th century C-14 test by CIRAM. Nº0720-OA-310B-4 78
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Cross composed of five humans heads, and one eye in each corner. 81
Animals profile pictures laying in two levels. 82
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84
“Legend describes him as riding on a lion. According to a widespread belief in Ethiopia, the large wild animals are the mounts or the property of zar spirits and saints.” (Mercier, J. 1979:73) Abba Samuel on his lion. He was a hermit in the time of Emperor David I (1482-1511). 85
Ceremonial cross. Sun with human face and other astrologicals signs. 86
87
12. Guardian Angel Parchment H. 191 cm; W. 13 cm Estimated period: 20h century 88
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Talisman composed of twelve squares with two gätsä säb’e. 91
Bibliographic References
- Boylston, T. The Shade of the Divine Approaching the Sacred in an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Community. London School of Economics and Political Science. 2012. - Crummey, D. Land and Society in the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia. University of Illinois Press, and Oxford, James Currey, 2000. - de Ménonville, S. Approaching the debtera in context Socially reprehensible emotions and talismanic treatment in contemporary Northern Ethiopia. Cahiers d’études africaines, 2018/3 (n° 231-232), p. 1001-1028. - Els tresors del país de la reina de Sabà. L’art cristià d’Etiòpia. Fundació Caixa de Girona. Girona, 2001. - Ethiopian Art. The Walters Art Museum. Third Millennium Publishing, Baltimore, 2001. - Éthiopie d’aujourd’hui, la terre et les hommes. Musée de l’Homme, París, 1975. - Ethiopian Icons. Catalogue of the Collection of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies Addis Ababa University. Skira, Milano, 2000. - Éthiopie Millenaire, prehistoire et art religieux. Petit Palais. Les Presses Artistiques, París, 1974. - Fogg, S. Art of Ethiopia. London, 2005. - Fogg, S. Ethiopian Art. London, 2001. - Grierson, R.; Heldman, M. and Munro-Hay, S.C. African Zion: The Sacred Art of Ethiopia. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1993. - Kaiteris, C. Déroulement de l’Ange. Rouleaux Magiques Éthiopiens. L’Archange Minotaure, France, 2005. - Kaplan, S. The Social and religious functions of the Eucharist in Medieval Ethiopia. In: Annales d’Ethiopie. Vol. 19. Centre Français des Études Éthiopiennes, Paris, 2003. p. 7-18. - Le roi Salomon et les maîtres du regard. Art et médecine en Éthiopie. Éditions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, París, 1992. - Lulat, Y. G-M. A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present. Preager Publisers, E.U.A. 2005. - Mercier, Jacques. Art That Heals: The Image as Medicine in Ethiopia. Prestel, Nueva York, 1997. - Mercier, Jacques. Ethiopian Magic Scrolls. G. Braziller, Nueva York, 1979. - Meyer, M. and Mirecki, P. Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World. Brill, Leiden, 2002. - Munro-Hay, S. Ethiopia and Alexandria. The Metropolitan Episcopacy of Ethiopia. Bibliotheca Nubica et Aethiopica, Warszawa. 1997. - Pavanello, M. Perspective on African Witchcraft. Routledge Ed. London, 2019. - Schirripa, P. Competing Orders of Medical Care in Ethiopia. From Traditional Healers to Pharmaceutical Companies. Lexington Books, London. Trans. By Ciaran Durkan. 2019 - Tamane, G. Features of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Clergy. In: Asian and African Studies. Institute Oriental and African studies, Bratislava. 1998. p. 87-110. - Tamrat, T. Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1972.
SPECIAL THANKS TO: • Françoise Barrier • Besepa Tekalegn • CIRAM team • Wilfried Glar • Deborah Glasser • Elena Martínez-Jacquet • Jacques Mercier • Claudia Serra • Sevette Family • van Rijn Family As well as all those that we will have forgotten or who preferred to remain anonymous.
EXHIBITON ORGANISED ON THE OCCASION OF PARCOURS DES MONDES 2020 SEPTEMBER 8 TO 13 Curator: David Serra Coordination: Ivan Serra and Mercedes Taravilla Editor: David Serra-Fine Tribal Art Photography: Guillem F-H (artworkphoto.eu) David Serra (field photos) Raphaël Sevette (field photo p. 19) Traductions: English - Patrick Bones French - Françoise Barrier Desing and Layaout: Ivan Serra Printer: Gràfiques Ortells S.L. (www.ortells.net) DAVID SERRA - FINE TRIBAL ART Avda. Sant Joan, 2 08198 Sant Cugat del Vallés Barcelona, España T +34 667 525 597 | +34 667 525 595 e-mail: [email protected] www.davidserra,es 2020 Etnic Kumbi Saleh scp. All rights reserved.
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