Combat Aircraft - October 2019

The FAMET rotary The three Afghan HAPs had been back have gone within a decade of having HAP TO HAD family, led by from Afghanistan for just over a year entered service. a Tiger with an when the first two improved-standard The first six Spanish Tigers were NH90 and a HAD-E helicopters arrived at Almagro. Combat-ready delivered in HAP standard, with the CH‑47D. A total of 17 are now there, with one aim for them to be upgraded later example remaining in the Airbus The Tiger HADs have proved to be to their ultimate configuration. The Helicopters facilities at Albacete for capable and extremely popular. ‘It’s a HAPs were initially sent to the Airbus development work on future standards. powerful and solid aircraft,’ Captain Jorge facility in Albacete to be improved Plans to upgrade the original six HAPs Alfonso Lacort Chasco told Combat to HAP/E (España) standard. HAPs to HAD configuration were abandoned Aircraft. He’s well placed to comment, 1, 2 and 3 needed extensive work on cost grounds — when they each having already clocked up more than — for example, they were not able reach a deep overhaul interval, they 1,000 flying hours on the type. He was to employ Mistral air-to-air missiles. are removed from service and stored. one of the first pilots to be trained on the HAPs 4 and 5 were a little more Today only one or two remain active Tiger and is now the chief instructor at evolved when they were delivered, and it is expected that they will all BHELA I. ‘We train our pilots in-house with and thus required less work, while a fixed flight trainer unit and a full flight HAP 6 was delivered in full HAP/E fit. www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 101

RFOERPCOERTRESPTYOLRET////FSEPAATNUIRSEHNBATMTELEFIELD SUPPORT Right page: simulator,’ he explained. ‘A new pilot can 102 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net A fabulous be qualified on the Tiger after 30 hours head-on shot of [of simulator time] and a similar number an NH90 during of hours of live flight. The pilot is then operations with qualified as ‘combat-ready one’ and can ground forces. fly day and night missions using all of the The item under Tiger’s weapons. After 500 flying hours the nose is of experience, the pilot can be judged as the Honeywell being ‘combat-ready two’, a qualification weather radar. that is obtained after a six-month course. Left top to bottom: The next qualification is that of instructor.’ Service personnel work with Airbus The main offensive strength for the Helicopters Spanish Tiger HAD lies in the Spike experts to learn ER missile from Israel-based defense the complexities technology company Rafael, with a of the new range with a range of up to five miles equipment. (8km). The missile features an optical The two pilots camera to enable the crew to modify wear the Thales the missile’s trajectory until the last TopOwl binocular seconds before impact. With this lock- helmet-mounted on-after-launch guidance mode, the display and sight. missile can track its target once in flight. A rear crew It also has a fire-and-forget mode where member mans the target must be identified by the the door gun as missile’s infra-red seeker. The Spike ER the NH90 flashes was tested by Spain in September 2008 along at low level. with seven launches; five were used to test the separation with the helicopter in stationary and in advancing flight, while a further two tested the range. Heavy guns The FAMET has teamed the Tiger with its new NH90, the HT.29 in Spanish classification. Spain ordered a total of 22 NH90s in 2006 — a marked reduction from the 45 originally planned — comprising 16 TTHs (Tactical Transport Helicopters) for the FAMET and six for the air force, the latter using the aircraft for search and rescue and VIP transport. Last November, Spain agreed to order an additional 23 examples: another 10 for the army, six for the air force and seven for the navy. All of these helicopters should be delivered before the end of 2028. There is talk of a third buy to replace the last Cougars and Super Pumas in Spanish service. Unlike the French NH90s, the Spanish helicopters are powered by General Electric CT7 engines, offering power equivalent to the Safran Helicopter Engines RTM322 in the French aircraft. BHELMA III (Batallón de Helicópteros de Maniobra III) at Agoncillo, near the town of Logroño, has to date received 12 NH90s (however, the first remains with Airbus Helicopters for future developments). They were delivered with 12.7mm machine guns for self- protection, and as the guns occupy a

www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 103

FORCE REPORT // SPANISH BATTLEFIELD SUPPORT large area of the side doors, embarkation protection systems. The previous III ying all three types of helicopters and disembarkation of troops is examples will be upgraded between — ‘Huey’, Cougar and Caïman — achieved through the rear ramp. 2020 and 2023, when they reach 600 simultaneously for a few months. The Acceptance tests have also begun with ‘Hueys’ were retired in August 2018 and MAG58 7.62mm machine guns in the ying hours. the Cougars have now been transferred FAMET NH90s. Lt Col Magin Alvarez Arribas, the to other units. unit commander, said, ‘The arrival of Complex transition the NH90 has represented a real step The issue of military airworthiness forward for the FAMET and for BHELMA led BHELMA III to devote signi cant The 13th Spanish NH90 will be delivered III that ew the Cougar and UH-1 ‘Huey’ e orts to set up new logistics and this year, a big milestone as it’s the rst before. This is truly a new-generation maintenance concepts, but with a good that will be handed over in Standard aircraft with electric ight controls, deal of experience now under its belt 2 con guration with the latest self- composite structure and advanced it is turning towards the prospect of avionics. We started to prepare the operational use. FAMET Cougars and battalion two years before the arrival of Chinooks are currently deployed to Taji, the NH90. We sent pilots and mechanics Iraq, and NH90s could potentially step to the French Centre de Formation into this role at any time. Interarmées [CFIA] in Le Luc and some mechanics even received some further training with Airbus Helicopters in Marignane.’ The transition was complex, with BHELMA 104 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net

TRHUEGGED CHINOOK The FAMET has been a Chinook Above: operator since the early 1970s, An NH90 TTH when it received its rst CH-47Bs, and CH-47D fly which were followed by 13 CH-47C. together during The survivors (17 aircraft in 2019) training. When have all been upgraded to CH-47D the FAMET standard and they y with BHELTRA upgrades to V at Colmenar Viejo near Madrid. the CH-47F, the The Chinooks have been operating NH90s will most in Afghanistan, from Qual-e-naw in likely assume Herat, in support of ISAF. Afghanistan some of their is always challenging due to the operational roles. terrain, the ever-present dust and the Left: high temperatures. The Chinook’s A fabulous shot performance is further hampered of two NH90s at by almost a ton of additional armor work in the San plating. Improved Honeywell Gregorio exercise 55-GA-714A engines and increased area. fuel capacity has helped them signi cantly. Newly built CH-47Fs will start replacing the CH-47D in 2021. In order to prepare for the transition from the D to the F-model, BHELTRA V will reduce its operational tempo at the end of 2020. www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 105

GOING HIGH-END A 90th FS ‘Dicemen’ F-22A Raptor takes off from RAAF Base Amberley during ‘Talisman Sabre 2019’. ADF/Cpl Jesse Kane 106 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net

The Australian Defence Force is aiming for high-end capabilities by engaging in an increasing range of demanding exercises, and the latest ‘Talisman Sabre’ underscored this progress. REPORT Jaryd Stock T‘ ALISMAN SABRE’IS an exercise and this has spurred robust training with that is growing in stature. The a collection of allies in complex threat 2019 iteration was the largest scenarios never experienced before. This to date, bringing together kind of high-end warfare is what the the Royal Australian Air Force RAAF is striving to gain competency in (RAAF) alongside US Air Force, and, to achieve it, regular training and US Navy and US Marine Corps assets to continuous co-operation is required. ‘ ght’ collectively against a simulated enemy, in order to gain and maintain air During ‘Talisman Sabre 2019’ these superiority in a high-end confrontation. partners worked closely with long-time As Col Brian ‘Barley’ Baldwin, 13th allies such as New Zealand, Canada and Air Expeditionary Group commander debut participants Japan, all teaming (representing the USAF in this exercise) up to penetrate ‘hostile’ airspace as explained to Combat Aircraft, ‘The US well as protecting ‘friendly’ ships and Air Force is a product of its own success. setting the conditions for the ground Over the past two decades, we have forces to ensure domination in a multi- own relatively [unimpeded] in the domain ght. skies above our forces.’ However, as the Indo-Paci c region is increasingly RAAF Gp Capt Stephen Chappell becoming an area full of competitors, is RAAF Amberley’s ‘TS19’ task unit dominating the skies is not guaranteed, commander. He said, ‘Over the past few weeks, our air forces’ training focused on e ectively ghting for and gaining Royal Australian Air Force Gp Capt Stephen Chappell and USAF Col Brian Baldwin, 13th Air Expeditionary Force commander. Jaryd Stock www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 107

EXERCISE REPORT// TALISMAN SABRE IIs from VMFA-121 ‘Green Knights’ on Left: board the USS Wasp (LHD 1) flew as GaardTech control of the air and electromagnetic part of the Expeditionary Strike Group, Targets spectrum, with the goal of simulating securing high-level airspace above worked with strike weapons on both land and the combat area. It was interesting to the Australian maritime enemy assets as part of the note that a US Coast Guard cutter had Defence Force exercise scenario. Combat operations been added to the Wasp strike group (ADF) to build a will grow in complexity and our training in what was dubbed an ‘up-gunned’ realistic full-size continues to evolve to meet this presence, allowing the Raleigh-Burke mock-up of a challenge.’ class destroyer to work with the F-35s, missile launch the aircraft providing situational vehicle, which New developments awareness and target information to the was set up in the destroyer to utilize against surface and Shoalwater Bay One of several ‘firsts’ for ‘Talisman Sabre’ air combatants. Training Area. The this year saw F-22 Raptors taking part, target contains a these examples coming from the 90th The RAAF and partner F-35 operators heating system Fighter Squadron (FS) at Joint Base continued to develop a common that creates Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska. In understanding regarding the survivability a long-lasting fact, fifth-generation fighters were very heat signature much in evidence as F-35B Lightning so participants can use thermal Four F/A-18As of No 77 sensors to detect Squadron join the tanker for and engage the refueling during ‘Talisman target. ADF/Sgt Sabre’. Jaryd Stock Glen McCarthy Middle: The amphibious assault ship HMAS Canberra (L 02), top left, with the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76), the amphibious assault ship USS Wasp (LHD 1), and the Japanese helicopter destroyer JS Ise (DDH 182), bottom left. US Navy/ MCS2C Kaila V. Peters 108 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net

Above: and detectability of its fourth and fifth- allowed our combined and joint forces scenarios against near-peer competitors, A ‘Dicemen’ generation aircraft and advanced the to focus on countering a denied air and where freedom of movement in the air Raptor eases integration between air and maritime maritime environment. and at sea is not guaranteed. In high- out from the forces in a denied environment. Baldwin end warfare, joint, combined forces will flight line at said that ‘Talisman Sabre 19’ provided, ‘Going forward, in future ‘Talisman have to fight to own the airspace above Amberley. ‘the ideal platform for the US Air Force, Sabre’ iterations, we intend to further the land and sea, as well as collectively Jaryd Stock US Navy and RAAF to integrate air and progress made here by advancing the penetrating denied air and maritime Below: sea operations to train for the high-end interoperability between combined air spaces with an orchestra of well-trained, An F/A-18F fight’. He added, ‘Although the USAF and force and navy capabilities to ensure we tried and tested, air power assets that from VFA-102 US Navy train together in many other can collectively access any denied space.’ integrate seamlessly across services ‘Diamondbacks’ exercises in the region, this iteration of and cultures to dominate rapidly in is marshaled ‘Talisman Sabre’ was unique because it ‘Talisman Sabre 19’ can be defined as all domains. into position the partner forces collectively working aboard the USS to develop and evolve training for Ronald Reagan (CVN 76). US Navy/MCS2C Janweb B. Lagazo www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 109

DISPATCHES FROM THE FRONT LINE The Project Mosquito’s capabilities could include over Yuma, Arizona, on June 11, 2019. The 29ft- OF AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY swarming.‘The swarm will hunt for enemy radar long, jet-powered drone ‘successfully completed and missile systems and then cue our other all test objectives during a 71-minute ight’, the BY DAVID AXE aircraft to avoid or destroy them’, the defense Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) announced. ministry said. ROYAL AIR The Valkyrie is part of a wider US Air Force FORCE EYES LANCA aims to deliver‘dramatic reductions e ort to acquire fast, stealthy, armed drones that WINGMAN DRONESHE ROYAL AIR Force is considering in traditional cost and development timeline’s, can y and ght alongside manned ghters. according to o cial documentation. A single F-35 acquiring wingman drones to manned ghter today costs around $100 million. Boeing’s Australian subsidiary unveiled the accompany manned ghters in combat. so-called Airpower Teaming System at the The RAF views a fast, armed wingman drone as Australian International Airshow at Avalon in Buying inexpensive but highly capable an a ordable way to add mass to its ghter force. February 2019. The most striking part of the new The UK air arm in mid-2019 operates just 119 system is a 38ft-long, jet-powered drone that Tunmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in large Boeing said could carry weapons and sensors numbers could help the RAF to add ghters, the lowest number in its history. and y as far as 2,000 miles — all while being ‘volume’to its over-stretched forces. ‘Volume is the key part to this [swarming UAV more a ordable than a $100-million manned jet. concept]’, Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Hillier told The RAF in July 2019 announced the Lightweight reporters at the Air and Space Power Conference. China and Japan also are working on wingman A ordable Novel Combat Aircraft (LANCA), ‘We have great capabilities in the RAF, but not drones. A mock-up or prototype of China’s 30ft- codename‘Project Mosquito’. much of it. This mass is what constantly concerns long Dark Sword drone rst appeared in public me — we need to create more targets in the air; in an undated photo that circulated online LANCA‘will produce a preliminary system design we need to grow mass.’ in mid-2018. for an unmanned air vehicle and assessment of the The shrinking of the British ghter eet has key risk areas and cost-capability trade-o s for an happened even faster than observers predicted Japan revealed its own Combat Support operational concept’, the UK’s Ministry of Defence just a few years ago. And it could be years before Unmanned Aircraft wingman drone concept in stated.‘Initial ight test of the demonstrator air the force signi cantly grows again. a technology roadmap that Aviation Week rst vehicle could take place as early as 2022.’ As of June 2019, the RAF had 102 Typhoons published in late 2016. and 17 F-35B stealth ghters in seven front-line squadrons. The last squadron of 1980s-vintage Wingman drones could change the way Tornado strike aircraft disbanded in March 2019. major air forces ght, according to Peter W. The RAF’s 119 ghters represent a 40 per cent Singer, author of Wired for War. ‘The idea of a reduction compared to the air force’s eet in 2007. robot wingman is that it can keep pace with That year, the RAF possessed a little more than 200 manned planes, but be tasked out for parts of Tornados, Jaguars and Typhoons. In 1989 the RAF the mission that you wouldn’t send a human possessed around 850 ghters including Tornados, teammate to do.’ Jaguars, Phantoms, Harriers and Buccaneers. The United Kingdom isn’t alone in developing Project Mosquito has two planned phases. wingman drones. The US Air Force’s XQ-58 After the 12-month rst element, part two will Valkyrie drone took o for its second test ight select up to two of the o ered solutions to mature the designs, complete manufacturing of a technology demonstrator and conclude with ight-testing. An official computer-generated impression of a UK F-35B controlling a ‘swarm’ of unmanned aerial vehicles of the type that could be developed under the LANCA program. Dstl 110 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net

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FLASHBACK // CH-54A 112 October 2019 // www.combataircraft.net

Assigned to the OVER THE PAST few decades the Nevada National US military in particular has Guard at Stead Field, aggressively tried to replace Reno, CH-54A serial specialized mission aircraft with 68-18436 is seen here on those more capable of multi- September 8, 1984, about to role functions. However, past complete the mission of airlifting force structures allowed the procurement of F-100D serial 56-3288 from Mather narrowly focused inventories for specific roles. AFB east of Sacramento, California, to McClellan AFB, a distance of about seven The US Army operated an excellent example miles. CH-54A 68-18436 would be converted to of a specialized mission aircraft — the Sikorsky S-64E standard as registration N4099L for the fire- CH-54 Tarhe. Better known as the‘Skycrane’, the fighting role by Erickson and it has recently been sold CH-54 first flew in May 1962 and it was the army’s to the Korean Forestry Service as registration FP-202. go-to helicopter for the heavy-lift role, with the ability to haul a load up to 20,000lb on an Jim Dunn external sling. The US Army procured some 105 CH-54s, many of which passed into civilian hands upon retirement from the military. Today, Oregon-based Erickson operates a large fleet of these helicopters under the designation S-64 Aircrane, having acquired the type certificate in 1992. It has taken ownership of nearly 30 S-64s and these have proved to be remarkably versatile for firefighting, logging as well as oil and gas industry support. It underscores how even types conceived for very specific roles can have diverse utility when in the right hands. www.combataircraft.net // October 2019 113

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