Aviation History - July 2016

TECH NOTES HUNTER AND THE HUNTED ZEPPELIN L54 ZEPPELIN L54 SOPWITH 2F1 The U-class L54 was a SHIPS CAMEL member of the “height- climber” family designed to OPPOSITE: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM (ABOVE) Q20627, (BELOW) Q80597; ILLUSTRATIONS: DON HOLLWAY SOPWITH 2F1 SHIPS CAMEL elude new high-performance Allied fighters. Operating The Ships Camel was the first foot fuselage was hinged GUNS: The 2F1 replaced one above enemy warplanes and seagoing fighter equal to any behind the cockpit, so the tail of the Camel’s two cowl- anti-aircraft fire, the height- contemporary land-based could be folded for stowage. mounted .303-inch Vickers ma- climbers had problems with aircraft. Captain Bernard The pilot’s stick was connected chine guns with an unsynchro- navigation above cloud Smart’s aircraft, thought to be to the elevator cables via nized .303 Lewis atop the upper cover and the effects of number N6755, wore a external control levers. Air bags wing—useful against zeppelins. oxygen deprivation and blue-and-white nose on the in the rear fuselage served as Later mounts let pilots elevate subzero temperatures. L60 Tondern Raid. The 2F1’s upper flotation gear. To facilitate the gun to aim upward and pull was of the V-class, similar in wing featured a reduced-width ditching at sea, the wheels it down to reload. dimensions and perform- center section, shortening the were reverse-mounted, with ance, but with 14 gas cells span by 13 inches to just under their convex sides in and flat BOMBS: The standard Camel (versus 18 in L54), deleted 27 feet, with steel tube rather inner hubs outward; when bombload was four 20-pound tail skid and other modifica- than wooden cabane struts and quick-release pins were pulled Cooper Mark II-A or 25-pound tions for simpler design and ropes to which ships cranes via cockpit cables, the airstream Mark II-B bombs, but on the weight savings. could hook and retrieve the across their convex sides blew Tondern Raid each plane airplane from the sea. The 18½- the wheels off the axles. instead carried two 49-pound DIMENSIONS: 645 feet Mark III bombs. long (18½-foot Ships Camel shown to scale), maximum diameter almost 80 feet, hydrogen capacity 1.97 million cubic feet, empty weight just under 28 tons, payload 43½ tons. ENGINES: Five Maybach MB.IVas, including two driving one propeller from the rear gondola, generating 1,300 total horsepower. PERFORMANCE: Maximum speed over 60 mph, maximum altitude above 18,000 feet, range over 5,500 nautical miles, bombload more than 3 tons. OPERATIONS: L54 first flew on August 13, 1917, and completed 31 missions, 27 under Captain Buttlar-Bran- denfels—including two over England, where it dropped more than 12,000 pounds of bombs. j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 4 9

FUNERAL PYRES with the Germans none the wiser. ment, Davies nevertheless gave the go-ahead. On “It was about a week before we were able to try the morning of July 19, at 0315 local time, about Smoke billows from 80 miles northwest of Tondern, Furious launched the Toska zeppelin again,” Davies wrote. “In the meantime practice seven Camels, in two waves, on their historic raid. shed after it took continued, Youlet [sic] improved rapidly and I Almost immediately they encountered trouble. at least three bomb agreed to put him back in the team.” Operation F.7 <PaVM¼[XTIVM[]‫ٺ‬MZMLMVOQVMXZWJTMU[IVLPM hits during the raid. commenced at 1203 hours on July 17, with Furious was forced to turn back and ditch. The rest sighted IKKWUXIVQMLJaÅ^MJI\\\\TM[PQX[WN \\PM[\\*I\\\\TM the Danish coast and followed it south, turning ;Y]ILZWVIVLÅ^MKZ]Q[MZ[WN \\PM\\P4QOP\\+Z]Q[MZ QVTIVLW‫<ٺ‬WVLMZV2IKS[WVQV\\PMTMIL[QOP\\ML ABOVE: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM Q47941; OPPOSITE ABOVE: HISTORYNET ARCHIVE; RIGHT: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM Q47940 Squadron, plus a destroyer escort—the world’s the target at approximately 0435. ÅZ[\\KIZZQMZ\\I[SNWZKM)\\UQLVQOP\\TMI^QVO\\PM dreadnoughts behind, Furious steamed as close as “While I was still half asleep I seemed to hear possible to the Danish coast, but before the Camels the whir and whiz of a propeller....It was not the could be launched another storm blew up. Rather note of a Zeppelin at all!” remembered Buttlar. than retreat yet again to port, the carrier and cruis- “…I jumped up and rushed to the window, from ers delayed 24 hours, sailing back and forth under which I could get a view of the whole aerodrome. the cover of the battleships, out of sight of land. Suddenly a shadow passed over our house, a few At nightfall, under threatening skies, Furious again yards above the roof, absurdly low....A British [\\MIUMLTIVL_IZLNWZIÅVITI\\\\MUX\\ aeroplane!” A\\<WVLMZV¹<PMM^MVQVO_I[ÅVMIVL <PI\\UIaPI^MJMMV,QKS[WV_PW[MÅZ[\\JWUJ clear,” Buttlar recalled. “…From the released from 700 feet, inadvertently landed in _QVLW_[WN UaÆI\\1KW]TL[MM\\PMIMZW- Tondern’s market square. Jackson, though, went drome, which was about half a mile straight for the immense double shed. At least away.” The smaller sheds were obsolete—Tobias three 50-pounders pierced its roof. Inside, almost held only a dirigible balloon and Toni was being 4 million cubic feet of hydrogen awaited only a dismantled—but the double shed, Toska, housed spark to ignite. two zeppelins, Buttlar’s L54 and the even newer L60, with almost 2 million cubic feet of hydrogen “My heart was in my mouth,” said Buttlar, who each, not to mention several tons of bombs waiting peddled a bicycle toward the fray. He saw Toska’s to be loaded. _QVLW_[TQOP\\]XNZWUQV[QLMIVLÅZMO][P\\PZW]OP the holes in its roof. Luckily for the Germans, in Out in the North Sea, Furious braved deterio- preparation for the day’s operations, the huge shed rating weather. “With the wind as it was,” Davies doors were open; the funeral pyres of the dying reckoned, “it seemed doubtful the Camels could zeppelins were able to escape rather than building get back to the ship after the attack. However… up inside. “In a terrible straight column, lit up with they would certainly have enough petrol to cross ÆIUM[\\PM[UWSMZW[M[Sa_IZLNZWU\\PM[PML°º the Danish frontier.” Facing the loss of his precious the captain continued. “Gruesomely beautiful it few carrier-trained pilots to drowning or intern- _I[\\PQ[OQIV\\ÆIUMWN [IKZQÅKMQV_PQKPW]ZL54 and L60 perished....I was cycling like mad toward 50 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

the aerodrome when suddenly a terrible thought “GRUESOMELY O]\\I\\[MI\\PMÆMM\\IV`QW][Ta_IQ\\MLNWZ\\PM ÆI[PML\\PZW]OPUaUQVL<PMPMI^aJWUJ[_MZM BEAUTIFUL ;PQX[+IUMT[\\WZM\\]ZV¹)\\TI[\\C\\PMaE [\\QTTQV\\PM[PML º)LM\\IKPUMV\\JZI^ML\\PMÆIUM[ IT WAS, THIS PW^MQV[QOP\\º,I^QM[TI\\MZZMKITTML¹IVL QV[QLM <W[SI \\W ZWTT \\PM [\\WZML JWUJ[¸[WUM GIANT FLAME TIVLML QV NIQZTa ZIXQL []KKM[[QWV VMIZ ITZMILaLIVOMZW][TaPW\\¸W]\\[QLM OF SACRIFICE \\PMLM[\\ZWaMZ[º IN WHICH OUR -Q\\PMZJaLM[QOVWZXWWZVI^QOI\\QWV;UIZ\\¼[ L54 AND L60 *]\\WVTa\\_W,QKS[WVX]\\LW_VI\\IVL ÆQOP\\IZZQ^MLUQV]\\M[IN\\MZ2IKS[WV¼[IVLVW\\ PERISHED.” _I[XQKSML]X;UIZ\\[XMV\\UQV]\\M[WV\\PM\\IQT NZWU [MI_IZL J]\\ NZWU \\PM MI[\\ QVTIVL <PMa WN PQ[JWJJQVOPITN[]VSMVXTIVMTW[QVOPQ[TQNM- NW]VL \\PM <WVLMZ V LMNMV[M[ VW_ _QLM I_ISM – CAPTAIN HORST VON JMT\\[_ITTW_QVOIOWWLJQ\\WN [MI_I\\MZIVLNMMTQVO ¹<PZMM))JI\\\\MZQM[KTW[M\\WOM\\PMZI\\\\ZIK\\MLUa BUTTLAR-BRANDENFELS ¹LWVMQVJa\\PM\\QUM\\PMJWI\\IZZQ^ML°\\PZMMIJTM I\\\\MV\\QWVºZMXWZ\\ML;UIZ\\¹°?PMVQVXW[Q\\QWV JWLQML[MIUMVKT]\\KPMLPWTLWN UMIVLPI]TML 1OI^M\\PM[QOVITIVLLQ^MLWV\\PMZMUIQVQVOTIZOM UMIJWIZLTQSMI[IKSWN ÆW]Zº [PMLC<WJQI[EZMTMI[QVOUaJWUJ[I\\ \\W NMM\\<PMÅZ[\\NMTT[PWZ\\J]\\\\PM[MKWVLPQ\\\\PMKMV- 6WW\\PMZ+IUMT[ZM\\]ZVML?QTTQIU[2IKS[WV \\ZMWN \\PM[PML[MVLQVO]XIY]IV\\Q\\aWN [UWSM IVL,I_[WVLMKQLML\\PMaLQLV¼\\PI^M\\PMOI[ WZL][\\º<PMLQZQOQJTMQV[QLM<WJQI[ÆIUML]X <PMaTIVLMLQV,MVUIZSIVL_MZMQV\\MZVMLJ]\\ )VW\\PMZJWUJ[\\Z]KSI_IOWVTWILML_Q\\PPaLZW- VW\\KTW[MTa_I\\KPML)TT\\PZMM[WWVM[KIXML\\W OMVKaTQVLMZ[J]\\NIQTML\\WM`XTWLM *ZQ\\IQVAM]TM\\\\M^QLMV\\TaUQ[R]LOMLPQ[N]MT[\\I\\][ ,Ia[TI\\MZPQ[ZMUIQV[IVL+IUMT_I[PML]XWVI ¹1V\\PMKMV\\ZMWN \\PMIMZWLZWUMQVNZWV\\WN \\PMQZ ,IVQ[PJMIKP0M_I[\\PMWVTaNI\\ITQ\\aQV\\PMI\\\\IKS P]\\UMV\\[\\PM[MIUMV_MZM[\\IVLQVO_Q\\PVW\\P- WVMQ\\PMZ[QLM QVOWVJ]\\\\PMQZ]VLMZOIZUMV\\[WZPITN VISML IVLÅZQVO_Q\\P\\PMQZZQÆM[I[PIZLI[\\PMaKW]TLº ¹)N\\MZPIVOQVOIJW]\\W‫\\ٺ‬PMKWI[\\]V\\QTY]Q\\M[]ZM ZMKW]V\\ML*]\\\\TIZ¹<PMaUQOP\\R][\\I[_MTTVW\\ \\PI\\\\PMZM[\\U][\\PI^MKWUMLW_V[WUM_PMZM_M PI^MJMMV\\PMZM<PM-VOTQ[PUMVKWV\\QV]MLKQZ- PWXMLQV,MVUIZSºZMXWZ\\ML,I^QM[¹_M[PIXML KTQVOZW]VL_Q\\PW]\\KTQUJQVOIVQVKPPQOPMZº KW]Z[MNWZ\\PM.WZ\\Pº5Q[[QWVIKKWUXTQ[PML 9]Q\\M\\PMKWV\\ZIZaIKKWZLQVO\\W;UIZ\\\"¹<PM ¹1[\\WWLNIKQVO\\PMJ]ZV\\W]\\_ZMKSWN Ua[PQXº _PWTM[]ZZW]VLQVO[_MZM\\PQKS_Q\\PUMKPIVQK[ *]\\\\TIZZMKITTMLWN \\PMKWTTIX[MLL]ZIT]UQV[SMT- WZ[WTLQMZ[IZUML_Q\\PZQÆM[IVLUIKPQVMO]V[ M\\WV[QV[QLM<W[SI¹1PIL_I\\KPMLUIVa[PQX[ _PQKPOI^M[WLQ[KWVKMZ\\QVOIÅZM\\PI\\1LQ^ML_Q\\P XMZQ[PJ]\\\\PQ[_I[\\PMÅZ[\\\\QUM1[I_UaW_V N]TTMVOQVM\\WNMM\\IVL[SQUUMLW^MZ\\PMOZW]VL LM[\\ZWaMLº0MKW]TLKW]V\\PQU[MTN T]KSa5W[\\ QVIbQObIOKW]Z[M\\WI^WQLQ\\IVLJa\\PM\\QUM1OW\\ LaQVObMXXMTQV[¼KZM_[J]ZVML_Q\\P\\PMUJ]\\I\\ KTMIZ1_I[]VIJTM\\W[MM\\PM[PML[WVIKKW]V\\WN  <WVLMZ V WVTa NW]Z UMV _MZM _W]VLML ¹<PM \\PM\\PQKS[KZMMVWN [UWSMNZWU\\PMÅZ[\\[PMLº I\\\\IKSPILJMMVKIZZQMLW]\\M`\\ZMUMTa[UIZ\\Ta IVLPILJMMVIVMV\\QZM[]KKM[[º*]\\\\TIZILUQ\\- 2IKS[WV,QKS[WVIVL?QTTQIU[_MZMTWVOOWVM \\ML¹<_WIQZ[PQX[PILJMMVKWUXTM\\MTaLM[\\ZWaML ;UIZ\\ NWTTW_ML ¹<PM KTW]L[ _MZM VW_ ^MZa and the airship base had been rendered harmless TW_IVLIOMVMZITPIbMUILM^Q[QJQTQ\\aJILºPM NWZ[WUMKWV[QLMZIJTM\\QUMº1VNIK\\<WVLMZV_I[ ZMXWZ\\ML¹°1[TW_MLLW_V\\W_IQ\\NWZ\\PMW\\PMZ[ \\PMZMIN\\MZWVTa][MLI[IVMUMZOMVKaTIVLQVOÅMTL J]\\IN\\MZLWQVOIKQZK]Q\\I\\[TW_[XMMLIVL_Q\\P[\\QTT )N\\MZ\\PMIZUQ[\\QKM\\PMJWZLMZKPIVOML#QV[\\MIL VW\\PQVOQV[QOP\\1LMKQLMLQ\\_I[QVIL^Q[IJTM\\W WN WVMWN \\PMVWZ\\PMZVUW[\\\\W_V[QV/MZUIVa wait longer as I had already been in the air nearly <WVLMZVJMKIUM<¦VLMZWVMWN \\PM[W]\\PMZV- \\_WPW]Z[IVL\\PM_QVLPILQVKZMI[MLº UW[\\\\W_V[QV,MVUIZS ZEPPELIN SKELETON <PM [MKZM\\ WN  \\PM IQZKZIN\\ KIZZQMZ _I[ W]\\ <PW]OPFurious launched no more raids during A German soldier surveys \\PM/ZMI\\?IZIN\\MZ_IZLQ\\_I[ZMJ]QT\\I[IN]TT the remains of L54 in the TMVO\\PÆI\\\\WX\\PMWVTaIQZKZIN\\KIZZQMZ\\W[MZ^MQV wake of the British raid. JW\\P_WZTL_IZ[*a\\PMVKIZZQMZ[PILZMXTIKML JI\\\\TM[PQX[I[\\PM[]XZMUM_MIXWVI\\[MI\\WLIa ZQ^ITMLWVTaJa\\PMJITTQ[\\QKUQ[[QTM[]JUIZQVM) Nimitz-class nuclear-powered supercarrier com- XZQ[M[VQVM[Y]ILZWV[WN ÅOP\\MZJWUJMZ[PMTQKWX- \\MZ[IVL[]XXWZ\\XTIVM[W^MZIQZKZIN\\ITT\\WTL UWZM\\PIVQV\\PMQV^MV\\WZaWN UIVaVI\\QWV[-IKP KIZZQMZQ[IUWJQTMIQZNWZKM\\PM]T\\QUI\\MKWUJQVI- \\QWVWN _IZ[PQXIVL_IZXTIVM¸WVMWN \\PM_WZTL¼[ WTLM[\\_MIXWV[IVL\\PMVM_M[\\ Frequent contributor Don Hollway recommends the websites tondernraid.com and zeppelin-museum.dk. For more text, images and video, visit donhollway.com/ tondernraid. j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 51



AUTOGIROS ATWAR HOW AN UNLIKELY AIRCRAFT HELPED WIN THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN BY BRUCE H. CHARNOV ROTARY THINKING RAF Coastal Command officers examine an Avro Rota I—a license-built version of the Cierva C.30A—used in British army cooperation work. j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 53

PRESSED INTO SERVICE Reginald Brie (in rear cockpit) flies a passenger in a privately owned C.30A. Attached to the RAF late in 1939, this autogiro had to be scrapped after it fell into the sea in October 1943. ¹:MOOQMº *ZQM PIL RWQVML “NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN thearmyin1914,andby1915 was serving as a gunner on the CONFLICT HAS SO MUCH BEEN Somme. Transferring to the Royal Flying Corps in 1917, OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW,” he gained a commission as an DECLARED WINSTON CHURCHILL observer with No. 104 Squad- ON AUGUST 16, 1940, ron, flying de Havilland D.H.9s. After being shot down over Germany in 1918, he while leaving a bunker at the Royal Air Force base at Uxbridge. became a prisoner until he That sentiment would form the basis of a memorable speech to was repatriated at Christmas. Parliament four days later, praising RAF Fighter Command’s Leaving active military service M‫ٺ‬WZ\\[QV\\PM*I\\\\TMWN *ZQ\\IQV<PMXZQUMUQVQ[\\MZ¼[_WZL[ZITTQML QV!*ZQM_I[ZMKITTML\\W *ZQ\\WV[I\\I\\QUM_PMV\\PMNI\\MWN \\PMQZVI\\QWV¸IVLWN -]ZWXM duty in the fall of 1939, largely I[I_PWTM¸P]VOQV\\PMJITIVKM)TUW[\\NWZOW\\\\MV[QVKM\\PMVQ[ due to his Autogiro experience that the “few” actually owed a great deal to the even fewer: the with Cierva. PREVIOUS PAGES: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM CH 5423; ALL IMAGES THESE PAGES: COURTESY OF BRUCE H. CHARNOV Autogiro pilots who had calibrated the Chain Home system, a *a \\PMV \\PM *ZQ\\Q[P PIL string of radar stations that warned the RAF of approaching adopted the Cierva C.30A, enemy aircraft. which featured a tilting rotor <PM*ZQ\\Q[PUQTQ\\IZaJMKIUMQV\\MZM[\\MLQV\\PM)]\\WOQZW operated by the pilot via a long invented by Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva, as early as control arm, greatly enhanc- 1925. After evaluations, however, the RAF found the perform- ing low-speed performance. ance of the Cierva C.19 Mk. III unacceptable due to its poor The RAF envisioned two control at low airspeeds. In 1933, when the Cierva Autogiro distinct roles for the C.30A: +WUXIVa¼[KPQMN XQTW\\IVLÆaQVOUIVIOMZ:MOQVITL)+*ZQM army cooperation (liaison) demonstrated the improved C.19 Mk. IV during annual army and naval functions. The maneuvers at Salisbury, authorities began to envision a possible Air Ministry had ordered 10 military role for rotorcraft. C.30As, designated as the 54 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

Rota I, for the former task on sulting in rotor damage. Those TECH NOTES July 9, 1934, later ordering XZWJTMU[ TML \\W ILLQ\\QWVIT \\_WVI^ITUWLMT[_Q\\PÆWI\\[ research, including wind- designated Rota IIs. tunnel testing of a model at \\PM6I\\QWVIT8Pa[QKIT4IJWZ I <PMÅZ[\\:W\\I[_MZMJ]QT\\ \\WZaIVLQV!I\\+PITIQ[ ]VLMZ TQKMV[M Ja )^ZW IVL Meudon outside Paris. OQ^MV\\PM\\aXMV]UJMZ 1V ;MX\\MUJMZ ! .TQOP\\ <PM:).UILMVWN]Z\\PMZ 4\\[ ? 0]UJTM IVL :0 efforts to acquire additional Haworth-Booth trained on Rota Is, relying instead on \\PM+)\\PMV_MZMI[[QOVML TQOP\\IQZKZIN\\NWZWJ[MZ^I\\QWV I[ QV[\\Z]K\\WZ[ I\\ \\PM :). communication and recon- ;KPWWTWN )ZUa+WWXMZI\\QWV naissance. But the Rota I I\\7TL;IZ]U*a6W^MUJMZ ZMUIQVMLQV\\PM:).QV^MV-  [Q` :W\\I[ PIL JMMV tory at Old Sarum, seemingly accepted for service. The new _Q\\PW]\\ILMÅVMLZWTM<PI\\ )]\\WOQZW¼[WJ^QW][XW\\MV\\QIT would change in 1939 with NWZZMKWVVIQ[[IVKMIVLWJ[MZ- the onset of war. vation prompted the War 7‫ٻ‬KM\\W[\\WX][QVO\\M\\PMZML :MOOQM*ZQMÆaQVOI+) WJ[MZ^I\\QWVJITTWWV[ under contract with Cierva, played a key role while at- *a;MX\\MUJMZ!*ZQ\\ tached to No. 24 Communi- IQV¼[ [Q` :W\\I[¸VW_ _Q\\P KI\\QWV[;Y]ILZWVQVKITQJZI\\- \\ZIQVML XQTW\\[¸I[[]UML I QVO*ZQ\\IQV¼[VM_+PIQV0WUM UQTQ\\IZaZWTMQV\\PMKWUJQVML ZILIZ <PM )]\\WOQZW PIL I :).IZUa _IZ OIUM[ J]\\ special aerial attached to a with limited success. While the KITQJ ZI\\QVOZILQW\\ZIV[UQ\\\\MZ authorities had originally installed under the direction I[[QOVML\\PM)]\\WOQZW[QV\\MZ of Bernhard B. Kinsey of unit communications, artil- +IUJZQLOM=VQ^MZ[Q\\a*ZQM¼[ TMZa WJ[MZ^I\\QWV IVL ZMKWV- initial assignment was to cali- VIQ[[IVKML]\\QM[\\PM+)¼[ JZI\\MIUIQVPQOPTM^MTZILIZ performance under actual [\\I\\QWVQV\\PM,W^MZIZMIJa JI\\\\TMNQMTL KWVLQ\\QWV[ TMN\\ flying in tight circles over U]KP\\WJMLM[QZML<PM\\_W known points while the station [MI\\MZIQZKZIN\\XW_MZMLJaI took readings. His success led PX )Z U[\\ZWVO;QLLMTMa \\W\\PMKZMI\\QWVQV2]Ta!WN  /MVM\\ 5IRWZ 1) MVOQVM specialized units dedicated ZMY]QZMLI\\ISMW‫ٺ‬Z]VWN  XZQUIZQTa\\WZILIZKITQJZI\\QWV NMM\\IVL[]‫ٺ‬MZMLNZWUOZW]VL resonance when landing on Having finally found a rough terrain, sometimes re- ^Q\\ITZWTMNWZ\\PM)]\\WOQZW\\PM British military also requi- KEY TO CONTROL The C.30A/Rota I (shown at top being rolled out for a radar calibration mission) featured a long control arm attached to a tilting rotor mount (illustrated above) that gave pilots direct control over the Autogiro’s movements and greatly improved low-speed handling. AUTOGIRO EXPERT Brie with the C.19 Mark IVP, the first Cierva fitted with mechanical rotor spin-up drive, in 1933. j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 5 5

SILENT SENTINELS ALL THAT STOOD ticipated in evaluating and IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM CH 12174 Radar receiver towers, part buying Sikorsky helicopters. of the Chain Home system BETWEEN NORMAN that the Rotas calibrated, With Brie unavailable, 529 stand watch at Woody Bay HILL AND CERTAIN Squadron was commanded on the Isle of Wight. by another Cierva veteran, SHOOTDOWN WERE Sqd. Ldr. Alan Marsh, whom sitioned civilian C.30As. Along with the Rota Is, these were Brie had gotten transferred assigned to eight radio servicing units as part of No. 74 (Signals) THE AUTOGIRO’S from Farnborough as his suc- Wing, administratively attached to No. 19 Fighter Squadron cessor. The squadron was dis- at Duxford. Those units were later consolidated into No. 1448 CAPABILITIES. banded on October 20, 1945, Rota Calibration Flight, based at RAF Hendon, Odiham with the Rota pilots having and Duxford. This mixed squadron of Autogiros and Bristol causing the Rota to slow and accumulated a total of 9,141 Blenheim Mk. IVs was initially commanded by Flight Lt. M.J.B. flare upward. The German ÆaQVOPW]Z[)\\Q\\[XMIS! Stoker and later by Brie, who was subsequently promoted to passed harmlessly overhead. had 17 C.30s in service. wing commander. Pilot strength was slowly increased by adding Hill then pushed the stick hard experienced civilian Autogiro pilots. In June 1943, the Autogiros to port, and the Rota turned Brie would be awarded Brit- _MZMWZLMZML\\W6W!;Y]ILZWV\\PM:).¼[ÅZ[\\WXMZI\\QWVIT and dived toward the ground, ish Helicopter License No. 1. ZW\\IZa_QVO]VQ\\ÆaQVONZWU0IT\\WVIVL+ZIbQM[0QTTVMIZ a maneuver the German pilot A founding member of the Henley-on-Thames. declined to follow. Helicopter Society of Britain and American Helicopter FTQOP\\7‫ٻ‬KMZ6WZUIV0QTT¼[UQ[[QWVWV2]Ta! But as Hill struggled to re- Society, he received the Royal was to calibrate CHF (Chain Height Find) Rye3 Coastal gain control of the rotorcraft, Aeronautical Society Silver Radar. His task included orbiting about a dozen marks now locked in a steep dive, a Medal for Aeronautics while on land and sea. Special markers were dropped before- second Fw-190 appeared. leading the Helicopter Ex- hand for the sea runs, and the pilots were required to maintain Again Hill’s skills and the perimental Unit of British the smallest possible orbit around those markers for a period of Rota’s maneuvering capabil- European Airways in 1947. three to six minutes at altitudes of 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 feet, ity saved the day: This time He later joined Westland, while a “squegger” transmitted signals to the radar stations. he turned directly toward the where he planned and over- ÅOP\\MZXZM[MV\\QVO\\PM[UITTM[\\ saw the commissioning of the The sun was setting late that afternoon as Hill was completing XW[[QJTMXZWÅTM\\W\\PMI\\\\IKS- Battersea Heliport. PQ[ÅVITKITQJZI\\QWVM`MZKQ[M0MXI[[ML\\PZW]OP[WUMLQ[\\]ZJML ing aircraft—and likely sur- air, then realized there were other aircraft nearby. Spotting a prising its pilot. The German When Brie died in 1988, XTIVMÆaQVOJMTW_PQUPMZMKWOVQbMLQ\\I[I.WKSM?]TN ._! broke off at the last instant, few realized the contribution 0QTTSVM_\\PM/MZUIVÅOP\\MZ_I[KIXIJTMWN ÆaQVOUWZM\\PIV passing just below the Rota. he and his fellow Autogiro three times faster than the Rota’s theoretical maximum speed of pilots had made during some 110 mph (in reality closer to 90 mph). All that stood between him The entire encounter had of WWII’s darkest days. In a and certain shootdown were the Autogiro’s unusual capabilities. taken just three minutes. The life marked by achievement, Rota was low on fuel, though it those were surely Reggie Brie’s By this time the German had looped upward from below the was considerably inland from ÅVM[\\PW]Z[ :W\\IXZMXIZQVONWZI[\\ZIÅVOZ]V;_MI\\QVOXZWN][MTa0QTT_IQ\\ML where the confrontation had until the last moment before tilting the rotorhead backward, started, and Hill continued in Bruce H. Charnov, an associate a steep but controlled descent professor emeritus at Hofstra to a safe landing. University, is the author of From Autogiro to Gyroplane: The Brie, meanwhile, had been Amazing Survival of an ordered to the British Pur- Aviation Technology. He is chasing Commission in Wash- a founding member and serves ington, D.C., where he played on the board of directors of the a role in the attempted acqui- Vertical Flight History Division sition of additional rotorcraft of the American Helicopter from the Pitcairn-Larsen Auto- Society. For further reading, giro Company. He later par- he recommends: Juan De La Cierva and His Autogiros, by Arthur W.J.D. Ord-Hume; and Cierva Autogiros: The Development of Rotary- Wing Flight, by Peter W. Brooks. 56 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

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reviews THE ART OF FLYING jet. Elvis, Sinatra and Zsa Zsa Gabor are all pictured get- by Joshua Condon, ting into or out of airplanes. Assouline Publishing, 2015, $175. There are even stills of Bergman and Bogart in the Art book publisher Assouline partnered with the climactic airport scene from XZQ^I\\MIQZKPIZ\\MZÅZU>Q[\\I2M\\\\WXZWL]KM\\PQ[ the movie Casablanca. extravagant offering, showcasing the glamour evinced by old-time airliners and uber-sophisti- 7VM[MV[M[\\PI\\\\PQ[KW‫ٺ‬MM cated private jets. Journalist Josh Condon, whose table book was envisioned informed and expressive text aptly supplements by VistaJet as a party favor \\PMJWWS¼[LIbbTQVOQUIOMZaLMÅVM[\\PMIZ\\WN Æa- for its jet-setting clientele. Of ing as prioritizing passenger comfort—and joy. > course, anyone who can pick up the phone or send a text > Today’s weary air Lufthansa’s top-of-the-line of fresh-baked pastries to message to summon a private travelers, who are routinely service, apparently oblivious ticketholders aboard a silver jet from an on-call inventory shoehorned into six-abreast, to engine noise and turbu- ship in the storied Eastern Air has already arrived. This elbow-to-elbow seating on lence, just as if they were hav- 4QVM[ÆMM\\ elegant volume lets the rest delayed jetliners, would likely ing cocktails at Delmonico’s. WN \\PMÆaQVOX]JTQKQVWV\\PM be astounded by the opulence Another photo shows a small Sprinkled throughout luxurious style in which past depicted in this book. An army of smiling chefs, decked the book are entertainment and present-day high rollers archival image from at least out in starched white jackets superstars riding high. A travel the globe. 50 years ago shows elegantly and toques, climbing an air- young and trim Elton John attired passengers enjoying stair to deliver platters full is shown making a toast at a Philip Handleman piano bar aboard his private 58 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

THE AVRO MANCHESTER to salvage the Manchester was to replace its two bad engines The Legend Behind the Lancaster with four good ones. The result by Robert Kirby, Casemate Publishers, 2015, $85. would initially be known as the Manchester Mk. III. By then, Only 202 Avro Manchesters represented a quantum leap power and, in the event of however, the Manchester had were built, and the airplane in RAF bomber development. an engine failure, it was hard acquired such a bad repu- was retired from operational The plane was designed to to keep the bomber aloft. Of tation in the RAF that the service in World War II after meet an Air Ministry require- 193 operational Manchesters, four-engine bomber’s name less than a year and a half. The ment specifying a twin-engine 30 were lost due to engine fail- was changed to Lancaster. Manchester was indisputably bomber, however, and that ures, while many others barely one of the RAF’s failures, was where its Achilles’ heel made it home. The Avro Manchester offers but it was also the progenitor TIa1VIVM‫ٺ‬WZ\\\\W[I\\Q[Na\\PM anecdotes from former crew of a whole family of highly Air Ministry’s performance Still, Bomber Command members about harrowing successful, long-lived mili- requirements, Avro fitted recognized the aircraft had ordeals over enemy territory, tary aircraft that included the the Manchester with two potential. Avro’s design team as well as flying the unreli- Lancaster and Lincoln bomb- newly developed Rolls-Royce concluded that the best way able bomber in non-combat ers, the York transport and the Vulture engines. The Vulture situations. This is undoubt- Shackleton maritime patrol proved to be one of R-R’s few MLTa\\PMLMÅVQ\\Q^MPQ[\\WZaWN  plane. For that reason alone it duds, and the Manchester its less-than-legendary sub- deserves the hitherto-denied would be the only opera- ject, and it’s a must for those historical treatment that tional aircraft equipped with interested in reading about Robert Kirby has delivered. it. Ostensibly capable of pro- the challenges that Bomber ducing 1,760 hp, the Vulture Command faced. Kirby explains in detail how rarely achieved its full rated in many ways the Manchester Robert Guttman OPPOSITE: ASSOULINE PUBLISHING WARBIRD FACTORY WINGS OF WAR His latest book introduces readers to a diverse grouping North American Aviation in World War II Great Combat Tales of of WWII airmen from the Allied and Axis Pilots U.S. and other countries on by John Fredrickson, Zenith Press, 2015, $40. During World War II JW\\P[QLM[WN \\PMKWVÆQK\\ The greatest air war of all Warbird Factory is a perfect exposition of how by James P. Busha, Zenith time is described through 35 the American public and the U.S. aviation Press, 2015, $30. unvarnished narratives from QVL][\\Za[PWWSW‫\\ٺ‬PMM‫ٺ‬MK\\[WN ILMILMVQVO UMV_PWÆM_QVQ\\<PQ[Q[ depression and sprang into action with Long before he became action-packed drama at its the onset of WWII. The leap from primi- director of publications for adrenaline-pumping best. the Experimental Aircraft tive designs, low production rates and an Association in Oshkosh, Some of the names will be amazingly small workforce was unprec- Wisc., Jim Busha perfected recognizable, like U.S. Navy edented. The demand for equipment to the art of interviewing air Medal of Honor ace Alex ÅOP\\I_WZTL_IZ_I[UM\\_Q\\PIVMV\\P]- war veterans. He honed his Vraciu. However, most of siastic response from public and industry skill during an earlier career the vignettes are from lesser- in law enforcement, when he SVW_VÆQMZ[+WV^MaQVO\\PM alike that dazzled the world with a huge learned the value of listening air war as it was experienced volume of high-quality aircraft. Annual to people tell their side of the by the everyday combatants production neared 100,000 aircraft per story. Busha’s often poignant adds inestimably to the his- year by 1944, with complex designs such as the Boeing and always informative writ- torical record. The author B-29 clawing into combat. ing on the pilots and crews has performed a great ser- .IZUÅMTL[PIL\\WJMKWV^MZ\\ML\\WP]OMNIK\\WZQM[IVLUMV who forged history in war- ^QKMJaKIX\\]ZQVOÅZ[\\PIVL and women who had never worked with anything more com- torn skies has become a staple accounts of aged veterans, for plicated than a scythe were suddenly operating complex, sensi- of the EAA’s magazines. otherwise their stories might \\Q^MUIKPQVMZa<PQ[JWWSKTMIZTaQTT][\\ZI\\M[\\PMTMIXNZWUÅMTL never have been saved. \\WÆQOP\\_Q\\PQ\\[[\\ZWVONWK][WV\\PM)UMZQKIVXTIaMZ[WZLQ- nary citizens who became citizen soldiers almost overnight. An extra bonus is the Warbird Factory details the birth, development and ultimately book’s stunning visual con- the success of the North American aces: the T-6 Texan, B-25 tent. Almost every page is Mitchell and P-51 Mustang. And to its credit the book focuses illustrated with either an on the many individuals whose contributions have not pre- archival black-and-white viously been covered. It raises some questions as well about photo (including rare shots our nation today. It is all very well to talk about the “greatest from aviation photographer generation,” but this book describes in depth how the people, 2WPV,QJJ[¼ÅTM[WZI[\\]V- civil and military, moved North American Aviation from a ning air-to-air color image of VM_KWUMZ\\WILWUQVIV\\XTIaMZQVQ\\[ÅMTL1\\PMTXML\\PI\\\\PM a restored warplane by the NAA aircraft were designed from the start for both production EAA’s own Jim Koepnick. and maintenance ease. The question, of course, is whether the current generation would be capable of similar performance. Philip Handleman Walter J. Boyne j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 5 9

REVIEWS AIRPOWER REBORN pose is not simple destruction but attainment of end-game The Strategic Concepts of John Warden [\\ZI\\MOQKWJRMK\\Q^M[)VW\\PMZ and John Boyd chapter praises Boyd for edited by John Andreas Olsen, Naval Institute Press, 2015, $49.95. LM^MTWXQVO\\PM[WKITTML 77,)WJ[MZ^MWZQMV\\ John Andreas Olsen, a written by Warden himself, ring model is used to identify direct-act) loop, a shorthand colonel in the Norwegian reprising and expanding KMV\\MZ[WN OZI^Q\\a<PMXWQV\\ description of the decision military, has made a name upon his seminal 1986 thesis, is to be smart about target KaKTM*WaLXZWNW]VLTaQVÆ]- for himself as the author which mapped out a theo- selection because war’s pur- enced military thinking by and editor of a growing list retical air campaign based arguing that wars can be won of learned books about air on the idea that an enemy if military leaders get inside power. He has drawn on top can be defeated by bombing the loop and outpace their practitioners and academi- command-and-control nodes opponent’s decision-making. cians as contributors for this without the need to go head- KWUXQTI\\QWVXZM[MV\\QVOÅ^M to-head with massed forces. -IKPKPIX\\MZZMÆMK\\[ essays on the concepts of [WTQL[KPWTIZ[PQXIVLW‫ٺ‬MZ[ two former U.S. Air Force Warden, whose thesis pro- \\PW]OP\\XZW^WSQVOXMZ- ÅOP\\MZXQTW\\[IVLIQZXW_MZ ^QLML\\PMNW]VLI\\QWVWN \\PM [XMK\\Q^M[\\PI\\_QTTIXXMIT\\W ^Q[QWVIZQM[\\PMQZI[KQJTM2WPV successful Desert Storm air serious students of air power Boyd and the quixotic John campaign in 1991, writes that theory and grand strategy. Warden. One of the essays is \\PMMVMUaU][\\JM^QM_ML I[I[a[\\MUQV_PQKPIÅ^M Philip Handleman CLASSICS GOD IS MY CO-PILOT AVG members, learning about their tac- \\QK[ÅZ[\\PIVL by Col. Robert L. Scott, 1943. 1V2]Ta!\\PM)>/_I[W‫ٻ‬KQITTa I grew up hearing stories about the air war absorbed into the U.S. Army Air Forces, in China. During World War II, my father although only a few of the AVG members was an aircraft electrical systems mechanic chose to remain in China thereafter. On in Maj. Gen. Claire L. Chennault’s the recommendation of Chennault and Fourteenth Air Force. My father knew China’s president, Chiang Kai-shek, Scott and worked on the aircraft of many of the was assigned to command the newly des- legendary pilots of that theater, including ignated 23rd Fighter Group, composed Colonel Robert L. Scott during his second QVQ\\QITTaWN I[KZI\\KP\\MIUWN _PI\\M^MZ tour of duty in China in 1944-45. ÅOP\\MZXQTW\\[IVLOZW]VLKZM_\\PMaKW]TL pull together from within the CBI theater. I was probably 12 or 13 in the late 1950s +PMVVI]T\\_I[ZMKITTML\\WIK\\Q^ML]\\a when I read God Is My Co-PilotNWZ\\PMÅZ[\\ and assigned to command the China time. I re-read it for the umpteenth time )QZ<I[S.WZKM_PQKPTI\\MZOZM_QV\\W\\PM about two months ago. It was one of the Fourteenth Air Force. ÅZ[\\UMUWQZ[\\WKWUMW]\\WN ??11IVL it remains to this day one of the greatest. It was a poor man’s war in China, and First published in 1943, it stayed in print Scott tells the story of how Chennault’s well into the late 1960s. men continually had to beg, borrow and sometimes steal the necessary fuel, tires, ammunition God Is My Co-PilotQ[\\PM[\\WZaWN ;KW\\\\¼[ÅZ[\\\\W]ZWN L]\\aQV IVLM[XMKQITTa[XIZMXIZ\\[\\WSMMX\\PMQZIQZXTIVM[ÆaQVO \\PM+PQVI*]ZUI1VLQI<PMI\\MZNZWU2]Ta!\\W7K\\WJMZ Cannibalization became the order of the day, with any unre- !,]ZQVO\\PI\\XMZQWLPMÆM_!PW]Z[WN KWUJI\\ XIQZIJTMIQZKZIN\\[\\ZQXXMLNWZM^MZaTI[\\XIZ\\\\PI\\KW]TLJMM^MV \\W\\ITQVO UQ[[QWV[IVL[PW\\LW_VKWVÅZUML2IXIVM[M ZMUW\\MTaZM][IJTM,M[XQ\\M\\PW[MPIVLQKIX[PW_M^MZ;KW\\\\ aircraft, plus a number of probables. He was one of America’s IVLPQ[XQTW\\[KWV\\QV]ML\\PM)>/¼[ZMKWZLWN ZWTTQVO]X^I[\\Ta MIZTQM[\\IKM[WN ??11IVLWVMWN \\PMÅZ[\\LW]JTMIKM[ superior numbers of enemy kills against the small number of friendly losses. ;KW\\\\¼[[\\WZa_I[WVMaW]KW]TLVW\\UISM]X)KIZMMZÅOP\\MZ God Is My Co-Pilot was and still is a great book, though pilot, he was told in early 1942 that at age 33 he was too old ]VNWZ\\]VI\\MTaQ\\_I[\\]ZVMLQV\\WIUMLQWKZM??11*UW^QM \\WÆaKWUJI\\,M\\MZUQVML\\WOM\\QV\\W\\PM_IZPMJT]‫ٺ‬MLIVL -^MV\\PW]OP;KW\\\\PQU[MTN [MZ^MLI[I\\MKPVQKITIL^Q[MZNWZ\\PM W]\\ZQOP\\TQMLPQ[_Ia\\W1VLQII[I*KWXQTW\\LM[XQ\\MPI^QVO ÅTUPMTI\\MZILUQ\\\\ML\\PI\\[M^MZITW^MZTaUMTWLZIUI\\QK[KMVM[ VWXZM^QW][NW]ZMVOQVM\\QUM7VKMQV)[QIPMÆM_+IQZTQN\\ made him cringe. UQ[[QWV[W^MZ¹\\PM0]UXºQV\\W+PQVI_PMZM+PMVVI]T\\¼[ 7^MZ\\PMaMIZ[IOWWLUIVaJWWS[PI^MJMMV_ZQ\\\\MV American Volunteer Group, popularly known as the Flying about America’s air war in China. God Is My Co-Pilot and <QOMZ[PILJMMVÅOP\\QVO\\PM2IXIVM[MNWZUWV\\P[ Chennault’s own Way of a Fighter remain two of the essentials. *MKI][M\\PM+[PILVWÅOP\\MZM[KWZ\\[;KW\\\\UIVIOML\\W David T. Zabecki KWV^QVKM+PMVVI]T\\\\W¹TWIVºPQUI8NWZ\\PI\\X]ZXW[M *MNWZM\\WWTWVO;KW\\\\_I[]VW‫ٻ‬KQITTaÆaQVOUQ[[QWV[_Q\\P\\PM 60 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

AIRWARE some intriguing characters RAF Vickers Vildebeests to \\PW]OPXMZNWZUIVKMQ[ÅVMWV to players, including Karun torpedo the Japanese cruiser a midrange PC. FTSOC is still FLYING TIGERS 3ZQ[PVI5IR]ULIZ_PWÆM_ Sendai on December 8, 1941. pending release as of this writ- Westland Lysanders with the There’s also action around ing, but while it saw continu- Shadows Over China Indian Air Force. Though a the Assam-Burma-China air- ous improvements in stability XWWZUI\\KPNWZMVMUaÅOP\\- lift and more missions around and general play during devel- Ace Maddox, 2016, $19.99. ers, the Lysander was appar- Mingaladon. In another, play- WXUMV\\1[\\QTTNW]VL\\PMÆQOP\\ ently versatile in its time. MZ[ÆaI*ZQ[\\WT*TMVPMQUWV mechanics cumbersome. The American Volunteer May 22, 1942, when Japanese FTSOC’s simplified mouse Group, better known as the ;WUMUQ[[QWV[IZMÅK\\QWVIT ace Tateo Kato is shot down control feels unnatural. Using Flying Tigers, has always but most are accurate with by a Blenheim gunner. IÆQOP\\[\\QKSKWV\\ZWTTMZPMTX[ conjured romantic images of regard to dates and locales. by adding discrete aileron, World War II aviation. Flying In addition to Majumdar’s Other elements aren’t as rudder and elevator controls. Tigers: Shadows Over China February 4, 1942, raid on Mae ZMITQ[\\QK_Q\\P\\PMÆQOP\\UWL- (FTSOC) is among the few Hong Son, the game features els subject to very loose phys- During my time with action games to feature the an unsuccessful attempt by ics. The graphics are dated, FTSOC, the difficulty levels celebrated group of American received several adjustments, volunteers who served in the but some missions were too China-Burma-India Theater. challenging even at easy set- tings. The final release may A quick look at the game see better balance and con- reveals an interesting quirk: trols. The game also includes FTSOC is less focused on the INZMMÆQOP\\UWLMQVLQ^QL]IT AVG than its title would sug- challenge missions and multi- gest, and yet this proves to player play over the Internet. be a bonus for history fans. 8TIaMZ[QVLMMLÆa\\PMQKWVQK FTSOC didn’t enamor me shark-toothed Curtiss P-40 much as an arcade game, but Warhawk, but several mis- its commitment to history sions feature multinational inspired me enough to want action with the Royal, Royal to play through the missions. Australian and Indian air forces. This may introduce Bernard Dy Officially Licensed Ultra High Power Realistic Fires Mail America, Dept. 143-5O Firing Replica M-11 Blowback .45 MILITARY SIDE ARM Action .177 POB 8436 Cal Pelham, NY 10803-8436 Ammo Mail full payment in cash, check, money order or Range: credit card for Risk Free, 30 day trial..Try for 30 209 days if not 100% satisfied—return within 30 days Trigger after receipt for refund less postage & handling. 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Hip model attaches to your belt and has leg strap with adjustable length. Available VHULDO QXPEHU 0DUYHO DW WKH WLJKW ÀW DQG ÀQLVK All SOLID STEEL Textured CONSTRUCTION, manufactured to the highest tolerances. At 1.87 Combat __ Lbs it has the weighty heft of the old .45. REALISTIC BLOW BACK Grips __#2292 Tactical Hip Holster Camo or Black..........$16.95 ACTION. Fully functioning hammer and slide action – just like the An American __#2288 -Military Shoulder Holster Camo or Black...$16.95 RULJLQDO)HHOWKHÀUHSRZHUDVLWULSVRII6WHHO%%·VDVIDVWDV\\RX Legend! Add $12.95 for Postage & Handling can press the trigger. With a muzzle Velocity of 410 FEET PER SECOND Individual Serial # it has the stopping power to bag small game or chase off large game Muzzle Velocity: Collector’s Edition Name_____________________________________ Address______________________________________ and pests. SPRING LOADED, HI-SPEED MAGAZINE holds 16 shots. 410 Feet Second Quick release Magazine ejects at a touch …pop in another and you’re Full Function Hammer - Slide & Release City_________________________________________ ready with 16 more shots. One 16 Shot Magazine Included – extra State _________ Zip ____________________ FOLSV DYDLODEOH IRU HYHQ PRUH UDSLG À UH IXQ :KDWHYHU \\RXU VKRRWLQJ Phone: ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ pleasure – target, hunting or trail shooting– here’s the piece that Sign here - you are 18 yrs or older:___________________ will take you to a whole new level. A sure standout in any collection! Send E-mail for Shipping & Tracking info: Powered by economical 12 Gram CO2 cartridges. 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FLIGHT TEST > Build your own racer MYSTERY SHIP Can you identify this elephantine carrier 1. What was the Bäumer biplane? See the B.II Sausewind’s claim answer below. to fame? KINGS A. Bristol Beaufighter 1. Gordon L. Raphael A. Built by a World OF THE B. Messerschmitt Me-110G 2. Carrol C. Smith War I ace NIGHT C. De Havilland Mosquito 3. Karel Kuttelwascher D. Douglas Havoc 4. Isamu Kashiide B. Germany’s first original Match the night- E. Junkers Ju-88G 5. Branse A. Burbridge production airplane fighter ace with F. Nakajima J1N1-Ckai 6. Heinrich zu Zayn since World War I the airplane that G. Hawker Hurricane Mk. IIC brought him the H. Focke Wulf Fw-190A Wittgenstein C. Won the 1925 Rundflug most success. I. Northrop P-61B Black 7. John R.D. Braham race around Germany 8. Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer Widow 9. Shigetoshi Kudo D. All the above J. Kawasaki Ki-45-kai 10. Hajo Herrmann 2. Which of Art Chester’s RAF MUSEUM, HENDON ANSWERS: MYSTERY SHIP: The Blackburn Blackburn. Learn more about it at HistoryNet.com/aviation-history. racing planes won the KINGS OF THE NIGHT: A.7, B.8, C.5, D.1, E.6, F.9, G.3, H.10, I.2, J.4 BUILD YOUR OWN RACER: 1.D, 2.B, 3.C, 4.A, 5.B 1939 National Air Races and went on to star in the Tailspin Tommy films? A. Jeep B. Goon C. Swee Pea D. Wimpy 3. The Lockheed-built Cosmic Wind Formula One racer was designed by which test pilot? A. Chuck Yeager B. Harry Crosby C. Tony LeVier D. Slick Goodlin 4. Who flew his own “Special” design to win the National Championship Midget Air Races in Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1958? A. Tom Cassutt B. Steve Wittman C. Jimmy Miller D. Ben Howard 5. Which Formula One racer has the National Air and Space Museum declared “the most successful aircraft in air racing history”? A. Laird Super Solution B. Sharp DR 90 Nemesis C. Miller Little Gem D. Howard DGA-3 j u ly 2 0 1 6 AH 6 3

aero ARTIFACT Famous Fin T he vertical stabilizer of the P-47D Fiery Ginger IV, ÆW_VJa+WTWVMT6MMT- 3MIZJaIJW^ML]ZQVO PQ[ÅVITUQ[[QWVWV5IZKP !_I[ZMKW^MZMLNZWU\\PM 6M_/]QVMIR]VOTMaMIZ[ IN\\MZPM_I[[PW\\LW_VJaI 3Q¹7[KIZº[\\WZa8  <WLIa\\PMÅVQ[WVLQ[XTIa I\\\\PM6I\\QWVIT5][M]UWN  \\PM=;)QZ.WZKMITWVO[QLM I8,XIQV\\MLQV3MIZJa¼[ KWTWZ[XPW\\W81\\[\\QTT ZM\\IQV[\\ZIKM[WN \\PMZML aMTTW_IVLJT]M[\\ZQXM[ZMX- ZM[MV\\QVO\\PM \\P.QOP\\MZ /ZW]X¼[\\PZMM[Y]ILZWV[ \\PW]OP\\PM_PQ\\MZMKWOVQ\\QWV XIQV\\\\PI\\WZQOQVITTaKW^MZML \\PMZMUIQVLMZWN \\PM\\IQTPI[ UW[\\TaLQ[IXXMIZML LEFT: NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE; RIGHT: NATIONAL ARCHIVES 64 AH j u ly 2 0 1 6

A Date Which Will Live in Infamy... PEARL EXCLUSIVE EXCLUSIVE FIRST-EVER .9999 SILVER HARBORMINTING RELEASE 75th Annivesary 1 oz. Silver Coin Official Legal Tender, Government-Issued Silver Minted at the world-renowned Perth Mint and legal tender under the authority of the government of Tuvalu. A portion of the proceeds from every Pearl Harbor Silver Coin will go toward raising a “Lone Sailor” statue at Pearl Harbor— proposed to be constructed with metal from the USS Arizona! EXCLUSIVE FIRST-RELEASE SILVER OFFER IRA APPROVED $2999 Per Coin 5 COINS $149.95 10 COINS $299.90 !\"  
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TOWARDS THE HOME FIRES by Robert Taylor Flying low over the snow covered village of Maldon in Essex, Major Robin Olds, in his P-51K Scat VI, leads Mustangs of the 479th Fighter Group back to their base at Wattisham, on 14 February 1945. Prints are personally signed by Robin Olds and Pilots that flew with him. Please contact us for details. NEW COLLECTORS ALWAYS WELCOME – WWW.ACES-HIGH.COM Eagles on the Rampage Home Run Return to Duxford TOLL FREE 800 528 0887 USA GALLERY – 815 East Ojai Avenue, Ojai, CA 93023, USA Tel: Toll Free (800) 528 0887 Open Mon – Fri 9am – 5pm Weekends by appointment – call for details [email protected] UK GALLERY – Vine Tree House, Back Street, Wendover, Bucks, HP22 6EB UK Tel: 01296 625681 Open Mon - Sat 9am – 5.30pm Sun 10am – 4pm [email protected] NORMANDY GALLERY – 49 rue du Général de Gaulle, 50480, Sainte-Mère-Eglise, France Tel: +33 9 66 87 49 22 Open 7 days 10am – 6pm (seasonal) [email protected]