1 Smoke control system Workshop PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM
Why Smoke is Critical? Because fires happen!
Fire Statistics: What is the leading killer in fires? SMOKE & TOXIC GASES
Why Must We Contain Smoke, Toxic Gases and Fire? 3/4 of all fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalation. Approximately 57% of people killed in fires are not in the room of the fire’s origin. Visibility - 47% of survivors caught in a fire could not see more than 3.5 meter. Smoke travels 36-128 meter per minute under fire conditions
Fortune Tower – JLT – Dubai
Spain
A Balanced Approach to Life Safety A balanced approach to fire protection uses all available tools to improve fire safety. These four approaches, used together, help provide a fire safe environment. Passive fire protection’s approach Is to help CONTAIN a fire by preventing its spread (fire, smoke and noxious gas) in order to save lives and protect property.
Passive Fire Protection vs. Active Fire Protection Active Fire Protection (AFP) is a group of systems that require some amount of action or motion in order to work efficiently in the event of a fire. Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a group of systems that compartmentalize a building through the use of fire-resistance rated walls/floors.
National Fire Protection Association اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a United States trade association, albeit with some international members, that creates and maintains private, copyrighted standards and codes for usage and adoption by local governments. The association was formed in 1896 by a group of insurance firms. Its purpose was to standardize the then-new fire sprinkler systems. It reports to have 65,000 members.
Where smoke control shall provided? STANDARDS & REFERENCES
1. Classification of Occupancy ) ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ ( اﻹﺷﻐﺎﻻت Assembly () أﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ Educational ()اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ Health care () اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ Detention and correctional ( )ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ اﻹﺻﻼح و اﻟﺘﺄھﯿﻞ Residential ( ) اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ Mercantile () اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﯾﺔ Business () اﻹدارﯾﺔ Industrial () اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ Storage( ) اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ
STANDARDS & REFERENCES NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.
NFPA 92 NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.
NFPA 92 : Smoke Control Systems Purpose: ()اﻷھﺪاف 1. Inhibit smoke from entering stairwells, means of egress, smoke refuge areas, elevator shafts, or similar areas
NFPA 92: Smoke Control Systems Purpose: 2. Maintain a tenable environment in smoke refuge areas and means of egress during the time required for evacuation. 3. Inhibit the migration of smoke from the smoke zone.
Purpose: 4. Provide conditions outside the smoke zone that enable emergency response personnel to conduct search and rescue operations and to locate and control the fire.
Purpose: 5. Contribute to the protection of life and to the reduction of property loss.
Design Objectives. The methods for accomplishing smoke control shall include one or more of the following: (1) The containment of smoke (2) The management of smoke
The containment of smoke: (1) The containment of smoke to the zone of origin by establishment and maintenance of pressure differences across smoke zone boundaries.
The containment of smoke A smoke containment system in a given building shall be designed to contain smoke to a given zone or keep smoke from entering another zone.
Classification of Occupancy ) ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ ( اﻹﺷﻐﺎﻻت Assembly () أﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ Educational ()اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ Health care () اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ Detention and correctional ( )ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ اﻹﺻﻼح و اﻟﺘﺄھﯿﻞ Residential ( ) اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ Mercantile () اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﯾﺔ Business () اﻹدارﯾﺔ Industrial () اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ Storage( ) اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ
Educational( )اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔOccupancies (Example):
Smoke barriers Where required by Chapters 11 through 43, smoke barriers shall be provided to subdivide building spaces for the purpose of restricting the movement of smoke.
Educational( )اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔOccupancies (Example):
Door with Self-Closing Devices:
Educational( )اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔOccupancies (Example):
Vertical Openings Openings might include items such as stairways; hoist ways for elevators, dumbwaiters, and inclined and vertical conveyors; shaft ways used for light, ventilation, or building services; or expansion joints and seismic joints used to allow structural movements.
Protection of Vertical Openings
Door with Self-Closing Devices:
Protection Vertical Openings:
Vertical Openings 1. Floor Smoke Barriers Every floor that separates stories in a building shall meet the following criteria: (1) It shall be constructed as a smoke barrier. (2) It shall be permitted to have openings as described by ( NFPA 101 -2018 8.6.6, 8.6.7, 8.6.8, 8.6.9, or Chapters 11 through 43).
Vertical Openings: 2. Continuity Openings through floors shall be enclosed with fire barrier walls, shall be continuous from floor to floor, or floor to roof, and shall be protected as appropriate for the fire resistance rating of the barrier.
Continuity Exemptions. The requirements of continuity shall not apply where otherwise permitted by any of the following: Where escalators and moving walks are protected in accordance with NFPA 13.
2. Communicating Space. Unenclosed floor openings forming a communicating space between floor levels shall be permitted, provided that the following conditions are met: 1) Doesn’t connect more than 3 stories. 2) Lowest or next to lowest story is street floor.
Penetrations. Penetrations for cables, cable trays, conduits, pipes, tubes, combustion vents and exhaust vents, wires, and similar items to accommodate electrical, mechanical, plumbing, and communications systems that pass through a wall, floor, or floor/ceiling assembly constructed as a fire barrier shall be protected by a fire stop system or device. Firestop materials become systems when installed to the listed fire stop system design from an accredited testing laboratory.
Penetrations.
Types of Penetrating Items Electrical HVAC Conduit • Round • Rectangular • Plastic and metal • Insulated Cable • Non-insulated • Multiple • Power, control, service • Telephone, fiberoptic • Metalclad, coaxial Bus duct Cable tray
Types of Penetrating Items & Fire Stop Materials
Types of Penetrating Items & Fire Stop Materials
Types of Penetrating Items & Fire Stop Materials
Ducts and Air-Transfer Openings Fire Damper Requirements Fire dampers shall be installed to protect ducts and air-transfer openings that penetrate fire barriers and fire walls.
Fire-Rated Construction Joints To ensure that a fire barrier is continuous, it is necessary to seal completely all openings where the fire barrier abuts other fire barriers, the exterior walls, the floor below, and the floor or ceiling above.
Typical Construction Joints Head of Wall Wall to Wall Floor to Wall Floor to Floor Wall to Wall Bottom of Wall Perimeter
Where smoke control shall provided?
High-Rise Buildings: High-Rise Building. A building where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.
High-Rise Buildings:
Where smoke control shall provided? 2. High rise building:
2. Smoke Control systems By Pressurization in High rise building:
The containment of smoke: 1. Stairwell pressurization: The design approach for smoke containment systems shall be one of or a combination of the following: (1) Stairwell pressurization
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