20201026-Fire Fighting -ENG.Iyad Al-Alem

Classes of Standpipe Systems:  Class I System: Class I systems comprises of 65 mm diameter Landing Valve outlets coupled or uncoupled with 65mm diameter, 30 m long hose with multipurpose hose nozzle for the use of Civil Defense department personnel or other trained fire fighting personnel. 

Classes of Standpipe Systems:  Class II System: Class II systems comprises of 25 mm diameter bore for Hose Reel System or 40 mm diameter bore for Hose Rack System, 30 m long hose coupled with nozzle, for the use of occupants to extinguish small fires or when the fire is at its incipient stages until the arrival of Civil Defense fire fighters.

Classes of Standpipe Systems: Class III system is a combination of both Class I & Class II systems for the use of occupants and as well as Civil Defense use. In general the class I system equipments are installed in lower level or compartment and class II system equipments in upper level or compartment of a cabinet.

Design Requirements:  Flow & Pressure Requirements  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class II system shall not exceed 5 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most 25 mm fire hose reel connection with riser shall be not less than 8 GPM at 1.5 bar.  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class II system shall not exceed 7 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most 40 mm fire hose rack connection with riser shall be not less than 50 GPM at 4 bar.  If the residual pressure exceeds 7 bar at the fire hose connection, an approved pressure reducing valve shall be introduced to restrict the pressure to 7 bar.  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class I system shall not exceed 12 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most fire hose connection with riser shall be not less than 125 GPM at 4.5 bar.

Riser (main)Pipe Sizes:  The minimum riser pipe size for serving a fire hose reel system(25 mm dia.) shall not be less than 50 mm dia.  The minimum riser pipe size for serving a fire hose rack system (40 mm dia.) shall not be less than 80 mm dia.  The minimum riser pipe size for serving hoses system (65 mm dia.) shall not be less than 100 mm dia.

Minimum Flow Rate For the hoses System:  The Fire water demand shall be calculated based on the flow rates of landing valves and fire hose reels or racks installed in the wet riser system.  The minimum flow rate of class II (25 mm dia .) at hydraulically remotest hose reels in a fire fighting system shall be 16 GPM .  The minimum flow rate of class II (40 mm dia .) at hydraulically remotest hose rack in a fire fighting system shall be 100 GPM .  The minimum flow rate of class I & class III (65 mm dia .) hydraulically remotest vertical wet riser system shall be not less than 500 GPM.  The minimum flow rate for each additional standpipe shall be 250 GPM with total demand need not exceed more than 1250GPM.

Water Demand Requirements:  The minimum water supply shall be available for the minimum duration specified as follow :  Light Hazard : 30 minute.  Ordinary Hazard : 60 minute.  Extra Hazard : 90 minute. Hose Coverage area:  The maximum area coverage by hose as follow :  Light Hazard : 800 m2.  Ordinary Hazard : 600 m2.  Extra Hazard : 400 m2.

Fire Hydrant System:  Fire Hydrant is an exterior valved connection to water supply that provides hose connections. As a system it is a water supply piping network system having two (65 mm ) outlets and that is used to supply hose and fire department pumpers with water .

Number and Location:  Hydrant s shall be provided and spaced in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ (Civil Defense Department).  Hydrant shall be located not less than 40 ft (12 m) from the buildings to be protected.

Indicating Valve:

Fire hydrants:  Number and Location:  Hydrant s shall be provided and spaced in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ (Civil Defense Department).  Hydrant shall be located not less than 40 ft (12 m) from the buildings to be protected.  The center of a hose outlet shall be not less than 457 mm and not more than 914mm above final grade  Hydrants shall be protected with barricades if subject to mechanical damage.  Pipe under driveways shall be buried at a minimum depth of 3 ft (0.9 m).  Pipe under railroad tracks shall be buried at a minimum depth of 4 ft (1.2 m)  Maximum Spacing between Hydrants is 150 m.

Minimum and maximum outlet height for hydrant

Hydraulic Calculation:





Flow Rate.

Water Velocity:

High-Rise Buildings:  High-Rise Building.  A building where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

High-Rise Buildings:



High-Rise Buildings:

Location of Hose ( Landing Valves) Connections at Stairwells:

Gate Valves and Check Valves:

Control Valves and Check Valves on Combined (Standpipe/Sprinkler) Systems:

Location of Hose ( Landing Valves) Connections at Stairwells:



Fire Department Connection for Wet Standpipes.

Fire Department Connections (Civil Defense Breeching Inlets):

Thank You For Your Attention

3 Fire Fighting systems FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Jordanian fire Protection code.

STANDARDS & REFERENCES  The most common standards used in this field is:  Jordanian fire Fighting Systems Code.  NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Types of Sprinkler Systems  There are three types of sprinkler systems generally used and approved by the Civil Defense.  Wet Sprinkler System  Dry Pipe Sprinkler System  Pre-action Sprinkler System

Wet Sprinkler System  The Wet Pipe System is the simplest and most common type of fire sprinkler installation. This system employs automatic and closed-type sprinklers heads which are connected to a water-filled piping system.  The sprinklers contain either a heat responsive glass bulb or fusible element that prohibits water from discharging from the sprinkler’s orifice.  The water is contained until such time as the heat from the fire activates the element, causing its release, allowing the water to discharge.

Dry Pipe Sprinkler System:  A Dry Pipe Sprinkler System is a system which employs automatic and closed-type sprinkler heads which are connected to a piping system containing compressed air or nitrogen, rather than water.  This type of system is used where the area being protected will be unable to maintain a constant year-round temperature of at least (4°C) and not more than (70°C).

Pre-Action Sprinkler system:  A Pre-action System is a system which employs automatic and closed-type sprinkler heads connected to a piping system that contains air (either pressurized or non-pressurized), with a supplemental system of detection serving the same area as the sprinklers.  These systems are typically used in applications where the accidental discharge of water would be catastrophic to the usage occupancy (for example; computer servers, lift machine rooms , telecommunications equipment, and high voltage electrical components).

Example of Preaction System

Auxiliary system:

Deluge Sprinkler System: A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached there to.

Fire Sprinklers System Components



Types of Sprinkler Heads



Types of Sprinkler Heads

1. Automatic sprinkler heads General :  Automatic sprinkler heads are individually heat activated and fixed into a piping network with water under pressure.  When the heat of a fire raises the sprinkler temperature to its operating point, (a variety of temperature ratings, from 57 to 260 degrees) a liquid- filled glass bulb will shatter or a solder link will melt to open that single sprinkler, allowing water to discharge.  The water is directed onto a diffuser or deflector which is designed to not only break the water into droplets of a specific size, but also to direct the spray to cover a specific floor and wall area.

Types of Sprinkler Heads There are two types of sprinkler heads based on the sensing element.  Quartzoid Bulb type: A sprinkler that has sensing element consist of glass bulb filled with quartzoid liquid for sensing the surrounding temperature.  Fusible Link type: A sprinkler that has sensing element consist of solder type fusible link for sensing the surrounding temperature.

Types of Sprinkler Heads There are two types of sprinkler heads without sensing element:  Nozzles: A device for use in applications requiring special water discharge patterns, directional spray, or other unusual discharge characteristics.  Open Sprinkler: A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat- responsive elements.

Types of Sprinkler Heads  Types of Sprinkler Heads based on Discharge pattern (Installation Orientation):  Upright Sprinkler head: A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.  Conventional Sprinkler head: A sprinkler that is designed to install both pendent or upright position.  Side wall Sprinkler head: A sprinkler having special deflectors that are designed to discharge most of the water away from the nearby wall in a pattern resembling one- quarter of a sphere, with a small portion of the discharge directed at the wall behind the sprinkler.

Types of Sprinkler Heads  Types of Sprinkler Heads based on Discharge pattern (Installation Orientation):  Pendent Sprinkler head: A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the water stream is directed downward against the deflector. In pendent there are two types based on its mounting application.  Recessed pendent sprinkler: A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than the shank thread, is mounted within a recessed housing.  Concealed pendent sprinkler: A recessed sprinkler with cover plates.