20200112-Firefighting Systems Design By Elite Software- Eng. Iyad Alalem

2 Fire Fighting Systems Introduction PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM

Jordanian Fire Protection & Life Safety codes.

Further References :  FPA 101: Life Safety Code.  NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.  NFPA 24: Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.

Classification of Occupancy and Hazard of Contents  The following considerations needed for accurately determining which Code provisions apply to a specific building:  1. Classification of occupancy  2. Choice of treating multiple occupancies as either mixed occupancies or separated occupancies  3. Categorization of the relative hazard presented by the contents or use of the building.

1. Classification of Occupancy ) ( ‫تصنيف اﻹشغاﻻت‬  Assembly (‫) أماكن التجمع‬  Educational (‫)التعليمية‬  Health care (‫) الرعاية الصحية‬  Detention and correctional ( ‫)مراكز اﻹصﻼح و التأهيل‬  Residential ( ‫) السكنية‬  Mercantile (‫) التجارية‬  Business (‫) اﻹدارية‬  Industrial (‫) الصناعية‬  Storage( ‫) التخزين‬











2. Multiple Occupancies:  General  Multiple occupancies shall comply with the requirements and one of the following: (1) Mixed occupancies (2) Separated occupancies  Improper classification might result in an inadequate level of life safety or overspending on non required items.

(1) Mixed Occupancies:  1. Mixed occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or more various occupancies are intermingled without fire resistive assembly separation between them.  2. Each part of such mixed occupancy shall be classified according to the specific usage of Occupancies.  3. In multiple occupancies, where exit access from an occupancy traverses another occupancy, the multiple occupancy shall be treated (or protected) as a mixed occupancy.  4. Mixed occupancies shall be provided with most restrictive Fire Safety requirements of the occupancy involved, including the egress and protection provisions.

(1) Mixed Occupancies:  Examples of uses that might be incidental to another occupancy include the following:  (1) Newsstand (mercantile) in an office building  (2) Giftshop (mercantile) in a hotel  (3) Small storage area (storage) in any occupancy  (4) Minor office space (business) in any occupancy  (5) Maintenance area (industrial) in any occupancy

(2) Separated Occupancies  1. Separated occupancy is a multiple occupancy where two or more various occupancies shall be compartmented by fire resistive assembly separation between them.  2. Such occupancy separations shall be vertical, horizontal, or both or, when necessary, of such other form as required to provide complete separation between occupancy divisions in the building.  3. Each part of such separated occupancy shall be classified according to the specific usage of Occupancies.

(2) Separated Occupancies:  The two required means of egress for the business occupancy are provided by two remotely located doors opening directly to the outside.

(3) Hazard of Contents  General.  For the purpose of this Code, the hazard of contents shall be the relative danger of the following:  The start and spread of fire.  The danger of smoke or gases generated.  The danger of explosion.  Other occurrence potentially endangering the lives and safety of the occupants of the building or structure.

(3) Hazard of Contents  For the purpose of NFPA 101 Code , where different degrees of hazard of contents exist in different parts of a building or structure,  the most hazardous shall govern the classification,  unless hazardous areas are separated or protected.

Classification of Hazard of Contents.  General: The hazard of contents of any building or structure shall be classified as:  Low  Ordinary  High.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Occupancies shall be classified as four classes based on its use and content of materials stored.  Light Hazard: The areas and occupancies which are used for non-industrial uses and contains low quantity and less combustible materials which are expected to release less heat release rates during fire condition shall be classified as light hazard occupancies.  Ordinary Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling of mainly ordinary combustible materials unlikely to develop intensely burning fires in the initial stages shall be classified as ordinary hazard occupancies. Ordinary Occupancies shall be further sub classified in to two groups.

Classification of Fire Hazards for Sprinkler Design :  Extra High Hazard: The areas and occupancies used for processing and handling abnormal fire loads, likely to produce exceptionally intense fires with high rates of heat release and with high storage heights. Extra high hazard occupancies shall be further classified in to two groups.  Special / Storage Hazard : The areas and occupancies used for miscellaneous storage purposes having storage height greater than 3.6 meters shall be classified in to storage hazard occupancies.



Mercantile Occupancies(Example) Subclassification of Occupancy.  Protection  In Class A or Class B mercantile occupancies protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system.  In Class C mercantile occupancies shall be permitted between the street floor and the mezzanine.

Thank You For Your Attention

2 Fire Fighting Systems Standpipe and Hose Systems PREPARED BY: ENG. IYAD AL ALEM

Jordanian Fire Protection & Life Safety codes.

Fire Hose Reel System  Hose reels shall be in accordance with BS 5274.  Fire hose reel systems are also normally pressurized with water having permanent water supply from fire water pumps and fire water storage tanks.  Fire hose reel system comprises of one or multiple vertical riser pipes or horizontal runs of piping that are connected to the 25 mm dia. bore, 30 m long fire hose reels located at all the floors.

Water Supply for Hose Reels(BS 5274):  As a minimum, the water supply to hose reels should be such that when the two top-most reels in a building are in use simultaneously, each will provide a jet of approximately 6 m in length and will deliver not less than 0.5 liters/s (30 liters/min).  For example, when a length of 30 m of hose reel tubing is in use with a 6.35mm nozzle, a minimum static pressure of 1.25 bar will be required at the entry to each reel and with a 4.8 mm nozzle, a minimum static pressure of 3 bar will be required.

Fire Hose Rack System  Fire hose rack systems are also normally pressurized with water having permanent water supply from fire water pumps and fire water storage tanks.  Fire hose rack system comprises of one or multiple vertical riser pipes or horizontal runs of piping that are connected to the 40 mm dia bore, 30 m long fire hose, folded vertically and attached over the pins in an approved manner and located at all the floors.

Classes of Standpipe Systems:  Class I System: Class I systems comprises of 65 mm diameter Landing Valve outlets coupled or uncoupled with 65mm diameter, 30 m long re-inforced rubber lined (RRL) hose with multipurpose hose nozzle for the use of Civil Defense department personnel or other trained fire fighting personnel.  Class II System: Class II systems comprises of 25 mm diameter bore for Hose Reel System or 40 mm diameter bore for Hose Rack System, 30 m long dual reinforced rubber hose coupled with 6 or 8 mm bore multipurpose nozzle, for the use of occupants to extinguish small fires or when the fire is at its incipient stages until the arrival of Civil Defense fire fighters.  Class III System : Class III system is a combination of both Class I & Class II systems for the use of occupants and as well as Civil Defense use. In general the class I system equipments are installed in lower level or compartment and class II system equipments in upper level or compartment of a cabinet.

Design Requirements:  Flow & Pressure Requirements  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class II system shall not exceed 12 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most 25 mm fire hose reel connection with riser shall be not less than 8 GPM at 1.5 bar.  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class II system shall not exceed 12 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most 40 mm fire hose rack connection with riser shall be not less than 50 GPM at 4 bar.  Maximum residual pressure at any point within the Class I system shall not exceed 12 bar. The minimum flow and residual pressure required at the hydraulically remotest and /or top most fire hose connection with riser shall be not less than 125 GPM at 4.5 bar. If the residual pressure exceeds 7 bar at the fire hose connection, an approved pressure reducing valve shall be introduced to restrict the pressure to 7 bar.

Riser (main)Pipe Sizes:  The minimum riser pipe size for serving a fire hose reel system(25 mm dia.) shall not be less than 50 mm dia.  The minimum riser pipe size for serving a fire hose rack system (40 mm dia.) shall not be less than 80 mm dia.  The minimum riser pipe size for serving hoses system (65 mm dia.) shall not be less than 100 mm dia.

Minimum Flow Rate For the hoses System:  The Fire water demand shall be calculated based on the flow rates of landing valves and fire hose reels or racks installed in the wet riser system.  The minimum flow rate of class II (25 mm dia .) at hydraulically remotest hose reels in a fire fighting system shall be 16 GPM .  The minimum flow rate of class II (40 mm dia .) at hydraulically remotest hose rack in a fire fighting system shall be 100 GPM .  The minimum flow rate of class I & class III (65 mm dia .) hydraulically remotest vertical wet riser system shall be not less than 500 GPM.  The minimum flow rate for each additional standpipe shall be 250 GPM with total demand need not exceed more than 1250GPM.

Water Demand Requirements:  The minimum water supply shall be available for the minimum duration specified as follow :  Light Hazard : 30 minute.  Ordinary Hazard : 60 minute.  Extra Hazard : 90 minute. Hose Coverage area:  The maximum area coverage by hose as follow :  Light Hazard : 800 m2.  Ordinary Hazard : 600 m2.  Extra Hazard : 400 m2.

Fire Hydrant System:  Fire Hydrant is an exterior valved connection to water supply that provides hose connections. As a system it is a water supply piping network system having two (65 mm ) outlets and that is used to supply hose and fire department pumpers with water .

Number and Location:  Hydrant s shall be provided and spaced in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ (Civil Defense Department).  Hydrant shall be located not less than 40 ft (12 m) from the buildings to be protected.

Hydrant installation:

Fire hydrants:  Number and Location:  Hydrant s shall be provided and spaced in accordance with the requirements of the AHJ (Civil Defense Department).  Hydrant shall be located not less than 40 ft (12 m) from the buildings to be protected.  The center of a hose outlet shall be not less than 457 mm and not more than 914mm above final grade.  Hydrants shall be protected with barricades if subject to mechanical damage.  Pipe under driveways shall be buried at a minimum depth of 3 ft (0.9 m).  Pipe under railroad tracks shall be buried at a minimum depth of 4 ft (1.2 m)  Maximum Spacing between Hydrants is 150 m.

Minimum and maximum outlet height for hydrant

Hydraulic Calculation:



Flow Rate.

Water Velocity:

High-Rise Buildings:  High-Rise Building.  A building where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than 75 ft (23 m) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access.

High-Rise Buildings:

High-Rise Buildings:

Location of Hose ( Landing Valves) Connections at Stairwells:

Gate Valves and Check Valves:

Control Valves and Check Valves on Combined (Standpipe/Sprinkler) Systems:

Location of Hose ( Landing Valves) Connections at Stairwells: