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IN EMERALD D O NE SIA Colonial Legacy Politics, Colonial rulings and the Indonesian Literature ������See pg. 11 Lake Toba Take a look at the top must- see Wonders in Indonesia. ������See pg. 4-5 Ma’Nene What are the Indonesian cultures to be aware of ? ������See pg. 08 Surabaya, Indonesia - Aug 17, 2019: celebrating Independence day of Indonesia. This photo was taken at the ceremonial event in Surabaya. © Hobi Industri, UnSplash

GET TO KNOW INDONESIA Demographics As of Thursday, July 28, 2022, the current population of Indonesia is 279,494,751.00. It represents 3.51% of the total world population ranking it as the 4th most populated country with a total land area of 1,811,570 km2. - Worldometer , UN Data Penglipuran Village, Bali, Indonesia © Ruben Hutabarat, UnSplash

GET TO KNOW INDONESIA Language & Religion According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 living languages spoken in Indonesia, Javanese and Sundanese being the most widely spoken. Indonesian is the official language. “Indonesia is a secular democratic country that has a Muslim-majority population. The Indonesian constitution guarantees all people in Indonesia the freedom of worship, each according to his or her religion or belief. It also stipulates that the state shall be based upon the belief in \"the one and only God\" (a condition which also forms the first principle of the Pancasila, the Indonesian state philosophy introduced by Soekarno in 1945).” - Indonesia Investments Web Traditional Market Place © Falaq Lazuardi, UnSplash

DANAU TOBA Largest volcanic lake in Southeast Asia. MOUNT BROMO Indonesia’s unique and most famous volcano. KELINGKING BEACH UBUD RI Indonesia’s most beautiful beach pillar of the Balinese

ORANGUTANS OF KALIMANTAN Kalimantan is home to the largest orangutan population in the world PURA TANAH LOT One of the most dramatic and venerated temples CE FIELDS WAKATOBI lifestyle and culture. The third-largest Ocean Reserve in Indonesia.

GET TO KNOW INDONESIA Ethnic Groups Javanese people are the largest ethnic group in Indonesia with a population of over 100 million (40.2%) according to the 2011 census. It is followed by Sundanese, occupying mainly the western part of Indonesia (of app. 40 million population). Then there’s Batak a collective name for ethnic groups including Alas, Kluet, Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Karo. - World Atlas Articles Prayudi Nugraha, Princess of Dayak © Muhamad Rivai, Pinterest

Traditional Clothing Kebaya A unique blouse-dress combination which originated from the Kingdom of Majapahit (present-day Indonesia). Peci Also known as a kopiah or songkokis, a cap worn by the Muslim men in Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. Kemben A torso wrap commonly worn by the women from Bali and Java. Traditionally, the women wrapped a piece of cloth on their torso, secured and folded the edge, tie it using a rope and finally cover it with an angkin.

Debus Ma’Nene Known in Java as debus, this For the community in Tana Toraja, tradition involves people South Sulawesi, the deceased are not attempting to harm themselves — really gone. Their bodies are naturally stabbing their chests with a knife, preserved in caves during a big chewing shards of glass, walking ceremony. Once a year, in the through fire, inserting needles into captivating tradition of Ma’Nene, the various parts of their bodies. bodies of the deceased are brought Instead of presenting observers back to their home, bathed, dressed, with horrifying gore, all these and groomed, before being walked people remain unharmed, thus around the village like a living person. affirming their faith that God The bodies of the deceased have protects His people. even been said to walk around on their own. INDONESIA’S Perang Topat The Hindu and Muslim people of Lombok celebrate their peace and harmony by enacting a war that never really happened. Once a year, the two groups prepare their weapons, the harmless ketupat or topat, a traditional rice dumpling.. Laughter fills the air as people gather at the Pura Lingsar Temple carrying their mini ketupat and throw them to the other side.

Javanese Customs Before Marriage © Fahmi Ramadhan, UnSplash In the Siraman SIRAMAN RITUAL ritual, the bride and groom will be bathed by seven people who will pour the water on the body of them.

Pramoedya Ananta Toer Javanese Novelist (1925 – 2006) Living during what was probably the most turbulent time in Indonesia, life gave Pramoedya Ananta Toer a lot of stories that he gave back to the world with excellent poise and brilliance. His works have been translated into 37 languages, including the semi-autobiographical Stories from Blora (1952) and the famed Buru Quartet. As an intellectual thinker as well as author, Pramoedya has been imprisoned by both the colony and Indonesia’s post- independence government for his progressive notions. Although many of his books have been burned or banned, Pramoedya’s surviving works still give us an elaborate and captivating look into Indonesia’s past episodes from a very personal perspective.

Rich history of INDONESIAN LITERATURE The period of Hindu Buddha 1945 Period Periodization begins since the The essence of this literature is discovery of Yupa inscription that inspired by the socio-political written records found in the circumstances of the revolution fourth century. At that time, the to maintain independence. The writing adopted the Sanskrit and many forms of work literature Palawa letters from India. In the produced in the form of poetry same periods, the poets began to and poetry spirit of nationalism. develop their skills in literature. Among the poets of this era is In the Kingdom of Kediri era that Chairil Anwar with his work located in East Java, there Sharp Pebble. composed of epic book Baratayuda that written in 1966’s- 1970’s Javanese version by Mpu Sedah and Mpu Panuluh. Besides, there This period is marked by the is also written Arjuna Wiwaha publication of Horizon literary book by Mpu Kanwa. Next, in magazine. In those magazines, Majapahit Kingdom era, there the literature works are published found a masterpiece of with the tight selection. Some of Kertagama book by Mpu people who like to read literature Prapanca and Sutasoma book by Mpu Tantular. might had subscribed this magazine. Many literature styles LINitDeOrNaEtSIuArNe today were growing like surrealist and absurd. The famous poets include Sapardi Djoko Damono wrote a work literature entitled Perahu Kertas. Comes up to the millennial era, the literature in Indonesia grows really well. The popular writers such as Dewi Lestari, Darwis Tereliye, Boy Candra, and many more could be so productive in developing their novels. Moreover, the development of technology in Indonesia has born some new generation of writers that upload their artwork in social media. Nowadays, people could enjoy to read literature artwork thorugh the small screen without bringing the thick things everywhere.

FAMOUS AUTHORS Nh. Dini. Among her 20 books and various W.S. Rendra other literary works, many are well- received and prized as progressive Wilborus S. Rendra is mostly known for feminist epics of 1970s Indonesia, his plays and poems.. Also, an actor, albeit written in a rather conventional director, and playwright himself, W.S. tone. She talks about the roles, Rendra was known in many countries and justices, and realities of life between was even nominated for the Nobel Prize the two genders, especially for for Literature several times. His works women. have also been studied and discussed by scholars from across the globe. His Andrea Hirata sharpness and keen observations on politics and society have led to repeated imprisonment and ban, but that only attests to the brilliance and significance of the works. W.S. Rendra’s anthology of poems and poetry, as well as his theater in Depok, West Java, have been one of the most important legacies in Indonesia’s literary scene.. The success of Andrea Hirata’s debut novel Laskar Pelangi (The Rainbow Troops) opened a new world of influence, literacy, even tourism in Indonesia. The 2005 novel, which was set in the now-famed tropical paradise of Belitung Island, was followed by other bestselling books that fascinate readers even beyond Indonesia. The Rainbow Troops is loved for the heartwarming stories about children from humble origins chasing their dreams, with all their innocence, passion, and peculiar ways of life.

LITERARY STYLES Realism remains to be the Medium of Storytelling dominant style, although “The tradition of telling stories sometimes it also blends with is strong in Indonesia. We used romanticism – a nostalgia for to tell stories orally, and it's the lost past – and a sense of still happening, but we're also disillusionment that replaces using more written mediums. it. There is also a trend of Like you mentioned about the looking outward to what short story and newspapers. happens in other parts of the Digital media makes a space globe. for short stories, and it's quite diverse thematically. Before Contemporary Indonesian 1998, we were under a dictatorship, and our freedom writers are curious and of expression was limited. But since 1998, there have been adventurous in embracing more topics that can be expressed, like religious and cosmopolitanism and sexual issues, and women's issues. Contemporary writers transcending national are free to express whatever they want, and there's always boundaries. a reader for that.” That’s particularly visible in – Feby Indirani, the works of many current Georgina Godwin interviews women authors. At the same Indonesian authors time, their works also rebel against customary laws and traditions that marginalize women.

For newcomers to Indonesian literature, what are the titles to start with? Pramoedya’s tetralogy – The Earth of Mankind, The Child of All Nations, Glass House, and Footsteps – remain the most important books for foreign readership. The first two books are forbidden in Indonesia because at the time the government believed the author had communist ties. This series is worth reading. It depicts life in the former Dutch East Indies from a native Indonesian point of view. Mangunwijaya’s The Weaverbirds is another classic that has become a must- read. These two senior authors are the best introduction to the dynamics and complexities of Indonesian society. Oka Rusmini (Earth Dance), Seno Gumira Ajidarma (Jazz, Perfume & the Incident), Nukila Amal (Cala Ibi), Ayu Utami (Saman), belong to the generation that follows; and then young writers such as Erni Aladjai (Kei), Lan Fang (Potions and Paper Cranes), Anindita Thayf (Daughters of Papua), and Okky Madasari (Maryam).

A Woman’s Portrait 1938 The painting conveys her exquisite taste: ear studs, bracelets, green and yellow selendang; the sash conceals her pregnancy. The death she is carrying can’t be disguised. The life she carries will grasp and cling on. Yearning, restlessness and the turmoil of fear are not recorded in the brush-strokes, pencil outline of a face surrendering to the flow of history. The painting, with its final brilliant gesture, only fully reveals this face when it is framed by memory. Toeti Heraty Toeti Heraty was born in 1933. An outstanding Indonesian poet with a powerful vision, she is also a philosopher, an art historian and a human rights activist who is well known for her opposition to the Suharto regime and for her feminism.

Terima Kasih! (THANK YOU) Special Thanks to: WEBSITE REFERENCES UNSPLASH.COM WORLDATLAS.COM EMBASSYOFINDONESIA.COM FACTSOFINDONESIA.COM Toeti Heraty. (2004). Poetry Translation Centre. https://www.poetrytranslation.org/ poets/toeti-heraty Asean literature project MAGAZINE SOUVENIR Gutierrez, C.D.L.G Lake Kelimutu Kelimutu lake consists of three lakes with three different colors which is red, blue and white, but these colors will always change.