sachhaymienphi.com - van-hoa-phuc-hung-va-chinh-phuc-nhung-mien-dat-moi

["Cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ea1i Leipzig $au khi fan ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf d\u00e2ng ca kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0u, Luther l\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f3i Leipzig franh lu\u1ed9n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc John Ecker do gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u1ee7y th\u00e1c. & B\u1ec6 H\u1ea0, NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u00d3 QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M G\u00cc V\u1edaI V\u1eaaN CH\u01afA C\u00d3 K \u1ebe T QU\u1ea2 cu\u1ed1i NH\u1eecNG LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U C\u00d9NG, \u0110\u00c2 TRANH LU\u1eacN 15 C\u1ee6A L u t h e r ? NG\u00c0Y R\u1ed2I LUTHER NH\u1eacN \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C S\u1ef1 \u1ee6NG H\u1ed8 C\u1ee6A D\u00c2N CH\u00daNG. NH\u00daNG NG\u01af\u1edcI TA KH\u00d4NG CI\u00daP TA L\u1ebcN N\u1ebeN RA N\u0168\u00d4I C\u00d3 C\u1ea2 M \u1eb6T \u00daNG PH\u00c1I B\u1ea2O V\u1ec6 H\u1ecc B \u1ea4 T C\u00da B\u00caN N\u00c0O. LU TH ER , CHO N\u00caN... 98","Cu\u1ed9c franh bi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai \u00ed\u1ecdi Leipzig di\u1ec5n ra 18 ng\u00e0y. Hai b\u00e8n kh\u00f2ng ai nh\u01b0\u00f2ng oi, ph\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Lulher. 99","C\u00c0NG NGH\u0128 K \u00cc \u0110\u00daNG V\u1eacY C\u00c0NG TH\u1ea4Y GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I N\u00caN LUTHER n\u00f3i C\u1ea2I C\u00c1CH \u0110l! \u0110\u00daNG.","\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c R\u1ed2I. L\u1ec6NH CHO H\u1eaeN TRONG V\u00d2NG 60 NG\u00c0Y H\u00c3Y V \u1ebe T TH\u01af CHO PH\u1ea2I TH\u00d9A NH\u1eacN T\u1ed8I L u th er! C\u1ee6A M\u00ccNH, N\u1ebeU KH\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I S\u1ebc RA L\u1ec6NH TR\u1ee4C XU\u1ea4T. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9} b\u1ee9c tranh bi\u1ebfm ho\u1ee3 Ih\u00ea k\u1ec9 16. H\u00ecnh v\u00e8 qu\u1ef7 sa l\u00e2ng \u0111ang Iruy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdo quo Luther. B\u00fac Ironh c\u1ed1 \u00fd fh\u00f3a m\u1ee3 Luther khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n fin v\u00e0o l\u00f2i \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.","TRONG V\u00d2NG 60 NG\u00c0Y, N\u1ebeU KH\u1ed4NG TH\u00d9A NH\u1eacN T\u1ed8I L\u1ed6I S\u1ec0 B\u1eca TR\u1ee4C XU\u1ea4T.. 102","T\u00ean Luther HO\u00c0NG \u0110\u1ebe, Ph\u00e1i t \u00edn h sao \u0111 \u00e2 y N\u00c0Y \u0110\u00daNG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG L\u00c0 KHI\u1ebeN LA M \u1ea3 Y\u00eau C\u1ee6NG C\u1ea6N T\u00d4N TR\u1eccNG AI N\u1ea4Y \u0110\u1ec0U C\u1ea6U CH\u00daNG TA TR\u1ee4C XU\u1ea4T c\u1ee7\u0110\u1ea0I TRI C\u00c1C N\u01a0I \u0111au \u0111\u1ea3u H\u1eaeN. PH\u1ea2I NGHE XEM H\u1ecc TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O \u0110\u00c0! m\u1eb1","Ng\u00e0y 17 fh\u00e1ng 4 n\u00f5m 1521, Lulher b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a l\u1edbi LUTHER, NG\u01af\u01a0I C\u00d3 cu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i Worms, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c T\u1ef1 NGUY\u1ec6N H\u1ee6Y TO\u00c0N \u0111\u1ecdi c\u1ee7 fri x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi. B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ed0NG S\u00c1CH \u0110\u00d3 KH\u00d4NG? T\u1ed0I S \u1ec0 KH\u00d4NG D\u1eecNG 7 CH\u00daA \u01a1 l VI\u1ec6C VI\u1ebeT S\u00c1CH XIN H\u00c3Y B\u1ea2O V\u1ec6 TRUY\u1ec0N B\u00c1 CH\u00c2N L\u00cd. , NH\u1eecNG NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u00d3 NI\u1ec0M TIN CH\u00c2N ch\u00edn h! am en! LU TH ER \u0110\u00daNG L\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0IC\u1ee6 TRI J M\u1ed8T NO\u01af\u1edcI KH\u00d4NG SAX\u0168NY \u1ea8 \u1ef7 KHOM L\u01afNG QU\u1ef2 3 G \u1ed1i L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T T\u00cdN D\u1ed2 TH\u1ef0C S\u1ef1. non ,104","G\u00ec C\u01a1? CH\u1ec8 K h\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch TR\u1ee4C XU\u1ea4T N\u00c0O KH\u00c1C, TRONG TH\u00cc QU\u00c1 nh\u1eb9! \u0110\u00c1M QU\u00dd T\u1ed8C C\u00d3 Ph\u1ea3i x\u1ee9 T\u00ed)! NH\u1eecNG K \u1eba \u00daNG H\u1ed8 LU THER, h\u1eafn KH\u1ed0NG B\u1ecb C\u1ef0C V H\u00ccNH \u0110AU. Kh\u00f5ng l\u00e0u sau, \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, \\\\\u00c4Y lulber d\u01b0\u00f2ng nhu TH\u00cc CHUNG TA b\u00f5c hoi kh\u1ecfi \u1ec9h\u1ebf gi\u1edbi... S\u1ebc RA tay! sr NGHE N\u00d3I LU THER B\u1eca M\u1ed8T K\u1eca S \u0128 B\u1ecaT M\u1eb6T BAT \u0110I, LI\u1ec6U C\u00d3 \u0110\u00daNG TH\u1ebe \u201c I KH\u00d4NG? _ > AI M\u00c0 BI\u1ebeT \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C? T\u00d4I TH\u00cc CHO L\u00c0 C h \u1eaf c \u00d4n g \u1ea5 y b \u1ecb \u00d4NG \u1ea4Y G\u1eb6P PH\u1ea2I GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG B\u1eccN C\u01af\u1edaP. v B\u1eaeT R\u1ed2I. ,05\u1eb3 L","L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1ecf Warfburg, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u1ec1\u1ecdi c\u1eedfri Saxony. . anSI LEIPZIG \u2022 GI\u00c1O S\u1ef1 L u th e r, t\u00ecn h h\u00ecnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u2022 WARTBUlto. CH\u01afA \u1ed4N \u0110\u1ecaNH, L\u1ec6NH TR\u1ee4C X\u00dcAT C\u1ee6A \u2022 WORMS HO\u00c0NG \u0110\u1ebe V\u1ea8N C\u00d2N c \u00f3 HI\u1ec6U L\u1ef1c, \u2022 AUGSBURGM NG\u00c0I c\u1ee9 T\u1ea0M \u1ecf L\u1ea0I \u0111\u00e2y!","B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Luihcr nh\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u00e1n \u1ec9h\u01b0\u1ecfng c\u1ee7o d\u1ecdi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n ng\u00f4n ngu h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1ed1c t\u1edbi v\u00e2n h\u00f3o \u0110\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Lulher \u1ed5\u00e2 KH\u1ed4NG t h \u1ec3 d\u00e2y l\u00ean con b\u0169o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch f\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, vu\u1ee3f CH\u1ecaU \u0110\u1ef1NG s\u1ef1 ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u1ed1ng. B\u00d3C L\u1ed8T C\u00daA GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C N\u1ee9 a ! y 1 1 \u1ec1\u1eef M \u1eb2 \\\\ \\\\ A \\\\ \\\\ My \u201e y \u1ef5' \u2014*","108\u00ea\u1eca nil mW*","Kh\u1ecfi nghia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3ng d\u00f2n n\u1ed5i l\u00e9n v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng, Ir\u1ecf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0n \u1ec9\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, $\u1eed s\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"chi\u1ebfn \u1ecaronh n\u00f2ng d\u00e1n B\u1ee9c\\\". Bon \u0111\u1ea7u Lulher \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng sau khi chi\u1ebfn Ironh lan r\u1ed9ng... Xin c \u00e1 c NH\u1ee9NG NG\u01af\u1edcI N\u00f2ng d\u00e2n L\u00c3NH CH\u00daA H\u00c3Y N\u1ed0NG D\u00c2N B\u1ed2NG b\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ra lay G\u1eaeNG L\u00caN, H\u1ea4Y TR\u1ece TH\u00c0NH NH\u1ee8NG tr\u1ea5n \u00c1p NH\u1edaNG K\u1eba KH\u00c1T M\u00c1U. v\u00f3i c\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi CU\u1ed8C B\u1ea0O LO\u1ea0N, v\u00f4 l\u1ed9i... N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0","G \u1ebeT H\u1ebeT L\u00da N\u00d4NG D\u00c2N PH\u1ea2N LO\u1ea0N \u0110l\u1ec9 \u0110\u00c1NG GH\u00c9T\u0128 LUTHER \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n B\u1ed8I CH\u00daNG TA\u0128 TR\u1edcI \u01a1 l L \u00ca N\u00c0O CH\u00daA \u01a0I, CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ea8M XIN NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u00c3Y X\u00c1 T\u1ed8I M\u00c1U N\u00c0Y L\u00c0 CHO c o n ! DO TA?","Kh\u1ed1ng l\u00e0u sau \u0111\u00f3, tu\u1ed9c kh\u1ecfi nghio n\u00f3ng d\u00e1n b\u1ecb t\u1ee9c mgnh qu\u00e0n J\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng m\u1ecdnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f3c l\u00e1nh ch\u00faa Ir\u1ed1n \u00e1p. 111","L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, vua Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Francis I \u0111\u1edf b\u1ed5f la y v\u1edbi \u0111 \u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebd qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e2 \u0129h\u1ea7n \u00edh\u00e1nh, f\u00e2n (\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i l\u1ed9n Vienna \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u00f3i gi\u1ed9c ngo\u1ecdi x\u00e2m , Charles V bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i igm th\u00f2i th\u1eeba nh\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ihco phe Lulher. \u00da I C\u00c1CH I\u00d5N GI\u00c1O \u00d3 NU\u00d3C 4NH \u0129h\u00f2i k\u00ec n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong Ir\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch i\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00fam 1534, vua n\u01b0\u00f3c Anh Henry VIII \u0111\u00e2 n\u00e1m Irong tay gi\u00f3o h\u1ed9i Anh (Ir\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Lo M\u1edf). Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Anh gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1edf ra \u0111\u00f2i. \u0129uy nhi\u00ean, do trong gi\u00f3o h\u1ed9i v\u00e2n c\u00f2n r\u1ed1l nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00e8n Anh gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a fh\u1ec3 ih\u1ed1ng linh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1eed ho\u00e0ng \u20aclizabeth I m\u00e0 Anh gi\u00e1o m\u00f3i ph\u00e1i tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00e2n dung n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth I. 112","\u1ecb n\u00fam sau \u0111\u1ecf... H\u01af\u1edaNG \u0110I C\u1ee6A PHONG TR\u00c0O C\u00c1I Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH C\u00c1CH T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O \u0110\u00c3 HO\u00c0N TO\u00c0N V\u01af\u1ee2T Gl\u1ee9A C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O KH\u1eceI PH\u1ea0M VI KI\u1ec2M V\u00c0 T\u1ea6N GI\u00c1O NG\u00c0Y SO\u00c1T C\u00daA TA. C\u00c0NG CAM GO. \u0129h\u1eddi x\u01b0a, gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc xcm nh\u01b0 \u00edh\u1ed3n Ih\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdo phgm gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. B\u1ee9c Iranh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u00e1c n\u00e2m 1650, kh\u1ed1c h\u1ecda ch\u00e2n dung m\u1ed9l gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 tgo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c. \u0129h\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c franh kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u00fai ph\u00e1p \u00edr\u1ed3m m\u1ed9c, n\u1ec1n n\u00f2, cao qu\u00fd, Ih\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00f4n qu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. 113","N\u00fam 1555, }gi Augsburg, |;0 # \u0129 r o n g \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u00f3m c\u00e2 ho\u00e0ng \u0111 \u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Charles V ban \\\\W w \u0129\u00e2n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u00e0 h\u00f2a u\u00f3( b\u1ed1 \\\"H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Augsburg ' n\u00e0y, nhang ngu\u00f4i theo cho ph\u00e9p \u0111gi c\u1ee7 Iri v\u00e0 phe Lulhcr ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n (h\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u1ef4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ih\u1eeba nh\u1ed9n, f\u01b0 iu\u1ecfng fin ng\u01b0\u1edfng. \u1ecd^ c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edru\u1ef5\u1ec1n ba Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, khdp c\u00e1c s s m\u00e2u thu\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa f\u00f4n M - \\\\ \u00ae nu\u00f3c B\u1ed5c \u00c2u.T 'r' y gi\u00e1o m\u00e1i v\u00e0 C\u00db b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, s\u1eed s\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi d\u00f4y l\u00e0 \\\"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn 30 n \u00e2m \\\". D\u00d2NG \u0128\u00c9N D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u00ea chu\u1ed5n c\u1ee7a \u0129\u00f2a fh\u00e1nh La M\u00e2, Ignacio de Loyola ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e2 li\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7o D\u00f2ng \u0129\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u00e1n d\u1ed5t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n fh\u1ee7 Iheo \u0111\u1ee9c fin \u0129hi\u00ean ch\u00faa fh\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i r\u1ed1f nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o sl \u0111i fruyen b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecdo \u0129hi\u1ebdn Ch\u00faa kh\u00e2p noi Ir\u00ean Ih\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. $t. Fran\u00e7ois Xavier c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng \u0129\u00ean \u0111\u00e2 l\u1eebng l\u00f3i c\u00e1c n\u01a1\u00f3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 \u0129rung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00c2n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ec3\u1ec3 fruyen gi\u00e1o, nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c fin d\u00f2 \u0129hi\u1ebdn Ch\u00faa Igi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u00f3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u00f4ng m\u00f3i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ec9","C\u00e1ic\u00e1chtongi\u00e1o nhOng c\u00e0n cif vOng ch\u00e2c Khi n\u00e9n v\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c1u dan phi\/c h\u00f3i sl\u00edc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e0i s\u00f3'ng thi c\u00fcng l\u00e0 l\u00fae ran n\u00faft xu\u00e1t hi\u00e7n. Vet ran c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00eet l\u00f4n nh\u00e2't n\u00e2m trong i\u00efnh vi\/c t\u00e2m linh, c\u00fcng d\u00fcng de ph\u00e0n d\u00f4'i chinh l\u00e0 d\u00fac tin c\u00fca con ngii\u00f6i. D\u00e1u the k\u00ee th\u00faf nhOng h\u00e0nh dOng c\u00fca gi\u00e1o 16. gi\u00e1o h0\u00a1 La M\u00e4 th\u00f4'i n\u00e1t mi\/c ru\u00f4ng, ph\u00f6i b\u00e0y hQi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o L\u00fae d\u00f3. bp m\u00e0t x\u00e1u xa t\u00c7t c\u00f9ng. Mgt gi\u00e1o si ngil\u00f4i D\u00fcc t\u00ean l\u00e0 Martin Luther b\u00e2't binh tru\u00f4c c\u00e2nh tu\u00e7ing Nu\u00f3c D\u00fac khi \u00e2'y kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng nh\u00e2't m\u00e0 bj d\u00f4 n\u00ean d\u00e2 khi\u00eau chien v\u00f4i gi\u00e1o h\u00e7i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o chia c\u00e2t th\u00e0nh nhi\u00e9u l\u00e2nh dja, nhi\u00e9u bang c\u00f4 La Ma nh\u00e0m ci\u00efu r\u00f4i con ngi\/\u00f6i kh\u00f3i v\u00f6ng t\u00e7i di\u00ean tich nh\u00f4. Nhi\u00e9u quy t$c c\u00f4 tu\u00f4c vj c\u00fca c\u00e1c bang qu\u00f4'c n\u00e0y \u00fcng h0 Luther. Ho mong tho\u00e0t l\u00f6i. Lieh siigoi d\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201c Cuqc c\u00e1i each t\u00f6n gi\u00e1o\u201d . kh\u00f4i sy th\u00f4'ng tri c\u00fca gi\u00e1o h\u00f4i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e9 n\u00e2m nhi\u00e9u quy\u00e9n li\/c chinh tri hdn. Si\/ ra d\u00f6i c\u00fca C\u00e1i c\u00e1ch ton gi\u00e1o g\u00e1n lien v\u00f4i phong tr\u00e1o Phgc Hi\/ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00e2n, nh\u00e1 tho Du\u00f4i nhDng \u00e1p li\/c kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u00fc quan va c\u00e1c ngh\u00e7 thu\u00e2t gia c\u00fca th\u00f6i ki Phgc Hung da nhu v\u00e2y, To\u00e0 \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o li bu\u00e7c ph\u00e0i nhugng b\u00f4. d\u00fang c\u00e1c h\u00ednh th\u00edrc kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00e9\u2019 kh\u00e1c h\u00e7a mpt CuOc c\u00e0i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u00f9ng n\u00f4\u2019 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch sinh d0ng bO m\u00e2t x\u00e1'u xa c\u00fca gi\u00e1o h0\u00a1 C\u00f4ng lan r\u00f4ng kh\u00e2p Igc dja ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. gi\u00e1o th\u00f6i \u00e2'y. Qua c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u00edru Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u00e0ng ti\u00ea'ng Hy L<ip, h\u00e7 d\u00e2 ph\u00e2t hi\u00e7n ra r\u00e2't nhi\u00e9u c\u201cuBaiaTdh\u00e0onmgatsr\u00e1Mnogoiaren\\\"(Utopia) di\u00e9m kh\u00e1c nhau giOa Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00fca dao Co D\u00f4'c nguy\u00ean th\u00fcy v\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00fcc \u00c2m IC\/a gat con Thomas Moore d\u00e2 mi\u00eau t\u00e0 dja d\u00e0ng tr\u00e1n gian ng\u00fc\u00f6i c\u00fca gi\u00e1o h\u00e7i b\u00e2'y gi\u00f4. D\u00e2y c\u00fcng chinh l\u00e0 l\u00e0 mgt x\u00e2 h\u00f4i c\u00fca d?o d\u00fcc cao quy, ch\u00e2n thi\/c v\u00e0 hi\u00e9n liidng. D\u00f4 l\u00e0 x\u00e2 h\u00f4i theo ch\u00e9 d\u00f4 c\u00f4ng h\u00f6u, \u00d6 DesidoriusErasmus d\u00f4 to\u00e0n b\u00f4 c\u00fca c\u00e0i t\u00e0i s\u00e0n d\u00e9u thu\u00f4c s\u00f4 h\u00fcfu to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ng\u00fc\u00f6i ngu\u00f6i binh d\u00e2ng. D\u00d4ng th\u00f6i n\u00f6i \u00e2'y c\u00f4 Erasmus (1466 - 1536) l\u00e0 mpt tri\u00ea't gia ngif\u00f4i ngu\u00f4n v\u00e2t ch\u00e2't phong ph\u00fc d\u00e2y d\u00fc, ai c\u00fcng c\u00f4 th\u00e9 H\u00e0 Lan, m\u00f4t trong nhQng nh\u00e2n v$t dai di\u00ean cho l\u00e2y d\u00fcng khi c\u00f4 nhu c\u00e2u n\u00ean ch\u00e2ng c\u00e2n ph\u00e0i r\u00e2p phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n v\u00e2n ch\u00fc ngh\u00efa \u00d4 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u00e2u t\u00e2m \u00e2m muu chi\u00ea'm h\u00fcu t\u00e0i s\u00e0n l\u00e0m c\u00fca ri\u00eang. B\u00f4i th\u00e9 ki 16. Erasmus c\u00f4 t\u00e0i n\u00e0ng thi\u00ean b\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u00e9, dja d\u00e0ng tr\u00e2n gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4n tham lam, d\u00e0n h\u00e7c thi\u00eec uy\u00ean b\u00e2c, th\u00f4ng hi\u00ea\u2019 u cd v\u00e2n v\u00e0 Kinh \u00e1p, bao t\u00e0n hay b\u00e2't binh d\u00e2ng. Th\u00e1nh. Ong dtfa ra nhQng ki\u00ea'n gi\u00e0i d\u00f4c d\u00e1o b\u00e0ng ng\u00f4i but s\u00e1c s\u00e0o d\u00e2y tri tu\u00e7 c\u00fca minh v\u00e0 Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong x\u00e2 h\u00f4i li tu\u00f4ng d\u00f4 c\u00fca Thomas nh$n du<?c si\/ t\u00e1n thu\u00f4ng c\u00fca c\u00e0 gi\u00f4i v\u00e0n ngh\u00e7 Moore, quan ch\u00fcc do d\u00e2n b\u00e2u ra, vi v\u00e0y ho ph\u00e0i lin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. tu nghi\u00eam kh\u00e1c ch\u00e2'p h\u00e0nh ph\u00e0p lu\u00e2t, chi c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 tu, chju si\/ rang bu\u00f4c v\u00e0 d\u00f4'c th\u00fcc c\u00f4 hi\u00e7u qu\u00e0 M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00e2m 1504, Erasmus tinh c\u00f4 doc du\u00e7ic c\u00fca m\u00f4t ch\u00e9 d\u00f4 ho\u00e0n thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e2\u2019 n m\u00e2t. Quan nji\u00fcng ch\u00fc gi\u00e0i v\u00e0 binh lu\u00e2n v\u00e9 kinh T\u00e2n u\u00f4c ch\u00fcc kh\u00f4ng dupe ph\u00e9p I\u00e7Ji dyng ch\u00fcc quy\u00e9n d\u00ea\u2019 c\u00fca Lorenzo Valla trong thi\/ vi\u00e7n c\u00fca m\u00f4t tu vi\u00ean muu loi c\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. tr\u00ean d\u00e2't Bi. \u00f4ng c\u00e0m th\u00e2'y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ht\u00efng th\u00fc n\u00ean d\u00e0 thu th\u00e0p v\u00e0 tim dQC nhDng phi\u00ean b\u00e0n X\u00e2 h\u00f4i li tu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e9 th\u00e0nh hi\u00ean th^ic kh\u00e1c, tham kh\u00e0o th\u00eam t\u00e1c ph\u00e0m c\u00fca nh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00f6i di\u00e9m d\u00f4 n\u00ean bi coi l\u00e0 \u201c Chu ngh\u00efa x\u00e2 h\u00f4i npu\u00f4i di tru\u00f4c d\u00e9 bi\u00ean so?m cu\u00f4'n \u201c T\u00e2n \u00dc\u00d4c\u201d kh\u00f4ng tu\u00f4ng\u201d . Nh\u00fcmg tu tu\u00f4ng v\u00e9 ch\u00ea' d\u00f4 c\u00f4ng h\u00fcu b\u00e0ng \u00fc\u00ea'ng Hy L?p. Cu\u00f4'n s\u00e0ch ch\u00fc y\u00e9u vi\u00e9t d\u00e2 c\u00f4 \u00e0nh h\u00fc\u00f4ng s\u00e2u s\u00e1c t\u00f4i nh\u00fcmg th\u00e9 h\u00ea sau. b^ng ti\u00ea'ng Hy L$p, c\u00f4 d\u00f4'i chi\u00e9u v\u00f4i ti\u00ea'ng Do Th\u00e1\u00a1 cd k\u00e8m theo ph\u00e2n dich v\u00e0 gi\u00e0i thich b\u00e0ng 115W\u00c2 ti\u00eang La Tinh c\u00fca ri\u00eang \u00f4ng.","r kBh\u1ecba\u1ed1n\u0111g\u00e0nl\u1eefg\u1eedtrn\u1ea7gngianl\u00e0 C\u01a1h\u1ed9ic\u1ee7aMartinLothar Etienne Cabet - ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, Martin Luther \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 19 - \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m theo l\u1eddi b\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u201c\u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u1ea9n gian\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. nhau khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng thay d\u1ed5i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u0103r\u00edi 1505, trong l\u00fac c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n binh an v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tu s\u0129. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t s\u1eafc gi\u00fap th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cha, Martin v\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201c\u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u00e0ng tu s\u0129 trong tu vi\u1ec7n. tr\u1ea9n gian\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Moore ng\u1ee3i ca ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do \u00f4ng l\u1ea7 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c). Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ngh\u0129, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u1eef. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh tu h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 Moore \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1edbng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. v\u00e0 d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i, Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Moore \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n l\u00ed m\u1edbi. \u00f4ng k\u1ec3, khi \u00f4ng \u0111ang th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh quy \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ecdp l\u00ea l\u1ebft theo nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus da lung lay. t\u1eebng qua \u1edf La M\u00e3, mong m\u1ecfi s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 mang Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: \u201c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng h\u1eefu, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d . Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y minh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i... Cu\u1ed1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i, t\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Moore c\u0169ng chua ch\u1ec9 ra d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1edbt d\u1ecdc thl th\u1ea5y d\u00e2u d\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef1\u201d . C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin\\\" \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Martin Luther. cho n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o. lia T\u01b0t\u01b0\u1edfngth\u1ea7nh\u1ecdcc\u1ee7aMartinLather Luther kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngu\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3ng linh thi\u00eang, neu kh\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh hu\u1edfng to l\u1edbn t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau. bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. \u00f4ng chia th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ra l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u1ea9n Luther cho r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean nh\u00ecn Ch\u00faa qua h\u1ecdc Vinh quang v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1: Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i sau. th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Jesus kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa cao xa v\u1eddi v\u1ee3i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Vinh quang xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea9n, n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a vao quan ni\u1ec7m \u2018 th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eeb v\u1eady con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00ed t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u201c \u0111\u1eb7c kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u xa. t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n\u201d . C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 V\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u00f4n th\u1edd h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Luther ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng linh Vinh quang, \u00f5ng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u00ed, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, thi\u00eang d\u00e0nh cho con ngu\u1edfi, m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m b\u1edfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, m\u1edbi \u1ec9\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n cao l\u00ed tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u201c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra\u201d m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ban t\u1eb7ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tin l\u00ean ngang t\u1ea7m th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, du\u1eddng nh\u01b0 con ngu\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ee9c tin trung th\u00e0nh n\u00e0\u1ef5 c\u00f3 the th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u201c \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u00f4i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Vinh quang th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu t\u01b0\u1edfng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea9n d\u1ec1 cao l\u00ed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh hoa s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 Luther \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1eaby c\u0169ng k\u00ec di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tm, mang th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d . th\u1ec3 \u0111ong \u0111\u1ebfm n\u1ed1i. Th\u1ea9n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u00ednh con 116","m \u2019 ..... i MartinLntherph\u00e1t\u0111\u1ed9ngc\u1ea3ic\u00e1chtAngi\u00e1o Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t th\u1ee9c ban \u00e2n r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 16 cung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o s\u0129, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Luther b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con Tin L\u00e0nh Luther. du\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i... Luther sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t N\u0103m 1520 l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Luther ng\u1ecdn nui nh\u1ecf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng nu\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. Sau khi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, Luther v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 theo h\u1ecdc Luther ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ea9n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tu s\u0129. N\u0103m 27 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eadn m\u1eaft T\u00f2a \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea9u Luther ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 s\u00e1m ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1\u1ecd, h\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean c\u00e0ng l\u00fac thay \u0111oi hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng xa hoa, m\u1ee5c ru\u1ed7ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng uy hi\u1ebfp, \u0111e h\u1ed9i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. d\u1ecda, Luther kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i hay nao n\u00fang. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Luther \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i Luther t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp n\u00ean h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u, x\u00f3a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed5n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u. d\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng nghi BSLaun\u1eadknhci\u01b0L\u01a1ntnhge9r5phd\u00e1i\u1ea8tub\u201di\u1ec3n \u00ae Gi\u00e0ychu\u1ed9ct\u1ed9i Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea5y chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Luther \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng La M\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1 mi\u1ec5n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ai d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng khai tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1c t\u1ed9i (t\u1ed9i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o quy c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t phen ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t, b\u00e8n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi...). Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng t\u1edbi La M\u00e3 d\u00ea th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn gi\u1ea5y chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi nh\u1eefng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Luther \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m trung gian, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Luther \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ea9m Gi\u1ea5y chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n l\u1ea7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khoan dung \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Luther v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 \u00f4ng h\u00e3y th\u1eeba c\u00f9a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng Luther quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nghe C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn Luther c\u0103m theo. Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u00f4ng t\u1edbi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ed d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea9u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Luther m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec9 \u1ed4i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu v\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn. ch\u1ed1i. Luther ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee9a r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5t k\u00edch \u00f4ng gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng th\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u0169ng gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng. c\u00f4ng, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Do nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, Luther l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c n\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi \u00e2m th\u1ea9m. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Luther \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n, hi khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng du\u1ee3c n\u1eef\u1ea1. N\u0103m 1519, Luther v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda t\u1ea1i Leipzig. M\u1ed1i ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Luther v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi tr\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi l\u1eeda. ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb \\\"\u2019\u1ebf kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.","B\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh N\u0103m 1354, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Charles IV ban b\u1ed1 S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Tri\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3y \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n c\u1eed tri c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u ra ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00ea, h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u201c \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00ea' qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 vu\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u i\u00ed\u00ean Deutsche\u201d ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201c \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i thay, D\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh cung d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Germans\u201d , t\u1ed5n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 962 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m d\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0 danh suy t\u00e0n, t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1806 thi 1806, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c phong ki\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m \u1edd T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Trung di\u1ec7t vong. \u00c2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Otto I c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Saxony s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ic\u1eedtri m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, sang th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n thanh ph\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n qu\u00f4c, h\u1ea7u qu\u1ed1c, b\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd b\u1ea7u ra ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. t\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4' t\u1ef1 do, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a uy quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1eafng \u0111e. \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Ban \u0111\u1ea9u O\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 962, vua \u0110\u1ee9c Otto nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 trao l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng La M\u00e3 t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd San l\u1edbn d\u1ea9n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ee1i n\u1eafm to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n Pietro \u1edf Vincoli, x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Augustus, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a D\u1ebf qu\u00f4c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh. N\u0103m 1154, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Frederick I t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Roma, S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea9u c\u1ed1 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng sau s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Tri\u1ec7n v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Charles do Arnaldo da Brescia l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m IV th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 7 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 \u0110\u1ea1' c\u1eed k\u00edch n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n phong Frederick I l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tri l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c; 4 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri D\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00eam hai th\u1ebf t\u1eadp (thu\u1eddng l\u1ea7 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh trong qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean). B\u1ea7y ng\u00f9\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y,g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1eed tri. Sau n\u00e0y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1eed tri t\u0103ng l\u00ean Trung n\u01b0\u00f4c \u00dd, c\u00f3 l\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, H\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Lan, Czech, Ph\u00e1p, Burgundy v\u00e0 Provence. tT\u1ea1rii\u1ec7Wnotr\u1eadmpscu\u1ed9ch\u1ecdp\u0111\u1ebfqu\u1ed1c Cn\u1ed9cbanhbi\u1ec7nt\u1ea1iLeipzig N\u0103m 1520, Martin ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 15, Leipzig l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4' ch\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf D\u1ee9c l\u00ean cao tr\u00e0o. tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. N\u0103m 1519 ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec 90 % d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa Luther v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Luther c\u00f2n 10% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tuy gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trung l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u00f2 h\u00e9t m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc T\u00f2a c\u00e0ng th\u00eam n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed La Ma. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 rgi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th \u1ec3 khoanh tay \u0111\u1ee9nq nh\u00ecn, \u00f4ng ta cho Cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u0103ng q\u1ee5\u1ef5\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c th\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n l\u1ea9n t\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng d\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00e9p Martin Luther th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi Luther. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a D\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n uy c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Martin th\u00e1nh Charles V l\u1ea7 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh Luther \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201c Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean sau khi b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi T\u00f2a \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, h\u1ed9i cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Worms v\u00e0o n\u0103m s\u1eed v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d , \u201c quy\u1ec1n uy t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c 1521 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi Luther, k\u00ecm h\u00e3m cu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d . T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u0103n r\u1ed9ng. \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a giao ho\u00e0ng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh l\u00ed\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa Luther v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n uy nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi k\u00ec trung c\u1ed5. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Martin Luther b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o. 118","Lutherth\u00e9ch\u1ebftb\u1ea3oV\u1eac ch\u00e2nl\u00ed \u2014\u25a0 _ _tK\u1ea1\u1ebf_it_Wq_uo\u1ea3r_m_hs\u1ed9_i_n_gh_\u1ec9_\u0111_\u1ea5_qu_\u1ed1_c_ _ _ D\u1ea9u th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1521, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, Luther d\u00f9ng l\u00ed qu\u00f4c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5\u1ef5 th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t, tranh c\u00e3i n\u1ea3y l\u1eeda trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, an to\u00e0n cho Martin Luther, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea9rri toan cho Luther tham gia cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Worms, n\u00ean h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tiep t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Khi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho c \u00e1 c n\u01a1i thu h\u1ed5i t\u00e1 c Luther t\u1eeb W orms tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u tung ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Luther. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean h\u00f4, gi\u01a1 hai tay bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Worms \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fac m\u1eebng\u0129 Nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4i Luther. nguy hi\u1ec3m r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp Luther ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Luther th\u1ef1c ch \u1ea5 t r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft g i\u1ea5 y th\u00f4ng Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1521, Luther \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng an to\u00e0n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu tri Saxony va c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed thi\u00eau s\u1ed1ng, cho r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Worms, thay t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, nh\u1eef nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, sau khi suy ngh\u0129 \u0110\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, Luther v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi Worms. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho b\u1ea1n Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 5, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00ea' qu\u1ed1c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u00ed l\u1ec7nh h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc th\u00e2n quy\u1ec3n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Luther, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, r\u1ed5i v\u1eeba h\u00e1t vang W orms , tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Luther l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9n t\u1eed d\u1ecb \u0111oan b\u00e0i ca \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, \u00f4ng v\u1eeba t\u1edbi ngoan c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i, c\u1ea9n b\u1ea5t giam c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb d\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Worms. th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch do Luther vi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng Lutherph\u1ea3nk\u00edch c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00ed g\u00ec khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Luther \u0111a \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed5n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Sau khi d\u00e1n \u201c Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u\u201d g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, Martin Luther v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i Kh\u1edfingh\u0129an\u00f4ngd\u00e0nB\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1521, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 Th\u1ea9n th\u00e1nh Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n 0\u1ee8 C di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o Charles V nghe theo \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, ra kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1524 t\u1edbi 1525, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef Luther, bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn d\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u. Nguy\u00ean sai l\u1ea9m c\u00f9a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u201c Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u\\\". Luther \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c. bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n kh\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea9u v\u00f4 l\u00ed n\u00e0y. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1524, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean n\u1ed5 ra \u1edf Schwaben, mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, r\u1ed5i lan r\u1ed9ng Th\u1ebf i\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ra kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. 2\/3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u00ea' qu\u1ed1c v\u1ed1n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i Luther nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ee3 m\u00f2, c\u00f4ng nghe m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. nh\u00e2n d\u1ec7t... Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1525, qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00fchlhausen, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mang t\u00ean \u201c Ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed9i V\u0129nh c\u1eedu\\\", l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Thomas M\u00fcntzer du\u1ee3c b\u1eafu l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cT\u1ecbch thu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f9a qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c phong ki\u1ebfn, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 phong ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.\u201d Gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c phong ki\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i de \u0111\u1ecda t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeba kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, vl th\u00ea' li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Th\u00e1ng 5, qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb li\u00ean qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, Thomas M\u00fcntzer hi sinh. \\\" '\u1ebf","Martin Luther ph\u1ea3n dtfi kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u1ed1ng d\u1ea3n Phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, Luther cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng khai k\u00eau tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi: \u201c D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ai, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec d\u00f9 ng\u1ea5m ng\u00e2m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. L\u00fac n\u00e0y hay c\u00f4ng khai, c\u0169ng n\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u1eed, truy s\u00e1t, \u00e1m s\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3 d\u1ea1i.\u201d S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t Luther c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u do d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 lung l\u1ea1c \u00fd ch\u00ed. c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u201c Th\u01b0 khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed5 C\u01a1 D\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n\u201d , mong s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Luther \u0111\u00e3 xa r\u1eddi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, d\u1eb9p y\u00ean b\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea9ng l\u1edbp th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. C\u00f2n lo\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft \u201cTh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 Luther ph\u00e1t d\u00e2n b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a\u201d , t\u1eeb ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4n h\u00f2a, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fat h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. t\u1eeb v\u1ed7 v\u1ec3, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ef1u chung l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p. d\u1eaft c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Luther v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. cLa\u00e1tchhetr\u1ed1vn\u1ea3B\u1ea3i\u1ea7nohnha\u01b0\u00e1\u1edfcnAgnt\u1eedhic\u1ea3i xCu\u1ea3\u1ea5itc\u00e1hci\u1ec7hnt\u00f4knh\u1ea3gni\u00e1gohAon\u1ea3hng N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 Luther ph\u00e1t Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Anh \u0111\u1ee9ng tru\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Ban nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7, thi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Luther th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh Henry VIII v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n. gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng La M\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 1521, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Catherine ch\u1ec9 sinh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i k\u00edn, chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 \u0111u\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i th\u00ec m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh n\u1edf. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Luther. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 Tyndall sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong ngai v\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nu\u1edbc Anh chua h\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh sang c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady Henry VIII ti\u1ebfng Anh, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch tai h\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u00f3 con k\u00ea th\u1eeba ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o La ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng khi \u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n d\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c M\u00e3. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Luther li h\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng La M\u00e3, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng do e ng\u1ea1i ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Catherine l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh Charles V n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea9u c\u1ea9n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n c\u1ee9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. gi\u00e1o \u1edf Anh nhen nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ecb d\u00e2n m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi 120 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i d\u00f2m ngo t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, tha thi\u1ebft mong mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadt \u0111\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 chia ch\u00e1c \u201c mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i ngon\u201d n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Henry VIII do li h\u00f4n b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u201c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t\u201d v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3. N\u0103m 1529, Henry VIII m\u1edf h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n d\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ed3i cho ra \u0111\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Anh qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Anh qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n dung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o tru\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u01a1 D\u1ed1c mang \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: c\u20ac\u1ea5c\/p\u00c1\u00e1t\/\u00e1\u00ed\u00ea\u00ed\u00ec\/\u0111\u00ed\u01a1\/t(\/ H\u1ed9i dong ch\u00ednh: m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C olum bus ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi Columbus, Dias, Vasco da Gama, M agellan l\u00e0 b\u00f4n nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch noi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, vi\u1ebft n\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed m\u1edbi cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n m i n h Aztec Khi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra, giao l\u01b0u gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aztec l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng. '2' \u1eb1","\u1ec6i\u1ea9\u00aeQ a^m \u1ecfW \u1ea7U ; cua h\u1ec9\u1ebdn \u0111\u1ec9a Phong Ir\u00e0o tr\u1ea3 l\u1ecdi l\u1edfnh th\u1ed5 d\u1edf chia c\u1ed5t b\u00e1n dao Iberio Ih\u00e0nh hai v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c: \u0129\u00f4y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. \u0110\u1ea0I T\u00c2Y D\u01af\u01a0NG V\u01af\u01a0NG QU\u1ed0C Cu\u1ed1i fh\u00ea k\u1ec9 fn\u1ee9 15, f\u1ecdi cung ^ PH\u00c1P \u0111i\u1ec7n Alhambra c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Granada, v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Nasrid \u2022 VU\u00fcfc, ^ v\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec1u d\u1ecdo H\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ea1 \u00b0 J | | V\u01af\u1ee8KG QU\u1ed0C T\u00c2Y BAN NHA fr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia. B\u1ebc\u00ca\u1eb5 MADRID , \\\".J\u1ec2\u1ea7 ADA) \u00f4 < 3 Q BIA TRUNG H\u1ea2I 4 ,\u00bb \u2022* V A ' f AA i'\\\\y* 1","NH\u00d3C V\u00c2N CH\u00c1U \u0110\u1ec2 MANG MU\u1ed0N T\u1edaI V\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 H\u1ed5 D\u1eccCMARCO PH\u01af\u01a0NG TI\u00caU V\u1ec0, K\u1ebeM M\u1ed8T KHO\u00c1N POLO H\u1ea2? \u0110\u00d4NG. KHA KH\u00c1. CH\u00c1U \u0111 i\u00ea n h \u1ea3 ? L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00faa \u0110\u1ecba T r u n g h\u1ea3i DO \u0110\u1ebe QU\u1ed0C Ot t o m a n n \u1eaf m GK\u0128 \u0111 \u1ea5 y !","TH\u1ef0C RA MU\u00d4N T\u1edaI CH\u1ec8 c \u1ea7 n v \u00f2 n g q u a PH\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u00d4NG, KH\u00d4NG L\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ecaA CH\u00c2U Phi NH\u1ea4T TH\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2I QUA \u0110\u1ecaA TRUNG H\u1ea2I. TA T\u1eebng L\u00c0 S\u1ebc T\u1edaI PH\u00cdA n ghe NH\u1ee8NG TH\u00daY TH\u1ee6 \u0110\u00d4NG \u1ea4N \u0111 \u1ed9 . ' R\u1eb0NG: B\u1ea5 QU\u1ed0C O\u0128\u0128OMAN \u1ec9au khi chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng La M\u00e2 v\u00e0o n\u1ed5m 1453, \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c O\u00ed\u00edoman \u0111\u00e2 m\u1ecf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c to b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1o \u0129i\u1ec3u A l\u1edbi l\u1ed9n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Balkan. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Hieo Co D\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u1ecf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u r\u00e1i b\u1ed1t m\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t coi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9.","N\u00c4NG, CH\u00daNG TH\u1ea6N H\u00daA S\u1ebc CHIA M\u1ed8T N\u1ee8A s \u1ed1 L\u1ee2l NHU\u1eacN CHO B\u1ec6 H\u1ea0. MONG B\u1ec6 H\u1ea0 CH\u1ea4P THU\u1eacN \u0110\u1ec0 NGH\u1eca C\u1ee6A CH\u00daNG TH\u1ea6N. CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG N\u1ed0I V\u1edaI \u1ea4n \u0110 \u1ed9 TH\u00cc T\u1ed0T QU\u00c1. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e2 th\u00e0nh l\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n do ho\u00e0ng t\u1ee7 Henry, con Irai vua Joao I d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebf b\u00e2\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean h\u1ea3i Ir\u00ecnh. V\u00e0o th\u00f2i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed3 D\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e2 b\u00e3i \u1ec1\u1ed3u Ih\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m b\u1edd \u0129\u00e2y ch\u00e2u Phi. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Co \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o mu\u1ed1n li\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u Phi.","HAY q u \u00e1 ! H\u00c2Y \u0110\u1ee2I TA Ch\u00fang ta T\u1edaI NH\u00c9, H\u1edeI \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ea4P V\u00c0NG R\u00d2NG V\u00c0 H\u01af\u01a0NG NH\u1edaNG CON THUY\u1ec0N T\u1ed0T U \u1ec6 ll! NH\u1ea4T I I CHl\u1ebeC LA B\u00c0N N\u00c0Y M\u1edaI th\u1eadt! K\u1ec9 \u0128HU\u1eac\u0128 H\u00c0NG H\u1ea2I V\u01af\u1ecc\u0129 TR\u1ed8I \u0129r\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edh\u1ebf k\u1ec9 14, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n Ih\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ph\u1ecdm vi di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ed1f ng\u1ed1n. D\u1ea7u Ih\u1ebf k\u1ec9 14, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1i minh ra la b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f5 th\u00fac d\u1ea9y ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1i Iri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1edd la b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3ng cao \u1ec3\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh. \u0129h\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u1ec9\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ee7a (\u00f3c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 quan \u1ec9\u00e1t Ihi\u00e9n v\u00e2n gi\u00fap x\u00f3c \u1ec3\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00f3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. V\u00ec \u00edh\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ec3\u00e2 mgnh d\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00edhuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u1ec3i xuy\u00ean \u0111gi d\u01b0\u01a1ng, f\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1edbi. \u25a0!","J ttL .","Nh\u1eebng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha men \u00edheo \u1ec3\u01b0\u00f2ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0129\u00e0y ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam. N\u00e2m 1488, Barfolomeu D\u00edas \u0111\u00e2 f\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i H\u00e1o V\u1ecdng \u1ecf c\u1ef1c Nam ch\u00e2u Phi. D\u1ea0I T\u00c2Y D\u01af\u0168NG L\u1ed9 TR\u00ccNH H\u00c0NGH\u1ea2I C\u1ee6ABAHTOLOMEU DIAS 128","Cu\u1ed1i Ih\u00e9 k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 15, NG\u01af\u01a0I N\u00d3I R\u1eb0NG m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfi t\u00edm KH\u00d4NG C\u1ea6N V\u00d2NG l\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0129\u00e0y Ban QUA M\u0168I H\u1ea2O V\u1eccNG Nha m\u1edbi Ih\u00e0nh l\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chua l\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean V\u1ea8N T\u1edaI \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C lo ciirii\u00edopher Columbus. 129,","Gi\u1ed1c m\u01a1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Chrisfopher Columbus xu\u1ed1f ph\u00e1i f\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n \u00ed\u00e1ch \\\"Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn ih\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Marco Polo\\\" (\u0129\u00ean kh\u00e1c: K\u00ed s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u00f4ng) Columbus rc\u00edf ng\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecdng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u00f4ng xa x\u00f4i, \u00f4ng (hgy \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 D\u00e0o Nha \u1ec3\u1ec3 l\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 f\u1eeb ho\u00e0ng gia. Ng\u00e0y 2 fh\u00e1ng 1 n\u00e2m 1492, c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecdo H\u1ed3i fr\u1ebdn b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o Iberia - Granada \u0111\u00e2 roi v\u00e0o lay qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0128\u1ed3y Bon Nha. C\u01a1 H\u1ed8I T\u1edaI R\u1ed3l! N\u0102M N\u0102M CH\u1edc \u0110\u1ee2I C\u1ee6A M\u00ccNH KH\u1ed0NG H\u1ec0 V\u00d4 \u00cdCH. L\u1ea6N N\u00c0Y CH\u1eaeC CH\u1ea8N N\u1eec HO\u00c0NG ISABELLA S\u1ebc \u0110\u1ed4NG \u00dd \u0110\u1ec0 NGH\u1eca C\u1ee6A M\u00ccNH.","Columbus d\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c G\u00ec C\u01a1? CH\u00daNG MU\u1ed0N t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0111 \u1ed9 p h \u1ea3 i v \u00f2 n g QUA CH\u00c2U PHI, \u0110I THEO H\u01af\u1edaNG th\u1ecfa nguy\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0ng TA \u0110I THEO PH\u00cdA thai \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e2 \u0110\u1ed4NG CH\u00da! Khu v \u1ef1 c BI\u1ec2N c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng ba con T\u1ea6Y QUA \u0110\u1ea0I PH\u00cdA T\u1ea6Y R\u1ea4T NGUY HI\u00caM, thuy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0110I TH\u00cc NGANG V\u1edaI T\u1ef1 S\u00c1T th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 th\u00ec... T\u00c2V D\u01af\u01a0NG SAO? r.\u00c2lt DM A \u00c0 ? C\u00c1C t h \u1ee7 y t h \u00fa SAO? N\u1ebeU B\u1eb0NG L\u00d2NG RA KH\u01a0I KH\u00d4NG CH\u1ecaU KH\u1eceI TH\u00cc S\u1eba \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C h\u00e0nh, l \u00e0 m sao \u0110\u00e2 y ? MI\u1ec0N CH\u1ebeT \u00c0? TUY\u1ec6T QU\u00c1!","","\\\"\u00d1\u00edu\/ng h\u00e0nh fnr\u00fchc\u1ee7a Columbu^\u1ecakh\u1ecfng h\u1ec1 su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Sau khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, \u0111o\u00e0n \u00edhuy\u1ec1n cua \u1ecfng bj ihuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 D\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 l\u00e2n c\u00f2ng. $au \u0111\u00f3, \u0111o\u00e0n thuy\u1ec1n l\u1eefbg\u1ed9p pnai b\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Ihuy\u1ec1n bi h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng v\u00ec s\u1eeda cn\u1eedar\u00edhuy\u1ec1n h\u1ecfng n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u00edt th\u1eddi gian. 133; \u1ea5","Thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee9 Ih\u1ebf \u0111i gi\u1eefa Dgi \u0129\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9} h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 fh\u1ebfy m\u1ed9i bi\u1ec3n ng\u00faf l\u00e0m m\u1ed5f, Ih\u1ee7y fh\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed5f \u0111\u00e0u hoang mang. THUY\u1ec0N N\u00c0Y TH \u00cc CH\u00daNG TA c\u1ee9 T \u1ebe P T\u1ee4C V\u1ec0 S \u1ebc T\u1edaI RANH GI\u1edaI H\u01af\u1edaNG T\u1ea6Y \u0110\u1ea0I CU\u1ed0I C\u00d9NG C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I D\u01af\u01a0NG CH\u1ee8 T\u1ea6V D\u01af\u01a0NG. SAO N\u1ee8A. \\\\ N\u1ebeU 'MAU CHO THUY\u1ec0N ' C \u1ee9 \u0110 IV \u1ec0 QUAY \u0110\u1ea6U L\u1ea0 I N\u1ebeU KH\u00d4NG CH\u00daNG TA PH\u00cdA N\u00c0Y S \u1ebc G \u1ebe T CH\u1ebeT \u0110\u00d4 TH\u00cc KH\u00c1C G\u00cc \u0110\u1ed0C COLUM BUS.^ _ T\u1ef1 S\u00c1T.","M\u1eccI NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1eeaNG H\u1ed0T HC\u1ea2NG, H\u00c3Y B\u00ecnh T\u0129nh nghe T\u1ed3i n\u00f3). Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ec2 c \u00f3 \u0110\u1ec2M CU\u1ed0I C\u00d9A TH\u1ebe G\u1eca\u1edat B\u1ecfl V\u00cc TR\u00c1I DAT H\u00ccNH C\u1ea6U. \u1eca0mP \u00ec \/\\\\ 1} CH\u00daNG TA T\u1ea0I sao 5 \u1ec2 N\u1ebeM \u00f4 n g ' B\u1eccN TA PH\u1ea2I ' J XU\u1ed0NG BI\u1ec2N L\u00c0M M\u1ed2I CHO C\u00c1, R\u1ed5l TIN \u00d4NG? QUAY THUY\u1ec0N TR\u1ede V\u1ec0. \\\"*11% h--1*1\u00c1\/V\u1ecaM \/ >\u00ec\u00c1^\u1eb1 A H\u00c3Y CHO T\u00d4I V 1 \u2019\u0129? yi\u00a5PlmiA,\u00bb11 ( 1 \u1ecb V* BA NG\u00c0Y N\u1ebeU 11 K k \u1ea4 j\u1ec2 BA NG\u00c0Y N\u1ee9A M\u00c0 V CH\u01afA TH\u1ea4Y \u0110\u1ea4T M\u1ea4Y NG\u00c0Y NAY T\u00d4I \u0110\u1ea2 LI\u1ec0N TH\u00cc CH\u00daNG TA QUAN S\u00c1T TH\u1ea4Y NH\u1ee8NG C\u00c0NH C\u00c2Y TR\u00d4I D\u1ea0T TR\u00caN M\u1eb6T BI\u00caN, 5\u1eba QUAY V\u1ec2. TR\u00caN TR\u1edcI TH\u1ea4P THO\u00c1NG NH\u1ee9NG C\u00c1NH CHIM V\u1ed1N S\u1ed1NG TR\u00caN \u0110\u1ea4T LI\u1ec0N. C h\u00fa n g b \u00e1 o CHO TA BI\u1ebeT R\u1eb0NG: SAP T\u1edaI \u0110\u1ea4T LI\u1ec0N R\u1ed2I. V","Ng\u00e0y 12 \u1ec9h\u00e1ng 10, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o 2 gi\u00f2 d\u00e8m ng\u00e0y th\u00fa ba... \u0110\u00daNG L\u00c0 Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u00c1NH L\u1edaA U\u1ec2NR\u1ed4I\u0128 T\u1edaI PH\u01af\u1ee0N# th \u1ead t! \u0110\u00d4NGR\u1ed4I\u00cd MU\u00d4N N\u1ea2M! toYrT V\u00ed^ 1 sk 1 \u1ebc\u01af\u00d9NGBI\u1ec2NC\u1eea\u1eae|OL\u1ecaJMBUSy I HA HA HA, BAI T\u00c2Y D\u01af\u01a0NG CU\u1ed0I C\u00d9NG C\u0168NG T\u1edaI BAO SAMSALTADOS \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed9. G\u1ea6N \u00c2N \u0110 \u1ed9 CH\u1eaeC CH\u1eaeN C\u00d3 \u0110\u00c1O V\u00c0NG. MAU \u0110I T\u00ccM xem !","","Sau khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Ih\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ir\u00e8n \u0111\u1ea3o, C h\u00fang t\u00f4i Columb\u1ee5s g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh-\u0111icng (Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed4I HOA QU\u1ea2 nq\u01b0\u00f2i An D\u1ed9). L\u1ea4 Y NH\u1ee8NG \u0110\u1ed4 V\u1eacT \u0110\u1eb8P '1 % \u0110\u1eba N\u00c0Y. TH\u1ed4 D\u00c2N \u1ecf \u0110\u00c2Y CH\u1ea4T PH\u00c1C, L\u01af\u01a0NG THI\u1ec6N, N\u00caN TRUY\u1ec0N \u0110\u1ea0O CHO H\u1ecc Hl HI HI... B\u1eaeT V\u00c0I \u0110\u00daA V\u1ec0 N\u01af\u1edaC L\u00c0M N\u00d4 L\u1ec6, S\u1eba KI\u1ebeM \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C KHO\u1ea2N TI\u1ec0N L\u1edaN.","","CH\u1ec8 n h\u1eed n g M\u1edaI HO\u00c0N NG\u01af\u1edcI c \u00f3 TH\u00c0NH \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00d2NG D\u0168NG NHI\u1ec6M V\u1ee4 V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I C\u1ea2M V\u00c0 TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 NH\u01af COLUMBUS, 140","141","\u0129h\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, do kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec9a nh\u01b0 mong chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ' m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1f \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c \u00edi\u1ebfn tri\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. W ju y L\\\\J Iiiu n y J n u m IJU U , Columbus l\u1eeb gi\u00e0 c\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f2i, h\u01b0\u1edfng Ih\u1ecd 55 lu\u1ed5i. NGU\u1ed0N G\u1ed0C T\u00caN G\u1eccI L\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ecaA M\u00d3I ... \u0129rong qu\u00e0ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1492 \u0111\u1ebfn 1504, Columbus B\u1ea0I T\u00c0Y D\u01af\u01a0NG \u0111\u00e2 ba l\u1ea7n d\u00e2n thuy\u1ec1n fh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0ong. fEZUELA* Ong \u0111\u00e2 ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ra qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o Bahamas, Cuba v\u00e0 \u0110AI L\u1ee4C Jamaica, c\u00f2n t\u1edbi g\u00e0n v\u1edbi Panama. Noi n\u00e0y \u00edau \u0111\u00f3 \u00edr\u1ecf NAM M\u0129 th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nha. d\u00f9I TR\u00ccNH L\u1eb2N \u0110\u1eb0U A COLUMBUS. Ong c\u00f2n ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1 \u0129rinidad v\u00e0 Venezuela, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ven An \u0110\u1ed9. ITRlNH L\u1eb0N TRffttAI c\u1ee7a COLUMBUS C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi y Americus Vcspucius \u0111\u00f5 t TR\u00ccNH L\u1eb0N w \u1eef BA C\u1ee6A COLUMBUS. ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edd bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f2ng B\u1ed5c Nam Mi d\u00e0i hon ! TRlNH C\u1ee6A \u00bfMERICUS VESPUCIUS 1.200 km, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ed9y \u00f3ng \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00f3i, M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed1y l\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9} cho l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Amcricus (\u0110\u1ecdi l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u M\u00ec).","Vi\u1ec7c Columbus ph\u00e1f hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ee5c VASCO \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi \u1ec3\u1edf day l\u00e9n tr\u1ebdn kh\u00e2p ch\u00e2u DA GAMA \u00c2u m\u1ed9f con $\u1ed1f l\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y 8 \u00edh\u00e1ng 7 n\u00e2m 1497, Vasco da Gama \u0111\u00e2 d\u00e2n Iheo b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh f\u1eeb Li\u1ec9bon, B\u1ed3 D\u00e0o Nha. VASCO DA GAMA, NG\u01af\u01a0I V\u00c2NG, TH\u1ea6N S\u1ebc KH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ec2 THUA c \u1ed1 G\u1eaeNG HO\u00c0N C0LUMBCJ5, PH\u1ea2I KH\u1eaeC TH\u00c0NH NHI\u1ec6M PH\u1ee4C M\u1eccI KH\u00d3 KHAN v\u1ee5! ' \u0110\u00ca T \u1ebe N V\u1ec2 \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed9. 1 COLUM BUS C\u00d2N TA \u0110\u1ecaNH \u0110I THEO T\u1edaI \u1ea4n \u0110 \u1ed9 H\u01af\u1edaNG \u0110\u00d4NG, V\u00d2NG QUA CH\u00c2U PHI T\u1edaI AN \u0110\u1ed9, NH\u1ea4T T\u1eeb PH\u00cdA \u0110\u1ecaNH PH\u1ea2I MANG HO TI\u00caU T\u1ea6Y. V V\u1ec0 CHO B\u1ed2 \u0110\u00c0O NHA.","\u0129h\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u00f2, ki Ihu\u1ed9l h\u00e0ng h\u00e1i r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1i Iri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c con thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111i men theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f2 bi\u1ec3n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edh\u1ec3 ra kh\u01a1i xa. \u0129h\u00f2i gian di bi\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u Ih\u00ec Ih\u1ee7y Ih\u1ee7 c\u00e0ng hoang mang.","","Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u00e2m 1499, B\u1ed5 \u0110\u00c0O NHA Vasco da Gama cu\u1ed1i CH\u00daNG TA CU\u1ed0I c\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Lisbon, l\u00fac kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh C\u00d9NG C\u1ee6NG c\u00f3 170 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi v\u1ec1 \/^CH\u00d4NG C\u1ea6N TH\u00d4NG t\u1edbi noi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 44 ' \u1ecb QUA NG\u01af\u1edcI \u1ea2 R\u1eacP ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3i. \/ x \u0111 \u1ec3 m u a h\u1ed5 THU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ecaA C\u1ee6A \u0128\u00c1y BAN NHA V\u00c0 VI\u00cd\u0168NG gu\u1ed1c B\u1ed2 B\u00c0O NHA. \u0110AI T\u00c1Y DU\u0168NG N\u00e2m 1494, \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u1eb2N S\u1ed9 D\u01af\u01a0NG D\u00e0o Nha, hai qu\u1ed1c gi\u0169 ph\u00e1i \u00edri\u1ec3n nh\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee1 k\u00ed \\\"\u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc THU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ecaA B\u00d2 \u0110\u00c0O NHA \u0129ordesillas\\\" \u1ec3\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c Iranh B\u1eee\u1eeaNGG\u1eca\u1ee0ITUY\u00c9N TRONG gi\u00e0nh d\u1ed1t \u0111ai ir\u00ean v\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ~m\u1ec0D \u01a1\u1edbc TORDESILLAS'' m\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: L\u00e2y vi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0129\u00e2y 45 l\u00e0m gi\u1edbi luy\u1ebfn (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9l trong h\u00ecnh v\u00e8), ph\u00eda D\u00f2ng \u00edhu\u1ed9c B\u1ed3 0\u00d2O Nha, ph\u00eda \u0129\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c \u0129\u00e2y Ban Nha. 146","i * L A r> aSM ias;"]