Chapter 1Alphabets of Nepali (Devnagari) scriptNepali is written in Devnagari script.Vowels cf O O{ pc aa(jam) i(sleep) i: woo(loop)a (tom) P P] cf] cf}pm ae(men) ai(boy) o(hole) au(cow)wooConsonantss vu 3 ªka(cut) kha* ga(gut) gha* na(king)r 5h em `cha(cheese) chha* ja(just) jha* ña 9 0f6 78 dha* nata(top) tha* da(dog) w gt yb dha na e dta tha dak km a bha* ma(mud) j zpa(pot) pha(form) ba(ball) wa(won) sa(sun)o /n q 1ya(yes) ra(run) la(love) tra(trunk) gyaif ; x Ifsa sa ha(hall) ChhyaTips for prononciation-*letters are pronounced with strong release of breath.-6 7 8 9 0f are pronounced by touching the palate whereas t y b w g(letters in bold) are pronounced in similar way but with tip of tonguetouching the teeth.-Symbol ' ~' is for nasalization and ' : ' is for longer pronounce.Constructing syllablesSyllables are formed by combining each consonant with the vowels.Example:s sf ls sL s' s\" s] s} sf] sf}ka kaa ki ki: ku ku: ke kai ko kau
Half characters-S, V , U , £ , ª\ , R , 5\ , H , √ , ~ , 6\ , 7\ , 8\ , 9\ , 0 , T , Y , b\ , W , G , K ,, ø , /\ , N , J , Z , i , : , ≈ , I , œ-You may also find ' \ ' eg s\ ,v\ to denote the half charactersSpecial characters b| dra, s| kra, u| gra etc § glutton ¨ King, Í think Q as in lkQ pitta (meaning gall bladder in nepali) B as in ljBfyL{ Bidhyarthi (meaning student in nepali) 2 as in lhl2 Jiddi (meaning stubborn) ¢ as in a'¢ buddha å as in ljåfg bidwan (meaning intelligent) > as in >d shram (meaning labour)-There is line above all Nepali alphabets.
Numbers in Nepali 40 $) rfln; Chalis 41 $!Psrfln; Ekchalis 1 ! Ps Ek 42 $@ aofln; Bayalis 2 @ bO' { Dui 43 $# lqrfln; Trichalis 3 # ltg Teen 44 $$rf}jfln; Chauwalis 4 $ rf/ Char 45 $%k}+tfln; Paitalis 5 % kf“r Paãch 46 $^5ofln; Chhayalis 6 ^ 5 Chha 47 $&;trfln; Satchalis 7 & ;ft Saat 48 $*c7rfln; Athchalis 8 * cf7 Aath 49 $(pgGkrf; Unanpachas 9 ( gf} Nau 50 %) krf; Pachas 10 !) b; Das 51 %! PsfpGg Ekaunna 11 !! P3f/ Yeghara 52 %@ afpGg Baunna 12 !@ afx| Bara 53 %# lqkGg Tripanna 13 !# tx] | Tera 54 %$ rjGg Chawanna 14 !$ rfw} Chaudha 55 %% krkGg Pachpanna 15 !% kGw| Pandra 56 %^ 5kGg Chhapanna 16 !^ ;f]x| Sora 57 %& ;GtfpGg Santaunna 17 !& ;q Satra 58 %* cG7fpGgAnthaunna 18 !* c7f/ Athara 59 %( pgG;f¶L Unansatthi 19 !( pGgfO;Unnais 60 ^) ;f¶L Saatthii 20 @) la; Bis 61 ^! Ps;¶L Eksathhi 21 @! PSsfO; Ekkais 62 ^@ a;} ¶L Baisatthi 22 @@ afO; Bais 63 ^# lq};¶L Trisatthi 23 @# tO] ; Teis 64 ^$ rf;}+ ¶L Chausatthi 24 @$ rf}la;Chaubis 65 ^% k+};¶L Paisatthi 25 @% klRr; Pachis 66 ^^ 5}+;¶L Chhaisatthi 26 @^ 5lAa; Chhabis 67 ^& ;t;} ¶LSatsatthi 27 @& ;QfO; Sattais 68 ^* c7;¶L Athsatthi 28 @* c¶fO; Atthais 69 ^(pgG;Q/LUnansattari 29 @(pglGt; Unantis 70 &) ;Q/L Sattari 30 #) lt; Tis 71 &! PsxQ/ Ekhattar 31 #! PslQ;Ektis 72 &@ axQ/ Bahattar 32 #@ alQ; Battis 73 &# lqxQ/ Trihattar 33 ## t]lQ; Tettis 74 &$ rfx} Q/ Chauhattar 34 #$ rf}l+ t;Chautis 75 &% krxQ/ Pachhattar 35 #% kl+} t; Paitis 76 &^ 5xQ/ Chhahattar 36 #^ 5lQ; Chhatis 77 && ;txQ/ Sathattar 37 #& ;}+lt; Saitis 78 &* c7xQ/ Athhattar 38 #* c7lt; Attis 39 #(pgGrfln; Unanchalis
79 &( pgf;L Unasi 90 () gAa] Nabbe80 *) c;L Asi 91 (!PsfGgAa] Ekannabe81 *! Psf;L Ekasi 92 (@aofGgAa] Bayannabbe82 *@ aof;L Bayasi 93 (#lqofGgAa]Triyannabbe83 *# lqof;L Triyasi 94 ($rf}/fGgAa]Chaurannabbe84 *$ rf/} f;L Chaurasi 95 (%kGrfGgAa]Panchannabbe85 *% krf;L Pachasi 96 (^5ofGgAa]Chhayannabbe86 *^ 5of;L Chhayasi 97 (&;GtfGgAaS] antannabbe87 *& ;tf;L Satasi 98 (*cG7fGgAaA] nthannabbe88 ** c7f;L Athasi 99 ((pgfG;o Unansaya89 *( pgfGgAa]Unannabbe 100 !)) ;o Saya! Ps ek One!) bz das Ten!)) ;o saya Hundred!))) xhf/ hajaar Thousand!)))) bz xhf/ das hajaar Ten thousand!))))) Ps nfv ek lakh Hundred thousand!)))))) bz nfv das lakh Million!))))))) s s/f8] ek karod Ten million!)))))))) bz s/f]8 das karod Hundred million!))))))))) Ps c/a ek arab Billion!)))))))))) bz c/a das arab Ten billion!))))))))))) Ps v/a ek kharab Hundred billionHundreds100 Ps ;o (ek saya)200 b'O{ ;o (dui saya)500 kf“r ;o (panch saya)eg. 720 is written as &@) and read as ;ft ;o la; (sat saya bis)Thousands1000 Ps xhf/ (ek hajar)2000 bO' { xhf/ (dui hajar)6000 5 xhf/ (chha hajar)eg. 8293 is written as *@(# and read as cf7 xhf/ bO' { ;o lqofGgAa] (aathhajar dui saya triyannabbe)
Expressing numbersFor persons: number+jana +manchheone person- Pshgf dfG5] ek jana manchhetwo persons- b'O{hgf dfG5] duijana manchheone hundred fifty persons: Ps ;o krf;hgf dfG5] ek saya pachas janamanchheFor other things: 'one' has special formation, but in all othernumbers- number+ wataone book- Pp6f lstfa yeuta kitaabtwo books- bO' j6f lstfa duiwata kitaabthree books- ltgj6f lstfa tinwata kitaabFor positionsExcept for first, second, third, fourth, sixth and ninth it is formed by-number +aũfirst- klxnf] pahilosecond- bf];f| ] dosrothird- t];f| ] tesrofourth- rfy}+ f] chauthofifth- kf“rf}+ paãchaũsixth- 5}7f+} chhaithaũseventh- ;ftf}+ sataũeighth- cf7f+} aathaũninth- gjf}+ nawaũtenth- b;f}+ dasaũ
Chapter 2NounsSome examples of Nepali nouns are presented below:Name of personsRamShyamSitaRoshanSudanSubarnaPrakashName of inanimate thingsHouse- 3/ gharwater- kfgL paaniriver- glb nadeebook- lstfa kitabAbstract nounslove- dfof mayastrenth- an balshyness- nfh laj-Note nouns and pronouns can be made plural by simply adding ' -haru' at the end.eg. Books- KitabharuPronouns1. First person: I- d ma, We- xfdL hami2. Second person:There are three levels of politeness in Nepali whilespeaking to other personLow: t“ tã Middle: ltdL timi High: tkfO{+ tapai3. Third person: he/she- pm woo, pgL uni; this/it- of] yo; that- Tof] tyoTips:-For your colleagues and juniors use timi , for all others use tapai-Since there is already use of respect in pronouns and verbs you mayfind that word like 'please' (in Nepali s[kof kripaya) is less frequentlyused in Nepali.-To make plural, add -haru after the words. eg. timiharu, uniharu
Wh questionswho- sf] kowhat- s] kewhen- slxn] kahilewhere- sxf“ kahãwhy- lsg kinawhose- s;sf] kaskowhich- s'g kunhow- s;/L kasariPossessive forms-Possesive forms of nouns as well as pronouns are formed by addingeither -ro or -ko to the wordExample: My- d]/f] mero Our- xfd|f] hamro your- t]/f] tero, ltd|f] timro, tkfO{+sf] tapaiko his/her- p;sf] usko/ pgsf] unko Sumit's- ;'ldtsf] sumitko (for all names add -ko)Note: There are no articles in Nepali.Adjectives full- k/\" f pura half- cfwf aadhagood-/fdf| ] ramro clever- af7f] bathobad- g/fdf| ] naramro foolish- dv\" { murkhasmall-;fgf] sano lazy- clN5 alchhibig/large- 7\"nf] thulo active- hf“ul/nf] jagarilofat- df]6f] moto black/dark- sfnf] kalothin- b\"Anf/] kftnf] dublo/patalo white(color)- ;]tf] setoshort- xf+]rf] hocho white(person)- uf]/f] gorotall- cUnf] aglo rich- wlg dhanidelicious- ld7f] mitho poor- ul/a garibuntasty- gld7f] namitho courageous- ;fx;L sahasiold- a9\" f] budhoyoung- hjfg jawan
AdverbsAdverbs can be formed by three ways in Nepali.1. By adding ;“u sanga to the adjective.Example: /fdf| ] +;u“ = /fd|f;] “u ramro+sanga=ramrosanga Go home nicely /fd|f;] “u 3/ hfpm .(l;t sita may be used instead of sanga)2.By exaggerating the adjectiveExample: l56f] chhito ----- l56} chhitai3. By adding -n] le to the adjectiveExample: ;fx; + n]= ;fx;n] sahas+ le= sahasle Work with courage ;fx;n] sfd u/ sahasle kaam garaNepali Verbs (as present in dictionary)The following boxes show three different types of verbs. Dictionaryform is formed by main verb root +nu. Please note that in the sectionon \"Tense\" following this chapter, verb roots combine with differentbases to form the appropriate verbs.C-verbs (verb root+nu) V-verbs (verb root+nu)do- ug{' gar+nu run- bf}l8g' daudi+nusit- a:g' bas+nu go- hfg' jaa+nustand- p7\g' uth+nu eat- vfg' kha+nudance- gfRg' nach+nu cry- ?g' ru+nuwalk- lx8+ g\ ' hid+nu take- lng' li+nusleep- ;'Tg' sut+nu give- lbg' di+nufinish- ;Sg' sak+nu wait- kv{g' parkha+nulaugh- xf:“ g' has+nulook/watch- xg] '{ her+nu V V-verbs (verb root+nu)sell- a]Rg' bech+nubuy- lsGg' kin+nu come- cfpg' aau+nustart- z?' ug{' suru gar+nu drink- lkpg' piu+nuunderstand- bujhnu bujh+nu
- C-verb roots end with consonants .V-verb roots end with one verb. VV-verb roots end with two vowels.- Note: Most of the times negative of the verbs is formed by justadding 'g na' before the word.Forms of is/are and werePresent tense(is/are): xf] ho ChhaPast tense(were): 5 hunechhaFuture tense(will be): x'g5]Forms of ho for different pronouns Affirmative NegativeI d ma x'“ hũ xf]Og hoina xf]Ogf}+ hoinaũWe xfdL hami xf} haũ xfO] g;\ hoinas xfO] gf} hoinauYou(low) t“ tã xf;] \ hos x'gx' G' g hunuhunna xfO] g hoinaYou(middle) ltdL timi xf} hau xf]Ogg\ hoinanYou(high) tkfO+{ tapaũ x'gx' 'G5 hunuhunchhaHe/she pm woo xf] hoThey pgLx? uniharu x'g\ hunForms of chha for different pronouns Affirmative NegativeI d ma 5' chhu 5g} chhainaWe xfdL hami 5f}+ chhaũ 5g} f}+chhainaũYou(low) t“ tã 5;\ chhas 5}g;\ chhainasYou(middle) ltdL timi 5f} chhau 5g} f} chhainauYou(high) tkfO+{ tapaũ x'g'x'G5 hunuhunchha x'g'x'GghunuhunnaHe/she pm woo 5 chha 5}g chhainaThey pgLx? uniharu 5g\ chhan 5}gg\ chhainanForms of were lyof] (thiyo) for different pronouns Affirmative NegativeI d ma lyP“ thiyũ lyOg“ thiyinãWe xfdL hami lyof+} thiyaũ lyPgf}+thiyenaũYou(low)t“ tã lyO;\ thiyis lyOg;\ thiyinasYou(middle)ltdL timi lyof} thiyau lyPgf} thiyenauYou(high)tkfO{+ tapaũ xg' x' 'GYof] hunuhunthyo xg' 'x'Gy]ghunuhunthenaHe/she pm woo lyof] thiyo lyPg thiyena
They pgLx? uniharu lyP thiye lyPgg\ thiyenanForms of will be (xg' 5] ') for different pronounsI d ma xg' 5] ' hunechhu xg' ]5f}+We xfdL hami hunechhas hunechhaũ hunechhau hunuhunechhaYou(low) t“ tã x'g]5;\ hunechha hunechhanYou(middle) ltdL timi x'g]5f}You(high) tkfO{+ tapaũ x'g'x'g]5He/she pm woo xg' ]5They pgLx? uniharu x'g]5g\Simple Present Tense [;fdfGo jtd{ fg sfn Samanya bartaman kaal]Verb endingsd ma 5' chhu lbg“ di+naxfdL hami 5f}+ chha ũ bg} f+} dai+naũt“ tã 5;\ chhas b}g;} \ dai+nasltdL timi 5f} chhau bg} f} dai+nautkfO{+ tapaĩ g'xG' 5 nu+hunchha g'xG' g nu+hunnap woo 5 chha bg} di+napgLx? uniharu 5g\ chhan b}lgg dai+nanpgL uni(fem.) l5g\ chhin b}lgg dai+ninpgL uni(male) 5g\ chhan b}gg dai+nan C- verbs Verb root + verb ending Example: I walk everyday d ;“w} lx8+ \ + 5' = d ;w“ } lx8+ 5\ ' ma sãdhai hid+chhu V-verbs verb root + n + verb ending Example: I eat fruits everyday d ;“w} kmnkm\"n vf + G + 5' = d ;w“ } kmnkm\"n vfG5' ma sãdhai falfool kha+n+chhu V V-verbs
verb root + “ + verb endingsExample: I drink juice everyday d ;“w} h'; lkp+“+5' = d ;“w} h'; lkp“5 ma sãdhai juice piu+ “ +chhuSimple Past tense - [;fdfGo e\"t sfn Samanya bhoot kaal]Verb endings Affirmative Negative - Py“ ũ -Og“ inãd ma -of+} yaũ -Pgf}+ -enaũxfdL hami - O;\ ish -Og;\ inasht“ tã -of} yau -Pgf} yenaultdL timi -g' eof] nu bhayo - g' ePg nu bhayenatkfO{+ tapaĩ -of] yo -Pg yenap woo -P ye -Pgg\ yenanpgLx? uniharu -Og\ in -Ogg\ inanpgL uni(fem.) -Pgg\ yenanpgL uni(male) -P yeSimple Future tense [;fdfGo eljiot\ sfn Samanya bhabisyat kaal]Verb endings Affirmative Negative -g] 5' ne chhu -g] 5}g ne chhainad ma -g] 5f} ne chhaun -g] 5g} f+} ne chhainaunxfdL hami -g] 5;\ ne chhas- g] 5g} ;\ ne chhainast“ tã -g] 5f} ne chhau -g] 5g} f} ne chhainaultdL timi -g' x'g]5 nu hunechha -g' x'g5] }g nu hunechhainatkfO{+ tapaĩ -g] 5f} ne chhau -g] 5g} f} ne chhainaup woo -g] 5g\ ne chhan -g] 5}gg\ ne chhainanpgL uni(male) -g] l5g\ ne chhin -g] 5}lgg\ ne chhaininpgL uni(fem.) -g] 5g\ ne chhan -g] 5}gg\ ne chhainanpgLx? uniharu
Continuous tense [ ck\"0f{ sfn apurna kaal] C-verb: verb root+ b} dai + verb endings (in respective tense) 1. Present continuous I am sleeping d ;'T + b} + 5' = d ;'Tb}5' ma sut + dai + chhu = ma sutdai chhu 2. Past continuous I was sleeping d ;T' +b}+lyP“ =d ;T' b} lyP“ ma sut+dai+thiyũ= ma sutdai thiyũ 3. Future continuous I will be sleeping d ;T' +b}+xg' ]5' = d ;T' b} x'g5] ' ma sut+dai+hunechhu= ma sutdai hunechhu But for V-verbs and V V verbs there is extra nasalization after verb root 1. Present continuous I am eating d vf+ “+b}+5' = d vfb“ }5' ma kha+ã+dai+chhu = ma khaãdai chhu 2. Past continuous I was eating d vf+ “+b}+lyP“ = d vf“b} lyP“ ma kha+ã+dai+thiyũ= ma khaãdai thiyũ 3. Future continuous I will be eating d vf+ “+b}+xg' 5] ' = d vfb“ } x'g]5' ma kha+ã+dai+hunechhu = ma khaãdai hunechhu
Completed (Perfect) tense [ k0\" f{ sfn purna kaal]- verb+ middle words +verb endings (in respective tense)Middle words ' Psf]'yeko for d ma, t“ tã, tkfO{+ tapai ' Psf'yeka for xfdL hami, ltdL timi, pgL uni(male), pgLx? uniharu 'PsL'yeki for pgL uni(female) Examples:1. Present perfectShe has eatenpgLn] vf+PsL+l5g\ = pgLn] vfPsL l5g\unile kha+yeki+chhin = unile khayeki chhin2. Past perfectShe had eatenpgLn] vf+PsL+lyO{g\ = pgLn] vfPsL lyOg{ \unile kha+yeki+thiyin = unile khayeki thiyin3. Future perfectShe will have eatenpgLn] vf+PsL+x'gl] 5g\ = pgLn] vfPsL x'gl] 5g\unile kha+yeki+hunechhin = unile khayeki hunechhinConjunctionsand- / rabut- t/ taraalthough/though- ePklg bhayepanialso- klg panithen- clganibecause- lsgeg] kinabhane/ lsgsL kinakiExclamatory wordswow!- cfxf aahaa / jfx wahoh!- P!for somebody in trouble or grief- ljr/f! bichara!for pain- cO} of! aiyyafor hot- cfTyf! atha
for cold- cfR5!' aachhufor bad odour or bad things- 5\of! chhyaChapter 3Simple SentencesIn English a simple sentence is formed by Subject+ verb+ objectExample: I (s) eat(v) rice(o).But in Nepali a simple sentence is formed by subject+ object+ verbExample: d eft vfG5'ma bhat khanchhu(I) (rice) (eat)Interrogative (Question) sentencesIn these sentences certain interrogative are usedwho- sf] kowhat- s] kewhen- slxn] kahilewhere- sxf“ kahãwhy- lsg kinawhose- s;sf] kaskowhich- s'g kunhow- s;/L kasari-How are you?tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] 5<tapailai kasto chha?-Where are you going?ltdL sxf“ hfb“ } 5f}<timi kahaã jaãdai chhau?Imperative sentencesAs we have seen there are three forms of politeness for 'You' so thereare three different forms of verbs in imperatives.C-verbsExample: For verb- u/\ gar ( do) Affirmative Negative
Low t“ tã u/\ gar gu/\ nagarMiddle ltdL timiHigh tkfO{+ tapai u/ gara gu/ nagara ug{'xf];\ garnuhos gugx{' f];\ nagarnuhos- Do your workltd|f] sfd u/timro kaam garaV-verbs and VV-verbsExample: For verb- vf kha (eat) Affirmative Negative gvf nakhaLow t“ tã vf kha gvfpm nakhau gvfg'xf];\ nakhanuhosMiddle ltdL timi vfpm khauHigh tkfO+{ tapai vfgx' f];\ khanuhos- Dont eat dirty thingskmf]xf]/ s/' f gvfpmfohor kura nakhauUses of some important particles ls ki :It has two uses 1. Used to express desirable possibility -May be it will rain today cfh kfgL k5{ ls aaja paani parchha ki 2. Used as 'or' -Will you go or not? ltdL hfG5f} ls hfGgf} timi janchhau ki jannau nfO{ lai : Used as 'to' -What did you say to him? ltdLn] p;nfO{ s] eGof}< timile uslai ke bhanyau? nflu lagi : Used as 'for' -I did many things for her. d}n] p;sf] nflu w]/} s/' f u/]“ maile usko lagi dherai kura gare v} khai: Used for uncertainty
-I may or may not gov,} hfG5' ls hfGgkhai janchhu ki janna h:tf] jasto : Used for 'like' (similarity or dissimilarity) - Your shirt is like mine. ltd|f] ;6{ d]/f]h:t} 5 timro shirt mero jastai chha- Sila is not like Nirmalal;nf lgd{nfh:tf] 5g}sila nirmala jasto chhaina eGbf bhanda1. Used to compare things-China is bigger than Indiaef/teGbf lrg 7n\" f] 5bharat bhanda chin thulo chha.(India- ef/t bharat, China- lrg chin)2. To denote 'before something'eGbf klxnf bhanda pahilaeGbf cl3 bhanda aghi All of these mean 'before 'eGbf cufl8 bhanda agadi-Wash you hands before eatingvfge' Gbf cl3 xft wf]pmkhanu bhanda aghi haat dhou.
Chapter 4Academic (zl} Ifs)Education- lzIffschool- same, ljBfno bidhyalaya, kf7zfnf pathsalastudent- ljBfyL{ bidhyarthiteacher- male:lzIfs shiksyak; female: lzlIfsf shiksikabooks- lstfa kitabcopy- sfkL kapireading- k9fO{ padhaiwriting- nv] fO{ lekhaiexperiment- ko| f]u prayogresearch- cg;' Gwfg anusandhanlaboratory- ko| fu] zfnf prayogshalalibrary- k':tsfno pustakalayascience- lj1fg bigyanliterature- ;flxTo sahityaAnimals (hgfj/) Bird- r/f chara crow- sfu kaagCow- ufO{ gai (national animal pigeon- 9's'/ dhukur of nepal) parrot- ;u' f suga hen- sv' '/f kukhurabull- uf?] goru duck- xf“; haãsbuffalo- e+;} L bhaisi peacock- do\"/ mayoorox- ;f“9] saãdhe fish- df5f machhagoat- v;L khasi frog- Eofu'tf bhyagutahe goat- afs] f boka insect- ls/f kirashe goat- afvf| bakhra house fly- lem+uf jhĩgadog- s's'/ kukur bee- dfx'/L mahuricat- la/fnf] biralo lice- h'd|f jumramouse- d\";f musa worm- hs' f jukaelephant- xfQL hatti cockroach- ;fªn\ f sanglatiger- af3 baghbear- efn' bhaludeer- xl/0f harin
Climate- df};d mausamhot(objects)- tftf] tatohot(climate)- udL{ garmiwarm- Gofgf] nyanocold(objects)- lr;f] chisocold(climate)- hf8f] jadosummer- udL{ garmiwinter- hf8f] jadorainy- jif{ barsaseason- ofd yam ; /Lt' rituColorsblack sfnf] kalowhite ;]tf] setogray v/fgL kharanired /ftf] raatoblue lgnf] niloyellow kxn+] f] pahelogreen xl/of] hariyoorange ;'Gtfnf /ª suntala rangpurple a}hgL baijanibrown v/} f] khairoCulture- ;:+ s[lt sãskritiSome common castes and languages of Nepalcaste- hft jatlanguage- efiff bhasabrahmin- afxg' bahunchhetri- If]qLgurung- u'?ªnewar- gj] f/tharu- yf?maithili-dl} ynLbhojpuri- ef]hk'/L
Festivals- rf8kj{ chadparwa and important daysNew year- gj jif{ nawa barsa (Baiahakh 1st)full moon- k\"l0f{df purnimaecclipse- u|x0f grahansolar ecclipse- ;\"o{ u|x0f surya grahanlunar ecclipse- rGb| u|x0f chandra grahanDashain :It is the greatest festival of Nepalese. It generally falls on Asoj(Sept.-Oct.). It is celebrated for ten days. First day is calledGhatasthapana, seventh day is called Fulpati and the 10th day is calledVijaya Dashami or Tika. On Tika we put tika on our forehead from ourelders.Tihar : Tihar generally falls on Kartik (Oct.-Nov.). It is celebrated forfive days. Crow, Dog, Cow, Laxmi (Goddess of wealth) and Ox arecelebrated on respective days. On the fifth day sisters worship theirbrothers with love ,so called Bhai tika.Buddha jayanti : Birth of Lord Buddha is celebrated on this day.It fallson Baishakh.Teej :It is a festival in which women fast for the long life of theirhusband. It generally falls on Bhadra (Aug.-Sept.)Gai jatra , Indra jatra, Bhote jatra, Ghode jatra are celebrated indifferent days in kathmandu.Id-ul-fitra: It is a festival of Muslims celebrated in Asoj (Sept.-Oct.)Lhosar: It is a festival of people of mongolian origin (Gurung,Sherpa,Tamang).Loktantra day (Baishakh 11): It is the day in which Loktantra wasinstilled in Nepal in.Democracy day (Falgun 7):Labour day- May 1
MonthsThe Nepali Calendar, called Bikram Sambat or B.S., is a lunar calendarbased on ancient Hindu tradition. It is roughly 57 years ahead of theGregorian calendar (the year 2000 AD was equivalent to the years2056-2057 BS). The beginning of the year usually falls on the mid ofApril. Therefore, the months are not compatible with the Gregoriancalendar.April October Baisakhj}zfv Kartik sflts{May November Jetha h]7 Mangshir dlª;/June December Asar c;f/ Poush kf}ifJuly January Shrawan >fj0f Magh df3August February Bhadau ebf} Fagun kmfu'gSeptember March Ashoj c;f]h Chaita rt}October April
DaysSunday cfOtaf/ aaitabaar (ai-ta-bar)Monday ;f]daf/ sombaar (som-bar)Tuesday d¨naf/ mangalbaar (man-girl-bar)Wednesday a'waf/ budhabaar (bu-dho-bar)Thursday laxLaf/ bihibaar (bee-hee-bar)Friday z's|af/ shukrabaar (shuk-ro-bar)Saturday zlgaf/ shanibaar (sa-ni-bar)time ;do samaya (also ah] baje when telling the time)date ldlt mitinow clxn] ahile (aa-hee-le)later/after kl5 pachi (paa-chi)before cufl8 agadi (aa-gha-dee)morning laxfg bihana (bee-haa-na)afternoon lbp“;f] diuso (di-u-sho)evening an] 'sf beluka (be-lu-kha)night /ftL rati (raa-ti)Durationminute ldg]6 minutehour 306f ghantaday lbg dinweek xKtf haptaamonth dlxgf mahinayear jif{ barsa (also ;fn saal when telling date)half an hour cflw 306f aadhi ghanta1 hour Ps 306f ek ghanta1 and half hour 89] 306f dedh ghanta2 and half hour c9fO{ 306f adhai ghantaClock time laxfg Ps ah] bihana ek bajeone o'clock AM laxfg b'O{ ah] bihana dui bajetwo o'clock AM dWofGg madhyannanoon lbp;“ f] Ps ah] diuso ek bajeone o'clock PM
two o'clock PM lbp“;f] b'O{ ah] diuso dui bajemidnight dWo/ft madhyaraatmidday dWofGx madhyanhasunrise ;\"of{]bo suryodayasunset ;\"of{:t suryasta1:00 - Ps ah] ek baje1:15 - ;jf Ps sawa ek1:25 - Ps ah/] klRr; ldg]6 ek bajera pachchis minute1:30 - ;f9“ ] Ps sãdhe ek1:45 - kf}g] bO' { paune dui1:46 - Ps ah/] 5ofln; ldg]6 ek bajera chhayalis minutetoday cfh aaja (aa-ja)yesterday lxhf] hijo (hee-jo)day before yesterday cl:t astitomorrow ef]ln bholi (bho-lee)day after tomorrow k;L{ parsithis week of] xKtf yo hapta(yo hap-ta)last week cl:tsf] xKtf asti ko hapta(as-ti ko hap-ta)next week csf{ xKtf arko hapta(ar-ko hap-ta)Words used to denote approximately (about)lt/ tira, s/La karib, hlt jati, em08} jhandai- The match starts at about 12 o'clock.Dofr s/La afx| ah] z?' x'G5match karib bahra baje suru hunchhaAsking time kati bajyo?Q. What time is it? slt aHof] < sawa ek bajyoAns. It is 1:15 AM. ;jf Ps aHof]Q. What time is the surgery lecture? ;h{/Lsf] n]Sr/ slt ah] xf] < surgeryko lecture kati baje ho?Ans. It is at 10:00 AM in the morning ljxfg bz ah] xf] bihana dus baje ho
Q. What time is our cricket match? xfd|f] ls|s]6 Dosr slt v.[ xf<] hamro cricket match kati khera ho?Ans. It is after 1 hour Ps 305f kl5 xf] ek ghanta pachhi hoAsking dateQ. What nepali date is it today? cfh g]kfnL ut] slt xf]< aaja nepali gate kati ho?Ans. Today is 20th of Shrawan cfh >fj0f @) ut] xf] aaja shrawan bis gate hoQ. When were you born? ltdL slxn] hGd]sf] xf]< timi kahile janmeko ho?Ans. I was born on 2042 B.S. Asoj 18. d bO' { xhf/ aofln; ;fn c;fh] c7f/ ut] hGd]sf] xf] ma dui hajaar bayalis saal asoj athhara gate janmeko ho.Geographical words (ef}uf]lns zAbx?)Nepal is divided in to 5 development regions, 14 zones and 75districts.Himal (higher mountains)- lxdfn himalmountain- kxf8 pahadplain (terai)- t/fO{ teraijungle- h¨n jungleriver- glb nadiwaterfall- 5f“uf] chhãgoroad- af6f] batohighway- /fhdfu{ rajmargaairway- xjfO{ dfu{ hawai marga
Human Relations, Male and Femalehuman- dfG5] manchheboy- s]6f keta (afa' babu -used by persons elder than you)girl- s]6L keti (gagL nani- used by persons elder than you)man- nfU] g] dfG5] logne manchhewoman- cfOdfO aaimaiold man- a'9f] budhoold woman- a'9L budhichild- aRrf bachchachildren- aRrfaRrL bachcha bachchi/ 5f]/f5f/] Lchhorachhori/aRrfx?bachchaharuparents/ guardians- cleefjs abhibhawakNepali family (g]kfnL kl/jf/ nepali pariwar)Mother- cfdf aama/ dj' f muwafather- a'jf buwa/ afaf babason- 5f]/f chhoradaughter- 5f/] L chhorielder brother- bfO daiyounger brother- efO bhaielder sister- lbbL didiyounger sister- alxgL bahinigrand father- xh/' aj' f hajurbuwagrand mother- xh'/ cfdf hajur aamagrand son- gflt natigrand daughter- gfltgL natinihusband- >Ldfg\ sriman/ nfU] g] lognewife- >LdtL srimati/ :jf:gL swasnipaternal uncle- sfsf kakapaternal aunt- sfsL kakimaternal uncle- dfdf mamamaternal aunt- dfOh\" maijunephew- ef~hf bhanjaniece- ef~hL bhanjiFor a mansister in law- ;fnL salibrother in law- ;fnf] salo
For a womanbrother in law- b]j/ dewarsister in law-b]p/fgL deuranifather in law- ;;'/f sasuramother in law- ;f;' sasuson in law- HjfO“ jwaĩdaughter in law- a'xf/L buhariMoney (k};f paisa)Currency- d'b|f mudraNepali currency is called Rupees (in nepali ?k}of“ rupaiyã)Nepali denominations (you can get these in single notes)1 rupees Ps ?ko} f“ ek rupaiyã2 rupees bO' ?k}of“ dui rupaiyã5 rupees kfr“ ?k}of“ paãch rupaiyã10 rupees bz ?ko} f“ das rupaiyã20 rupees la; ?ko} f“ bis rupaiyã25 rupees klRr; ?ko} f“ pachchis rupaiyã50 rupees krf; ?k}of“ pachaas rupaiyã100 rupees ;o ?k}of“ saya rupaiyã500 rupees kfr“ ?k}of“ paãch saya rupaiyã1000 rupees xhf/ ?ko} f“ hajaar rupaiyãAsking priceQ. How much does this cost? o;nfO{ slt k5{ < yeslai kati parchhaAns. This costs Rs 450 o;nfO{ rf/ ;o krf; ?ko} f“ k5{ yeslai char saya pachas rupaiyã parchhaQ. What is the rent of this room? of] sf7] fsf] ef8f slt xf<] yo kothako bhada kati hoAns. Its rent is Rs 1700. o;sf] ef8f ;q ;o ?k}of“ xf] yesko bhada satra saya rupaiyã ho
Profession (k]zf pesa)service/job- hflu/ jaagiremployed- /f]uf/ rojgaarunemployed- a/] f]huf/ berojgaarDoctor,Nurse- sameLawyer- jlsn wakilteacher- lzIfs siksyak(male)/ lzlIfsf siksika (female)Driver- same or rfns chalakBusinessman- Jofkf/L byaparifarmer- s[ifs krishakshopkeeper- ;fxh' L sahuji(male)/ ;fxg' L sahuni(female)Direction (lbzf disha)east- kj\" { purwawest- klZrd paschimnorth-pQ/ uttarsouth- blIf0f dakchhintowards- lt/ tirafrom- af6 batanear- glhs najikfar- 6f9f tadha
Chapter 4Introduction- kl/ro parichayaAlice is having conversation with Ganesh previosly unknown to her.Alice: (Greetings)What is you name? gd:t] tkfOs{+ f] gfd s] xf<] tapaiko naam ke ho?Ganesh: (Greetings) I am Dr. Ganesh. gd:t] d/] f] gfd 8fS6/ u0f]z xf]. namaste mero naam doctor ganesh ho.Alice: How are you? tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] 5< tapailai kasto chha.Ganesh: I am fine. dnfO{ ;~r} 5. malai sanchai chha.Ganesh:Which country do you come from? tkfO+{ s'g bz] af6 cfpge' Psf] xf<] tapai kun deshbata aaunu bhayeko ho?Alice: I come from Germany. d hd{gLaf6 cfPsf] xf.] ma germany bata aayeko ho.Ganesh: where are you staying now? clxn] tkfO{+ sxf“ a:b} x'g'xG' 5< ahile tapai kaha basdai hunuhunchha?Alice: I am staying in a hotel in Lazimpat. d nflhDkf6sf] Pp6f xf]6n] df al;/x]sf] 5'. ma lazimpatko yeuta hotelma basiraheko chhu.Alice: Are you a student here? tkfO{+ oxf“sf] ljBfyL{ xf]< tapai yehako bidhyarthi ho?
Ganesh: No I already passed college. I work as a doctor here. xfO] g{ dn} ] sn]h kf; ul/;s.+] d oxf“ 8fS6/ eP/ sfd ub}{ 5'. hoina maile college pass garisake. ma yahã doctor bhayera kaam gardai chhu(In the meantime, Sanjeev enters)Ganesh:Hello Sanjeev. Alice this is Sanjeev. He is a student here. gd:t] ;lGhj. Pln; pm ;lGhj xf.] pm oxfs“ f] ljBfyL{ xf]. namaste sanjeev. alice woo sanjeev ho. woo yehã ko bidhyarthi ho.Alice: Hello Sanjeev. In which year are you studying? gd:t] ;lGhj ltdL s'g jifd{ f k9\b} 5f<} namaste sanjeev. timi kun barsama padhdai chhau.Sanjeev: This is my third year. of] d]/f] t;] f| ] jif{ xf.] yo mero tesro barsa ho.Doctor -Patient conversation in Out PatientDepartment(OPD)Dr. Blair is a doctor from England. He has worked for many years inNepal. He is with a patient, a young Nepali guy, Mr. Sumit in OPD ofTribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj.Dr. Blair: NamasteSumit: Namaste doctor gd:t] 8fS6/ ;fa namaste doctor saabDr. Blair: What is your name? tkfO{s+ f] gfd s] xf<] tapaiko naam ke hoSumit: Sumit Pandey
Dr. Blair: Where do you live? tkfO{+ sxf“ a:g'x'G5< tapai kahaã basnuhunchhaSumit: I live in Maitidevi. d d}ltb]jLdf a:5.' ma maitidevi ma baschhuDr. Blair:Why did you come to the hospital? tkfO{+ s] eP/ c:ktfn cfpge' of]< tapai ke bhayera aspataal aaunubhayo?Sumit: I am having intense abdominal pain. d/] f] k]6 a:] ;/L b'lv/xs] f] 5. mero pet bessari dukhiraheko chha.Dr. Blair: How long has it been? o:tf] ePsf] slt eof<] yesto bhayeko kati bhayo?Sumit: It has been 5-6 days. kf“r 5 lbg eof]. paãch chha din bhayo.Dr. Blair: Does the whole abdomen ache? k]6 k'/} bV' 5< pet purai dukhchha?Sumit: No, just the upper abdomen. xf]Og, dflyNnf] k6] dfq}. hoina mathillo pet matraiDr. Blair: Is it burning or pricking type of pain? kfN] g] xf] ls 3f]Rg] vfnsf] bv' fO{ xf<] polne ho ki ghochne khalko dukhai ho?Sumit: It is like burning. kfn] s] f] h:tf] x'G5 poleko jasto hunchha.Dr. Blair: Did you vomit? jfGtf ug'e{ Psf] lyof]< banta garnubhayeko thiyo?
Sumit: No I did not vomit but I had nausea. cx,“ jfGtf u/]sf] lyOg“ t/ jfsjfs nfus] f] lyof] ahã,banta gareko thiyinã tara wakwak lageko thiyoDr. Blair: Does it ache more in empty stomach or after food? vfnL k]6df al9 bV' 5 ls vfgf vfPkl5< khali petma badhi dukhchha ki khana khayepachhi?Sumit: It aches more in empty stomach. vfnL k]6df al9 b'V5. khali petma badhi dukhchha.Dr. Blair: Did you use any medicine for this pain? of] bv' fO{sf] nflu s'g} cf}iflw ko| fu] ug{'ePsf] lyof<] yo dukhaiko lagi kunai ausadhi prayog garnubhayeko thiyo?Sumit: No, I did not. cx“ lyOg.“ ahã thiyinã.Dr. Blair: Do you smoke? r/' f6] lkpg'x'G5< churot piunuhunchhaSumit: No, I dont smoke, doctor. cx“ lkp“lbg 8fS6/ ;fa ahã piudina doctor saabDr. Blair: What about alcohol? clg /lS; lg< ani raksi ni?Sumit: I do not even touch alcohol. /lS; t emg\ 5'“b} 5'Gg. raksi ta jhan chhudai chhunna.Dr. Blair: Had this happened before? klxn] klg o:tf] ePsf] lyof<] pahile pani yesto bhayeko thiyo?Sumit : No Doctor. This is the first time. lyPg 8fS6/ ;fa. of] klxnf] rf]l6 xf]. thiyena doctor saab. yo pahilo choti ho.
Dr. Blair: OK. Then I will examine you. l7s 5. To;fe] P d tkfOs{+ f] hf“r u5.{' thik chha. tyeso bhaye ma tapaiko jaãch garchhuDr. Blair: Open your mouth. dv' vf]Ng'xf;] \ t. (dv' cf“ ug'{xf];\ t) mukh kholnuhos ta. (mukh aã garnuhos ta)Dr. Blair: Take deep breaths. nfdf] ;f; lng'xf];\ t laamo saas linuhos ta.Dr. Blair:Let me examine your abdomen. tkfOs+{ f] k6] hfr“ f}+ t. tapaiko pet jaãchau ta.Dr. Blair: I suppose you have gastritis. tkfOn+{ fO{ Uof:6«fOl6; ePh:tf] 5. tapailai gastritis bhaye jasto chha.Sumit: Will medicine cure it, doctor? cf}iflwn] l7s x'G5 8fS6/ ;fa< ausadhile thik hunchha doctor saab?Dr. Blair: Of course. Dont worry. cjZo. gcflQg';.\ awasya. na attinus.Dr. Blair: I have prescribed one medicine. Take this medicine two times a day, one in the morning, one in the evening before meal. d}n] Pp6f cf}iflw n]lvlbPsf] 5.' o;nfO{ lbgsf] bO' k6s, laxfg Pp6f, a]n'sf Pp6f vfgf cl3 vfg'xf]nf. maile yeuta ausadhi lekhidiyeko chhu. yeslai dinko dui patak, bihana yeuta, beluka yeuta khana aghi khanuholaSumit: How many days should I take this medicine? of] cf}iflw slt lbg vfg'k5{< yo ausadhi kati din khanuparchha.Dr. Blair: Up to 10 days. Visit me after that. bz lbg ;Dd. To;kl5 dnfO{ e6] \g cfpgx' f]nf. das din samma. tyespachhi malai bhetna aaunuhola.
Sumit: OK, doctor. x'G5 8fS6/ ;fa. hunchha doctor saab.Dr. Blair: Did you understand everything? tkfO+n{ ] ;a} s/' f a/‰g'eof<] tapaile sabai kura bujhnubhayo?Sumit: Yes, I understood. xh/' ae' m.] + hajur bujhe.Dr. Blair: You can go now. Visit me if anything happens. To;f] eP hfg;Sg'x'G5. sl] x eof] eg] dnfO{ e]6\g cfpg'xfn] f. tyesobhaye jaana saknuhunchha. kehi bhayo bhane malai bhetna aaunuhola.Classroom (sIffsf]7f)Shooga: Which is the first lecture today? cfh klxnf] n]Sr/ s'g xf<] aaja pahilo lecture kun ho?Roshan: The first lecture is of medicine. klxnf] n]Sr/ d]l8l;gsf] xf]. pahilo lecture medicineko ho.Shooga: Who is going to take the class? Tof] Snf; (sIff) s;n] lng'x'G5< tyo class kasle linuhunchha?Roshan: That class will be taken by Professor P N Shrestha. Tof] Snf; k|f]km];/ lk= Pg= >i] 7n] lng'x'G5 tyo class professor p n shresthale linuhunchha.Shooga: When is the class going to start? Snf; sltv]/ z?' x'G5< class katikhera suru hunchha?Roshan: Class is going to start at 12 o'clock. Snf; afx|ah] z?' x'G5. class bahra baje suru hunchha.
In the class shooga does not understand a word 'Sialadenitis'.Shoga: Sir, what does Sialadenitis mean? ;/, ;fonPl8gfO{l6; eg]sf] s] xf<] sir sialadenitis bhaneko ke ho?Professor: Sialadenitis means inflammation of salivary glands. ;fonPl8gfOl6; egs] f] ¥ofn ul| Gysf] ;h\" g xf.] sialadenitis bhaneko ryaal granthiko sujan ho.Community Health FieldRakesh is a first year MBBS student. He is on field visit in Bairani ofDhading district for 'Community Health Field'. He has prepared aquestionnaire for his field survey. He is now in the house of Mr. PremBahadur.Rakesh: Who is in the house? 3/df sf] x'gx' 'G5< gharma ko hunuhunchha.Prem: Who is it? sf] xg' 'x'G5< ko hunuhunchha.Rakesh: Namaste, I am Rakesh Gami. I am first year student inTribhuwan University Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu. I amhere for Community Health survey.gd:t] d /fs]; ufdL x'“. d lqej' g ljZjljBfno l6lrª c:ktfndf ky| d jifs{ f]ljBfyL{ x'.“ d oxf“ ';fdb' flos :jf:Yo ;j{I] f0fsf] nflucfPsf] x“'.namaste ma rakesh gami hũ. ma tribhuwan biswabidhyalayateaching aspataalma pratham barsako bidhyarthi hũ.ma yahaã samudayik swasthya sarbekchhyanko laagi aayekohũPrem: What can I do for you? dn} ] s] ug{ ;S5'< maile ke garna sakchhu?
Rakesh: I will ask you some questions regarding health. Please give the answers. d tkfO{n+ fO{ :jf:Io ;DjlGw s]lx kZ| g ;fW] 5.' tkfO+{ pQ/ lbg'xf]nf. ma tapailai swasthya sambandhi kehi prasna sodhchhu. tapai uttar dinuhola.Rakesh: How many members are there in your family? tkfOs+{ f] kl/jf/df slthgf ;b:o 5g?\ tapaiko pariwarma kati jana sadasya chhan?Prem: Seven. ;ft hgf. saat jana.Rakesh: Who are they? Please tell me their ages also. sf] sf] x'g'x'G5< pxfx“ ?sf] pd/] ;lxt atfOlbg'xfn] f. ko ko hunuhunchha? uhaãharuko umer sahit bataidinuhola.Prem: Mother is 65. Father is 71. I am 42. My wife is 33. Eldest daughter is 17. Youngest daughter is 12. Son is just 4yrs. cfdf k+;} l7 . a'jf PsxQ/. d aofln;. >LdtL tl] Q;. h7] L 5f]/L ;q. sfG5L 5f]/L afx|. 5f]/f rfxL“ aNn rf/ jif{sf] eof].Rakesh: What is the main source of your income? tkfOs+{ f] cfDbfgLsf] dV' o ;f| ]t s] xf<] tapaiko aamdaniko mukhya srot ke ho?Prem: Agriculture. vl] tkftL khetipatiRakesh: Is your income enough for your family? tkfO{s+ f] cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/nfO{ kU' 5< tapaiko aamdani le pariwarlai pugchha.Prem: Hardly enough. dl' Zsnn] k'U5. muskil le pugchha.Rakesh: How much have you studied? tkfO{n+ ] slt k9g\ e' Psf] 5< tapaile kati padhnu bhayeko chha?
Prem: I have studied up to class 4. d}n] sIff rf/ ;Dd k9s] f] 5.' maile kachhya char samma padheko chhu.Rakesh: Have you educated your children? tkfO{n+ ] 5f/] f5f]/LnfO{ k9fpge' Psf] 5< tapaile chhorachhorilai padhaunubhayeko chha?Prem: Yes I have sent all children to school. c,“ dn} ] ;an} fO{ :s\"n k7fPsf] 5.' ã maile sabailai school pathayeko chhu.Rakesh: What is the source of drinking water of your family? tkfO{+sf] kl/jf/sf] vfg]kfgLsf] ;f| ]t s] xf]< tapaiko pariwar ko khanepani ko srot ke ho?Prem: It is spring water. It takes half an hour to fetch water. d\"nsf] kfgL xf]. Nofpg cfwf 306f nfU5. mul ko pani ho.lyauna aadha ghanta lagchha.Rakesh: Do you drink water after boiling? kfgL pdfn]/ vfg'x'G5< khane pani umalera khanuhunchha.Prem: No we dont, usually. Only sometimes when ill. cx“, ;fdfGotof ubg}{ f}. slxns] flx“ lj/fdL eof] eg] dfq}. ahã samanyataya gardainaũ. kahilekahi birami bhayo bhane matrai.Rakesh: How far is the Health post from here? oxf“af6 :jf:Yo rfs} L slQsf] 6f9f 5< yahaã bata swasthya chauki kattiko tadha chha?Prem: It is about one hour walk. sl/a Ps 306fsf] b/\" Ldf 5. karib ek ghanta ko durima chha.Rakesh: Have you constructed toilet? tkfO+{n] zfr} fno agfpge' Psf] 5< tapaile sauchalaya banaunu bhayeko chha?Prem: Yes. 5. chha.
Rakesh: Do you wash your hands before food, after toilet? vfg' cl3, zf}rfnokl5 xft w'g'xG' 5< khanu aghi, sauchalaya pachhi haat dhunu hunchha?Prem: We do. But we dont care much for children. xfdL t w'G5f.+} t/ aRrfx?sf] vf;} Vofn /fvL“bg} . hami ta dhunchhaũ. tara bachchaharuko khasai khyal rakhidaina.Rakesh: Why do you think people suffer from diseases? tkfO{+nfO{ /fu] lsg nfU5 h:tf] nfU5< tapailai rog kina lagchha jasto lagchha?Prem: Sometimes it is due to witches. Sometimes due to some worms in food. slxn] afS] ;Lx?n] ubf.{ slxn] vfgs] /' fdf ls/f k/]/. kahile boksiharule garda. kahile khanekura ma kira parera lagchha.Rakesh: Where do you go if you are ill? la/fdL eof] eg] sxf“ hfg'x'G5< birami bhayo bhane kahaã janu hunchha?Prem: Sometimes traditional healers, sometimes health post. slxns] flx“ emf/km's, slxn]sflx“ :jf:Yo rfs} L. kahilekahi jharfuk, kahilekahi swasthya chauki.Rakesh: Have you heard of AIDS? tkfOn+{ ] P8\;af/] ;'Gge' Psf] 5< tapaile AIDS bare sunnu bhayeko chha?Prem: Yes, Ihave heard of it in radio. c“, dn} ] /l] 8of]df ;'gs] f] 5.' ã, maile radio ma suneko chhu.Rakesh: Do you know how AIDS is transmitted? tkfOn+{ fO{ P8;\ s;/L ;5{ yfxf 5< tapailai AIDS kasari sarchha thaha chha.Prem: They say, from sex. I don't know much. v,} ofg} ;Dks{af6 eG5g\. dnfO{ w/] } yfxf 5g} . khai, yaun samparka bata bhanchhan. malai dherai thaha chhain.
Rakesh: Why do you think people become worm infested? tkfO{+nfO{ dfG5]nfO{ hs' f lsg k5{ h:tf] nfU5< tapailai manchhe lai juka kina parchha jasto lagchha?Prem: By eating stale food. af;L vfgf vfP/. basi khana khayera.Rakesh: Have any of your family members recently been ill? tkfO+{sf] kl/jf/sf] sg' } ;b:o xfn;fn} lj/fdL xg' e' Psf] 5< tapaiko pariwarko kunai sadasya halsalai birami hunubhayeko chha?Prem: Son was having diarrhoea few days ago. I have diabetes. 5f/] fnfO{ sl] x lbg cl3 kvfnf nfu]sf] lyof.] dnfO{ lrlg/f]u 5. chhoralai kehi din aghi pakhala lageko thiyo. malai chinirog chha.Rakesh: Thank you for anwering my questions so patiently. wGojfb, d/] f kZ| gx?sf] wo} {tfk\"j{s pQ/ lbg'eof]. dhanyabad, mero prasnaharuko dhairyatapurwak uttar dinubhayo.Prem: Its fine. I am happy. l7s} 5. d vz' L 5'. thikai chha. ma khusi chhu.Rakesh: I will leave now. Namaste. d ca hfG5.' gd:t.] ma aba janchhu. namaste.Prem: Namaste.
TravelHiring a taxiSaroj is hiring a taxi from Maharajgunj Teaching HospitalSaroj: Excuse me. Is this taxi unoccupied? PS;Soh\" ld, of] 6o\ flS; vfnL xf<] excuse me yo taxi khali ho?Taxi driver: Yes it is unoccupied. xh'/ vfnL xf]. hajur khali ho.Saroj: Could you go to Thamel? tkfO+{ 7dn] hfg'x'G5< tapai thamel januhunchha?Taxi driver: Yes I will. Please come in. x'G5 (hfG5)' . leq cfpg;' .\(After 20 minutes they reach thamel)Taxi driver: Where would you want to stop? t kfO{+nfO{ sxf“ /fl] slbp<“ tapailai kaha rokidiu?Saroj: Stop here. I will walk from here. oxf“ /f]lslbg';.\ d oxf“af6 lx8+ \5.' yahaã rokidinus. ma yahaã bata hidchhu.Manoj: How much is it? slt eof<] kati bhayo?Taxi driver: It is Rs. 95. kGrfgAa] ?k}of“ eof]. panchanabbe rupaiyã bhayo.Manoj: Take this. Thank you. of] lng'xf;] .\ wGojfb. yo linuhos. dhanyabad.
Taking a bus/tempo/microbus rideSaroj is taking a bus ride from New Baneswor to Maharajgunj TeachingHospitalSaroj: Where does this bus go? of] a; sxf“ hfG5< yo bus kahaã janchhaBus Conductor: Putalisadak, Baluwatar, Teaching. Where are you going? (name of places) tkfO+{ sxf“ hfg]< (name of places) tapai kahaã jaane?Saroj: Teaching Hospital.[*Alternatively Saroj: Does this bus go to Teaching Hospital? of] a; l5lrª xl:k6n hfG5< yo bus teaching hospital jaanchha?(He gets in the bus. Bus reaches Teaching hospital. )Bus Conductor: (asks passengers) Is anybody getting down in Teaching hospital? l6lrª emg]{ sfl] x x'g'x'G5< teaching jharne kohi hunuhunchha?Saroj: Yes. What is the bus fare? 5. ef8f slt xf] chha. bhada kati ho?Conductor: Rs. 14 rfw} ?k}of“ chaudha rupaiyãSaroj: Take this. lngx' f];\.
LostKathy is lost somewhere around Chabahil (Chavel). She wants to get toChabahil chowk. She asks help from a middle aged pedestrian.Kathy: Excuse me can you help me? PS;So\"h ld , dnO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg;' \ g. excuse me malai sahayog garidinusna.Man: Yes. Sure. xh'/ ex} fN5 lg. hajur. bhaihalchha ni.Kathy: How can I get to Chabahil chowk? d rfaflxn rfs] s;/L hfg ;S5<' ma chabahil chowk kasari jaana sakchhu?Man: Take this straight road until a temple comes. Then take the leftbend and go straight. You will reach chabahil chowk of] l;wf af6f] hfg'xf];,\ Pp6f dlGb/ cfp5“ . clg afof“ df]l8P/ l;wf hfg'xf];\.tkfO+{ rfaflxn rf]s kU' g'x'G5. yo sidha bato januhos, yeuta mandir aauchha. ani bayamodiyera sidha janus. tapai chabahil chowk pugnuhunchhaKathy: Thank you wGojfb dhanyabadShopping (lsgd]n kinmel)Bindu and Simon are in a supermarketBindu:What are you going to buy Simon? ltdL s] lsG5f} l;dfg] < timi ke kinchhau simon?Simon:I want a soap, a towel, a pair of shoes, some snacks and a pairof batteries for my camera.dnfO{ Pp6f ;fa'g, Pp6f 6fjn] , Ps hf]l8 h'Qf, sl] x vfhfx? / d/] f] Sofd/] fsf]nflu afl6« rflxPsf] 5.
malai yeuta sabun, yeuta towel, ek jodi jutta, kehi khajaharu,ra mero camerako lagi ek jodi battery chahiyeko chhaBindu: OK. Lets start from there. l7s 5 Toxf“af6 z'? u/f+} thik chha tyahãbata suru garau.(They start picking things but do not find particular batteries for thecamera. They spot a salesman.)Bindu: Excuse me. Where can we find batteries? PS;Soh\" ld, oxf“ afl6« sxf“ kfOG{ 5< excuse me yahã battery kahã painchha.Salesman: I am sorry we dont have batteries now. ;/L, xfdLsxf“ clxn] afl6« 5}g sorry hami kahaã ahile battery chhainaBindu: Its OK. Thank you. l7s} 5. wGojfb thikai chha. dhanyabad(At the counter)Simon: How much is it? slt ?k}of“ eof<] kati rupaiyã bhayo?Cashier: It's Rs. 1750. ;q ;o krf; ?k}of“ eof.] satra saya pachas rupaiya bhayoSimon: Please take this. lng'xf];\ linuhos(They get outside and go to a nearby shop)Bindu: (Shopkeeper) Do you have batteries for camera? ;fx'hL tkfO{+;“u Sofd/fsf] afl6« 5< sahuji tpai sanga camerako battery chhaShopkeeper: What type of camera is it? s:tf] vfnsf] Sofd/f xfn] f<
kasto khalko camera hola.Simon:(showing the camera) It is a digital camera like this. o:tf] vfnsf] l8lh6n Sofd/f xf] yesto khalko digital camera ho.Shopkeeper: Oh! Yes. I do batteries for it. P†, d ;“u To;sf] afl6« 5. yeh! ma sanga tesko battery chha.RestaurantAtul, George, Melissa and Prakash are in a restaurant, somewhere inThamel.Atul: Its been long since we met. Its a lovely day. xfdL e]6 gePsf] klg w/] } eof]. cfh /dfOnf] lbg 5. hami bhet nabhayeko pani dherai bhayo. aaja ramailo dinchha.Melissa: Very true. I feel like its been years. l7s eGof}. dnfO{ t aiff}+ eof] h:tf] nfU5. thik bhanyau. malai ta barsau bhayo jasto lagchha.Prakash: Lets celebrate this moment. of] 3l8nfO{ dgfp“ g. yo ghadi lai manau na.(Prakash signals the waiter.)Waiter: What can I get for you? tkfO+{x?nfO{ s] Nofp<“ tapaiharulai ke lyau?Prakash: What should we order? xfdL s] c8/{ ug]{ t< hami ke order garne ta?George: How about pizza and coke for all? ;an} fO{ lkHhf / sf]s dufpb“ f s;f] xf]nf<
sabailai pizza ra coke magauda kaso hola?Atul: That would be perfect. Tof] Psbd /fd|f] x'G5. tyo ekdam ramro hunchhaMelissa: Please bring some water first? klxnf kfgL NofOlbg';\ g. pahila pani lyaidinus na.(They finish food and talk.)Prakash: Please bring us our bill. xfd|f] lan NofOlbg';\ g.(They pay and leave the restaurant.)CinemaAndy is asking with Nirmal abut a cinema.Andy:Which film is running in Jai Nepal Cinema hall?ho g]kfn l;g]df xndf s'g lkmNd rln/x]sf] 5<Jai nepal cinema hall ma kun film?Nirmal: 'The Forbidden kingdom is running there.Toxf“ 'b km/la8g lsª8d' rln/x]sf] 5.tyahã 'the forbidden kingdom' chaliraheko chha.Andy: How is the film?Tof] lkmNd s:tf] 5<tyo film kasto chhaNirmal: Its a action movie. Its a good film.Tof] ofS;g lkmNd xf.] Tof] lkmNd /fdf| ] 5.tyo action film ho. tyo film ramro chha.At the counter of the cinema hallAndy: Please give me three tickets of balcony.dnfO{ afNsfg] Lsf] ltgj6f l6s6 lbg'xf];\ g.malai balcony ko tinwata ticket dinuhos na.
Inside the hall to the sit-arranger-Please show us our sits.xfdLnfO{ l;6 bv] fOlbg;' \ g.hamilai sit dekhaidinus na.
Chapter 5 stomach- e'“l8 bhuñdi liver- sn]hf] kalejoBody Parts (z/L/sf c¨x?) gall bladder- lkQ pitta spleen- lkmof] fiyohead- 6fpsf] tauko umbilicus- gfO6f] naito waist- sDd/ kammarskull- vKk/ khappar urinary bladder- d\"q yn} Lface- cg'xf/ anuhar mutra thailihair- skfn kapal ureter- dq\" gln mutra nalibrain- dl:tis mastiskaeye- cfv“ f aãkha vagina- of]lg yonieya lashes- k/]nf parela uterus- kf7]3/ patheghareyebrow- cf“vLef}+ aãkhibhau penis- ln¨ lingapupil- cf“vfsf]gfgL aãkha ko nani testes- c08sf]z andakoshear- sfg kan blood vessel- /Qmgln raktanaliear drum-sfgsf] hfnL kanko jali nerves- gzf nasanose- gfs nak Upper limb/hand- xft haatmouth- dv' mukh Lower limb/leg/foot- v§' fforehead- lgwf/ nidharcheek- ufnf gala arm- kfv'/f pakhurachin- Rofk\" chyapubeard- bfx|L dahri thigh- lt3f| tighramoustache- h“u' f jũgalip- cf]+7 wõth finger/toe- cf+}nf auñlatongue- lhaf| ] jibro thumb- al' 9 cf+n} f budhi auñlateeth- bf“t daañt nail- gª nanggum- luhf gija elbow- sO' gf] kuinoNeck/Throat- 3f“l6 ghañti wrist- gfl8 nadiThyroid eminence- ?b3| l06 joint- hf]gL{ jornirudraghanti knee- 38“' f ghudaThorax (chest)- 5ftL chhati heel- s'sR{' rf kurkuchchabreast- :tg stan/ bw' dudh skin- 5fnf chhalalung- kmf]S;f] fokso muscle- df;' masuheart-d'6' mutu bone- xf8 haadribs- s/ª karang vertebral column- d]?b08Abdomen - k]6 pet merudanda
Medical words doctor- lrlsT;s chikitsak dysentery- cfp“ aaũabortion- uek{ tg garvapatan dyspnea- ;f; km]g{ ux|f] xg' ] saasabuse- b'?kofu] durupayogaccident- b'3{6gf durghatana ferna garo huneacne- 8lG8kmf]/ dandifor epilepsy- 5f/] /f]u chhare rogaddiction- gzf nasha epistaxis- gfsaf6 /ut aUg] nakadmit- egf{ bharnaa bata ragat bagnealcohol- /lS; raksi fatigue- ysfg thakananemia- /QmcNktf rakta alpata fever- Hj/f] jworoanorexia- vfg dg gnfUg] khana filariasis/elephantisis- xfQLkfOn] hattipaileman nalagne first aid- ky| lds pkrf/anxiety- lyGtf chintaasthma- bd dum prathamik upacharbirth- hGd janma genetic- j+;f0f'ut bansanugatblind- cGwf] andho glaucoma- hnljGb' jalbindublood- /ut ragat goitre- unuf“8 galagaãdboils- lknf] pilo gout- jfy bathburn- kf]n]sf] poleko grunting- sGg] kannecadaver- nf; laas headache- 6fpsf] bV' g] taukocataract- dfl] tljGb' motibinduchicken pox- 7]pnf theula dukhnecholera- x}+hf haĩja health- :jf:Yo swasthyacold- lr;f] chiso; ?3f rugha hospital- c:ktfn aspatalcongenital- hGdhft janmajat hunger- efs] bhokconstipation- slAhot kabjiyat hypertension- pRr /Qmrfkcough- vfs] L khoki uchcha raktachapcrawling- jfd] ;g{] bame sarne Immunization- vfk] khopcry- ?g' runu indigestion- ckr apachdeaf- alx/f] bahiro inflammation- ;\"hg sujandeath- d[To' mrityu inspection- x]g{' hernudevelopment- ljsf; bikas itching- lrnfpg] chilaunediabetes- dw'dx] madhumeha/ jaundice- sdnlkQ kamalpittalrlg/f]u chinirog labour- Joyf byathadiarrhoea- kvfnf pakhala lap- sfv kakhdiet- vflGs khanki leprosy- s'i7/fu] kustha rogdiphtheria- Eofu't] /f]u bhyagute malnutrition- s'kf]z0f kuposan measle- bfb/' f dadura rog menstruation- dlxgfjf/Ldischarge- axfj bahawadisease- /f]u rog mahinawari
mental- dfgl;s manasik pus- lkk peepMI- x[bo3ft hridayaghat respiration- ;f; km]g{]microbes- ls6f0f' kitanu rhinitis- ?3f rughamilk- bw' dudh saliva- ys' thukmumps- xf“8] hãde scar- bfu daagnasal discharge- l;“ufg sĩgaan sedation- lgbf| nĩdranausea- jfsjfs nfUg] wakwak semen- ljo{ birya sexual intercourse- ofg} ;Dks{ lagnenew born- gjhft lzz' nawajat yaun samparka sick/patient- lj/fdL birami sisu sinusitis- lkgf; pinasnight blindness- /QmcNktf rakta smell- ;'£“ g' sughnu spectacles- r:df chasma alpata speech- afn] L bolinutrition- kf]if0f poshan STDs- of}g/f]u yaunrogobesity- df6] f]kg motopan stiff- s8f kadaoperation- zNolso| f salyakriya stool- lbzf disaORS- hLjghn jiwanjal strabismus- 8]+9f] dedhoorthopedics- xf8hf]gL{ hadjorni stroke - kIf3ft pakshyaghatovum- c08f anda subcoastal recession- sfv] f xfGg]paediatrics- jfn/f]u baal rogpain- b'vfO{ dukhai kokha hannepalpation- 5fDg' chhamnu swelling- ;'Gg]sf] sunnekopalpitation- d6' ' 9's9's ug]{ mutu symptom- nIf0f lakchhyaan syphilis- lel/l¨ bhiringi dhukdhuk garne syrup- eml]n jholparalysis- kIf3ft pachhyaghat tablet- rlSs chakkiparasite- k/lhjL parajibi temperature- tfks|d tapkrampharmacy- cf}iflw k;n ausadhi tenderness- bv' fO{ dukhai tension- tgfj tanav pasal tetanus- wg'if6+sf/ dhanustankarphobia- 8/ dar thirst- ltvf{ tirkhaplacenta- ;fn saal trauma/injury- rf]6k6spoison- ljif bispollution- kb| 'if0f pradusan chotpatakpowder- w\"nf] dhulo treatment/therapy- pkrf/pregnant- ule{0fL garvini/ b'O{ upachar lhpsL dui jiuki tremor- sf“Dg] kamneproblem- ;d:of samasya tuberculosis- Ifo/fu] chhyayarogprolapse- v:g] khasne twin- h'DNofxf jumlyahapruritis- lrnfpg] chilaune umbilical cord- gfn naalpsychiatry- dfgl;s /fu] manasik unconcious- jx] f;] behos urine- lk;fa pisab rogpuberty- lszf/] cj:yf kisor awastha
vomiting- jfGtf bantawart- d;' f musawhooping cough- nx/] vfs] Llahare khokiwound/ulcer- 3fp ghau
Nepali-to English Glossary cGo cfkm\Gff] ca cf/fd ca/] cy{ cleefjs cfz cEof; cfzf clt crDd ctLt crfgs cfpg' crf/ afbn abfd cbfnt abdfz cfwf abgfd cfwL alx/f] clwsf/ afs; cfwl' gs cufl8 af“Rg' cl3 afgL cUnf] cfuf] af;“ cf1f aQL cfOdfO{ P]gf a]Rg' cfsf/ cfsfz a];f/ cvaf/ efn\" cflv/ e¥ofª clN5 efiff cln efif0f cd/ eft cDaf cldnf] e6df; efp cdN' o eO' {r+ fnf] cfgGb e'6\g' cgf/ e'tk'j{ c~rn c08f af]nrfn cfl“ w afN] g' cf“ug rSs' cªu\ /' cs+ rng cfk“ cgx' f/ cg/' fw]
rGbf lhNnf r/f] hn\" \"; 5fnf h\"df| 5ftf hg' lrxfg s8f lrq lrof sfh' Rofp sfvL bxL sfd bfn sf“qmf]b/ slj sljtf b/fh bof vn] vn] f8L b]z wg vL/ v'zL l9+8f] sd' f/L 9fs] f sg' 8fs] f] s/' f8f]/L s;' L{ bw' nfd PSsfl; nf6f] ux'“ nfQL un}+rf masu df;' n. meat unt maato df6f] n. earth, clay, soil u/La maya dfof n. love ufp“ mutu d6' ' n. heart 3/ nacnu gfRg' v.i. to dance l3p nadi gbL n. river naksha gSzf n. pattern, mapluhf naspati g:kftL n. pearuLnf] nata gftf n. relationship, xf8 alliance xn'sf nokar gfs] / n. servant xTsn] f] nun g'g n. salt okhati cfv] tL n. medicinexL/f pakaunu ksfpg' v.t. to cook Oltxf; pani kfgL n. water, rain hfuL/ paap kfk n. sin hfr“ parda kbf{ n. curtain, screen ´08f pardesh k/b]z adv. abroad pasina k;Lgf n. sweat´f]n patalo kftnf] adj. thin pet k6] n. stomach
Search
