1-What the Buddha Taught_Rahula

holding it sacred, rise early and, leaving Rajagaha, worship in this way.' 'But in the Discipline of the Arya (Noble One), young house- holder, the six quarters should not be worshipped in this way.' ' H o w then, sir, in the Discipline of the A r y a , should the six quarters be worshipped ? It would be an excellent thing, if the Blessed One would so teach me the way in which according to the Discipline of the Arya, the six quarters should be worshipped.' 'Hear then, young householder, reflect carefully and I will tell you.' 'Yes, sir,' responded young Sigala. A n d the Blessed One said: 'Just as, young householder, the Aryan disciple has put away the four vices in conduct; just as he does no evil actions from the four motives; just as he does not make towards the six doors of dissipating wealth; avoiding these fourteen evil things, he is a guardian of the six quarters, is on his way to conquer both worlds, is successful both in this world and in the next. At the dissolution of the body, after death, he is reborn to a happy destiny in heaven. 'What are the four vices of conduct that he has put away? The destruction of life, stealing, adultery, and lying. These are the four vices of conduct that he has put away. 'By which four motives does he do no evil actions? Evil actions are done from motives of partiality, enmity, stupidity and fear. But as the Aryan disciple is not led away by these motives he does no evil actions through them. ' A n d which are the six doors of dissipating wealth? Drink; frequenting the streets at unseemly hours; haunting fairs; gambling; associating with evil friends; idleness. 'There are, young householder, these six dangers of drink: the actual loss of wealth; increase of quarrels; susceptibility to disease; an evil reputation; indecent exposure; ruining one's intelligence. 'Six, young householder, are the perils a man runs through frequenting the streets at unseemly hours: he himself is un- guarded or unprotected and so too are his wife and children; so also is his property (wealth); in addition he falls under the suspicion of being responsible for undetected crimes; false 120

rumours are attached to his name; he goes out to meet many troubles. 'There are six perils in haunting fairs: A man keeps looking about to see where is there dancing? where is there singing? music ? recitation ? cymbal playing ? the beating of tam-tams ? 'Six, young householder, are the perils of gambling: if the man wins, he is hated; if he loses, he mourns his lost wealth; waste of wealth; his word has no weight in an assembly (a court of law); he is despised by his friends and companions; he is not sought in marriage, for people will say that a man who is a gambler will never make a good husband. 'There are six perils of associating with evil friends: any gambler, any libertine, any tippler, any cheat, any swindler, any man of violence becomes his friend and companion. 'There are six perils in idleness: A man says, it is too cold, and does no work. He says, it is too hot, and does no work; he says, it is too early . . . too late, and does no work. He says, I am too hungry, and does no w o r k . . . too full, and does no work. A n d while all that he should do remains undone, he makes no money, and such wealth as he has dwindles away. 'Four persons should be reckoned as foes in the likeness of friends: the rapacious person; the man w h o pays lip-service only to a friend; the flatterer; the wastrel. ' O f these the first is to be reckoned as a foe in the likeness of a friend on four grounds: he is rapacious; he gives little and expects much; he does what he has to do out of fear; he pursues his own interests. 'On four grounds the man who pays lip-service only to a friend is to be reckoned as a foe in the likeness of a friend: he makes friendly professions as regards the past; he makes friendly professions as regards the future; the only service he renders is by his empty sayings; when the opportunity for service arises he shows his unreliability. 'On four grounds the flatterer is to be reckoned as a foe in the likeness of a friend: he approves your bad deeds, as well as your good deeds; he praises you to your face, and in your absence he speaks ill of you. 'On four grounds the wastrel is to be reckoned as a foe in the

likeness of a friend: he is your companion when you go drinking; when you frequent the streets at untimely hours; when you haunt shows and fairs; when you gamble. 'The friends who should be reckoned as good-hearted (friends) are four: the helper; the friend who is constant in happiness and adversity; the friend of good counsel; the sympathetic friend. 'The friend who is a helper is to be reckoned as good-hearted on four grounds: he protects you when you are taken unawares; he protects your property when you are not there to protect it; he is a refuge to you when you are afraid; when you have tasks to perform he provides twice as much help as you may need. 'The friend who is constant in happiness and adversity is to be reckoned as good-hearted on four grounds: he tells you his secrets; he does not betray your secrets; in your troubles he does not forsake you; for your sake he will even lay down his life. 'The friend of good counsel is . . . good-hearted on four grounds: he restrains you from doing wrong; he enjoins you to (do what is) right; from him you learn what you had not learnt before; he shows you the way to heaven. 'The friend who is sympathetic is to be reckoned as good- hearted on four grounds: he does not rejoice over your mis- fortunes; he rejoices with you in your prosperity; he restrains those w h o speak ill of you; he commends those w h o speak well of you. 'And how, young householder, does the Aryan disciple protect (guard) the six quarters?1 The following should be looked upon as the six quarters: parents as the east; teachers as the south; wife and children as the west; friends and com- religieux)panions as the north; servants and employees as the nadir; recluses and brahmins (the as the zenith. 'A child should minister to his parents as the eastern quarter owattfhrocnaoe1oceNymmo',swrotdtdaohwhicurneecsyttgohihsearitpespodrieBpraitnineumhtgdsddeadtoodotohrhbeladeltgsihegaoBqexafdurepts'aaiDlaohraintnnimiesndhscrasasistnptboeioolwcciitfunSiatnrterirhgegad,oaedstflaihaetnttiexhhdwomteenehmnr..Aaon,Itarfditylnthaahswneteeg(osNae'risxrdloidxbwqoluqftoeoaupuraOelptdrrenrtfreecoesrvo)rs'aemm'rnbaeietynraefagrnwn'otdpyahmryehodotrtoahewifntceugptrtaeeeoeldr.rw''fBwcoioronrorammrshtshhiimhnniipsiggipn's 122

in five ways (saying to himself): Once I was supported by them, now I will be their support; I will perform those dudes they have to perform; I will maintain the lineage and tradition of my family; I will look after my inheritance; and I will give alms (perform religious rites) on behalf of them (when they are dead). 'Parents thus ministered to by their children as the eastern quarter, show their love for them in five ways: they restrain them from evil; they direct them towards the good; they train them to a profession; they arrange suitable marriages for them; and in due time, they hand over the inheritance to them. 'In this way the eastern quarter is protected and made safe and secure for him. 'A pupil should minister to his teachers as the southern quarter in five ways: by rising (from his seat, to salute them); by waiting upon them; by his eagerness to learn; by personal service; and by respectfully accepting their teaching. Teachers, thus ministered to as the southern quarter by their pupil, show their love for their pupil in five ways: they train him well; they make him grasp what he has learnt; they instruct him thoroughly in the lore of every art; they introduce him to their friends and companions; they provide for his security everywhere. 'In this way the southern quarter is protected and made safe and secure for him. 'A wife as western quarter should be ministered to by her husband in five ways: by respecting her; by his courtesy; by being faithful to her; by handing over authority to her; by providing her with adornment (jewellery, etc.). 'The wife, ministered to by her husband as the western quarter, loves him in these five ways: by doing her duty well; by hospitality to attendants, etc.; by her fidelity; by looking after his earnings; and by skill and industry in all her business dealings. 'In this way the western quarter is protected and made safe and secure for him. 'In five ways a member of a family should minister to his friends and companions as the northern quarter: by generosity; by courtesy; by benevolence; by equality (treating them as he treats himself); and by being true to his word. 'Thus ministered to as the northern quarter, his friends and 123

companions love him in these five ways: they protect him when he is in need of protection; they look after his property when he is unable to; they become a refuge in danger; they do not forsake him in his troubles; and they respect even others related to him. 'In this w a y the northern quarter is protected and made safe and secure for him. 'A master ministers to his servants and employees as the nadir in five ways: by assigning them work according to their capacity and strength; by supplying them with food and wages; by tending them in sickness; by sharing with them unusual delicacies; and by giving them leave and gifts at suitable times. 'In these ways ministered to by their master, servants and employees love their master in five ways: they wake up before him; they go to bed after him; they take what is given to them; they do their work well; and they speak well of him and give him a good reputation. 'In this way is the nadir protected and made safe and secure for him. religieux)'A member of a family (a layman) should minister to recluses and brahmins (the as the zenith in five w a y s : b y affec- tionate acts; by affectionate words; by affectionate thoughts; by keeping open house for them; by supplying them with their wordly needs. 'In this w a y ministered to as the zenith, recluses and brahmins show their love for the members of the family (laymen) in six ways: they keep them from evil; they exhort them to do good; they love them with kindly thoughts; they teach them what they have not learnt; they correct and refine what they have learnt; they reveal to them the way to heaven. 'In this way is the zenith protected and made safe and secure for him.' When the Blessed One had thus spoken, Sigala the young householder said this: 'Excellent, Sir, excellent! It is as if one should set upright what had been turned upside down, or reveal what had been hidden away, or show the way to a man gone astray, or bring a lamp into darkness so that those with eyes 124

might see things there. In this manner the Dhamma is expounded by the Blessed One in many ways. A n d I take refuge in the Blessed One, in the Dhamma and in the Community of Bhikkhus. May the Blessed One receive me as his lay-disciple, as one who has taken his refuge in him from this day forth as long as life endures.' (Digha-Nikaya, No. 31) THE WORDS OF TRUTH Selections from THE DHAMMAPADA 1 All (mental) states have mind as their forerunner, mind is their chief, and they are mind-made. If one speaks or acts, with a defiled mind, then suffering follows one even as the wheel follows the hoof of the draught-ox. 2 A l l (mental) states have mind as their forerunner, mind is their chief, and they are mind-made. If one speaks or acts, with a pure mind, happiness follows one as one's shadow that does not leave one. 3 'He abused me, he beat me, he defeated me, he robbed me': the hatred of those w h o harbour such thoughts is not appeased. 5 Hatred is never appeased by hatred in this world; it is appeased by love. This is an eternal Law. 24 Whosoever is energetic, mindful, pure in conduct, discriminat- ing, self-restrained, right-living, vigilant, his fame steadily increases. 125

wisBeymeanndmeaavkoeu(ro, f dhiilmigseenlfc)e,andiiss2lca2inp2dlinthea, t annodflsoeoldf-cmaanstoevreyr,wlheteltmh.e ntreegFalosiugorelesn,.cem, ebnut othfe lwitidsee minatenllpigr2oe6tneccet,s hgiisvediltihgeemncseelavsesa souvperremtoe mseunGcsiehvephlaenpaopstiunryeeossus. .rsTehlveesmaunntowhnoe2g7mligedeintcaete; shwaviethndoiliingteinmcaecyattwaiinths conTthriosl, ftihceklwe,iseunmstaenadmyakmesinsdtr,3a3idgihftf,icausltthteoflgetucahredr, thdeifafircruolwt . to nGeosHos.adrdit tios rteostcraoinnt,roulnsthtaeblmeiinsd.t3h5Ais cmoinntdro;liltedflimtsinwdhebrreivnegrs iht alpisptsi-. pTeerHasceohniwndgho,oessheenmowtihnaodtstaeiisncofuunnlfslitndeeeasndscy.e3,8wheavwerhs,o tkhneowwissdnoomt tohfe suGcohoda hthaetWseerh,.aatevwerronhgalrym-dairefcoteedmmayinddo42mtoaya dfooeo,noerhaarhmatefarr toexacneeodthinegr maNneistuhcehr gmoootdhears, insowr rfoauthgehrt, b4ny3oar raingyhtloyt-hdeirrerceteladtivmeincda.n do a The man who gathers only 4t7he flowers (of sense pleasures), 126

wslheeopsiengmivnidllaisgee.ntangled, death carries him away as a great flood a aonndOesnelelefftsishuondudolondenneaonbtdyprloeytfhtienurtnso.dtoOhnenee.5fa°suhltosulodf oraththeersr, cionntsoidtehrinwgshadtobnye pevraeAcnstissaeo bifter.uauittliefsusl ifslotwheer wthelalt-sips5o1kfuelnl woforhdueofbuotnelacwkhsofrdaogersanncoet, feeqluIlfoa,lw,asslheotipnoenwefiatrrheessto,hleoutnfeeolyodlop.eusrsnuoett6fhiiendsoalictaormypcaonuirosne;wthheoreiscbaenttbeer noor Ind'Ieehda,vehesohnims,seIlhf aisvenowtehailstho':wtn6h2.inHkoiwngctahnussotnhseofrowoleaisltthrobuebhliesd?. uthneEdevfrleasntvaoinfudarlltohhfeitshTelirfusetohau,pf.oevoel nasasosc6ti4hateesspwoiothn a(dwoiesse mnoatn,unhedewrsiltlanndo)t faancdTeh. tahtedereedsuilst noof twwheicllh doonnee,exw6p7heirciehnocense wreegerpeitnsgwwheitnhita istedarofnuel dthoeTeshfoenooflotcoorlimpteehnsintk(odsogaernsiefen.voitl pdreoeddu6a9cse srweseuelttsa)s. hBounteyw,hseon liotngripaesnsit, unEshvaeknenasbay sporlaiidseroocrkbilsamunes. ha8k1en by the wind, so are the wise 127

theEvweinse absecaomlaekter,andqeueipl,haevxitnregm22he2elyardcltehaer Taenadchtirnagn.quil, so do othFeerws mameroenlyg rmuennuapreantdhedyowwhn8o5thcerobssantko othne tfhuisrthsiedre.shore. The wbuhFronolilrnyghsiem(to,ffrwtehhee,opahansadssiorcindosm)o.pflaeltledb9o0tnhdes,jofuorrnesyu,chwha oonise sthoerrroewilsesnso, cs uh caHhrei oatwesethero'assdecfoasnstet rnoosnle,es heeavrewenh otmhiaessgtpeo9ur4der gsdeedlniovkfey p(rhhioodrlesd,efsdreeaewrfe) .rllo mu npda sesri otnhse, rpiogCihsatelldym. kinsowthiengt,hoius gwhth,olclaylmfret9eh6de, wpoerrfdecatnlyd pdeeaecdefoufl hainmd ewqhuoi-, (wsouhfpTorgheoehmoaemds aasanmenvodwenrhgeeovdmilia)se,lnln.wtoihtesoc, rhewadhsuolov9uh7osam,sitwpeudhtoaalknlnodeewnsdsirettsoh,etvh'euernicolyrcecahatseeidoi'ns, yetOhnee ims atyhecobnesqtueorf icnonbqauttelreora1s0t3whohuosacnodnqtuimeress haimthsoelufs.and men, NeBitehteterraisgoidt , trnuolry atno 'acnogneqlu1'10e,4rn-1oo0nr5eMsealfrat,hnaonr tBorachomnqauceoruoldthteurrsn. he1aGvaenndlyhambbuasi,cifarnese.ly rendered as 'angel', refers to a class of semi-divine beings: 128

imnatostedreefdeaatndtheevevricrteosrtyraionfeda inpecrosonnduscut.ch as this who is self- wanhdTohsomeluefg-dchiotanottenrsoeli,nmyaweytisbldeivottemer.a, ihnudn1e1de1dre, dis yaealirfse wofitohnenodatyrufeorinasmigahnt WhMoaskoeevherasitse slionwdionindgoinggoogdo1;o1d6r,eshtirsaimn inydoudrelimghintsd infreovmil. evil. whIet nishiws eelvlilw(idtehedth) ebeeavrisl-fdroueirt1,1uh9netitlhehnisseeevsilit(sdeilelde)ffreicptes.ns. But ripIetniss. iBllu, t pwerhheanpsi,t wbeiathrs thfreuid1to,2e0trheonf hgeoosdeeus ntthile hhisapgpoyordesdueletsd. fEovoDelno, ganaotwthaettrheiinrn-gkpoilttigdihrsotlfpyilbloeyfdedbvryoilp,t1,hs2faei1yllfisanlhgli:imng'sIetolfwfwidlilrtohnpoestv. iclL.oimkeewtiosemteh'e. EmvaDenno, gansaotthatewhriianntkgerli-itpgodhtrtloiyspofbfilygleoddorodbpy,12,st2fahiyellisnfaghl:ilmi'nIsgtelwoffiwlldirtnohoptgs,ocoosmdo.ethteo wmies'e. hagisWaienhvsoitsl othceoevmewreisnodfbf.aecnkdsonanthaint nfoo1c2oe5lnthimpesreslofnl,ikepufrieneanddustguthilrtloewssn, onAeslellftr, eomnbeleshaotuwldeanpootnssl;aya,llnfo1e2ra9rcaduesaetht.o Csloamy.paring others with 129

hcreerHaeteaufrtweesrh.oth, atseaerkeidnegsihriosusoowfnhahIpaJppIipniensess,ss,hatollrmnoetnotsbtwaiinthhatphpeinreosds fleTshhegrmoawns,obfultitntloet hleisarwniinsgdo(m1i5g.2norant) grows like a bull; his theNiroyt ohuatvhi,nmg elinvepdinteheawHaoyllyikLei1fo5e5l,d nhoetrohnasviinnga olabktaeinweidthwoueat ltfhisihn. hIteIisfhidamifsmfeilacfnu,ltbp,eriainncdgtiesewedse,llht-oicmocsnoetnlrftorlwolelhdoa,nt wehsieelllfah.damveoncioshnetrsolotohveerrs ottohedros,. (prreoOftunegecest)ieolcfnain(srteohfneurege'es)boeww?hnWicphitrhiostoehncaet1ors6der0lf(torfeufglulayginec.)o;ntwrohlaltedo,thoenre porbottaeicntsoar BafinyeBodtoy.hneePorsnu.eerlisfteyilsfaeinnvddileimeledpftuisruinteydvoidlneedpoea1nn6nde5d oabnnydoonbneyesseoellnff.eisNnedlofeeiosdneoisnceaonndeepfupiruleirfdiy-. oDfoDexnoiosttneeonmtcebfroaanlcldeo wfcaolnsmet ienvauinei wt yts)h. iinSsgo1ns6.ot7ht eDpowr oolnrolondtg(eidd.ew.. eSl lamisnaran,e gt hl ieg ecnyccele. raottyCaacolhmcmheea, nritboetth,ooiniltd.wthhiicsh fwooorllsdf,lohuonwderit, bruest efmorbltehse waniseotrhnearmeeinstnedo 130

oenvtBeirreetttheuerniievsaertrthhsee, .gthaainn ogfoiEnngtetroinhgei 7at8vheenS, ttrheaanmrtuhlaensusoplreemsoevoerveeirgnthtye thiNs oist ttohedToeaacnhyinegviol,f tthoecBulutdi1vd8ah3taes.good, to purify one's mind, 'wNhiTobhbheaanmramoissst aesnxuocpterhlelemern;et'n,aosscraeyitsicthhpeera1Ba8cnu4tidacdsehceiastsi.cpaHwtiehenoincheduearentdsd iofsothrneboresar.reacnlucsee. tsTheeecTalcoufhsusiinopndnegaa, mkotfoenntohdtaieelllv,Boptutroedecddoeohnpaentssso.e, lhftaotromb18,eh5itgomhpoerdraeccrtaoitsnees criienosutersaantieinsntsga,,ctcthooi r dliiivsnegt hitnoe s 197 freHeafprpoyminhdaetreeddwaemliidvset whaittheofuult mhaetne. among the hateful. We live ThTehpeeaccoenfquulerreosrt binegheatps peinnmesist,y2;g0it1vhiendgeufepabteodthlievidctoowryn ainnddidsetrfeesast.. friHenedalitsh tihsethbeesbtekstingsamina;nc; oNnitbeb2na0tn4maeinst tihsethseupbreesmt ewebalilstsh.. A trusty TbercHuotahmv.einsgwtoaeslteesds aonf dthsetaifnlalevsosu, 2rd0ro5ifnksoinligtutdhee aenssdentcraenoqfuitlhleityjo, yonoef freFerformomlulsutstartihseerse gisrienfo; gfrrioemf, mluusct harleissessfefaera.r. For him who is 131

chaHreiotw, hhoimhIolcdasll baacchkarairoisteeenr;2a2on2tgheerr afos lkonoenlychheoclkds tahewrehiinrsli.ng wiCthonliqbueerarlitayn,gaenrdbtyhelolivaer,weitv2hi2l3trbuyth.good; conquer the miser boBdye. oFnorysoaukirnggubaorddilaygmaiinssctopnhd2yu3sc1itc,afloallgoiwtatriiognh;t cboencdouncttrionllbeoddiyn. woBrdes.onFoyrosaukr ingguawrdroanggaisnpsetecv2he3,r2bfaolllaogwitaritgiohnt;wbaeyscoinntwroollredds. in thoBueghotns. yFoourrsagkuinagrdevaiglatihnosut gmh2t3es3n,tafol lalogwitardigohnt; wbaeyscoinnttrhoolulegdhtisn. in Tthhoeuwghistes,avreerciloyn,trtohlelyedarien fduele2lyd3,4ccoonntrtroollleledd. in words, controlled rseilmBveoyrv.deesgrheiess,oliwttnle ibmypluitrtiltei,efsr,oma2s39maomsmenitthtoremmoomveesntt,hae wdirsoessmaonf deeAdss rluesatd, tahreisetrnanosugtreosfsoirrotno, t2eh4ae0tsstiatsteeslf oafwwayo,e.even so his own LtiemKtenn. oowt gtrheiesd, Oandgowoidckmedanne, ssth2ad4t8raegviyl otuhitnogssuafrfeeruinngcofnotrroallalbolneg. 132

netThliekreedieslunsoiofinr.e Tlihkeerleusist. nToher2irvJeIeirslinkoe gcrriapvilinkge. hate. There is no cLoiknTceheeaclfhsaauafflst aoonfceroatfhwteyirnsfoniwoswleesarsidolyitshgs2eue5rei2'ssne;sfbhauuitmltossen;lef'.bs uotwonnies'shaordwnto soenee. hweoHrwledh,wohhleeo,adihnsadsaeetprdua,nreissclecifnaedl,leehddebawobht2hho6ik7mlkiveheruist. w(giothodu)ndaenrdstdaenmdienrgit i(nevthili)s, aFttahnokiNdrseosutwhtnwoatbarthyluadrgteshiiailsstse.oncgnBcaoelulhoetdeddtohieaasesnsdwaoaginlsseeeae.agbvmeee.2acs6nHo8omwe/u2eth6wo9wah,hosaaastugienifsd{hemeorvulsdintlaii,)nnigdisfsaoinbpndoaeeitrebhdeosffaisdoceosasalligesiesnh., WbipoOerfddsspat(thNhesoSbtelheeeinTEgruigOthhntsef)o;(ltdDheePtMaactahh2nm7i3soefnttVhieissibotehnse)t.;beosft torfutshtastetsheanFdouorf V(EivTsiihol)in.s. isFothleloownlythWis ayW. aTyh: erteh2iis7s4niso oththeerbefowriltdheermpuernitficoaftioMnaoraf vtheerFiolaylrlroioswwitnh(goeftWshuiasfyfeWrdiaenycgl)ay.roeud sbhya2lml75emawkheenanI ehnadd olfeasrunftfetroingre. mTohvies atarteYivooenu,lyayroeteuadrcseehlilevvreesrs.eTdshhfooruoselmdwtmhhaeokbee2on7ntt6hedres teohffifsMoPrata;rtahth(aEenvdAil)ww. ahkoenaered mOendeis- iJ3

wThi'siAdslolimsc,tohntedhiePtniaothnoentdeo tPbhueinrcigotsym.aerse idm2i7spp7earsmsiaonneantet',twowheanrdosnethseeespatihnisfuiln. iTnh'iAwslilissdcotohmne,dPittahiotehnnetdhoePthubirenictgoysm. aerse d2di7us8pkkahssaio(n11a1te)', towwhaerndsontheesepeasintfhuils. wThi'siAdslolims s,tthatetehsPena(dthhhaetmombPaeu)croiatmryee. swditih2s7op9austsisoenlfa't,e wthoewnarodnse tsheees ptahiinsfuiln. dst htoroWmoun.ghgho, t ssit,sr iavgneidsv ewnnohtotwoihsiedlnal ezhnyee—sssth,hoawu2t 8lhid0dolsetirrsi vnleeo,voewsrehfoiin,ndt hshoitsuh egphwuyrapoyoutsnoeg waa innsdd- eavttiWalinwatictthhheftuhPleatobhfomdspyae;deelcehtk,nhowimwelnlpubrrye2isf8tty1rhaetihneSesadegetishn.reme iwnda,ysleotf ahcimtiond,oanndo MthaeTlfuhoveraecsrctarveloienopgekrio.nfgHthfeeorjmufmarunpista.dhdiitch3te3er4d atnodcathreiltehsesr,lilviikneg agrmoownskleiykeina thiWrsht,ohsiosevsoerrrionwtshigs rwoworlldikies Boiv3r3ea5rncaomgreasbsyatfhtiesr wrarient.ched clinging wsoaBtdeuirtf-fdwicrhouopltssotfeorvoeomrveianrcloothmtiuses,w(lhoeiarslfd).3s3oo6vrreorwcosmfeasll thaiws awy refrtcohmedhcimravliinkge 134

277 iusnAninosjtuadreedtsrteraeonydceudst,trtdohoniswg,snuefvsfpeerrnionusgtosarwfisoherestnhagtahagienaipnarnodipf eaingtssaiitnry.oottos crreamvianing hdaisrLceea.drdTbhcyerarcevrfianovgrie.ngletmethne rubnhikthki3hs4u3,wawyhoandwitshhaets lihkies adnetaecnhsmnaernetd, wtbhiiyrFttshhreelefamnfitrdnhoydmdseertclehfaleyef.arpsoreemds etnehtv.eeCrpyrawosshts,eirn3ferg4,e8teon otthhyemsfeoalrfret hf resorhmsahltot hrteeh ooffuuet uxcriosemt,eenfcr eet o,e is Greosotrdaiinst roefsttrhaeinntoosfe.thGe oeoyde. i3sG6o0reosdtriasinrtesotfratihnet toofntghueee. ar. Good 361 GThoGeoodbohdiiskiksrhesurterrsaetirsnattrianoitnfeodtfhietnhemevibneordyd. yw.RaeGystoriosaidfnrteiseedvreefrsrytorwmahineatrlleosfiusfsfpgeeroeioncdhg... swpieHtheecinhw,, hcaoonmdisppocosoesnsdte,rsossloilnleigdtartiyhneahnhadnigcd3ho6,e2ncstotenncttroeondlt,lrehodilmi(notfhfoemyoitcn,adcll)o,antdbreholliilkgekhdhteiudn. eanttvOayinn(etchsoehnogcuaeilnndtronafot)itoodnteh. seprsis.eTwhehabt3h6oi5knkehruecwehivoese,nvaineds ootnheersshoduoleds nnoott (nmoHti,nedhewanihndodbehoeaddsyi)s,ncoaanladlettdhaecahwbmhheionktkd3ho6wue7hs. antsootegvreirevteo oNvearmwehaant dtheFroermis 135

}68 hinapTtphhieenebTshseiakockfhhisunti,gllwionhfgotthahebeidBceousnddidnihtailoo, nvaeintdtga-tihkniisnngdthsn.eessS,tawtehoofisCdaellmig,httehde nboraHrhemboaftonhr., whehowmhotheisre uenxdiissttsren3s8se5eitdhearndthiusnbshoourned,nohrimtheI ocathllera, tahneTd hwneaigrsrhuitno, rgsglhoilnowewsssb.wyIindthamyr;aeddthiiateanmtcieo3on8ot7hnsehsihAniewnseastkhbeeynebndriagOhhmnt;ea.inn. hBius taarlml doauyr hkinmHoweI,wcahhleol sawe bhdroeashthmiansaynd.neesittrhoeyretdh4ed2e0gfoidlesmneonrts daenmdigboedcsomnoer wmoernthdyo, htbhareasHhesrmeawagacenhh,.oeadckcntohomewpselnifsdohreomdf ebwri rilttihhvsesa4,al2ln3wdahcaoctotsmaeipensleidshhetmoa ve nes unt sp,ea nrh-dikmnhoeIwll,lceawdllgheoa, THE LAST WORDS OF THE BUDDHA Tm\"TbAbHeeehnaaeyeayccnrnoohebdnueeatasrr,h,irdeetwaAees(earnwBceaDhhdleneeaosdhrvicsnaaeetw,vrdtiewhhnt)ehiieOsntathhnt(lIDeeiutghoaWshamatmnods.omordgWdmroaesm)nehsesooaa.eofrntdefdtI\"hy.eDthohBaiuTesvuecettaiVhpcAtelehainennuteraeghrnhwoad(tbuVhalgaio,enhnaiitdstyAamlsng)a,haaoiodyntnhudeildcas1d;oo: mwwon'uioneIlr:ttl, en1daetidta',sadtothesuknaomt pcaovnavceayntahme.sRenhsyesoDf athveidosr'igtrinaanlslwatoirodns:. 'The word of the master is 136

(tngbAhaohyem'niaJkesuewkm.,shotaAur)ha.dissss,h\"eoAfFnauirnmolidareinnlaybdddha\"d,nirkae(tkAmhshseveuuab,sohosAre)i k,nnwkiatohhinrtuedhasyas,nts\"hohmSewoaiurywl\"adoda('rddBndrdhoeraste\"nssFtdesoro)inaeoesnrojdau\"n\"nwV;oiheot hnaer eenbrrj uayIwbn alhiioetmih\"sr AbipeBwewrSmexvrhahnahephe'''T'inpsiaIBWLecrknokfgohnoneekurkhsfhedpatttthoeahawneathc,ucdn,suhn,heteesSeshit(olo,imhyewreIrSntrbueso,tto.aehhlhu'Bawntret2toiaBrhhmehsgfhksuhte)elaeheike.flacmktladashBgthevkPcs,uoeehieeh(asnrnswwtdituehekaeththiaoiebk,h,tOtmfeChohhetfnAnCuaeouehahyrerutrcanoIwiCesnamgbtat;asannhhhhwempmdradaeeedwedinausdtasrgtne,BshnoekPoaawipsuurythnt.csaehdb'yiteeiocntoedt,md,hwudaholcalth\"hahdttthrebh.aiy,hie.og'mte?penlho'ei,AoOethrsrbhtshpserhntotkldiahoetueklhsxperigBrkkekie)hthhenDaylttsuiade:shh,klssivheatkns:\"ioyAemhsOBu1rteu'nhmlIulsdasetaer.hahnsn,simmodwTdmDeuaaedioimo,lns;yardhdicOnnnhttbnhbhooiooeeteeererfrt,, BtTheheWTTAaikchhbhkhseeheeehnincrbuk.ohskttn,hiThhkdeiuhtskhsethBianwmu.tl,eas.esysB.sroaheeasundaimskdidpakaO,iauhbnntuottehesvhdne,eioar.slbddeihlqdtediurnfkemertkssieseehteinvuotddeosnnostsrhpeftoeomehumareaktitBnhaoteleonfeddstfrshresesiivideraleednirndOdet:tn..ni'cm3e'Ietea.fdmodrar es sed yy obuer, pwpbAoaafrnnurerafi213cododeCttLTsaeunnihrmohbsdtodtaafeeeeu,emtlnrcbnfharaain-eetdcenewmlhcasdeledapyedia,ePluwe:tlahchesBoai'asetrdDenenusin,ntifdobAhhtvoifdlhteriaiarrhmhacnehtcaeanaeikthcsim.ahtlfialpanheocenLtetigi(slhtrntsdoaeeh,easteripyuTenaecaletrcmnoteydnaohdmpa'ihbasu),dcrslpeltlhBotoedhoyapen,rcefenraeioanoha,rihstptfotitkhmesaeinaleoerniaiskenetcaabp-ydeBolndorhewtmiudayntsittkoidnhtpahkcwdddhelphuehiaehesuattutO.raoehcrtbe,mrioeeossadrowhhoatnpMeepcatoyhrseiielucaaerfnaqa.lolsndeltnouflbedyfderAtow.sPh.yltnoaheLricHaofpiioantsnnSesettpcdeetaneedr,dtanre.iegSnbrhvvheitdeedeihcahesndte,midalthyvhewqeatdiintronuasotdsgehpCbestardteehphiogoaeebuoohnrnebdBivinfsssoeuattstrirodwipcsneaadiearahnllhhyilytitdyaeess. 137

w(BwdcAfDtttmTSohhiFooahvronhheaermTET'TynufeinaanYotoakgbhhvhndmmtmilthTkoh.teeeneldoeh'uhmuuaasnnnar(aot,ntuentfai,ahhshrnuadssitcto,iewhatp,tthlcrespyro,geaeeoeveoItMecaandhtmreSolrrBhoktyeaaoiVnpifapsembhrdlwtl,ee.tbloahehddtihmsnPeph(xuethIsrisoeireahaktehiitu.eeurrtketoskSdsinlyiah.osbksnasythalib,afiesthootOunbaltymtyBwuoeuebfsgbbonoawsaarsruhooehue)iirnrAdasfou,tsitavhaht,hkdantrnib-eeip,amdeskhdsoahlrioeutlsdahennAwihrtroPSa),tkruwpdeasuorent:ksltsasrtaissfaehhhpeuktBco,TsxnrhetaaiurntesfeurhridiSemtadsotmaicdetddaPiiytwnhen-rdudit.,aat.e.lhsTeoahhsi'tinBaiaenItghla,teaentbDrouete,,rnehedhoadbntaiatvagatouotnchiniethvihgssartesrtaidnnaieerka.iln-('ebtnttektnSttohohahnBomkihhhockne.etetuniitlua.oeaesseenoysnPpDnsvaB,dwfoatsmdre,ahsneuafssinfiaadncddSatottamhaduhyodotrfm),tecOienhnmo,tnEraemeeaoSrn,gn.an,dnieAN:bo,rlhgIc:,ihttnoona'geohTiisrad.lrh'nktriiItnhhentakataedetetet1bgihnhhhnsdn6nalisuyeeeees)-,,,., 138

Abbreviations MAMADDMLDMMDDa::bAhhha:hhAev(BP1nhPspdpd-vaDA:9oMek::iSah:Aibg2qushiaMtruygDhaa2i:us:iDg:Dothjasa)msaehujr.T,hnMDkariihjasatgnuaja-.htatilhh1mhanamtcamre(i9iarhSaii:nmm,Baka0mm:-Caek-an-7iaSarvnanmabaAyM)iis-aakpiner..ianabkagknasdaak,nibapBga,t:kyddagieiyaayadauhdnvCaaMdadty,ahdyint(.,aokahta(oaadeitaltPNem,atefrhd.torhtmhkdT(aa.aaimtIaPaakh.y-SnnaVkKstkaabeT-a,hauD)a-sno.evSdtKt.at1ahderV)ah,Dmaa.9-veaisiastr,5ndhaauui,i(S0oake.macPPt)T)urdyacmn.aTiaama.h)tpml).yStoeNaa,aaarfnanneaaerkgTcNdndaaoaa(hij.taCrlftsiaeaaiguoonSorvadAalania(oraloKd)asfjn(Tm.udsaCyiAihhnnbno(oeagasoPitlrta,ao,oiTan,s,(meS1sgS(1da9Cbaeie9.2m,odod2T9,.liLoe})hot.d)n.i1em.Po.9rndrba2HSa)eo9.dy(e),AhlLwv1aalaaan9univ2dtnVgi6t(aa)LaPV.mlrelTinevasSee-i, PPSSS:anrTmr:SSajaS:t:tmuhPtPyataau:alnitrtSaiapTam-arneaatxiatkttttahh(ySPaaajopTocp(StiiaPkekTetddydSs(iiPotneifToidnSL(itP)oi.eTondnSdi)to.einod.nit)i.on). VVUiidsb:mhU:: dVVdiinbsuhada(dnChgoiamlo(amPgTbgoSa,(eP1d9Ti2tSi9o)en.d)i.tion). 39

Selected Bibliograghy for the english reader A r n old, Si r Ed w iTnh:e TTheeacLhiignhgt oofftAhesiaCo(minpamssainonyateedBituiodndsh)a. (The New B u r tt, E dw i nA .: American Library, 1955). oa(AnlMgkzeaeesc,,m(BHiPlroluaarnunnol,e:LrCo,anBsdusSidonrdneehr)l,i;lsBmgOurxodfdwo(Mhr,idsa)mcW.maainllledaySn:c,ieBnLucodedn(hMdiosatncm)T; ielxlBatsnu,dTLdhohirnsodtuognEh)s.stahyes C D D h a m m a p a l a , B h i k k h u : Basic Buddhism (The Associated Newspapers ELHL ouuvoudmofnolpCsawhbe,ryeyeJkrl.yoy,:snE,,T,.GChFL.eh.tCrdDCio..so,n:ct CmstTrotihanalesoen:FmtoB:ofbuoBAodtup)wd.rdhaidnikhsteminostfi(ntMPhgeee(ldiLBciutuaazndtaidoSchnea&r(i(LeGCuse)oz.oa.r,cgLe&oAnCldloeon.n, )&L. oUnndwoinn),. London, 1958). M a l a l a s e k e r a , G. P.: The Buddha and His Teachings (The Lanka Bauddha Mandalaya, CBoluodmdhbiosm). N in a Nutshell (The Associated arada, Mahathera: Newspapers of Ceylon, Colombo). Manual of BTuhdedhHisemart(Tohfe N yanapo n ika , Thera : BAusdsdohcisiat teMdedNiteatwiosn- Colombo); papers of Ceylon, (Colombo, 1954). ya(NBahTuenuhwdaledsathpiA, alasWops(koTea acrhl si,peaMotoAelfasdashC:oNaeHcetyiiawhlsottseoenprrd,aya pN:CoeefoTrwBlshosueompdfEadbpChsoseiees)rymn;slcoTeoinnhf,oeCCfCeeBFoyyuulllooodnndnmdh,a(bimMCsomeo.)n;lDo(taTTm.lhhsbGeeoouWf)An.sBaossruodedcndoiaahf tit&sehmde N Co., Colombo, 1956). R R uhaIrycdisheyaiDabsbaa(ovBnniaagdn,ssg,,SkTD.o:.kr .,TWhTL.eh:uaBaEilnutahdgnid:cdhs)Bi.suomdf,dBhAuimsdmdehriiicnsamnthE(eTehcEteuigrheMtsao(hPfauMtnBoaodmedrh,niLSoScnoiedcnioetnitfy)ic.. S Colombo). T 140

TWhaHNTTorhhmiirrseevtaeoaQsnErn,yu,iafeeHsEo(tfTe.oonhfBfJreEuB.yd:nuWdCldihEdgilishhasadtratreolyknTmam:hsBBoeoLunuufedtgdgd(htdheJhthoneiishd(stKmEnaeaSMngsicdntaurinrpHSTrteauriPrsayritaneo,eussrLslyl,oa,(tnJ(iKooLdKenhooegnnng(adH)an.MnoanruPPv)raa;aruraudlTyl,,,hUeLLLnoooRinnnvoedddarooodsnnnitt)))oy;;; Press, U.S.A.). oODohxdafowmramdra)d;p,adTFah.)e(LAB.d:uydSadorh,maM'es aSdParayatihsn,gIsonfdoifVai)tr.htuee Buddha W (The (World's Classics, Translation of the 141

Glossary AAccaarriiyyaa-,mtuetathcih,er'.closed fist of the teacher', i.e., esoteric doctrine, AAddshheiamcmroemktkath,eaae,cvhildi,newtge.rromnign,atuionnju. st, immoral. Adinava, evil consequence, danger, unsatisfactoriness. AAAAAAAhjknkmljakuaaaarovsgtyaaadaa,l,ahmaa(-,nihSv,,iuoukjfn'nttnrNra.eewinomseAahntd,yoem-o',nsrlrmetettios.atnour)fte,mrre-nogicememro,irnmt'd,ysheoc.taimrhtotereuaerlstdiinhtt.y,eir,swdss'r.syotnnaoggne,yibmnadtfh,oerevrNielai.rlivzaantiao.n of Nirvana. Anapanasati, mindfulness of in-and-out-breathing, a form of medita- tion. AAAnnraaichtctaaan,,t,Nimoonp-eSeromwuhal,noeNnisot.-fSreelef . rom all fetters, defilements and impurities f through the realization of Nirvana in the fourth and final stage, and AAAAAAAAAArtvrvttsvttatwsiimiiiaayyhjrkdjsdoaahkdiaaami-d-aa,opnsarhv,asaatiaatiacn,(ghse,cPcananaahaf,(nnorj,r=loaaogrehia,NyiienAokdAmn-ohlaifbotdcnrib-teeembamiognlny,)semsa,totgao,igrnls)Tnugl,oroadueraectnuuss,tbtnelieirlti,ooosoalNhrfennnctgs.ohlta,e-,ifibvcs.loafdin.l,nosoeeo.lnleneuoEgen-snio'oicsgeop.eh'nsop.t.owfoosnwiltdniisoPlnarae.ntfdhu.g(per. otection). AvyakataAvuso, friend (form of address among equals). (with regard to problems) unexplained, not declared; Ayasma,(ethically) neutral, (neither good nor bad). venerable. 142

Ayataantandngaimb, lie'nSdtph;hiensrigxes'.eaxSntidexrmnianilntedsr-pnohabeljreescpst:hsev(riiedssieb:alsee,yfetho, oremuag,r,hstnoso,usncedo,,ntcooednpogtiuuoern,,s)tba.osdtey, BBBBBBBBBBBBhhhohohrrruhaaatjsdaiaaadijhkhhhyshivvhndskeammmaamiathah.ke,nnjaaBaap,kuByabg,-n,aa,auS,voaeat,A-sid-iB,h'cgb,rtumddwroe,fuaupaeoahtmerrVdareiccauadBcekd,iett,,imnooehtrnatjhDagnrarioteessseh,t,teyrouatimadpboeoTcipbmanhfextnirrOlnoienyieEe'eons,ddrs,nmentngiSmeeomclke,eoEni,ifieqrf,geccan.EMnuWehnmrmdltena,i.taewgbaenelicldisthenineogoicdmrtmldcnhureloiiiiottlnenmctnioetfynnmeaugfn,)tt.nureh.e.tFetihdnet(.ieymictnOh.u.uoisngnnuerhiken.vel.ieisvgrtiesocersas.asa,tlethilenotvrIeen,ediuacn.odmepr awshsiiochn, CCCCiehittttataeannk,daaa,gm,gviwaontildalil,.t.ioonn.e-pointedness of mind. DDDDDDDDDDDDDdahhhaehhhuorpsDuhnavgnssaaaaakytineiaavadharmmmmamkegsy,-cu,bna,htrhsammmmmoyactaaaaa.ceu,,nt,,njaaaaa,hur-adds----ggmars-cvcveuSi'emader(utaaiitiboiSicjrrrhitfkkatne,syrobaaifkyakkyanhtdehny,nhtma.ahalaari.aceinaa,,tiuwl,mtedanetcy,cwrcD'thss,wgea,,eoieee'i.,,hhoEdehlnacjeraencttu,riyhqeschwercco.sieutcm.lehhtlnitoueilahfoac-orseTlolweme)fdftiifb,el,ciTlTbernTeltelnea,yTrdimr.rlnnuaDueuruipegtsctrutnutunihsih,htesvtrtl'h.,iaa.te.ieoey,tt,df.isg.asaotTfo'hlfadrlefserec.atottltachhioBmtchieerun-iicnndgKhPoegdsiafsa,hnsmlaaig,mndb.udoaieDnrncreshstd';truaaiebtntauanesec-sst,gahdhanciorreboitminvibngaeeehdhldd-iaitlt;etiyikoto,aoheunrerssemonstdiSoueipplskgotiastidhr.,.- 143

Ehoi-fpathsseikBa,udlidt.ha'C. ome and see', a phrase used to describe the teaching HiMnreaafyehdranryiana,gn'aStmaonadellaTrVhlieeehrraicvolaredt'ha, .oadtoexrmseccotisne(odranscdhouoselsd) boyf tBheudMdhahisamya. nSisetes Indriya, faculty, a sense-faculty, a sense-organ. Jdti, birth. Jard-marana, old age and death. KKKKKKKKKKKaaaausahiahlamlmmbrmsaeaytuaasnnramaema/nlitdna,miyi,aanah,,aas,d-bka-,pe(wpcmeae,Snahofrrrhakitsiadomtioglettloehyea.al-gpnfmaaep,,rKaclrsletaKeseaeaohgnsca,,ramagaiatmsmmtfosotuseoe,antamocr,re.)e.itadb,,mamesser-,vtfetpviaeorhadirur.ipllieaeeritafnstin,koitiscdoirgaeoeee,n,ocds,aoowft,.tlhondopheard.laoecssfrtcsrelaiaiueonnosainscnttde,ees-so.l.piriyltne.roaeuatsshcuuatsrlilteooIsnonn.,fgddaitacehnteeidoc.rnai.gsthet path. a system, MMMMMMMMMMMMMaoeauaaaaaiaanHacthdnhhgnnjndnoctjidgaaaaaiaahohdnwtaa,,ssy-,siaaabm,ivaa,,lip-kmyhanogndmPaadsrm,ivncaioi-yirnatedetpg,eoatatmtaahtniae,hie,ra,on'it(.apan,Gnu,aainlnngatptyWnlawl)rctdtarehi.eheoeedvrnaaTanearf,aoeyertogthtt,rndsai.ilaescVos,egelMnar,onllmjael,uevwosi.vhmdesloyimaeioeindf,cdoedvwittllanjnnnaeeeo,.td,el,'ysi,Ps.wvni.lsalifoflr.tt(ooul.ohFCirsrnt.'omihifoogouritnninrhoeo.aeanpif,rnsdisBnns'Jniuhuasoudiputnpmrdca.i'cnh.mbe,iessersmn:K,tw.osoorefellifaldaairtteaeyrn,adndfdleuTvhieidablipoteyppt.,imnheeSesneaste.t, 144

NNNNNNNaiiiaiaArvrsnimvosarabaaadra-rsanh/-dmaornaaanul,a,ysuap,asPct,aa,ehae,nflssiraiTNnose,adurNeatuilrdiminlatobeoshnbensmi,csa.gnean,hl,neiatltsd,i,.osbvbt,'FehbisrtoseltahiorrtoeuBmwinocuf,intantdi,chmogdtrlnheioot.tinh.usutatgat'g,tlhsouetawhimxnnetidmgrisnedupocomihutsmiytos'bn..niooc'n.aSulemelfn,.eUrgltiiems.ate Reality, PPPPPPPPPPPPPPaaaaaaaaaahhuitaworifrrnfffsaagiiiiiiicia,sfcnssggcvscniatmassoteccahditijdaahkvrhdataol,aaadah,vki-hgeyw,tgttahs,cathaai.hhaanrioirBeS,a,,eemsamaasnnkgurppd,tueide(t(ideuoaa,.PSlvxphcnndgmcaPgapkitaoedxhtnenlaot,u..ntiaara.gdridtFncPtnanaaPigoouaiactoc,gvaailnrperntoleCris,a,aw.anancago,Aanrmi,iosbaenoingrnadibnduAglnngradeodisetsurrteninhurtieavptaa.eodnghrit)ss)ndichu,aa,smeiuet'nnn)nfAeda.etudugcs.lnbtel,Gu.rl(tsryprim,esomretnbela(arueelnctsnosttnotoeedi.wtnnsri),tT,n.i.an(gsrcDgeu.tnteohsopua,fett'nUii,ondtlnthteei,nemrptnfaeiaOntrlecareilsRgpepientaniassoalesint-itin,fyoag.mnc)aue.wlntiateaysl RRRaaiiagtpanaand,,almttuthasaeytt,atSe,drae,Tnsfgirorihepra.mle(.-thGeemO:rdtehreoBf Mudodnhkas,).the Dhamma (his Teaching) SSSSSaaaaakcNdkldcadkiyadbaraavya(tag,aaS-annSkdmaatki.t,.tif,.ShsiSaix',tOryabsdndpe)cdl,hieheeT-afrRr,eiusecnt.othuanS.rfenSiedeoerAu'n,lycaoetthra(enfSaaeis.tlehfc.,obnedliesft)a.ge in the realization of 145

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaauuaaatauaioudmmmmmmmmmmmmntmmtsmtnotdktliitdptasifhgr,hpnaammammmakmmmumaspsa,ahaa,daacjhtdttmad,v,uahaaiaaaataah,a,,rihnavatdisp-------a--tai,lhipirhirtynsavdkiesvivssonkl,,,e,taaesaaaaaaCeaaajiiawudaacifnn,rttcc,mcpmcdym,vfcotiefrccoDeaaooaaha,pasauaaoc,k'mheamu.,sa,Smnn,,i,idnrlranapdme,tnrmnirtvigtmaseqselrpscahrstigierriedeteno.iit,eunkipge,eiviseuhgeosntbn,r,thgaiunrahs,mitarsnthanlagrtini,,ahmitntl,s,iitlgin.t.,trmiagtothigteaerysataharg-tysloiyrnlaephvyieit,iwtt-giwmgsnivr,o,eetnsi.uoceofheiaehedemfricsctogpofof,nttr.wcrlaftoofenihueniB,acuhmonthonxan..nirndohl.eaurncfoicctmnetittmootshdteoe'tes.temt,ifuuioadsnenrdofsocttindg.ninhostt.nihnannrrua-h.ecirs.eeasaedslkt'ettasidtttd.f.e,ksfiicuooiltmmcctijriltnnahnacysnhoe,t..,icerantntlcstsohhnekghtsoeuesass.enoo.gg.IvfraehSnyeneedi.ndxnchitiaoiisstgnonhttheadnecnteaaeNrcrlsseet.toae.mrbluislezteyhdast.iTtiteoarmntuit,oohnaf.,Nmimervmeanbnteaarl. TTTTTTaahhaatBomMnnptieehnrarhhuraaataa,admdhihg--nkdvmaoa(alkauShdtygyihadsdakaeo,aatsdnntxeiy,..hnea'raOariT'aT,atTa,nrynCanl'hstdle.tedenoyhexyaraoHtwulps)iro,yn(isoihnntgesc'rrota,tdituhenaiytoimhdnaBbhrnanldsy)ustaofro'lp.,rotmafflhnroudStaemgesuhc,suniBhairoodroTgsuerfotahd.,'tBtl,adhaciouhserl(yfadaacvnTndtohriodhrmneenu,ifgseyteE.m,hLmrlr'aad,iraonferssosgiryvsran'eta,cNodoncc)nideo.rhypvnimtmaCsenidshdafeieo.latrftrneaoddgBroufttnoodogldbl.ohoewatSht,eheedaeer 146

TTiips(TtVahHifhrieaniaekganSahyata,ahe,nrrSgTe(DkeChhtaoor.mecd(TettearhriiReinnopeefiCtc,faauDokPngmaiohes,mnicsliiT:oucphsanlToirlinheptyedeeh)iy,voBBifauSosMniduooddtknothsasnP,aks,(ouysDfs)tchu.ihtsaehoclelolDoyugBhrcysauae)mdl.sld)emdhaaan''Ts(dThtereAaeabcechhhBiiidnnahggsa)kmieanmtnstdoa'. UUUUUUppppdccaedaahkdshdakeadakdhnycaaaaca,-ar,,vu-ageakpqdrualaaauk,sy,akdpanuBeinicnrmuncigvdaii,h,atdyaithrlit.eavitssatetitclo.mehnsmaisstnemtenes,rts..anannidhwilaotriroyn,is'ftltuhreroyrayn.d worry'. VVVVVVVVVVViiaiieiiiiibrcspprpnndiaiyishaaannaykgyskrsaaaaniaatiscavn,nteaa,,cia,ma,aanh,edahm,arsan,aegeace,,aentrasronar,iidnaunsngccm,iolcasusyhhthcutci,le.miigoatiblomuocahnnetnrout.tbsgn,ia,nscoeetlfni,sa,rneoeenaf,etuoqsarnrlvssfeuiladi.nnyeebntetghdnhsits.icocfarssoaaevmldara.cms-eaiftnrsanrastnotueicihmg.taorahsni,ttmd,e.de,eaeslnsittrhiteer.ire.radtfioocrnaa.sntenihinilatthieonI.ndian caste Vyapada, anger, hatred, ill-will. Yatha-bhuta, in reality, as things are. 147

Index AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAdclkmhgcjnmlnnlsnnantrsvrtArMhvussaa2asl2mbatd6wg4uuaeagXaaay6aaaaiiaoausoi1tyr2mgabpra3rrs1atgahaaokm1pahnnmatkiisasa.I;aieoaecg,kdtyh,dnlksna,doaatandgIa-amhakads,ghdharta,m5a6b,vnn,I,daosa6,g(,ehthtauaeet-af(.pa,a5in3aaht,rh,72f2rtaiAmRoaprgtjt3,,a,n4,,ui3a,dsne8i6ae,.,x'iau2tman,nan(P3i)uia,,x,g,a8s,7a66mm6i6ng),trd4,2r(dgat,t,4,e2-.614en,,833h1ti,t8.n0a.i(ms2)r3r9a2b201.F68ak492,n,C5-6ta.(d7.,c63.).)i;.s0,(.,6,,anioa.i9,,64m.,e.,0Au)ev6,i42,f64.t.4p48.l.()s21eyoo88,tw36627R8.s,,t3a),.uC(7f,3.ia1,.3,7,a6'6(oet,a82C7t,6.o.nt5r95aniM.na0765noe61l,.l8,d,5ofii2;.nn2,s8tef)6f8s3,cey,,.f2,n;56e.n6i.s)ct266ot,d5.s,5h.aoh;53(,u-i233lrenfi.,s5,95oisr(o.nsnn2,.6ef3Fftea5c,)R.25os.itt5iS,37)snuor,e.,7,mc-r3opna,ke955f2aosn568oa3tsdE8(,,itif;no-,it,d6tooin.5h4o255oiuns7ce29n)f;t,,,t,,. BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBbhhroeeieihoruuuuuunhaaanla2'hajpslaep(dttidudeddjhirvvddatckeon8havciehehhhvdmaamdvddusrmduka,ordamfan,ierih,ahhhl,aesh7nlncharpierpo,aaoas3-axrbiae84a,timoue-vts,loissgrn,9r-,6vg,seue,mmimx,togdafx,ah,emxe0hc.s,896rfBiahp,tasvs,aov.,ii.5o5e.47eaayscsirh,o(g8,m4,1srl;ra,eaaFaa2ix-yif7a.m.tn1g,nni,tfna3ea7.v,,2mwr.6etagan,7d,xc;i77ei2,5,erne.'.tadmv5e;4;oxypl6dl(to.,.fs,rmp8ra18qearfo)sxa0aal2s.6er,u,isnavhis;rn6ae;pen4ioii8,c,lnismte6iifnhaa8pntsc8ei.icn-gi;tnoudg18oE-tpied,ecl.l1,nuoraniac,ata;befe6nnpttlis1nbrmiuicdt.ago(s7a3hdDsrrni,hno.n,.eneeso.ntsg6,l2todet,ciwaii4)2egcnenitm..sarii7osgma1comr,a;rl2in)p,e,h,aana1l682oifnnn7tnof817w)dd.d;re;,.;; Being, 20 ff., 25, 26. CCCCCCCCCCCCCaaeiaaaehhhhhtgtkmytruaaairikaenttlnsnriak,eotbsaediavadsttn,o,8,agiiygraa,d3otxg,ao3tnn.iaxfiign1as5,i,tiAui,,,ag,ib25p,x,xs6ra6,(etxvini.x.Casei6vaii,i,i,.idintax..t28agalv77-sisiok.au.(anntgtVda.r4o,aC)ll.idtei)8os,1sn.a.6ti8o.n, 31, 42. 148

CCCCoooosnnnmecsdepceiatianoilstosursoniasoenPtndieao,sfnGssic,,eeceRsnaeKe-iegssaaihVsrmt,ui,nur2n4pi9aa7p,.r,au5d4s2a8.,.,5439,.54, 55; Great Vehicle, 55. HHHHHHHiieaiionsnnrptraodadnyprcraueyilannr,iatno,eu5,fscM,ssBex,,6suii,fs2.dios.s6duehI(eri.nsmNBk.iii.)nv,i.nad6rs3Caeon(yfnal,o..in8),3.6. 7 (n.2). DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDdehheeehhbebhiibiouu(gvg5ga5osaaealaaaamy1'akuauthcd89mmhErsmmmdttf7ikmu,abbiphs,.ine-ammypmmmhv-iPai(ea,stmjnv8Noie2alaaaaa,c,a,abii0i3n0,a,cpppktn(-shrnlo4.3s3Soa;d,aaale-kaeufe8.8)t1kvyfdddeno,u-,c,k,,a,si5taaagpfjaahTxVeM,,t,8aPa4,a/pue1evirh2-y)96ap1c2Psse15,.ua.a0,Kuaue9i,nA67uktkvtl,7ra,t8(htvi(,iaof5aCaantn1c1i'ftbif7,jnl)25.tc..g.xoj,,aa,;,a2a95b,,n,n4s3,..p,3d96a8aqx681h.3n1-;4ui2.,s;8)iin,7euli,4f4ato.st,tfe76y.t6ets.ara2.ro93m,b,mp,9yh,(76Sepi8e414cixx,i;6na2epp.hl8t;l-lyaa1caa)ai.ltsi,nehnkpsker8eeehde8dc)ue,t.,, III'IIIIsglnnll'linn,ddupoeiitsaavhsirto,isaaed,nxnniu,tvadcwaie,es,l,eaox,6esvto7ekh,A,feie,n1v8Ai6di25jd.vj0saei(ja.ofnjfaf.o.,,.if)62,.752.,02f6f.., 25. JJJJJaaaeottipyanaak,vaanas,M,enexa8ai4Phi(,.miatxiv.ovinria.a,stseereyN),ig83a.nfha Nataputta. EEEEEEEbfltxxgefhiptoom-iiep,crnreaatc5,inlste5sRitCn,osikci,no5geanf,7h,od(;ottu',fhuCsrrc4e'o,tete7hm,e2,ia40rea4l6;sss8at,pos',n4ies4xdS7ce9,te;ess.l3,esf8o,eeT.f'eaS),,nao19hlu8s.alo,kffkSA.bttlmaay.aan.. KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKauuaaaaeoohusoo-rrtsralsplavsrlusesaeaiamitaiaedimannwlymnrppaalaamtgaaiaaa,ahaun,y,aa,,rrkkbtiat,x(3,ak4data82Ka,iv2-a26a,,84,;,sa.a1,i,,,7u.x1.m6n4kt32.92v7t5.dmia..3..i5n,,.a2.pg6);,u68on.24fi.a,,snh23dm80.,enm3t,2o;3r2a-.lphajlua,sti3c2e;, FFFFFarrooeeiruteem-hdkW,ooi8semi;anl,ls,,oex25efv74taih..(lsnoo.u4Sg)a.hdt,db2a. (Sraddha). LLLLLLLLaaaiuiiubfvhnoddeeiksg,doola,uiwwobhvxa,eayyoiggi3tkkoe,di1,d,n-xrG,anaE(vnn-iyRi.ns.d.ouFiigmg)tN..rhoraCitfor,,,.vi3,4,2a6x7E7n,.i.dai6i,5i.t3h(5n, .8fif).(.n.4). GGGGGGaaaloo6anyntd3saadgc,m,hen(2nsxaaa7,.rvp2,(ax.p)G,3,v,2a2.6H,u75t5..a(1nvm,o.4a5n))2.,,,5x55v4,,(n150.63,.)2, 759(n(.n4.)2,)6. 2, MMaaghgaam, 1a6ti,, 4450 f(fn. .i). 149

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMaaaeaouuaaaaieeoiissoiouobnjtddnsndkhhylhnduejtnhnssuaadbatdiddaanadatlbiiitdngsyri,etlaldyplfsvm,ajaeahiomee(,ul,a(aek(ai7snB,atatMlMrWcMDltneyPirh5iam,-n9aiu7otaiaeanao-u,aisi,n,a5em5ndsi,c,ipsntn,tsMuks.ist,ya3,dc8hoaxsuxibssaet)i87l)6hr,,,i(t7iab6y,pe,,Ma(.iJti.a4a74na,uR7a,(lloN2',5sina;an,3nxxsa3nup1inf.is.agrr6iv8f5f1egrikmi.fieo-.rh,.if),i3nda.a;s.afi,.nto,rnstanu.3l,4,oauetinl8tt1th,)0n4etah2,eym,a4,7el3,a5)D5,,ra,55,ix5zn)5aNc8i81a4,,is3.ntd,,5ni(8cai96xind6,vd,i.t6.0vp5.aai943,t.n7lnpi.i9)(i6ne3d.u,nn.1ist5te.,e,tni9.(lfa)6l7n.f.e.25(.1.;cn,.it).u62.fof4a)n..;.l PPPPPPPPPPaiaaaraaurtaBrf/teitrkiii,ithciscvuniknoge,ce2iduitbpdahN8ardbb-astv,gshasoua,daa,tla,b7mmoni2F,5l4,a8ouie.i79,.,rvp4.,Ep4e15aa3,1i.2ngd8,s.hae.6A,et0fr2;Poa9lwha,dfah,t5nca42tat,5-ah,s5f4ia3tl6epa, r,.p54,e474n.1,s7. t6o, the NNNNNNNNNNaaieieiiiuvrgb4w4naarT43rpgltaoav3nanba216earrahrdna-nndgad;;riualabmnda,jntjnt(tnauhawaahtalanxperaion,a,,,,,viv.nahonts2a1s4e,,pNtpog3),6es.c3;xauxa,ue,oa,4o8svvlfrarts0m3atN7sanie.ege6ri.4pap(pomeire,f.nrlou,,af4iAv.i..zstrn2;0aa3t4ebie)aat;nn1s50da.ic,,2naesv;rceq-4.atiefu41hfeoun,..r25ai;aoaal3,;analttl7ssdsetfy3a;oiiaon4srneaNnT-eo.xs4r2,hnripge5r.uaAysvr,o3ptmueanbh7pls6nse;st,si5,oanioo-l.fen64u3onuso809trsstet;;;,,,, 81. PPPPaaaaImnkrnn/aiciasdbdatni,la-ae,sn4,'ts12,loa4,fxf.o4itri6h,(e,Fexig8ivrvn3iae..fpt,oPl1i1crye;c,oe8fp5tths()en, w.i)o8.u0n;deidn Questions, four kinds of, 64. RRRRRRRRRRRRaaaaaeeeehhoaam7ahtddbhllyyhnaatn8luhhuihssaiittdrd;tnlaalisiatayaDovDt,khiptet,,n,iwhrae(,a3tarWt,3iya8evl6vhs3ia9c4,bafhi,i3e,lhdae;.dneBan.4,les2tdsBUipa0urw,t,6n.oyu7dlM,seTt,l,d9adeaie3m.S;dnr8rh,n0v0sdh.Wi6.a,.sab.ap,7ttn5e'pae.3s,9ttt(,ru5,whnes63p(e.no7e0n(25oitnen9l),.sr,n.;(i.)y44)n,a7.3)t.xnfo.h29.rvdf)e;i,,.ecrnh65hed73uil.slsidg,(bnirao7.en2un9d)s;,. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaadmmmmttNknmmkmrr52tvviid,ipani7gakyuaia,ipkshyt(ahdrdaatdhtathdun2b6uatavthtaah,a/raath49hnt.ihiay(gat,axait,,r..Si,aadana),a,,,var2n,;-4x,am6a,9,7nna,623v1p,8d3.,i,8.i,78276,kd2u.7,448,,2,,6ab.r608,1.31ay2p84863.4a)(aa9,..0o2,nn3an,,s,6.nd.8fed3i1f6d,3)6.,o8n.n49f(.n8,..n22t70.(4h2..;7n;22;e-.)tt,,i,ee-)7srr6,6u7mm50t8,tf3af8(ee.,.n8xx4..pp38ll),aa;ii6nna9een.ddd,, 150

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSiitoeiiiiooppguluuudmgna6ElatNCau3vhedpbdfada,,4ll,9seiglaerdoloslaphe,;a3aic,4r,a3oo-nnhmataph.,es6,33,ssto-nut,a,U,3.S67etePch1dtnh,e,ot8R8ie43e8enaSaaoAaf,1l;.9r33,nii,tfuDt2g.Iocam89,.i(a87sdn.aShen43t,on,a8Egeefpi.(t2,fn5eidsaxa,ngtn.,,sx2fbdiv5.o4fsioNf,avith..o,57,o)n.eie5a.f..u.,Ai,4r3S5trt,3th8p6,hm29;e5,saa6,are5c5);-n6e,,oe7P.,8fx.sB5e.ev365rrNe.8,ca8;eoh,5a5ptm7olh9ts,fiai.oonI5-6nnvg91Sifn;h,ionena6susiero2tlsaeer,,,. TTTTTorrrrAntfweuiluwupeeottbirnlhhttoeoashc,s-ofnnt,iGlnkiec5WuFoegei,tnnot,maieh9dsust5d,e,iNsr.wvo23oeFNimo,9tb(iofhvn;4,l,bee.0s2rA,le5;eeA)e3b5g,,n9ga;sB8o1;gor0t6odrlmU.udeafttalghftoe.iraii,n,,m.et2tse53aa7us05it,ln.e(t,4,ni,n32.443g8;00),,.,,fo4341u9309r;;;; TTTTTTTTTTTTTTThahaiaahhieihhhp(fsebe3nntatearionoiarbhr6rtbehrcieariua.ralas,tgahd2aegmakat,gggav4)kiaa,nnRhnxat;aask0t,shdab(ttgitdbe.eta'aoia,,a,e,Tefaa,,x,,-fr2uxR,ysxghiT,m2igi.2a1x(vaiimia28eg8nr,,irin9.(si.esh..ibxhE,,2,ltx3tahv'ax)s3,p,x)r.ai.e,i1tl.4i,7aeiti9n,6oi,aTn2.c5n49ie1ta0dsid,(3oa,nr,,nnra5.a3I.i1f85)0ont4..(.,,fan,s.T.e354he)62.i,r;Psa6tr1)ta,h,br36le5e2e., UUUUUUUUUnndnpprtptiuedrdaaavksevyleerkaiareri,hk,slPlsdai4iat4ttr,a.y,y3a{n4V6.do(d,m1pfei.esCo8nkhs0egh,ay.,aldx)oRh,vnaii.g3Rm8hem,vti,ae7)4w5,9,.3.98.(n.4). VVVVVVVVVVViaaaaiiiiiobnprcecjicldihtaisjickcingiyastaihh,saicvaanoaaa8c,am,an,nbg4,,1dd3o.,,442,6t133x.t3.(9.1av3V.,,,ifi.pf467.a2,24s;,y5. as36en,3ed,6,a56l;4sVovaiidCnjaiideraitnanaann.,a5d),2.,3767(8.n..i). WWoisoddowma,r4d9,;Fs.eLe .a,ls5o7P(na.nin),d.63 (n.i). YYoagsao,d6h7a.ra, xv. Yogdvacara's Manual, 67 (n.2). Zen, 72. 151