EFWRS, 3 december 2019, Rome (Italy)

ON REGU1LAstTEIOUNROOFPWEAATENR SFEORVRIUCEMS (EFRWS) 3 December 2019, Rome

The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of WAREG. Published by WAREG in 2019.

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) 3 December 2019, Rome TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 AGENDA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Water governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. Cost assessment & efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3. Innovation & sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4. Sustainable water tariffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PLENARY SESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) INTRODUCTION Economic regulation of water and wastewater services encompasses a wide range of institutional frameworks and market conditions that differ from country to country in Europe and Worldwide. In the European Union (EU) there has been a significant evolution towards the ration- alization of the sector and the harmonization of practices and principles, by establishing a general framework for collective action in water policy, to protect water resources and promote sustainable and efficient use of water. Despite substantial differences, European countries are facing similar challenges to their water and wastewater systems, which re- quire new investment due to the deterioration of physical assets, security and quality of drinking water supply, universal access to water, affordability, environmental sustainability and many other factors. A need to reinforce technical and institutional dialogue among institutions and stake- holders is more and more necessary, in order to balance the needs and interests of both customers and industry, without harming the environment and future generations. Inno- vation and investment can improve accessibility and quality levels of water supply; however any solution offered should aim to cost-efficiency and minimize the potential economic impact on customers. In this context, the role of Regulators is becoming increasingly relevant, to foster co- operation among national, regional and local institutions and to develop transparent, sta- ble and harmonized frameworks, to the benefit of water operators and consumers. For instance, by increasing confidence and investment readiness of the industry, by reducing gaps in service quality standards throughout the territory. Or by creating incentives for util- ities to increase their efficiency and pass it on customer bills. WAREG, the Association of 32 national and regional water Regulatory Agencies (www.wareg.org) is actively engaged in exchanging best regulatory practices and disseminating know-how. Since its establish- ment in 2014, it focused its action on the establishment of a dialogue with EU institutions and stakeholders on common challenges for water systems. It is in this spirit that WAREG wishes to organize the 1st European Forum on the Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS). The Forum is held in Italy and kindly hosted by ARERA the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment, which holds the Presidency of WAREG. The Forum assess some of the most urgent issues for the sector in Europe and world- wide, such as water governance, efficiency of water utilities, water regulation for innovation and environmental sustainability, social affordability of tariffs. It engages some of the main actors in the sector, including: regulators, European institutions, international organizations, academics, industry, financial institutions, others. Participants will be asked to offer their qualified view on how regulation can contribute to a better water framework in the EU and elsewhere. Best practices and national and regional experiences will be presented. 4

Arera President 3 December 2019, ROME Arera Commisioner and Wareg President Stefano Besseghini Andrea Guerrini Stefano Besseghini is President of the Italian Reg- Andrea Guerrini is Commissioner of ARERA, the ulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Envi- Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks ronment (ARERA) and Permanent Vice-president and Environment, President of WAREG, the Asso- of MEDREG. He graduated in physics at the Uni- ciation of European Water Regulators and ARERA versity of Milan, and he is specialised in science delegate at NER, the OECD Network of Economic and technology of materials with honours, at the Regulators. same University. He performed his research at the National Research Council, and since 1996 has From 2016 until his nomination in ARERA in Au- been the Head of Lecco CNR Center, one of the gust 2018, he was President of ASA S.p.A. the Oper- most active Italian research center in the field of ator of the City of Livorno. Mr Guerrini is professor of physical metallurgy. Performance Management, Planning and Control in the Department of Business Economics at the Since 2007 he has contributed to the development University of Verona, where he has been research- of a scientific animation project promoting the de- ing and teaching water utilities and regulation. He velopment of the Innovation Pole of the Valtellina is the author of numerous publications, including (Politec) of which he was CEO from 2007 to 2011. monographs and articles for international reviews. He is the President of Politec Broadband, the In 2014 he wrote a book on “Water management start-up company created for the development in Italy: Governance, Performance and Sustainabil- of broadband in the Province of Sondrio, and he ity” and in 2018 a book on “Management of water is vice president of CTL – Technological Centre of services companies. An operational manual for Wood in Poschiavo (CH) – on whose council he sits management and control”. as a representative of Politec. He has been leading research projects financed by In 2010 he was appointed Managing Director of the European Union, and he was one of the found- RSE S.p.A. - Research on the Energy System and ers of the Water Management and Technology Re- since 2014 also has held the position of President search Centre. Prof. Guerrini has been drafting the of the company. In July 2017 he was re-appointed tariff methodology for drinking water services for President and Managing Director of RSE S.p.A till the Autonomous Province of Bolzano. his nomination in ARERA in August 2018. 5

Photo © C. Czermak on Unsplash 1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) 3 December 2019, Rome 6

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1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) AGENDA Roma Eventi - Centro Congressi Fontana di Trevi, Piazza della Pilotta 4, Rome 9.00 REGISTRATION AND WELCOME COFFEE 9.30 WELCOME ADDRESS Stefano Besseghini, President of the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment (ARERA) Mario Turco, Under Secretary to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy KEYNOTE SPEECH Veronica Manfredi, Director, Directorate-General for Environment – Quality of Life (ENV.C), European Commission Alessandro Ronzoni, CFA, Energy and Public Sector Division European Investment Bank Emmanuel Thanassoulis, Aston University Birmingham, UK FINDING THE RIGHT INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABILITY, SECURITY OF SUPPLY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE 10.45 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Andrea Guerrini, ARERA Commissioner and WAREG President 11.00 PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION 1WATER 2COST ASSESSMENT 3WATER REGULATION 4SUSTAINABLE GOVERNANCE MODELLING AND FOR INNOVATION WATER TARIFFS PROMOTING THE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF WATER SUSTAINABILITY UTILITIES moderators/rapporteurs and regulatory co-chairs Antonio Massarutto Emmanuel Thanassoulis Heather Smith Riccardo Scarpa (Udine University, Italy) (Aston University, UK) (Cranfield University, UK) (Verona University, Italy) David Saal (Loughborough University, UK) Dimitar Kochkov Laura Brien Szilvia Száloki Ana Albuquerque (HEA Regulator, Hungary) (ERSAR Regulator, Portugal) (EWRC Regulator, Bulgaria) (CRU Regulator, Ireland) discussants Maria Giovanna Stjepan Gabric Elena Gallo Ivaylo Kastchiev Montalbano (World Bank, Croatia) (ARERA, Italy) (EWRC, Bulgaria) (ARERA, Italy) The Danube Water Program Regulatory tools for promoting Tariff regulatory frameworks in Water Governance in Europe: a and World Bank experience environmental sustainability: WAREG Member countries survey on WAREG Members with benchmarking in utility ARERA’s experience efficiency improvement Martha Baxter Takuya Urakami Sarah Gillman Francesco Lo Passo (OECD, Paris, France) (Kindai University, Japan) (Scottish Water, UK, and (Brattle Group, Italy) The Governance of Water Understanding the EurEau) Sustainable tariffs, investments Regulators: Experience from the Relationship between Industry Sludge Management in EU, and the Concessions Directive OECD’s Network of Economic Fragmentation and Wastewater following a circular economy Regulators Efficiency, so as to Inform approach Japanese Government Policy on Wide Area Cooperation and Consolidation Sean Ennis Francesca Mazzarella Francesco Fatone Gareth Davies and Bruno Liebhaberg (Utilitatis, Italy) (Università Politecnica delle (Pöyry Management (CERRE, Brussels, Belgium) Marche, Italy) Consulting, UK) Water sector governance: Performance of the Italian Regional carbon and energy Delivering sustainable tariff introducing the CERRE Water Water Sector; Service Quality footprint and audit in municipal regimes: insights from the GB Regulatory Lab and Cost Efficiency wastewater treatment services: Energy Sector towards standardization? 8

AGENDA Simon Porcher Bertel Ifversen Peyo Stanchev Reinhard Perfler (University of Paris (DANVA, Denmark) (Brunel University London, (University of Natural Sorbonne, France) Benchmarking and Sunshine UK) Resources & Life Sciences, Direct versus delegated Regulation in Denmark Towards Carbon neutral Austria) management of water services and Cost-efficient Sewage The landscape of water tariffs in France Treatment in Austria: from calculation guidelines to practical Andrea Mancini Alan Horncastle Zsuzsanna Kovàcs application under different (WICS, Scotland, UK) (Oxera, UK) (Budapest Waterworks Ltd, organizational conditions. Retail market in the Water Views on the cost assessment HU) Sector undertaken in the 2019 price Implementing innovative Celine Nauges control in England and Wales natural and engineered (Toulouse School of Giulia Romano treatment systems in Budapest Economics, France) (Pisa University, Italy) Alan Sutherland Tariff Design for Economic Cooperativism and Water (WICS, Scotland, UK) Cédric Prevedello Efficiency, Equity, and Cost services Use of information and (Aquawal, Belgium) Recovery efficiency assessment: Circular economy in water and reflections from the Scottish wastewater: state of the art Rita Martins regulatory experience and perspectives in Wallonia (University of Coimbra, (Belgium) and the effect of Portugal) (lack) of regulation on it Water affordability: assessment and policies 12.45 LUNCH 14.30 PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION (CONTINUED): Milo Fiasconaro David Saal Hay Koppers Michele Tettamanzi (Aqua Publica Europea, (Loughborough University, UK) (AquaMinerals, Netherlands) (REF Ricerche, Italy) Brussels, Belgium) The Implication of (Not) AquaMinerals: a collective Sustainable Tariff: Information The interplay of the EU water Appropriately Controlling approach of the Dutch water as a Bridge Between directives and their governance for Cost Interactions, Water sector to stimulate circular Regulators, Water Industries implications: the perspective of Scarcity and Operating economics for their residuals and Users public operators Environment in Regulatory from water treatment Waste and Wastewater Cost processes Assessment Claudia Castell Exner Fabrizio Erbetta Montserrat Terms Rife Rob Sheldon (EurEau, Brussels, Belgium) (UNIUOPO, Italy) (CETAqua, Spain) (Accent, UK) The governance of European The right benchmarking for Dynamic water prices for Participatory water tariff water services: facing societal the right incentives: the issue promoting a sustainable and review: the market research challenges in an evolving policy of water losses in distribution efficient use perspective environment networks Gari Villa-Landa Sokolova Peter Dane Luca Lo Schiavo Leon Fields (AEAS, Spain) (European Benchmarking (ARERA, Italy) (Oxera, UK) Governance challenges of the Cooperation, Netherlands) Regulatory tools for promoting Using water tariffs as a part of Spanish water services The EBC programme: innovation: the European a package of water efficiency promoting continuous experience measures improvement of water services by learning from each other 15.30 COFFEE-BREAK 16.00 PLENARY SESSION ROUNDTABLE WITH RAPPORTEURS FROM PARALLEL PANELS 1, 2, 3 AND 4. moderator: Nadia Weekes, Editor in Chief, ENDS Europe, Haymarket Media Group 17.00 CLOSING ADDRESS WAREG SUPPORT TO REGULATORY CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE WESTERN BALKANS Marko Bislimoski, President of Energy and Water issues Regulatory Commission of the Republic of North Macedonia Ndriçim Shani, Chair of the National Regulatory Commission of Albania 17.15 CONCLUSIONS Andrea Guerrini, ARERA Commissioner and WAREG President 17.30 END OF THE FORUM 9

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Veronica Manfredi Alessandro Ronzoni Directorate General for Environment - Quality Loan officer, European Investment Bank of life ENV.C, European Commission Alessandro Ronzoni is loan officer at the Europe- an Investment Bank, Energy and Public Sector Her Directorate plays a pivotal role in leading Division, covering the Italian market. Europe towards a Zero-Pollution ambition and He currently has the oversight of the operations contributes to tackle the climate and biodiversity in the Water sector and he is in charge of the rela- crisis. It is indeed responsible for key EU policies tionship management with several Medium and for Clean and Well-Managed Water (including Large Sized Counterparts operating in the Ener- the protection all EU Freshwater and Marine en- gy and Public Utilities Sector. vironments, water reuse, prevention from Floods, Before joining the European Investment Bank, compliance with high health standards for Drink- he worked in the same role for several years in an ing Water), Clean Air, control on Industrial Emis- Italian primary bank. He holds a BSc and an MSc sions and prevention of Industrial Accidents. In- in Finance both at Bocconi University. ternationally, her team leads the EU negotiations within the UN Minamata Convention on Mercury Emmanuel Thanassoulis and the UN Convention on Long-Range Trans- boundary Air Pollution. Aston University, UK It also provides steady support to the work of Emmanuel Thanassoulis is Professor in Manage- the four Regional Sea Conventions (notably the ment Sciences at Aston Business School, Aston HELCOM – Baltic Sea, OSPAR – North Atlantic University, Birmingham UK and Oxera Associate. Sea, Barcelona – Mediterranean Sea, and the He has an extensive research track record, ap- Bucharest Conventions – Black Sea) and the In- plications and teaching experience in compar- ternational Commissions for the Protection of ative-efficiency assessment methods, especial- the Rhine and Danube rivers. A lawyer by back- ly those based on Data Envelopment Analysis ground, Veronica deepened her knowledge of (DEA). He authored Introduction to the Theory International and EU law in Rome, Turin, Kiel, and Application of Data Envelopment Analysis: Bruges and Brussels. Between 2002 and 2004 A foundation text with integrated software (2001, she worked in the Cabinet of the Internal Market Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston) and co-au- Commissioner Frits Bolkestein. She then joined thored the chapters ‘DEA—The Mathematical the Cabinet of Vice-President Siim Kallas, work- Programming Approach to Efficiency Analysis’, ing first in the Portfolio for Administration, Audit in The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Anti-Fraud issues (2004-2009) and then in and Productivity Growth (H. Fried, et al. (eds), the Portfolio for Transport (2010-2011). Until Janu- 2008 Oxford University Press). He has co-devel- ary 2018, she has been the Head of the Consumer oped widely used DEA Software and has acted and Marketing Law Unit in DG Justice, oversee- as a consultant on efficiency and productivity ing the correct implementation and moderni- analysis to a variety of organisations, including sation of key EU Consumer Law Directives, and Ofwat (regulator of UK water companies), Royal leading the work for the launch of the 2018 New Mail, Severn Trent Water, the UK Department for Deal for Consumers. Education and Skills and the UK Department for Communities and Local Government. 10

PARALLELS PANELS 1. WAKTEYRNGOOTVEESRPNEAANKCERE PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION 1. WATER GOVERNANCE MODERATORS AND pany. Dimitar has extra experience as a consult- REGULATORY CO-CHAIR ant on wastewater treatment for international water purification companies. Antonio Massarutto Dimitar participated as a key expert in interna- tional infrastructure projects funded by the EU. Udine University, Italy He is the designer of full design capacity in wa- Antonio Massarutto (1964) is professor of Applied ter and sanitation with participation in small and economics at the University of Udine and Re- medium-scale projects. search fellow of the GREEN – Center of Research Vice-president of WAREG since October 2017. on Geography, Natural Resources, Energy, En- vironment and Networks of Bocconi University, DISCUSSANTS Milano. His research activity has been dedicated on applied natural resource economics and eco- Francesca Mazzarella nomic policy for sustainable development, with a special focus on the interplay between environ- Director, Utilitatis, Italy mental policy and economic regulation of public Francesca Mazzarella is the Director of Utilitatis, utilities. a research foundation focused on the analysis of He authored many books and articles published the energy, environment and water sectors. on academic journals. He is associate editor of Before joining Utilitatis, she worked for 15 years in the international journal Waste Management economic consulting. and vice-director of Economia Pubblica – Italian She held positions as Senior Associate at The Journal of Public Economics. Brattle Group and Senior Consultant at NERA Economic Consulting, advising banks, equity Dimitar Kochkov funds, institutions and companies that operate in the regulated markets and the network indus- Commissioner, EWRC Regulator, Bulgaria tries. She has a wide experience in regulation, Dimitar Kochkov graduated University of Archi- valuations and due diligence process in the en- tecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy – Sofia in ergy, transport, telecommunications and postal 1991 with professional qualification Master Civil services sectors. Engineer in water supply and sanitation. Ms. Mazzarella holds a PhD in Economics from In 2004 he post-graduated Business Organiza- the University of Rome, an MSc in Economics tion and Management in Academy of Economics from the London School of Economics, and a “D. Tsenov” – Svishtov town. Dimitar is Member of Laurea in Finance and Economics from Bocconi EWRC Board (Bulgarian Energy and Water Reg- University. In 2015, she was a visiting scholar at ulatory Commission) since March 2015. Before his Stanford University’s SIEPR. nomination in EWRC, he was Member of Bulgari- an Parliament, 42nd National Assembly. “Performance of the Italian Water Sector; In his professional engineering career, he occu- Service Quality and Cost Efficiency“ pied different expert and leading positions in Bulgarian Water and Sanitation Operator Com- 11

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) Maria Giovanna framework of the OECD’s Network of Economic Montalbano Regulators, and she has worked with regulators from diverse countries and sectors. She is cur- Board advisor, ARERA Italy rently working on the OECD Water Governance Maria Giovanna Montalbano is a policy officer work- policy dialogue with Peru, focusing on the reg- ing for the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, ulatory framework for water, and is leading the Networks and the Environment. On 2006 she grad- performance assessment reviews of Portugal’s uated with honors at “LUISS Guido Carli” University energy services regulator and Ireland’s environ- in Rome with a Master Degree in Law - Institution- mental protection agency. al Law. Since the beginning she worked with the Martha joined the OECD in 2009, starting at the public administrations serving as a legal analyst Development Centre where she was the lead on (fellowship) for the “Office for the Quality of Reg- environment in the Multi-dimensional Country ulatory Acts” at the Italian Senate of the Republic, Review team. She has a BA in Geography from then she took several positions working as legal as- St Catherine’s College, Oxford University, and an sistant in the office of the Deputy Minister for Infra- MSc. in International Relations focusing on the structure and Transport, in Antitrust Authority and International Political Economy of the Environ- the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers. ment from the London School of Economics and In 2011 she joined the Italian Ministry of Economic Political Science. Development as an administrative officer, working mainly in the energy sector; on 2014, she has been “The Governance of Water Regulators: assigned to the Legislative Office of the same Min- Experience from the OECD’s Network istry. End of 2014, Ms. Montalbano has been sec- of Economic Regulators” onded to the Department for European Policies, fo- cusing on the infringement procedures against EU Sean Ennis legislation and then she worked for the Secretariat of the Interministerial Committee for European Af- CERRE, Brussels, Belgium fairs (CIAE). In 2018 she has been appointed as Dep- Director of the Centre for Competition Policy and uty Head of Cabinet for the Minister for the South Professor of Competition Policy at UEA’s Norwich and advisor for European Affairs and Simplification. Business School, Sean Ennis has extensive experi- Since 2019 she has been assistant to the Board of ence in government regulation and competition the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy, Net- law and policy. Previously, he was a Senior Econo- works and the Environment (ARERA). mist in the Competition Division of the OECD. For Maria Giovanna Montalbano is the author and two years, he was Executive Director of the Com- co-author of several publications on competition, petition Commission of Mauritius, where he was energy and administrative law. the chief executive in charge of running Mauritius’ independent competition authority. At the OECD “Water Governance in Europe: a survey on he developed and led the OECD’s Competition WAREG Members” Assessment work programme. Prior to that, he worked as an economist at the European Commis- Martha Baxter sion’s DG Competition and at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division, developing econom- OECD, Paris, France ic analyses for competition law investigations. Martha Baxter is a Policy Analyst within the Reg- Sean has published research studies and reports ulatory Policy Division of the OECD’s Public Gov- and provided capacity building related to a broad ernance Directorate. Her work focuses on the range of business activities (including digitalisa- performance and governance of regulators in the tion, communications, health care, financial and professional services). These studies or statements have been submitted to or published by econom- ics journals and organisations such as the G20, the 12

PARALLELS PANELS 1. WATER GOVERNANCE European Parliament, the OECD and the World tions from the London School of Economics and Bank. He has co-authored or overseen reports for Political Science. regulatory and government agencies in Austral- ia, Greece, Mexico, Romania, the United Kingdom “Water sector governance: introducing and the United States. the CERRE Water Regulatory Lab” He has been involved in competition law and reg- ulatory proceedings including with the European Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. “Water sector governance: introducing Simon Porcher the CERRE Water Regulatory Lab” Bruno Liebhaberg University of Paris Sorbonne, France Simon Porcher is Associate Professor of Manage- Director General, CERRE ment and scientific director of the Economics Bruno Liebhaberg is the General Director of the of Public-Private Partnership Chair at Sorbonne Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE), a Euro- Business School, IAE Paris, Université Paris I Pan- pean think tank founded in 2010 at his initiative. théon-Sorbonne. CERRE brings together close to fifty university Simon Porcher has specialized during his PhD in centres, regulatory authorities and operators and the study of privatization of water public servic- infrastructure managers active in the digital and es in France and has then extended his research network industries, such as the energy, water, inter- to other countries including the UK and Chile net, telecommunications, audiovisual media and and has on-going works on China, Germany, the mobility sectors. Implemented through high level, Netherlands and Portugal. independent research and dissemination activities, His research has been published in the Public the mission of CERRE (www.cerre.eu) is to contrib- Administration Review, the Journal of Public Ad- ute to robust, stable and professional regulation ministration Research and Theory, Energy Eco- systems and practices, up-to-date with the devel- nomics and the Journal of Cleaner Production, opment of technologies and markets, in those cru- among others. He is an associate editor of Man- cial sectors for the economy and for the citizens. agement, the French top management journal. Bruno Liebhaberg is also the chair of the EU Obser- Simon was a Fellow, Lecturer and then Visiting vatory on Online Platform Economy. Lecturer (2014-2018) at the London School of Bruno Liebhaberg was a Professor at the Solvay Economics, an invited professor at the Institute Brussels School of Economics and Management, of Water Policy of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), from 1979 to Public Policy of the National University of Singa- 2018. He started his career as a European Commis- pore (2018) and a Robert Schuman Fellow (2013) sion trade official, involved in GATT (now WTO) ne- at the European University Institute. He holds a gotiations, and became subsequently a member of PhD from the Sorbonne Business School and the private office of former European Commission graduated from the Paris School of Economics President Jacques Delors, whom he advised on and Sciences Po. policy aspects relating to industrial affairs and R&D policy. From 2012-2017, he was also Vice-President “Direct versus delegated management of and President of the Scientific Council of the Foun- water services in France” dation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) A frequent commentator in the media, Bruno Key aspects of the regulation of public water ser- Liebhaberg has an MA in Management Sciences vices in France. The use of contracts with private from the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and companies to manage water public services allows Management, ULB, and a PhD in Industrial Rela- for efficiency and quality benchmarking between direct and delegated management and raises questions about the determinants of the choice of the local government to manage or delegate, and to switch from a governance model to the other. 13

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) is the author of international papers and books on water and waste management and governance and performance of water and waste utilities. Andrea Mancini “Cooperativism and Water services” Head of Retail Competition, WICS, UK Community-owned water supplies (COWS) as a Andrea has wide-ranging experience within the management model of European water service field of economic regulation, having led a num- provision. An analysis of diffusion, common fea- ber of initiatives within WICS. He was instrumen- tures throughout Europe, strengths, weaknesses, tal in shaping the first customer engagement opportunities and threats of the COWS manage- model as part of the price-setting process in 2012 ment model. and played a leading role in establishing the wa- ter regulators network, WAREG, in 2014. Milo Fiasconaro Through his international work at WICS, Andrea has worked with several economic regulators and Executive Director, Aqua Publica Europea, government agencies across Europe and over- Brussels, Belgium seas, delivering training programmes to senior Milo Fiasconaro has been the Executive Director management and EU capacity-building projects of Aqua Publica Europea – the European Asso- to support the development of economic regu- ciation of Public Water Operators – since 2012. lation. Since 2016 Andrea has managed the retail Prior to that, he worked with public authorities market framework, ensuring that the market de- in the implementation of European innovation livers benefits for Scotland’s 180,000 non-house- and regional policies. He holds a Master of Arts hold customers by overseeing licensing, imple- by research in Human Geography from Durham menting policy changes and monitoring the University (UK) and a degree in Political Science retail market. Andrea holds an MSc in Economics from Florence University (Italy). In addition to Ital- from Warwick University and is completing an ian, his mother tongue, he fluently speaks Eng- Executive MBA at the London Business School. lish, French and Spanish. “Retail market in the Water Sector in Scotland” “The interplay of the EU water directives and their governance implications: the perspective of public operators” Giulia Romano Claudia Castell-Exner Pisa University, Italy President of EurEau Giulia Romano is Associate Professor in Business Claudia Castelli-Exner is the President of EurEau, Administration at the Department of Econom- European Federation of National Associations of ics and Management, University of Pisa (Pisa, It- Water Services, since May 2017, and the Head of aly), where she teaches Corporate Governance water management, water quality and water us- and Economy of Public Services. She has a PhD age and coordinator of European water policies in Business Economics and coordinated the at DVGW (German Technical and Scientific Asso- Jean Monnet Module on European Water Utility ciation) since March 2011. Management, University of Pisa (Italy) from 2014 She has also been a member of the Drinking Wa- to 2017. Her research activity focuses mainly on ter Committee of the Federal Ministry of Health, public service provision, performance evaluation and corporate governance, in particular with ref- erence to public utilities. She was member of a re- search team on governance and performance of European community-owned water supplies. She 14

PARALLELS PANELS 1. WATER GOVERNANCE Germany from 2011 until 2015, the chairman of Management, Planning & Management of Coop- EurEau Commission 1 on “Drinking water”. eration for Development and Water Law. She is Castelli-Exner holds a PhD in “Mineral nitrogen currently developing a PhD on the regulation of dynamics of soils used for winegrowing in the water services. water protection area ‘Stromberger Straße’ at the Since 2015 she is Head of International Affairs University of Mainz (Germany). at the Spanish Association of Water Supply and Sanitation (AEAS). As a representative of AEAS in “The governance of European water services: EurEau, she evaluates European directives and facing societal challenges in an evolving initiatives related to water. She is a member of policy environment” the Steering Committee of the OECD Water Gov- ernance Initiative, part of the ISO working group Gari Villa-Landa developing principles for corporate governance Sokolova of water utilities. She is also the representative of AEAS in the IWA and is also working on issues Head of International Affairs, AEAS, Spain related to regulation and governance of water Gari Villa-Landa Sokolova is a Molecular Biolo- services at the national level. Finally, she is rep- gist with three master courses on Environmental resenting AEAS in any other international initia- tives/activities. “Governance challenges of the Spanish Water Services” 15

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION 2. COST ASSESSMENT & EFFICIENCY MODERATORS AND REGULATORY CO-CHAIR Laura Brien Emmanuel Thanassoulis Director of Water and Compliance, CRU Regulator, Ireland Aston University, UK Mentioned above on page 10 Laura Brien was appointed Director of Water and Compliance in February 2019, where she leads David Saal the CRU’s work on economic regulation of Irish Water. Loughborough University, UK Prior to that she was Director of Energy Markets Professor David Saal is a Professor of Microeco- at the CRU since 2014, where she was responsi- nomics, Head of the Economics discipline group ble for delivering the Integrated Single Electricity and Co-Director of the newly established Centre Market for energy and capacity Laura has over for Productivity and Performance at Loughbor- 20 years’ experience in the utility sector, for both ough University. energy and water, having advised on energy pol- Professor Saal has extensive research expertise icy at both national and international level. She in the economic modelling of infrastructure in- previously held economic consulting roles across dustry costs and its application to infrastructure both public and private utility companies, provid- industry regulation and improving the efficiency ing advice to government departments, regula- and productivity of firms. He has also provided tors and private equity firms relating to the de- consulting advice on infrastructure cost mod- regulation and privatization of electricity industry elling, and the cost implications of proposed in several US states, Mexico, Ireland, Spain, Brazil, changes in industry structure to the World Bank, Thailand and Canada. the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribu- As a consultant, she also worked with several of nal of New South Wales Australia, and OFGEM. the private water companies in the UK, advising His research has led him to develop several inter- them on demand forecasts, resource require- disciplinary projects that focus on evaluating wa- ments and tariff design. ter industry reform proposals that aim to improve Prior to joining the CRU, she was senior econom- the economic and environmental sustainability ic advisor to ComReg from 2012 to 2014. of the water industry. She holds a Commerce degree from University Professor Saal is also a Research Professor at the College Dublin and an M.Phil in Economics from German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Oxford University. Berlin). DISCUSSANTS Stjepan Gabric World Bank, Croatia Mr Stjepan Gabric holds an MSc in wastewater engineering from IHE Delft (The Netherlands), and BSc in water engineering from Civil Engi- 16

PARALLELS PANELS 2. COST ASSESSMENT & EFFICIENCY neering Faculty in Zagreb (Croatia). For 25 years, Bertel Ifversen out of which 18 years in the World Bank, he has been involved in the design, implementation DANVA, Denmark and planning of wide range water and wastewa- Bertel Ifversen is a senior consultant at DAN- ter projects in Europe and Central Asia, and relat- VA (Danish Water and Wastewater Association), ed analytical studies covering mainly in Eastern working with price cap regulation, benchmark- and South-Eastern Europe. ing, asset management and various analyses of He is a core member of World Bank Danube Wa- the Danish water sector. He has worked for DAN- ter Program (DWP) team since 2014 and is cur- VA since the price cap regulation was beginning rently involved in preparation and implementa- to be implemented in Denmark in 2009 and is tion of World Bank water operations in Belarus, today leader for DANVAs team on economic reg- Russian Federation, Croatia and Western Balkan. ulation. He has worked with benchmarking in relation “The Danube Water Program and World to both price cap regulation and the voluntarily Bank experience with benchmarking in benchmarking program set up by DANVA. He utility efficiency improvement” holds a master in Environmental and natural re- source economics from the University of Copen- Takuya Urakami hagen. Kindai University, Japan “Benchmarking and Sunshine Regulation in Takuya Urakami is a professor at the Faculty of Denmark” Business Administration, Kindai University in Osa- ka, Japan. His major is public utility economics, Alan Horncastle and his interest is on productivity, efficiency and performance analysis, especially on water and Partner Oxera, UK sewerage industry in Japan. Alan has more than 25 years of experience in ap- He currently serves on several council commit- plying economics to aid decision-making, par- tees for the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare ticularly in regulated sectors such as water, ener- (MHLW) which is a water regulator, and the Minis- gy, transport and communications. try of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Alan specialises in efficiency measurement and (MLIT) which is a sewerage regulator. Moreover, assessments, regulatory reform and regulatory he also serves as an advisor to municipal water incentive design. He is co-author with S. Kumb- and sewerage businesses. He is now a research hakar and H.-J. representative of the GAIA Project (Gesuido Ac- Wang of A Practitioner’s Guide to Stochastic ademic Incubation to Advanced Project) which Frontier Analysis using Stata, published by Cam- was selected as a three-year project in 2018 and bridge University Press in 2015. The book provides is financially supported by Wastewater Manage- practitioners in academia and industry with a ment Department, Water and Disaster Manage- step-by-step guide on how to conduct efficien- ment Bureau, MLIT. cy analysis using the econometric approach, sto- chastic frontier analysis. “Understanding the Relationship between Industry Fragmentation and “Views on the cost assessment undertaken in Wastewater Efficiency, so as to Inform the 2019 price control in England and Wales” Japanese Government Policy on Wide Area Cooperation and Consolidation” 17

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) Alan Sutherland agement at the University of Piemonte Orientale where he teaches Managerial Economics and Fi- Chief Executive, WICS, UK nancial Management. He is also research fellow Alan advised the Scottish Government on the at the HERMES research center (Turin). His re- creation of Scottish Water in 2002. In 2008, he search field concerns operational management opened the world’s first retail water market. issues using statistical and operational research Alan’s approach is guided by the principle that a tools with application to the services sector. His well-managed company will “go much further for research has been published in peer-reviewed their customers than they will for the regulator”. international journals such as Transportation Re- He is constantly seeking to improve the regula- search E, International Journal of Management tory framework and strengthen the relationship Science (OMEGA), Journal of Productivity Analy- between the regulated company and its cus- sis, Journal of Regulatory Economics, Review of tomers. In his role, Alan has worked with Defra Network Economics, Regional Studies, Industri- in England, the EU in Greece and Romania, the al and Corporate Change, Growth and Change, IMF in Cyprus and the International Department Utilities Policy, Transport Policy, Water Resource of the Ministry of Water Resources in China. Alan Management, Journal of Travel Research. He is a member of the Bureau of the Network of Eco- participated in ESSENCE Project funded by EU nomic Regulators of the OECD. Alan has an MBA within the CIPS program (2012-2014, Local Unit: and MA from the University of Pennsylvania and University of Piemonte Orientale). an MA (Hons) from the University of St Andrews. “The right benchmarking for the right incentives: the issue of water losses in distribution networks” “Use of information and efficiency assessment: reflections from the Scottish regulatory experience” David Saal Peter Dane Loughborough University, UK Managing Director, European Benchmarking Mentioned above on page 16 Cooperation, Netherlands “The Implication of (Not) Appropriately Peter Dane (1954, NL) is a civil engineer by pro- Controlling for Cost Interactions, Water fession. He started his career at the water com- Scarcity and Operating Environment in pany of the City of Rotterdam where he has been Regulatory Waste and Wastewater Cost responsible for corporate strategy, legal affairs, Assessment”. investment planning, industrial water supply, technical due diligence of mergers. Peter has Fabrizio Erbetta been a member of the Dutch National Commit- tee. In 2005 he changed to Vewin (Association of University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy Dutch Water Companies). With Nordic partners, Fabrizio Erbetta is associate professor in Man- he developed an international benchmarking programme to improve performance of water- & wastewater services. Currently, Peter is the man- aging director of the EBC Foundation (European Benchmarking Co-operation). Peter is a management committee member of IWA’s Specialist Group on Benchmarking & Per- formance Assessment. “The EBC programme: promoting continuous improvement of water services by learning from each other” 18

PARALLELS PANELS 2. COST ASSESSMENT & EFFICIENCY PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION 3. INNOVATION & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY MODERATOR AND lators. She has been elected as one of the vice-pres- REGULATORY CO-CHAIR idents of WAREG in 2015 and re-elected in 2018. DISCUSSANTS Heather Smith Cranfield University, UK Elena Gallo Dr Heather Smith is a Lecturer in Water Governance at Cranfield University. She holds an MSc in Water Deputy director for water systems, Arera, Italy Science, Policy & Management from the University Industrial economist, she has been involved in of Oxford, and a PhD in Geography and Environ- public utility services (telecommunications, rail- ment from the University of Aberdeen. Her research ways, electricity, gas and, now, water services) for explores the governance, institutions and societal more than 25 years, starting as a consultant, then dimensions of the water and wastewater servic- working in operating companies and finally on the es sector. Her recent projects have examined the regulators’ side. In the period 2006-2009, she was emergence of new technologies and approaches in appointed as an external expert in two different the sector, such as water recycling and resource re- Governments commissions, ending this activity covery, and how these fit with existing governance when becoming an ARERA (the Italian Regulatory frameworks and the perceptions of end users. Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment) staff member. After the attribution of regulatory competencies on water services (end 2011), she has headed the “Tariffs Unit” and the “Quality of Water Supply and Metering” Unit, while now is the depu- ty director of the Water Systems Division. Szilvia Szalóki “Regulatory tools for promoting environmental sustainability: the ARERA’s Commissioner, HEA Regulator, Hungary experience” Szilvia Szalóki is a lawyer by profession and an expert in energy law. As a lawyer, she advised local gov- Sarah Gillman ernments in the water utility sector and prepared them to meet the requirements of the regulations. Scottish Water, UK She also participated in the review of water utility Sarah is a Chartered Scientist and Chartered En- supplier companies and in development projects. vironmentalist working for Scottish Water within Since 2013 she is the vice-president of the Hungar- the Research and Innovation Department. Cur- ian regulator. It was her responsibility to help to rently, Sarah is developing new ways for the water establish the professional supervision of the water industry in Scotland to adopt and implement new and wastewater sector in Hungary. Performing this important task, she built strategic cooperation with the representatives of water and wastewater sector, furthermore with other responsible agenci es and institutions. Most recently, she is focused on inter- national issues and the cooperation of water regu- 19

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) technologies for wastewater and sludge treatment. of Ecomondo with responsibility of the whole Wa- Sarah is part of the team working on the future of ter thematic area. sludge management for Scottish Water. Addition- ally, Sarah represents Water UK on EurEau. In July “Regional carbon and energy footprint and 2019 Sarah became Co-Chair of the EurEau Waste audit in municipal wastewater treatment Water Committee. With over 20 years’ experience services: towards standardization?” in the water sector, Sarah was leading work on sus- tainable urban drainage in Scotland in 1990s, devel- Peyo Stanchev oped new approaches to catchment management for the protection of drinking water sources and has Brunel University London, UK extensive experience of environmental regulation Dr Peyo Stanchev (MSc, PhD) is a Research Fellow at working both for the environmental regulator in Brunel University London. His research focuses on Scotland and with Scottish Government. the application of circular economy, water-food-en- ergy nexus and sustainability concepts in the con- “Sludge Management in EU, following a text of urban water systems. He is currently a WP circular economy approach” leader and Technical director in HYDROUSA H2020 project, which focuses on the implementation of Francesco Fatone nature-based solutions to close the water loops in decentralized water scarce Mediterranean areas. Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy Beside his research experience, Dr Stanchev has ex- Prof. Eng. Francesco Fatone, PhD: Full Professor of tensive industrial experience as engineer and con- Chemical-Environmental Engineering and Coor- sultant in projects for flood risk assessment, water dinator of the PhD Program in Civil, Environmen- and wastewater management. He also undertakes tal, Building Engineering and Architecture. In the various consulting activities with contracts award- last 7 years, Francesco Fatone raised more than ed from leading UK water industry partners. 4.5 million euros from EU-funded projects and more than 0.5 from private funding. Francesco “Towards Carbon neutral and Cost-efficient Fatone is or has been: (a) Coordinator of the Ho- Sewage Treatment” rizon2020 Innovation Action “SMART-Plant” and Work Package leader of n.5 Horizon2020 projects; Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács n.1 PRIMA/Horizon2020; n.2 Water JPI; n. 2 LIFE+; n. 1 ENI CBC MED. (b) Team member of more than Budapest Waterwoks Ltd., Hungary 15 International R&D&I projects (FP6; FP7; Hori- Zsuzsanna Nagy-Kovács has been working at Bu- zon2020; LIFE+). (c) Editor in Chief of the H2Open dapest Waterworks Ltd. since 2006. She is deputy Journal (IWA Publishing). (d) Associate or guest water security leader at the company and also man- editor of several scientific ISI journals, including ages a research project with a focus on the water Water Research, Process Biochemistry, Water security of the capital, Budapest. She holds an MSc Science and Technology. (e) Member of expert in Bioengineering with a specialisation in environ- committee about circular economy of the Italian mental protection. Since 2016 she works on her PhD Ministry of Environment. (f) Chair of internation- thesis in the subject of the effect of climate change al conferences such as: IWA ecoSTP2014, 3rd Eu- on riverbank filtration and related social aspects. ropean Nutrient Event (2018); 3rd IWA Resource Recovery Conference (2019); (g) Former co-chair of “Implementing innovative natural and the Specialist Group on Small Water and Waste- engineered treatment systems in Budapest” water Systems (SWWS) - International Water As- sociation (IWA); (h) authors of 89 SCOPUS-indexed paper cited more than 1800 times - Hindex = 23; (i) General Secretary of the IWA Resource Recovery from Water Cluster; (l) member of executive board 20

PARALLELS PANELS 3. INNOVATION & SUSTAINABILITY Cédric Prevedello Montserrat Termes Aquawal, Belgium CETAqua, Spain Master in geography at the university in Brussels. Montserrat Termes is an associated professor of Since 2003 Cedric is a scientific advisor at Aquaw- Economics and Finance Faculty of the Univer- al, the federation of public utilities in Wallonia sity of Barcelona where she is teaching and re- (southern Belgium). Working especially on water searching in different subjects, including water pricing and particularly on redistributivity and regulation. Since 2008, She is the scientific and elasticity. Cedric works with the economic reg- technical advisor in Economic, Environment and ulators in his country on the application of per- Society Area of CETaqua, Water Technology Cen- formance indicators. Role of lobby to the govern- tre of Aigües de Barcelona. Currently, she is the ment on the current and future challenges of the president of the Catalan committee experts on water cycle. Coordinator on the working group climate change. Dr Termes participates in dif- on tariffs in Aqua Publica Europea. ferent European projects focused on water eco- nomics, tariffs innovation, ecosystem services ap- “Circular economy in water and wastewater: proach and on circular economy. state of the art and perspectives in Wallonia (Belgium) and the effect of (lack)of regulation “Dynamic water prices for promoting a on it” sustainable and efficient use” Hay Koppers Luca Lo Schiavo Senior Advisor, AquaMinerals, Netherlands Deputy Director for Energy Infrastructure, As Senior Advisor, Water Supply and Residuals ARERA, Italy Management, Hay Koppers is fully conversant with the organisational aspects of public services. Luca Lo Schiavo is currently Deputy Director of Formerly CEO of a Shared Service Centre of the the Infrastructure Regulation Department at Dutch Water Supply Sector (Reststoffenunie B.V.), the Italian Regulatory Authority for Energy (ARE- Hay is currently involved in international business RA), where he works since 1997. He is an expert of development dealing with the upcycling of re- quality of service and innovation in the power sys- siduals from water treatment processes. He has tem. He is member of the ACER Infrastructures a long track record in the field of improving the TF and of CEER Distribution Systems WG. He is sustainability of water treatment processes and co-author of a book on service quality regulation is closely involved in European policy on wastes. (2007) and co-author of many regulatory papers, As Guest Lecturer at the UNESCO-IHE Institute including “Changing the regulation for regulat- for Water Education, he also transmits his knowl- ing the change”, winner of the ICER Award (2012), edge to foreign MSc students. and “Smart metering: an evolutionary perspec- tive”, recognized as Highly Acknowledged Paper “AquaMinerals: a collective approach of the at the ERRA Award (2017). Dutch water sector to stimulate circular economics for their residuals from water “Regulatory tools for promoting treatment processes” innovation:the European experience” 21

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) PARALLEL PANELS ON ECONOMIC REGULATION 4. SUSTAINABLE WATER TARIFFS MODERATOR AND ca Lisbon University and an MBA from Nova School REGULATORY CO-CHAIR of Business & Economics. Ana was Credit Analyst in the Departments of Large Companies of Banco de Riccardo Scarpa Fomento and of Banco BPI, Senior Consultant at Arthur D.Little, Sub Director of the Strategic Plan- University of Verona, Italy ning & Business Development Department at José Professor Ric Scarpa is an USA-trained applied de Mello Group and General Manager of the Strate- economist with a broad interdisciplinary research gic Planning & Business Development at EFACEC portfolio and impact, his research focus is on the Group. She was Lecturer in Statistics and Introduc- microeconometrics of survey data with applica- tion to Economics, at the Católica Lisbon Univer- tions in regulatory and local public economics, sity, and in Organization Theory and Total Quality especially in the fields of environment, rural sys- Management, at the Nova School of Business & tems, food, water, economic development and Economics (Lisbon). In the academic context, Ana nature conservation. After his PhD in the USA, Ric was also Program Manager of the Master’s in Fi- has held academic positions in Italy, Chile, the UK, nance from Nova School of Business & Economics. New Zealand and Australia. He has an extensive Previously to her current role, she was the Execu- consultancy experience for government agen- tive Director of Nova Finance Center, a Knowledge cies and regulated business at various levels. Ric Center for research, training and services of Nova served and is serving in the editorial board and School of Business and Economics, she collaborat- as associate editor in various academic journals in ed in the Nova’s new campus project, she was Pro- economics, management and policy, and has act- gram Manager of the Masters in Finance and has ed as peer reviewer for over 75. Ric’s co-authored also guided several students Masters’ thesis (from more than 150 peer-reviewed papers that have the CEMS MIM and Master in Finance Programs). been cited more than 4,000 times in ISI publica- tions. He supervised 26 PhD students, 5 of whom DISCUSSANTS are now professors and most of them are working for universities and UN international agencies. Ivaylo Kastchiev Ana Albuquerque Director of Water and Sanitation Services, EWRC, Bulgaria Board member, ERSAR Regulator, Portugal Ivaylo Kastchiev holds an MBA in the City Universi- Ana Barreto Albuquerque is Member of the Exec- ty of Seattle, USA and PhD in Economics and Man- utive Board of the Water and Waste Services Reg- agement in Sofia University, Bulgaria. He has more ulation Authority (ERSAR), responsible for the are- than 15 years of experience in Water and sanita- as of economic regulation and corporate services tion services, with ten years in utility and five years (administrative, human resources and financial), in the national regulator. Mr Kastchiev has worked Member of the Bureau of the OECD Network of ten years in Sofiyska Voda – the biggest water and Economic Regulators (NER) and Member of the sanitation utility in Bulgaria, working under a con- Bureau of the Protocol on Water and Health of UN- cession contract with Sofia Municipality, owned by ECE. She holds a degree in Economics from Católi- United Utilities – UK and later on Veolia – France. He was responsible for strategic investment plan- ning, life-cycle asset management, network oper- ations and maintenance, non-revenue water re- duction and many others. For the past five years, 22

PARALLELS PANELS 4. SUSTAINABLE WATER TARIFFS Mr Kastchiev works in the Energy and Water Reg- ing with 23 years of experience in policy analysis, ulatory Commission of Bulgaria as manager and regulation and market design. A past Chair of the Water and Sanitation services director. He is re- British Institute of Energy Economics, and key fi- sponsible for the preparation and execution of all nancial expert for the European Investment Bank, aspects of national regulation of quality and prices he has advised companies and regulatory author- of water and sanitation services. Tariff Regulatory ities on a range of price-control issues across the Frameworks in WAREG Members Countries. utility sectors both in the UK and internationally. Since joining Pöyry he has provided strategic anal- “Tariff regulatory frameworks in WAREG ysis of future regulatory tariffing arrangements for Member Countries” several national regulatory authorities and EU net- work asset owners and led regulatory due diligence Francesco Lo Passo on a series of utility network assets. He directed Pöyry’s support to Ofgem during the RIIO-T1 pro- Head of Rome Office, Brattle Group, Italy cess and is currently working alongside Ofgem in Mr Francesco Lo Passo, head of the Brattle Rome implementing the RIIO-2 framework and spent six- office, has more than twenty years of experience months in 2014 on secondment at Ofgem where advising clients on competition, regulatory design he acted as Interim Partner in the Markets division, and commercial litigation in energy, transportation, overseeing policy development and implementa- telecommunications, and other industries in Italy tion on a range of EU Network Code issues. Gareth and throughout the world. Formerly a Member of has a D Phil and an M Phil in Economics from the the Council of Experts for the Italian Treasury and University of Oxford and an MA (Cantab) in Eco- a Senior Advisor on energy to the Italian Ministry of nomics from the University of Cambridge. Foreign Affairs, he has broad experience in global privatization processes. Dr. Lo Passo had worked on “Delivering sustainable tariff regimes: behalf of leading companies, investment banks, in- insights from the GB Energy Sector” frastructure funds, and institutional bodies in ma- jor European countries, Turkey, South Africa, and Reinhard Perfler India. He has advised clients on four-party schemes interchange fees, state aid projects, tariff design, University on natural resources & life sciences, cost of capital estimation, damage quantification, austria network codes, revenue neutrality mechanisms, Reinhard Perfler, professor at the university of natu- unbundling of regulatory accounts, and incentive ral Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. His most mechanisms for renewable energy sources. He has important fields of study are resource conservation, also supported clients in defining their regulatory decentralized wastewater removal, drinking water strategy during market reforms. Mr Lo Passo has purification and drinking water supply and man- authored numerous articles for technical journals. agement in rural areas. Reinhard has been awarded in 2001 with the EU- “Sustainable tariffs, investments and the REKA Lillehammer Award, and became an adviso- Concessions Directive” ry board member of the International Association of Waterworks in the Danube Catchment Area (IAWD) in 2004. Since 2003 he is a member of the Austrian Association for Gas and Water – OVGW.. Gareth Davies “The landscape of water tariffs in Austria: from calculation guidelines to practical Director, Pöyry Management Consulting, UK application under different organizational Gareth is a Director in Pöyry Management Consult- conditions.” 23

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) Celine Nauges (e.g. Pricing and behavioural responses in the wa- ter sector). She has also collaborated in the defi- Toulouse School of Economics,France nition of water and waste services tariff schemes Céline Nauges is research director at the French for several Portuguese municipalities. Institute for Research in Agriculture (INRA) and member of the Toulouse School of Economics in “Water affordability: assessment and policies” France. She holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Toulouse. Michele Tettamanzi Among other topics, her research has focused on understanding and modelling the water con- REF Ricerche, Italy sumption behaviour of households, the use of Obtains his PhD at the Università Cattolica di Mi- irrigation water by farmers, and the cost struc- lano focusing on behavioral economics, both on ture and management (including tariff design) the experimental and on the modelling side. of water and wastewater services, both in devel- Since August 2018, he is employed at REF re- oped and developing countries. Céline Nauges search on the Price and Tariff department. He is has published a number of scientific articles in doing economic research and analysis especially international journals, and she has also served integrating behavioral model applied to Public as an expert on these questions for regulators in Local Services. He also teaches undergrad cours- various countries (e.g., Egypt, Brazil, and South es at Università Cattolica di Milano. Korea) and international institutions (the OECD, the Inter-American Development Bank and the “Sustainable Tariff: information as a bridge World Bank). between regulators, water industries and users” “Tariff Design for Economic Efficiency, Equity and Cost Recovery” Rita Martins Rob Sheldon University of Coimbra, Portugal Managing Director, Accent, UK Rita Martins holds a PhD in Economics, disserta- Rob is MD of the market research firm Accent. He tion title: Economic Regulation of the Water In- is an econometrician and market researcher. dustry - Promotion of competition and Sustain- He introduced the stated preference research ap- able Tariffs. She is an assistant professor at the proach to the European market in the 1970s since Faculty of Economics of University of Coimbra when he has spear-headed its use in a number of and coordinator of the research group Institu- regulated market areas - water, energy ,environ- tions and Policies for Sustainable Development ment, health, transport and finance. of Center for Business and Economics Research. He has been instrumental in developing research Her main research field is industrial economics, practices in the water sector for over 20 years. regulation and water policy. Recently, she is inter- This has encompassed qualitative and quanti- ested in universality, affordability of utilities and tative approaches designed to explore in more communication through invoices. detail the understanding consumers have of the She has published several articles in peer-re- market alongside their needs and wishes. The viewed scientific journals (e.g. Journal of Produc- outcome has been to develop ever more insight- tivity Analysis, Water Policy, Utilities Policy, Policy ful business plans. Studies) and participated in research projects “Participatory water tariff review: the market research perspective” 24

PARALLELS PANELS 4. SUSTAINABLE WATER TARIFFS Leon Fields volved in all aspects of the 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 and 2019 periodic reviews. Oxera, UK Across utility sectors, Leon has detailed knowl- Leon’s areas of expertise include market design, edge of incentive regulation, regulatory reform competition policy and the economic regulation and market reform. Leon has also undertaken a of utilities. He is a member of the Regulation and number of projects on consumer behaviour, firm Water teams at Oxera. Leon has in-depth knowl- behaviour and market design. In particular, he edge of the water sector, having been actively in- has an in-depth knowledge of behavioural and experimental economics. “Using water tariffs as a part of a package of water efficiency measures” 25

1st EUROPEAN FORUM on Regulation of Water Services (EFRWS) PLENARY SESSION ROUNDTABLE with rapporteurs from Parallel Panels 1, 2, 3, and 4 MODERATOR Nadia Weekes Editor in Chief, ENDS Europe, Haymarket Media Group Nadia Weekes is a senior editor with several years’ experience in high-profile B2B publishing in the energy and environment sectors. An editor in chief at Haymarket Media Group since August 2015, she is currently responsible for editorial content across the Windpower Monthly and ENDS brands. She has extensive experience as a journalist and editor in the utilities sector. Nadia holds an MA in Journalism Studies from the University of Westminster and a degree in Modern Languages from Rome University. She is an NUJ member in the UK and a member of Italy’s professional journalists’ association. CLOSING ADDRESS WAREG SUPPORT to regulatory capacity building in the Western Balkans MODERATOR Marko Bislimoski President of Energy Regulatory Commission of North Macedonia Mr. Bislimoski was appointed President of the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) on June 26, 2018. Mr. Bislimoski is long time employee (14 years) of the Energy Regulatory Commission, holding several positions with increasing responsibility. He started as an Advisor in the ERC Electricity sector in 2004, was subsequently pro- moted to Assistant Head of the Electricity sector in 2009, and in 2016 was promoted to Head of the ERC Electricity sector. Mr. Bislimoski has Master degree in Electronic technologies from the Faculty of Electro Technology and Information Technology at the “St. Cyril and Methodius” University in Skopje. He has Bachelor in Electronic technologies from the same University. He is fluent in English. Ndriçim Shani Chair of National Regulatory Commission of Albania Mr. Ndriçim Shani was appointed Chair of the National Regulatory Commission of the Water Regulatory Authority in Albania in May 2016. He is graduated in 1982 from the University of Tirana, Faculty of Civil Engineering Hydro technical branch. He holds a Master in “Hydrology, Water Quality Analysis and Treatment” at the Uni- versity of Montpellier II, France, since 1991. He has over 34 years experience in water supply, sanitation and environment fields, as lecturer at the university and as senior project engineer. Mr. Shani have an extensive experience in the private and public sector, in public policy making at the national level, as well as planning and management projects of water supply, sanitation and environ- ment funded by foreign donors and Albanian Government. 26

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