Body Systems Flipbook- Mariam Mansoor

Body Systems Flipbook By: Mariam Mansoor

Integumentary System Function: Protects from infection, microorganisms, and chemicals. It also maintains temperature and synthesizes vitamin D. Diseases and Conditions: Vocab: ❖ melanoma 1. Skin- the largest organ and outer covering of the body ➢ abnormal growth of pigment producing 2. Hair- keratinized filamentous growths arising from cells the skin of the body ❖ impetigo Key Terms: derm/o, dermat/o- skin 3. Nails- plate overlying the distal end of a finger or toe ➢ highly contagious skin infection kerat/o- cornea, horny tissue xer/o- dry 4. Keratin- principal constituent of epidermis, hair and characterized by sores on the face xanth/o- yellow erythr/o- red nails ❖ albinism pedicu/o- louse, lice onych/o- pertaining to nails 5. Dermis- layer of skin beneath epidermis, contains ➢ A lack in the production of the pigment myc/o- mushroom, fungus pil/o- hair nerves, blood vessels, and hair roots. melanin lip/o- fat rhytid/o- wrinkle 6. Epidermis- outermost layer of skin ❖ urticaria/hives albin/o- white 7. Sweat Glands- collection of cells in the dermis layer ➢ itchy wheal or welt that secretes sweat, a salty fluid, that is mostly water ➢ usually an allergic reaction 8. Subcutaneous Layer- the layer of skin beneath the Health Careers: ❖ Dermatopathologist 9. dermis, mostly used for fat storage. ➢ diagnoses diseases of the skin, hair, and Eczema- rashes and inflammation of the epidermis, marked by redness, itching, etc. nails ❖ Plastic surgeon 10. Acne- skin disease characterized by pimples. Occurs when pores become clogged with dead skin cells, ➢ perform operations that change the shape excess sebum and bacteria or appearance of part of a patient's body

Musculoskeletal System Function: The skeletal system is a framework, and protects vital organs. The muscles are in charge of movement. Vocab: Muscle- a collection of tissues consisting of Diseases and Conditions: Key Terms: 1. long cells that contract when stimulated and ❖ fat emboli my/o- muscle produce motion ➢ fatty marrow escapes from the bone myel/o- spinal cord, bone marrow 2. Bone- rigid form of connective tissue marrow into a vein oste/o- bone 3. composed of calcium salts ❖ osteoporosis cost/o- rib 4. Cartilage- tough, elastic, fibrous, connective ➢ metabolic disorder crani/o- cranium, skull tissue ➢ decrease in bone mass and density -pexy- surgical fixation 5. Calcium- most abundant mineral in the combined with loss of bone matrix and chondr/o- cartilage 6. body, forms calcium phosphate the hard mineralization arthr/o- joint 7. material in our bones ❖ complete fracture -plegia- paralysis 8. Yellow Bone Marrow- stores lipids in long ➢ bone is broken to form two or more kinesi/o- motion, movement 9. bones separate pieces 10. Bursa- small fluid filled sac, in places where ❖ sprain friction would otherwise occur ➢ tear in a ligament Red Bone Marrow- bone marrow in which blood cells develop Health Careers: Ligament- fibrous tissue connecting ❖ Orthopedic surgeon bones/cartilage ➢ A surgeon who specializes in the surgery on the Tendon- white fibrous tissue that connects bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles muscles to bones ❖ Chiropractor Vertebra- segments composing the spinal ➢ correct alignment problems, ease pain, and support column the body's natural ability to heal itself

Nervous System Function: Receives information and generates a response. Vocab: Diseases and Conditions: 1. Brain- primary receiver, organiser and distributor of ❖ Alzheimer’s disease 2. 3. information for the body; it is the centre of thought and ➢ Brain cells degenerate and die, 4. causing memory loss 5. emotion, coordinates and controls bodily activities and 6. Parkinson’s disease interprets sensory visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and other ❖ ➢ CNS disorder that causes 7. information. 8. Nerve- cordlike bundle of fibers made up of neurons, it sends 9. 10. electrical impulses to the CNS tremors and affects movement Central Nervous System- the portion of the nervous system ❖ Huntington’s disease that consists of the brain and spinal cord ❖ ➢ Inherited condition where nerve Key Terms: Peripheral Nervous System- nerves and ganglia outside the cells break down over time neur/o- nerve, nervous system brain and spinal cord. encephal/o- brain Sympathetic- arousal system, reduce digestive secretions, multiple sclerosis myel/o- spinal cord, bone marrow speed up the heart, and contract blood vessels. ➢ immune system eats away at ambul/o- walking Parasympathetic- scalming system, stimulate digestive nerve covering -esthesia- sensation mening/o- membrane secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate Health Careers: in the surgical psych/o- mind blood vessels. can be stimulated and ❖ Neurosurgeon concuss/o- shaken together, violently Neuron- cell of the nervous system that agitated send impulses ➢ specializes Myelin Sheath- insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds treatment of neural disorders the core of a nerve fiber or axon and facilitates the ❖ Psychiatrist transmission of nerve impulses ➢ diagnosis, prevention, study, and Axon- conducts impulses treatment of mental disorders Dendrite- receives impulses

Special Senses Function: Translating chemical, electromagnetic, and mechanical stimuli into action potential Vocab: Diseases and Conditions: 1. 2. Ear- organ of hearing, equilibrium and sensing sound ❖ Meniere's disease 3. Eye- organ of vision and light sensitivity that consists of the ❖ ➢ inner ear disorder that causes eyeball and the optic nerve vertigo 4. Hearing- sense by which sounds are perceived, or the 5. capacity to perceive sound; sound waves are converted into glaucoma 6. ➢ nerve that connects eye to brain is 7. nerve impulses for interpretation by the brain damaged 8. Vision- the ability to see, or sight ❖ nystagmus 9. Smell- sense that allows us to perceive odors, necessary for ➢ involuntary eye movement 10. taste ❖ anosmia Key Terms: Taste- sense that distinguishes the sweet, sour, salty, and ➢ partial or complete loss of smell irid/o- iris bitter qualities of dissolved substances in contact with the -cusis- hearing -opia- vision taste buds on the tongue ot/o- ear tympan/o- eardrum Eardrum- thin, semitransparent, oval-shaped membrane ophthalm/o- eye -metry- process of measuring that separates the middle ear from the external ear, aka Health Careers: tympanic membrane ❖ Opthamologist Iris- The pigmented, round, contractile membrane of the ➢ diagnoses and treats all eye diseases, eye, suspended between the cornea and lens and ❖ performs eye surgery and prescribes perforated by the pupil. It regulates the amount of light Otolaryngologist (ENT) entering the eye Vertigo- sensation of rotation or movement of one's self or ➢ diagnosis and treatment of patients with surroundings diseases and conditions of the ears, nose, Cornea- clear, transparent anterior covering of the eye throat, head, and neck

Cardiovascular System Function: Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and byproducts Vocab: Diseases and Conditions: 1. Heart- instrument to measure blood pressure ❖ leukemia 2. Blood- fluid that circulates through the heart, ➢ cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering arteries, capillaries, and veins and is the chief means ❖ anemia the body's ability to fight infection of transport within the body ➢ condition in which the blood doesn't have 3. Vein- a vessel through which blood passes from enough healthy red blood cells various organs or parts back to the heart ❖ congenital heart disease 4. Artery- a vessel through which the blood passes away ➢ abnormality in the heart that develops from the heart to various parts of the body before birth Key Terms: cardi/o- heart 5. Erythrocyte-a mature red blood cell ❖ myocardial infarction angi/o- vessel hem/o, hemat/o- blood 6. Leukocyte- blood cell that lacks hemoglobin and is ➢ blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle brady- -slow tachy- -fast therefore colorless thromb/o- blood clot -emia- blood condition 7. Aorta- largest artery in the body leuk/o- white erythr/o- red 8. Sphygmomanometer- instrument to measure blood arteri/o- artery pressure Health Careers: 9. Stethoscope- instrument used to hear and amplify ❖ Cardiologist ➢ diagnoses and treats conditions of the the sounds produced by the heart, lungs, and other internal organs heart and cardiovascular system 10. Pulse- beat of the heart as felt through the walls of a ❖ Clinical cardiac perfusionist ➢ responsible for operating extracorporeal peripheral artery circulation equipment

Respiratory System Function: helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work, cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood Vocab: Lung- supply the blood with oxygen inhaled from the Diseases and Conditions: Key Terms: 1. outside air and dispose of waste carbon dioxide in the ❖ asthma bronch/o- bronchus, bronchi exhaled air ➢ airways become inflamed, narrow cyan/o- blue 2. Oxygen- inhaled gas that is essential to human life laryng/o- larynx 3. Carbon Dioxide- gas that is exhaled as a waste and swell, and produce extra mucus, -oxia- oxygen 4. product oxy- -sharp, oxygen 5. Pharynx- the throat which makes it difficult to breathe pleur/o- pleura, rib 6. Larynx-the voice box, contains the vocal cords ❖ bronchitis pneum/o- lung, air 7. Trachea- air passage extending from the throat and pulmon/o- lung 8. larynx to the main bronchi ➢ inflammation of the lining of thorac/o- chest, thorax 9. Bronchi- the large-bore air passages that lead from trache/o- trachea, windpipe the trachea to the lungs bronchial tubes 10. Breathing- inhalation and exhalation of air or gaseous ❖ pleural effusion mixtures Alveoli- small air sacs or cavities in the lung that give ➢ buildup of fluid between the tissues the tissue a honeycomb appearance and expand its surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon that line the lungs and the chest dioxide. ❖ pneumonia Bronchioles- smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes ➢ infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid Health Careers: ❖ Respiratory therapist ➢ work therapeutically with people suffering from acute critical conditions, cardiac and pulmonary disease ❖ Pulmonologist ➢ diagnose and treat conditions that affect the respiratory system

Digestive System Function: convert food into energy and basic nutrients, as well as dispose of the waste of that process. Vocab: Diseases and Conditions: 1. 2. Stomach- sac like principal organ in digestion ❖ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 3. 4. Gallbladder- pear-shaped organ located below the liver, ➢ stomach acid or bile irritates the food 5. storage place for bile pipe lining 6. Small intestine- function is the continued digestion of ❖ celiac disease chyme and the absorption of nutrients 7. ➢ immune reaction to eating gluten 8. Large intestine- functions to absorb fluids and electrolytes 9. ❖ Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and provide temporary storage 10. Bile- a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. It ➢ inflammation of all or part of the Key Terms: cholecyst/o- gallbladder, bile duct is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder, and is poured digestive tract enter/o- intestine (small) col/o, colon/o- large intestine into the small intestine via the bile ducts when needed for ❖ Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) hepat/o- liver gastr/o- stomach digestion ➢ sore that develops on the lining of the or/o- mouth Rectum- solid waste products of digestion, are formed in esophagus, stomach, or small intestine proct/o- anus, rectum the large intestine and are gradually pushed down into the chol/e- gall, bile -pepsia- digestion rectum by the muscular action of the intestine Anus- opening of the rectum on the body surface Health Careers: Liver- the large, dark-red gland located in the upper right ❖ Gastroenterologist portion of the abdomen, just beneath the diaphragm ➢ physician with dedicated training Pancreas- a large, elongated, racemose gland located transversely behind the stomach, between the spleen and management of diseases of the duodenum gastrointestinal tract and liver Peristalsis- The wavelike muscular contractions of the ❖ Proctologist digestive tract or other tubular structures by which ➢ diagnosing and treating disorders of the contents are forced onward toward the opening colon, rectum and anus

Urinary System Function: gets rid of the body’s toxins and wastes Vocab: Diseases and Conditions: 1. Kidney- bean shaped organ that filters blood, ❖ Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) excreting the end-products of body metabolism in the ➢ infection in any part of the form of urine urinary system, the kidneys, 2. Urine- fluid containing water and waste products bladder, or urethra 3. Bladder- membranous sac that serves as a reservoir ❖ nephrolith for urine ➢ small, hard deposit that forms 4. Urethra- tubular passage through which urine is in the kidneys and is often discharged from the bladder to the exterior of the painful when passed body ❖ urethritis 5. Catheter- tube passed into the body for evacuating ➢ scar that narrows the urethra or injecting fluids. ❖ enuresis 6. Hilum- area through which ducts, nerves, or blood ➢ involuntary discharge of urine Key Terms: cyst/o- bladder, sac, cyst vessels enter and leave during sleep at night nephr/o- kidney ren/o- kidney 7. Calyx- flower-shaped or funnel-shaped structure; Health Careers: pyel/o- (renal) pelvis specifically one of the branches or recesses of the ❖ Urologist -cele- hernia, swelling, tumor pelvis of the kidney ➢ physicians who specialize in the kidneys, -lysis- breakdown, dissolve urinary bladder, adrenal glands, urethra -uria- condition of the urine 8. Renal failure- acute or chronic malfunction of the and male reproductive organs -pexy- surgical fixation kidneys ❖ Nephrologist -ectasis- dilation ➢ specializes in kidney care and treating 9. Hemodialysis-dialysis of soluble substances and diseases of the kidneys water from the blood 10. Cystitis- inflammation of the bladder

Reproductive System Function: to produce offspring Diseases and Conditions: Key Terms: ❖ varicocele cervic/o- neck, cervix Vocab: ➢ dilated and twisted salping/o- tube (fallopian) 1. Vagina- canal that extends from the labia and veins of the testis ov/o- egg opening of the vagina to the uterine cervix ❖ endometriosis orchid/o- testes, testicles 2. Ovary- female gonad; either of the sex glands ➢ colonization of the oophor/o- ovary in the female in which the ova are formed abdominopelvic cavity men/o- menses, menstruation 3. Testes- two reproductive glands located in with islands of mamm/o- breasts the scrotum that produce the male endometrial tissue gynec/o- woman reproductive cells ❖ prolapsed uterus colp/o- vagina 4. Cervix- neck of uterus, extending from the ➢ uterus is almost directly prostat/o- prostate gland isthmus of the uterus into the vagina above the vagina 5. Fallopian Tubes- narrow ducts leading from a ❖ Polycystic Ovary Syndrome woman's ovaries to the uterus (PCOS) 6. Uterus- hollow muscular organ located in the ➢ enlarged ovaries with pelvic cavity of female mammals in which the small cysts fertilized egg implants and develops 7. Prostate- gland of male animals that produces Health Careers: substances which are added to the semen ❖ Obstetrician 8. STDs- sexually transmitted diseases ➢ caring for women, before, during, and 9. Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear- diagnostic lab test after pregnancy for detecting the absence or presence of ❖ Andrologist infection, viruses, trauma, or cancer. ➢ specializes in the health of the male reproductive system 10. Penis- male reproductive organ