TRAVERSE DETAILS Day 1 Stop 1: Naredi (Kakdi River): Type section of Early Eocene Naredi Formation, Complete unconformity bounded Early Eocene sequence with key sequence stratigraphic surfaces, facies and internal cyclicity, fauna and depositional environments.Paleogeographic reconstruction with respect to homotaxial hydrocarbon bearing sands in offshore,Early Eocene shoreline. Reworked laterite Stop 2: Harudi Cliff: Type section of Middle Eocene Harudi Formation with its basal sequence boundary, transgressive lag, Flooding surface, Conformable facies contact between shale and limestone, Relationship of litho- and chronostratigraphy, the biostratigraphic marker Nummulites obtusus bed and its significance. Depositional environment.Litho-biofacies and depositional environment Stop 3: Rakdi River cliff: The river cut canyon through the near horizontal Middle Eocene Fulra Limestone, Caves in the massive foraminiferal limestone.These Middle Eocene cavernous limestones in Mumbai offshore basin are excellent oil and gas reservoirs. Richly fossiliferous, highly bioturbated limestone with Nummulites and Discocyclina. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, depositional setup, Carbonate hardgrounds and their origin. Substrate controlled ichnofacies 50
Stop 4: Kharay River section: The Middle Eocene / Early Oligocene unconformity (carbonate - carbonate) , hiatus approximately > 3 million years, sequence boundary identified by the faunal turnover from Middle Eocene benthic foraminifera –mainly radiate Nummulites to Early Oligocene reticulate Nummulites and cut and fill structures filled with glauconitic silts and cideris spines, locally erosional para conformity. Stop 5: Rampar River section: Early Miocene carbonate sequence with diverse biofacies especially invertebrate fossils including gastropods, bivalves etc. excellent section to understand deposition processes of carbonates in shallow shelf platform. Middle Miocene carbonates of Chhasra Formation, Carbonate facies, fauna and sequence stratigraphy. 51
Day 2 Stop 1: Airport Bypass Road section, Bhuj: First order sequence boundary between Rift and post –rift Passive margin sequence, Breakup unconformity, rift sediments, sedimentary structures, depositional environment, Passive margin sequence its facies and depositional setup Stop 2: Matanomadh Cliff: Classic paleo lagoon, condensed section of Cenozoic from Eocene to Miocene consisting of two distinct environments: the lower Eocene – Oligocene (reducing with green and sulphur stained black shale with restricted water circulation) and Miocene section (with ferruginous red clays, oxidizing environment, open circulation). The two are separated by transgressive wave ravinement surface (transgressive lag) Stop 3: Matanomadh Road cut section: Paleocene Matanomadh Formation, type section, fluvial floodplain dominated succession of verigated red clay with plant fosslis, with thin (yellow) cravasses splay and isolaterd channel fills. Cross stratification indicating channel activity. Paleocene sequence at Matanomadh, fluvial processes and products, concepts of upstream sequence stratigraphy beyond the controls of shoreline shifts. Stop 4: Matanomadh Road cut section: Current bedded sandstone of Early Cretaceous Bhuj Formation, 52
medium to coarse grained, moderately sorted representing upper delta plain setting Stop 5: Middle Eocene at Lakhpat: Litho-bio facies and depositional environment Stop 6: Recent tidal flats at Narayan Sarovar: Modern depositional environment, processes and products. 53
Day 3 Stop 1: Igneous intrusives: Intrusives in the Early Cretaceous Bhuj Sandstone, Syn tectonic igneous activity at different stages of deformation related to the passage of Reunion plume during Late Cretaceous Deccan volcanic event and related under plating in the upper crust. Stop 2: Kankawati River section, Vinjhan Village: Khari Nadi Formation (Burdigalian). A key section for the study of Miocene carbonate sequences, sequence stratigraphic surfaces, stratigraphic contacts,major and minor flooding surfaces, hardgrounds, bioturbation, sediment starvation in carbonate precipitation, carbonate lags, paleosols and their significance ,climate during deposition of carbonates. This section is time equivalent to the Early Miocene carbonates of Mumbai High-the giant oilfield of India. Additionally, the section is important for its stratigraphic marker – Turritella bed. Unfortunately, the Aquitanian section has been lost due to building of a water reservoir. Stop 3: Mandvi Beach: Foreshore processes and products Stops 4, 5, 6: Mandvi – Bhuj road section: Early Cretaceous Bhuj Formation, Delta progradation, sedimentary structures and interpretation of depositional processes. 54
Day 4 Stop 1: Middle Jurassic (Jumara) half dome near Bhuj: Middle Jurassic Rift sequence in a half dome, Jumara Formation , Transgressive set up , Dome geometry, Katrol fault and its geological features Stop 2: Late Jurassic(Jhuran) sequence at Rudramata : Late Jurassic Rift sequence, progradation, facies, sedimentary structures and depositional environment at the type section of Jhuran Formation at Rukmawati river section Stop 3: Kutch Mainland fault, on way to Pachcham Island: Understand the tectonic frame work and structural style, Kachchh Mainland Uplift (KMU), Banni Half Graben (BHG), Banni Rann, View of Jhurio Dome Stop 4: Middle Jurassic Rift sequence at Babia Hill, Pachcham Island: Oldest Rift sequence of Kaladongar Formation, Middle Jurassic at its type section of Babia Hill (Highest hill in Kachchh), sedimentary succession, facies, depositional set up Stop 5: Rann of Kachchh: Rann of Kachchh is unique in world geology, desiccated sea. End the field trip at sunset in the Rann. 55
56 Fig. 1: Location map
57 Fig. 2: Location Map of Kachchh
58 Fig. 3: Geological Map of Kachchh
Fig. 4: Geological map of southwestern Kachchh 59
60 Fig, 5: Tectonic Map of Kachchh Basin. Abbreviations: NPF = Nagar Parkar Fault; IBF = Island Belt fault; PU = Pachchham Uplift; KU = Khadir uplift; BU= Bela uplift; CU = Chorar uplift; Banni HG = Banni half graben; KMF = Kachchh mainland fault; KHF = Katrol Hill fault; VGKH = Vagadkot fault; GOK HG = Gulf of Kachchh Half Graben; NKF = North Katiawar Fault.
61 Fig.6: Geological section across Kachchh rift
Fig.7: Stratigraphy of Mesozoic-Cenozoic of Kachchh 62
Fig.8: Stratigraphic classification of Tertiary sediments of Kachchh 63
64 Fig. 9: Generalised Stratigraphy, Foraminifera and major events in Kachchh Basin
65 Fig.10: Sequence Stratigraphic summary of Kachchh Basin
66 Fig. 11: Tertiary sequences on Naredi-Chhasra traverse
67 Fig.12: Stratotype of Naredi, Harudi,Fulra and Maniyara Fort formations, Kachchh
Fig.13: Stratotype of Khari Nadi and Chhasara formations, Kachchh 68
List of earthquakes that have visited Kachchh 69
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ❖ Mr. Jitendra Tikku, CGM (GP), Head-BMG, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Mohanasundaram B, GM (Geol.), BM Office, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Sharad Kumar Mishra, DGM (GP), Mesozoic Group, WON Basin ❖ Mr. P K Dash, CG (Geol.), SST Cambay ❖ Mr. Rahul Rajagopala, CG (Geol.), IRS Ahmedabad ❖ Mr. Ajay Kumar Singh, Supdg. Geologist, FB Ahmedabad ❖ Mr. M Satheesh Kumar, Supdg. Geologist, Block-I ❖ Mr. Shadab Raza, Supdg. Geologist, KDMIPE ❖ Mr. Dheeraj Kumar, Sr. Geologist, SST Ahmedabad ❖ Mr. Haobijam Romen Meitei, Sr. Geophy., Block-III, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Prashant Singh, Sr. Geologist, Block-II, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Sajan Kumar, Sr. Geologist, Mesozoic Group, WON Basin ❖ Ms. Surbhi Gunawat, Geologist, RGL Vadodara ❖ Ms. Subhashree Ojha, Geologist, RGL Vadodara ❖ Ms. Sulagna Pal, Geologist, RGL Vadodara ❖ Mr. Digbijaya Choudhury, Geologist, BMG, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Dilip Kumar Samal, Geologist, Block-II, WON Basin ❖ Ms. Disha Saha, Geophy., Block-III, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Kamlesh Kaji, Geologist, Block-I, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Mohammad Imran Khan, Geologist, BMG, WON Basin ❖ Mr. Devanand Purty, Geologist, FB Ankleshwar ❖ Mr. Farhan Raza Khan, Geologist, FB Cambay ❖ Mr. Subhashish Behera, Geologist, FB Mehsana ❖ Mr. Niraj Rai, Geologist, SST Ankleshwar 70
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