MasterPlan_final_TP_v10

MASTER PLAN ADDISON T WP. FIRE DEPARTMENT 2019 [email protected] 4026 FOREST, LEONARD MI 48367 T 248-628-5600 F 248-628-5770



MISSION STATEMENT “To be the best” To serve and protect the public from loss of life and property from fire and other disasters as effectively as possible by providing the best EMS, fire suppression, public education, and fire prevention possible! We achieve this mission by promoting a positive attitude, professionalism, diligent training, teamwork, dedication to our department and the fire service, innovation, and performance, while maintaining cost effective management of public funds. To be the best we rely on our most important and valuable resource, our personnel! Training today for tomorrow’s challenge!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 5 2. History 7 3. Assessment 11 4. Human Resources 15 5. Training 23 6. Emergency Medical Services 27 7. Fire Prevention 31 8. Fire Operations 35 9. The ISO Rating 43 10. Finance 49 11. Emergency Preparedness 53 12. Final Statement 71 13. Appendix - Annual Budget, ISO Review 73



INTRODUCTION The Addison Township Fire Department (ATFD) Master Plan is a document compiled to present our history, who we are, what we do, our abilities, needs and concerns. It outlines our current operational tasks as well as our requirements for development, training and growth that we envision as necessary to meet future challenges in our support of our community's safety. Since its inception in 1949, the number of personnel in the Addison Township Fire Department has roughly doubled in size, from 12 to 27 members. During that time, however, the Fire Service and Emergency Medical Service support requirements within the community, as well as the complexity of required tasks, have grown exponentially. On an average of twice per day, an ATFD ambulance with a paramedic on board responds to a medical 911 call in the community, supported by a team of ATFD EMT's. The ATFD Fire Service has been evaluated by the Insurance Service Office (ISO) and has been awarded the highest ratings of any comparable community in the state of Michigan. ATFD firefighters routinely train for fire, medical, hazardous material, personal injury accident and other incidents, so that they are ready for whatever 911 call may be received, 24/7/365. Our personnel structure consists of a core group of several full time Firefighter/EMS professionals supported by a fully trained staff of volunteer Paid- on-Call Firefighter/EMT's. This structure is an essential element in our ability to provide such a high level of service to the community. The inclusion of career Fire Service and EMS professionals in the department, including the positions of Fire Chief, Assistant Chief and EMS Coordinator, provides a highly trained, low- turnover, nucleus capable of addressing both the strategic and operational needs at ATFD. The objectives and standards for performance Addison Township Fire Department sets for itself are high. We view the accomplishments of our past as the foundation for our future with continuous improvement in our methods and performance as an ongoing process. The creation of this Master Plan document is part of that process. Addison Township Fire Department is very fortunate to have always received a high level of support from our community. To all members of the community who read this Master Plan, we sincerely thank you for your support. Without you behind us, even our best efforts would not have taken us this far. If you have any questions or comments regarding any part of this plan, we would like to hear them. Please contact our office at (248) 628-5600 and share your thoughts with us. 5



History 7

HISTORY The Start of the Addison Township Fire Department In 1949, the village of Leonard designated an available 26'x32' brick building located near the center of town on East Elmwood St. as the first Addison Township fire hall. Recognizing that the building was too small, the Village began work immediately on the construction of a 26'x36' extension. While the Village provided funds for materials and General Contractor's salary, actual work to build the extension was provided by volunteers from the community. Although ATFD has since relocated operations to two other fire stations built in the Township, the original fire hall stands to this day and is used throughout the year for different community events. On November 27, 1949, the Township organized its fire department with Robert McCallum as the first Fire Chief. Original members of the department were: Elmer Powell, Ed Porter, Charles Hamilton, John Sutherby, Bob Trask, Charles Sutherby, Skimmer Strong, Mike Schlusler, Lee Terry, G. Pincombe and B. Schlusler. In addition to doing an efficient job as firefighters, this group of men did much good throughout the Township in caring for those in need. At Halloween and Christmas, they gave parties for the children and were active in all civic affairs. Through the annual Strawberry Social (started in 1949), Penny Suppers and other activities, they raised money for Fire Department equipment. Chronology of Fire Chiefs and Significant Milestones Under Their Watch Robert McCallum 1949-1955 First Fire Chief, started the ATFD, purchased GMC Model FC-454 truck with special firefighting body and equipment. Elmer Powell 1956-1958 Started the Cadet program. Purchased the first ambulance, which led to the ATFD providing EMS transportation service. Edward Porter 1958-1965 John Hawk 1966-1967 Edward Porter 1967-1970

Chronology of Fire Chiefs and Significant Milestones Under Their Watch continued... Ramon Bundy 1970-1971 Purchased the first Grass Rig John Sutherby 1971-1972 Charles Hamilton 1972-1979 Purchased 1973 GMC Pumper and 1974 GMC Pumper. Jim Ostrander 1979-1983 Purchased new ambulance. William Wagner 1983-1987 In 1987, the current Station 2 was built at 1442 Rochester Rd., at the south end of Lakeville Lake. This station provided supplemental coverage for some of the more densely populated areas in the south end of the Township, as well as Addison Oaks Park. Purchased new ambulance. D. L. Sellers 1987-1990 Implemented Fire I and Fire II training program, purchased 1987 Tanker and initiated use of computers in the ATFD. Robert Schulz 1990-1994 Purchased 1991 Darley Engine and 1993 Squad Vehicle. David Powell 1994-1995 Kenneth Coon 1995-1998 Purchased 1998 Pierce Engine, purchased Water Rescue Boat and implemented Dive Team. George Spencer 1998-2009 In 2004, the current ATFD Station 1 was built at 4026 Forest St., Leonard. Started Advanced Life Support services. Began full time Firefighter/EMT-P coverage on-site, 24/7/365. ATFD Fire Chief became the first full-time position in the department. Jerry Morawski 2009- ATFD researched, applied for and received over $425,000 in Federal Grant funding for new Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) units, firefighter gear, a new Command Vehicle, ambulance and Tech Rescue trailer through 2018. Chief Morawski also initiated the establishment of the Fire Corps, an all volunteer comprised adjunct to the Fire Department staffed by members of the community. ATFD also initiated a program for integrating and mentoring probationary employees and is recognized for being a leader in field training.

Change in Funding of the ATFD During its first few decades of existence, the ATFD was financed through annual allocations from the Township General Fund. This method made long-term planning and budgeting for ATFD facilities and Capital equipment very difficult. In the 1980's, a ballot proposal to fund the ATFD with a millage separate from the Township General Fund went to the voters and was passed. This change in financial structure has made it feasible for the ATFD to develop and maintain a Capital Plan with a 10-year horizon. Current Status The department has come a long way since the early days. The ATFD now has 2 stations and 11 Trucks. All personnel are trained and certified as Firefighter II and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) and the ATFD holds a license to transport as Advanced Life Support (ALS). The ATFD is always changing and continuously improving as technology and the needs of the community change. We will always strive to be the best. Since its beginning in 1949, the ATFD has consistently advanced itself. It could very possibly be the most outstanding fire department of any town its size, anywhere. ISO ratings of \"3\" for the village of Leonard and \"3\" for Addison Township, municipalities without centralized water/hydrant systems, attest to this. The conscientious efforts of the ATFD members and the support of the Township Board and Fire Board, as well as the support of the community as a whole, has produced a fire department with thoroughly trained personnel, fine facilities and modern firefighting, medical and rescue equipment. Over the years through the Firefighters Association, the ATFD has become a larger part of the community, promoting activities of their own and supporting others. Participation in the Goodfellows newspaper sales (contributing proceeds for kids at Christmas), instructional Fire Prevention visits to our elementary schools and sponsoring the annual Strawberry Festival (originally the \"Strawberry Social\"), are all examples of the ATFD's involvement in the community. The ATFD also supports similar activities sponsored by the fire departments of adjoining townships

Assessment 11

ASSESSMENT Status ATFD protects a well established geographic area defined by the borders of the Township including the Village of Leonard. It encompasses 36 square miles of land with two large parks, a large densely populated lake and a large underground gas storage field. Addison Township and the Village of Leonard comprise a bedroom community with a combined population of approximately 7000 people with very little industry. The parks, lake and tree-lined roads of the Township make it a popular destination throughout the year for motorcyclists, bicyclists, campers and boaters from the many heavily populated southeast Michigan cities and suburbs. During the summer, Addison Oaks park may have as many as 4,000 visitors during the day, with a significant number of those camping overnight. Medical calls and personal injury accidents associated with Township visitors are common. Rochester Road, the main north/south road in the Township, is the only paved road that connects I-69 and M-59 in the thirteen mile-wide corridor bounded by M-53 (Van Dyke) on the east and M-24 (Lapeer Road) on the west. For this reason, Addison Township and the Village of Leonard see heavier rush-hour traffic during the work week than communities their size would normally expect. All ATFD personnel are medically trained and licensed as an EMT-Basic or EMT- Paramedic. ATFD transports with Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulances. This allows for adequate coverage during multiple calls. The ATFD is a member of the Oakland County Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS) 3201 that establishes Mutual Aid agreements within and outside its division. Member departments support each other with equipment and personnel resources when necessary. The organization for emergency operations is based on the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and utilizes the Township's administrative structure, with some reassignments of responsibilities, to meet the needs of an emergency disaster. The Township's administrative and operational staffs are assigned to one or more of the organizational teams as outlined within this plan. Please reference the \"Emergency Preparedness\" section of this document for additional details.

Status (continued) In 2018, Insurance Services Office (ISO) Inc., completed a detailed analysis of the structural fire suppression delivery systems provided to the village of Leonard and Addison Township by the ATFD. The resulting rating scores for the two municipalities were 3 and 3, respectively. These scores indicated that a higher level of fire protection existed than was previously recognized by the insurance industry. Many residents experienced a resulting drop in home insurance costs once they communicated the results to their insurance agents. A separate section of this ATFD Master Plan document provides additional detail regarding the ISO assessment and what can be learned from the process and results. The Village of Leonard and Addison Township experienced a 1.6% population decrease from 2000 to 2010, as reported by the U.S. Census. Improvements to the southeast Michigan economy over the next 10 years may result in a local population increase, but it is not expected to be large. The action plan created to address the findings of the 2018 ISO analysis, as well as the analyses performed during the creation of this Master Plan, take into consideration the future emergency service needs for the Village of Leonard and Addison Township for the next 10 to 20 years. Challenges The current frequency of Pre-Fire Planning Analysis of large residential and commercial buildings is not adequate, as indicated by the ISO audits of 2018. An increase in staffing of full time firefighters is needed. Information generated from Pre-Fire Planning Analysis must be quickly available to personnel when enroute to emergencies. On-board computer systems must be installed in all apparatus to most efficiently and reliably accomplish this. More available manpower is required during day hours. Studies have shown that most emergencies in the jurisdiction happen between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. ATFD has two stations that primarily cover the east side of the Township, but do not cover the northwest or southwest corners in a timely manner. Portions of the west side of the Township are not in the 5 road mile range as highlighted in the 2018 ISO assessment (see separate ISO section of the document for details). Capital revenues are not enough to adequately replace current apparatus.



Human Resources 15

HUMAN RESOURCES Hiring Process The Addison Township Fire Department regularly advertises employment opportunities. Applications and resumes are accepted at all times. We encourage citizens to come and join our team for a fun and rewarding experience. The hiring process requires the following to be completed with the utmost accuracy: • Application – Applications are available at Station #1, 4026 Forest St., Leonard, MI 48367, and must be completed in full before being considered for employment. • Interview – Interviews are conducted by the Fire Chief or an officer designated by the Fire Chief after the application is found to be satisfactory. • Background Check – After the interview process, all applicants are subjected to an in-depth background check provided by Oakland County. • Agility Test – All candidates are expected to pass the agility test selected by the ATFD or have a recent Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) certificate. • Pre-Hire Physical – Applicants must submit to an in-depth physical, including drug screening, paid for by the ATFD. • Orientation – After the results of the physical examination, candidates have a formal orientation with the Fire Chief, explaining the requirements of retaining the job, all policies and guidelines, and the probationary period. After Hire Employees are required to fill out all necessary paperwork, including but not limited to: • W-4 & MI –W4 • I-9 Form • 1017 Eligible (Unemployment) • Employee Manual Review sign off • Seatbelt Pledge • Present a copy of current auto insurance policy

Employees Receive • Standard Operating Guidelines • Employee Manual • Probationary Employee Manual • Map Book • Turnout Gear including boots, coat, bunker pants, helmet, tags, etc. • Uniform including t-shirt, baseball hat, Class B shirts, jumpsuit, etc. • Monitor pager Personnel ATFD currently employs two classifications of personnel: Full time and Paid-on- Call. In addition, ATFD in 2018 initiated, established and certified an adjunct organization of volunteers under the auspices of Homeland Security known as the Fire Corps. Full time personnel are as follows: Fire Chief Office Manager EMS Coordinator Firefighter/EMT-Paramedic Fire Chief – Has primary authority for all activities at the Fire Department, including Incident Command at incidents. Responsibilities include, but not limited to: • Budget • Human Resources • Finance • Personnel • Public Relations • Incident Command • Inspection Authority

Personnel (continued) Office Manager – Handles administrative duties delegated by the Fire Chief, is a FF/EMT-B and responds to all incidents during work hours. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to: • Accounts Payable • Accounts Receivable • Medical Billing • Personnel • Reports (Incident, Accounting, Medical, etc.) • Fire Board Packet EMS Coordinator – Responds to all incidents on their shift. Shift assignments include, but are not limited to: • Scheduled and special maintenance of ambulance content and equipment • EMS coordinating • Conduct evaluation and assessment of life support equipment • Provide periodic life support technique training and seminars • Collateral duties as assigned by the Fire Chief Full Time Firefighter/Paramedic – Responds to all incidents on their shift. Shift assignments include, but are not limited to: • Scheduled and special maintenance (facilities and apparatus) • EMS coordinating • Conduct Pre-Fire Planning Inspections • County and State-mandated incident reports • Collateral duties as assigned by the Fire Chief Paid-on-Call – Required to respond to all calls in coordination with the Fire Department Standard Operating Guidelines (S.O.G.’s), maintain any licensure, and attend training mandated by S.O.G.’s. Fire Corps/Volunteers – Fire Corps is an adjunct wing of the ATFD engaged in supplemental and non-hazardous activities in support of the Fire Department. Currently staffed by a volunteer Manager/Coordinator, community minded volunteers assist in grounds, light vehicle and equipment maintenance, administrative and social media activity and non-hazardous emergency scene rehab duties. The Fire Corps intent is to perform value added activities that free up Fire Department personnel so they may pursue more mission critical activities.

Schedule ATFD is covered at all times by a FF/EMT-P, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Career FF/EMT-P Schedule The ATFD follows a \"Kelly Schedule\" for full-time FF/ EMT-P’s. The Kelly Schedule system is commonly used in Fire Departments and EMS Services throughout the United States. It uses a 9-day cycle with each employee working 24 hours on, 24 off, 24 on, 24 off, 24 on, 96 off. This system allows for the career personnel to typically have 5 shifts in a two week period. On rare occasions, a person will have a sixth shift in a two week period; this is called a Super Kelly day. Station Response Team (SRT) Schedule The majority of the FF/EMT's at ATFD are Paid-on-Call employees who work full- time jobs, many of which are not located in the Township. From the early morning commute through the work day, many personnel are unable to respond to incidents. The need for additional personnel to help assure adequate manpower for incidents is provided by our SRT Schedule. The SRT shifts: • Monday – Sunday night shift from 2100 hours to 0600 hours the next day • Saturday - Sunday day shift from 0800 hours to 1600 hours With this schedule in place, the ATFD is covered with two FF personnel, 1 FF/ MEDIC and 1 FF/EMT for at least 82% of the week for calls. The SRT schedule was implemented in 2004. SRT shifts can be covered by any FF/EMT-P or FF/EMT-B who has fulfilled probationary requirements. Challenges The current work assignments of the four full-time firefighters in the ATFD are almost exclusively dedicated to incident coverage, vehicle and station maintenance, licensure of EMT-B personnel and completing government- mandated paper and electronic documents. The focus of their activities is primarily the day-to-day operations of the ATFD.

Challenges (continued) This is a structural issue. The current level of incidents, number of reports that must be written documenting those calls and number of apparatus repairs necessary to keep an aging fleet up and running, require nearly 100% of the four full-time firefighters' time Unfortunately, that leaves little time for training of personnel, Pre-Fire Planning Inspections, management of the ISO Improvement Plan and other very important, but less urgent priorities of the ATFD suffer as a result. This creates risks that could ultimately have severe consequences during an incident in the future. The training of FF/EMT's is not a one-time event or merely a series of courses that take place in the first probationary year. The Firefighter I and Firefighter II classes specified by the State of Michigan contain a great deal of information for the new recruit, but these classes are the same regardless of whether the firefighter is from Addison Township or Troy for instance. They really only provide the basic foundation from which a new firefighter needs to build firefighting knowledge and techniques. This additional training must be managed through the firefighter's department, as it must address the needs, environment and resources of the specific community. Learning how to draft water out of a wetland is not high on the priority list of a big-city firefighter, but it is a critical skill required at ATFD. Department specific training itself is not a one-time event. In addition to the need to continually practice and perfect necessary firefighting and EMS methods and techniques, it is essential to stay on top of new changes/methods. Examples: • The increased use of synthetic materials in furniture and carpet has increased residential fire temperatures and the presence of toxic gases, changing firefighting strategy. • The use of engineered trusses in place of conventional framing in roof construction has changed both burn rate and failure modes of attic fires, changing firefighting strategy. • Annual changes to Oakland County Medical Control Authority (OCMCA) protocols must be reviewed, documented and implemented. • The changes to CPR techniques, as specified by the American Heart Association, that have been recommended in past years. Recognizing the need for training is just the beginning. The training must be planned, conducted, evaluated for effectiveness and documented. Failure to do so creates a safety risk for the ATFD and the public and undermines the overall effectiveness of the department.

Challenges (continued) The purpose of Pre-Fire Planning Inspections is to evaluate each commercial, industrial and institutional building in the community to assure that fire code requirements are met and that any discrepancies have the appropriate action plan. Per the ISO, these inspections should take place every six months. Consider the potential impact of significantly postponing the semi-annual inspection of a given Township business: • Any expansion or other change made to the physical building that may increase the fire flow may not be known. Any change to available water supply may not be known. • Changes to the chemicals being stored on site may not be known. • Changes to ingress and egress to the property may not be known. • Does the building now house tenants? • The failure to correct a problem noted during a previous inspection will not be discovered. Commercial, industrial and institutional facilities frequently have unique features or characteristics that either pose special safety concerns or fire hazards. It is absolutely critical to be aware of those items BEFORE the first firefighter approaches the building during an incident. During the ISO review conducted in 2018, weaknesses in the areas of training and Pre-Fire Planning Inspections were noted. Although the system to conduct inspections existed, the frequency of inspections did not meet the required number by a significant amount. (Please see the ISO section of this document for further details). While some weaknesses have been addressed, the current personnel structure at ATFD is a roadblock to any major improvement. The Township needs to consider the long-term benefits of additional full time firefighters on the ATFD and the ongoing associated risks that exist if the current staffing strategy is not changed.



Training 23

TRAINING Authority Training for fire operations is under the authority of the designated ATFD Training Officer. Training for emergency medical operations is under the authority of the ATFD EMS Coordinator. Purpose Training of ATFD personnel must be designed and carried out in a manner that supports the needs and requirements of the state, county and township: • To improve the performance and coordination of all national and state certification efforts through the development of minimum performance requirements. • To develop competent, safe, and effective Fire Service personnel by establishing minimum certification standards. • To establish and maintain valid procedures that measure specific levels of skills, abilities and knowledge consistent with standards approved and adopted by the Michigan Fire Fighters Training Council (MFFTC). • To establish and implement a Voluntary Certification Program (VCP) that will ensure complete impartiality, confidentiality and be designed in such a manner that will safeguard against misuse and abuse. • To adopt statewide uniform testing procedures for a consistent means of evaluation. • To support the establishment of the Fire Service in the state of Michigan as a professional career/volunteer service. As firefighters progress through higher levels of training, the purpose of the training is much more specific. The training provided to a modern day firefighter is as diverse as the types of calls the Fire Department receives. One moment the firefighters are fighting a structure fire and the next moment they are assisting an elderly person back into their wheel chair. From the day a firefighter is hired until the day they retire, they are immersed in training. The dangers of a superheated atmosphere inside of a structure fire are not ideal for \"on the job training'' sessions. Many other situations a firefighter may encounter are similarly dangerous. Only by repeated training will the firefighter be ready to respond in a proficient, effective manner while insuring the safety of all responding firefighters

Purpose (continued) and possible victims. Due to the many inter-dependent activities that occur on a fire scene, it is essential that training activities be conducted as a team. The Training Division's goal is to provide valuable training before a firefighter is presented with the many different types of emergency and non-emergency calls for service. Some of these training topics include: • Training for New Hires • Incident Command and Control • Structural Firefighting • Vehicle Firefighting • Wildland Firefighting • Fire Investigation • Low Angle Rescue • Confined Space Rescue • Trench Rescue • Vehicle Rescue • Hazardous Materials • Building Collapse • Disaster Preparedness, Response, Mitigation • Emergency Medical Training • Continuing Education for EMT-P and EMT-B • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Blood-borne Pathogens • Report Writing • Software Training • Employee Developmental and Promotional Training Responsibilities When training is held for activities specific to the ATFD, the ATFD Training Officer or EMS Coordinator facilitates the training. Since some state and federal mandated training is very general and a common requirement for all fire departments, it is much more cost effective to consolidate training with other departments. One of the programs that the ATFD is proud to be a part of is the North Oakland County Training Consortium's \"In-service Training\" program. Oversight of the ATFD's participation in group training activities remains the responsibility of the Training Officer or Medical Coordinator, as appropriate.

Methods Training within the ATFD is typically held at the training classroom at ATFD Station 1, 4026 Forest St., Leonard, MI. The training classroom capacity is 30 persons. Training is frequently conducted with the participation of multiple fire departments. In addition to the benefit of shared costs, training conducted with other departments has other benefits: • Participation with highly trained regional personnel in operations such as hazardous materials containment and technical rescues • Exposure to other departments' equipment and procedures • Opportunity for training in facilities that are unique to a given municipality such as multiple-story structures • Meeting, working and training with the same firefighters who will be operating together on mutual aid emergency incidents. For training that is highly specialized or beyond the scope of what is scheduled by the ATFD, personnel go to classes and seminars locally, regionally and nationally. One of the many benefits of having a training staff within the ATFD is that training can be custom fit to the many challenges and opportunities consistent with a smaller fire department. The Training Officer and EMS Coordinator sit on several committees with the goal of improving training efficiency, effectiveness and overall safety of fire department operations. Challenges The daily workload of the full time personnel at the ATFD is dedicated almost exclusively to incident management, generation of mandatory reports and facilities/apparatus maintenance and repair. The amount of time spent investigating new firefighting and medical techniques, learning about new issues in those fields and generating training plans related to those techniques and issues for the ATFD is not adequate.

Emergency Medical Services 27

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES Authority Emergency medical services in Addison Township are provided by members of the Addison Township Fire Department and are under the direct authority of the ATFD Fire Chief. The ATFD is licensed as an Advanced Life Support (ALS) transporting agency with the state of Michigan. Responsibility • The Oakland County Medical Control Authority provides County protocols and oversight for the EMS activity in Oakland County, as well as additional training opportunities. • The ATFD EMS Coordinator is responsible for day-to-day EMS operations including oversight of personnel training, ordering supplies, managing inventory, licensure of the Agency, vehicles and personnel, providing Quality Assurance audits on 100% of all ATFD medical runs, and liaising with the base hospital and the Medical Control Authority. • All ATFD active personnel are licensed as Paramedics or Emergency Medical Technicians by the state of Michigan and are trained in fire suppression. • 911 calls are dispatched by Oakland County dispatchers trained as Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMD's) using the Emergency Medical Dispatch system. EMD's obtain as much information as possible from the 911 caller, determine the emergency vehicle response code (lights/sirens), direct the appropriate emergency service(s) to the scene, and advise the caller on how to manage the situation until help arrives. Personnel Training • The ATFD provides Continuing Education (CE) training on a monthly basis for its Paramedics and EMT's, as well as healthcare provider CPR training. • Members are informed of additional training/CE opportunities. • The ATFD audits accumulation of CE's to ensure that members have the requisite number of CE's to renew their licenses as scheduled. • The ATFD participates in the North Oakland Training Consortium to provide a Basic EMT initial training class once a year. • Ascension Providence Hospital, Rochester (APR) is ATFD's Base Hospital and provides quarterly training opportunities as well as one annual on-site training. • CPR and First Aid classes are available for the general public. • The EMS Coordinator is a state of Michigan licensed Instructor/ Coordinator.

Methods • Emergency calls are responded to 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with trained personnel on an ATFD apparatus. Medical calls, including traffic accidents, comprise approximately 63% of all ATFD calls originating within the Township. • One Firefighter/Paramedic is on shift 24/7/365 at Station 1. EMS calls are supported by career staff and/or Paid-on-Call personnel, depending on the day and shift. • In the event that additional transport vehicles are needed, ATFD has mutual aid agreements with surrounding ALS agencies. Similarly, the ATFD reciprocates and can provide mutual aid for those departments when required. • Special event support can be provided by a Basic Life Support (BLS) transport unit on site with ALS available. • Approximately 60% of transports are to Ascension Providence Hospital, Rochester (APR), about 20 minutes away. APR is a certified Stroke and Cardiac Center. • The nearest certified Trauma Center is McLaren Osteopathic Hospital in Pontiac, about 30 minutes away. • All runs are logged into a database for billing and compliance with the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS), National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) reporting and internal quality improvement monitoring. • ATFD complies with the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). • Department Standard Operating Guidelines address Bloodborne Pathogens and infectious waste disposal as well as all procedures to be followed on medical runs. • The ATFD provides yearly TB testing as well as initial Hepatitis B vaccinations for all responders. Equipment • Two ambulances with Advanced Life Support capability are available for transport. • ALS and BLS non-emergency transports are available for scheduling as needed. • One Command Vehicle that is licensed as a non-transporting BLS unit.

Challenges • Financial resources required for training, as well as availability of instructors, are a yearly budgeting concern. • Access to the patient is frequently a challenge. Most Township residents live on unpaved roads that have no sidewalks and limited lighting. Managing the transport of a patient on a 120-pound cot from the residence to the ambulance on uneven terrain in poor light with only two Paramedics/EMT's is difficult, at best. Four-point cot support (one person at each corner) is advised under these conditions. Since the exact situation facing the EMS team is typically not known until the patient's residence is reached, a minimum of four responders is desired on all calls. Consistent availability of responding personnel is an issue. • The Oakland County Medical Control Authority mandates that an EMTP and EMTB be on board the ambulance for medical runs at all times. It also requires that the ATFD must respond to 90% of 911 medical calls within 6 minutes regardless of road and weather conditions. Many addresses in the northwest and southwest corners of the Township are more than 5 driving miles from either ATFD station. ATFD responders are not able to reach some of those areas in the Township in under 10 minutes. In addition, there are numerous smaller roads within 5 driving miles of the two current stations (Markwood is an example) where slower speeds are required. This further challenges the 90% compliance requirement. A third township fire station located closer to the western edge of the Township would help address the 90% response time compliance issue.

Fire Prevention 31

FIRE PREVENTION Authority The Fire Chief has primary responsibility for management of fire prevention activities in the township. Purpose The purpose of fire prevention activities is to develop and execute plans and actions that will reduce the likelihood of unplanned fires in the Township and, if those fires do occur, reduce the severity of those fires. The ultimate objective is to avoid loss of life, reduce incidence of personal injury and minimize property and environmental damage. Organization Members of the ATFD who are trained and certified as Level 1 Fire Inspectors by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) comprise the ATFD Fire Safety Bureau (FSB). Responsibilities The ATFD is responsible for enforcing the fire prevention codes and ordinances for all structures in the Township. Section 5(p) of the Michigan Fire Prevention Code, Public Act 207 of 1941, as amended, gives fire departments the authority to survey businesses within their jurisdiction about the types of chemicals they have on site. The ATFD Fire Service Bureau (FSB) reviews Township businesses' construction sites, fire suppression plans, and water supply plans for code compliance. Inspections are performed prior to final occupancy and liquor licensure. Site plans, driveway and private roads are reviewed for code compliance. Section 14(i) of the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act (MIOSHA), Public Act 154 of 1974, as amended (Act 154) requires the Fire Chief of an organized fire department to prepare and disseminate to each firefighter information on facilities within their jurisdiction that use or produce hazardous chemicals. The FSB prepares pre-plans and reviews building drawings for review by the ATFD Fire Chief. This information is then deployed to all other members of the department.

Methods • The ATFD issues burning permits to residents according to the burning ordinance approved by the Township and Village of Leonard Boards. Residents are required to request permission of the ATFD on any day that they want to burn. Permits are available online. • ATFD residential fire prevention incorporates a proactive strategy of citizen awareness of fire safety through on-line safety tips, annual newsletter mailings and fire prevention presentations for K-4 students in all elementary schools in the jurisdiction. • Each commercial building is required to return a chemical survey indicating the chemicals on site and must be updated any time that a change in status occurs. This survey is reviewed during each inspection by the FSB. • A copy of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) is available in the cab of all ATFD apparatus. The ERG is the guide authorized by the U.S. Department of Transportation that defines the appropriate responses to take when a transportation incident involving hazardous materials is encountered. • All commercial, industrial, institutional and other similar type buildings in the Township are inspected systematically, prioritized by location and business type. Inspection Safety Office (ISO) frequency requirement for Pre-Plan Inspections is twice per year. • The (FSB) Fire Safety Bureau enforces fireworks regulations including issuance of permits and monitoring compliance. • Communication between the FSB and the rest of the ATFD is paramount and is a priority for any department. • The ATFD Station 1 library contains information regarding applicable codes, standards and information concerning hazardous materials. • Addison Township and the Village of Leonard have adopted the International Fire Code (IFC) 2015 as their fire code. Hard copies of the current codes are available for public review at: o ATFD Station 1, 4026 Forest Street, Leonard, MI o Addison Township Offices, 1440 Rochester Rd, Leonard, MI o Village of Leonard Offices, 23 East Elmwood, Leonard, MI

o Challenges • As noted in the \"Responsibilities\" section, the ATFD has an active fire prevention program whereby the FSB conducts reviews of construction sites, fire suppression plans, use of hazardous chemicals and water supply plans for code compliance. However, in previous years, many of the businesses in the Township began operating in buildings that were never subjected to this type of formal fire prevention review. Recognizing the importance of the issue, the ATFD FSB is committed to inspecting all businesses in the Township to identify any latent hazardous issues and have them corrected. Existing businesses are currently being inspected based on an established priority. This has created several challenges: o Current business owners may question the validity of identified fire prevention issues, particularly when existing conditions were previously \"good enough\". o The process of the FSB working with the Township Building Department and the business owner during the planning stages, when properly conducted, identifies problems before they actually exist. Problems are more expensive to correct after the building is up. o Some business owners do not want the cost of fixing any problems. o Some business owners claim to be too busy to fix problems quickly. o As a result, the FSB must complete multiple trips to specific sites to assure that problems were correctly addressed. The more hours required to bring a specific site into compliance, the more delay in addressing the next business on the priority list. During the ISO review conducted in 2018, weaknesses in the areas of training and Pre-Fire Planning Inspections were noted. Although the system to conduct inspections existed, the frequency of inspections did not meet the required number by a significant amount. While some weaknesses have been addressed, the current personnel structure at ATFD is a roadblock to any major improvement. The current level of incident calls, number of reports that must be written documenting those calls and number of apparatus repairs necessary to keep an aging fleet up and running require nearly 100% of the three full-time firefighters' time.

Fire Operations 35

FIRE OPERATIONS Authority The Fire Chief has primary authority for all Fire Operation activities. The management of Fire Operations at the scene is the responsibility of the highest ranking officer on scene or, if no officer is on scene, it then goes to the most senior firefighter on scene. Fire Operations within the Township that surpass Township resources fall under the Incident Management System, Unified Command. Purpose The purpose of Fire Operations is to develop and execute the plans and actions that will reduce the adverse impact of unplanned fires, personal injury accidents, and other events in the Township. The ultimate objective is to avoid loss of life, reduce incidence of personal injury and minimize property and environmental damage. Fire Suppression Fire suppression is the reason that fire departments came into existence. Fire suppression requires extensive training, major investment in facilities and equipment and must be organized and managed to address the unique factors of each individual community. Addison Township is a bedroom community with little industry. It does not have a central water distribution system; therefore, there are no traditional fire hydrants that would be found in a typical city. Water must be taken to any fire scene via truck or drafted out of a nearby water source and pumped to the scene. In many cases, water drafting, water transport by tanker and medium-to- long distance hose lays are all employed to fight a particular fire. Such an operation requires more personnel and more equipment resources than are available within the Township. This is not an unusual circumstance. All of the townships surrounding Addison Township are in the same situation to varying degrees and rely heavily upon neighboring fire departments to provide water supply and manpower mutual aid for confirmed structure fires.

Fire Suppression (continued) Under the protocols of the Oakland County Fire Mutual Aid Association (MABAS 3201) and the North Oakland Tanker Task Force, formal agreements have been signed by ATFD's neighboring fire departments and specific procedures are in place regarding the nature of support (engine, tanker, ALS, etc.) that will be provided by each specific department for different levels of fire severity at each different municipality. Communication agreements exist so that radio traffic is controlled between the multiple departments that are involved on a mutual aid call. Prior to being accepted as a probationary firefighter, the prospective candidate must pass an agility test that confirms the physical capability of the candidate to perform a series of tasks that would be expected of a firefighter. Immediately upon joining the ATFD as a probationary firefighter, a detailed schedule of both classroom and practical training begins. Standardized state training includes Firefighter I and II, Hazardous Materials at the Operations level, and Emergency Vehicle Driver's Education. Specific to the ATFD, each firefighter receives orientation and training on ATFD Fire Suppression policies and guidelines and is instructed in the specific tasks that need to be accomplished within the first 5 minutes on the fire scene as specified in the Standard Operating Guidelines Handbook. Each firefighter is cross-trained to be able to perform any of those tasks as required at a given fire scene. Each new hire is required to complete the ATFD Field Training Probationary Manual which includes verification by the Training Officer that training in Fire Suppression has been completed. Each firefighter is trained in the operations of water supply which consists of: • Tanker shuttle • Long-distance hose-lay (up to 4400'@850 GPM) as documented by the Insurance Service Office (ISO) • Series pump operations i.e. truck-to–truck driveway, truck-to-truck modified and truck-to-truck curbside. • 2 1/2\" forward lay The Fire Department has been issued a fire class certification from ISO of a 3 within the Village of Leonard and a 3 in the majority of Addison Township (see the ISO Rating section for further detail).

Fire Apparatus and Equipment Fire apparatus at Stations One and Two include: • 3 Engines • 2 Tankers • 2 Brush Trucks • 2 Ambulances • 1 Ladder Truck • 1 Utility Command Vehicle All apparatus and equipment are systematically budgeted and procured using properly developed specifications, including applicable provisions for performance requirements, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and federal and state regulations. A committee of ATFD officers is formed to develop any new apparatus specification, with input requested from firefighter personnel. The committee performs periodic inspections of the apparatus during assembly and a final inspection of the completed apparatus. All purchases are subject to the Township’s bid policy which requires bid proposals from various vendors with the award going to the lowest qualified bidder. A ten-year plan exists for the purchase of new fire and medical apparatus that is included in the ATFD budget presented annually to the Township Fire and Supervisory Boards. A formal preventative maintenance program has been established for all apparatus that is tracked in the Firehouse software program used by the ATFD. A 24-hour phone number is available for emergency repairs that are not able to be done in-house. Apparatus checks are done on a daily basis and include an inventory of all tools and equipment stored on the trucks. Weekly apparatus checks include brake testing, lights, warning devices, windshield wipers, etc. Reports of these checks are submitted to the Assistant Fire Chief responsible for apparatus maintenance. A maintenance report summary is submitted to the Chief and forwarded to the Township Board for review at the end of each month. The following comments are relevant regarding status of fire tools and equipment: • Tools and equipment are subject to an identification system set up for inventory management and are inventoried on a weekly basis. • All fire hoses are purchased, inspected, maintained and tested according to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards.

Fire Apparatus and Equipment (Continued) • All Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) devices are purchased, inspected, maintained and tested according to NFPA standards. • There is a sufficient number of SCBA devices to equip each firefighter on the fire ground who may be expected to operate within the hazardous area. The SCBA devices are mounted to apparatus in a manner that permits them to be donned quickly. • All ground and aerial ladders are properly maintained and tested annually. Appropriate ladders are carried on each apparatus. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) records are kept in the office for all items used by ATFD firefighters. PPE is issued to every firefighter at the time of employment. This equipment is inspected regularly and replaced as needed. Only ATFD issued PPE may be used by department personnel. • Written procedures and training require firefighters to wear full PPE unless otherwise directed. Physical Resources - Stations The existing facilities were designed and are maintained to meet the ATFD’s goals and objectives to the greatest extent possible. Station #1, is located in the Village of Leonard at 4026 Rochester Rd., the major north/south road in the Township. Built in 2004, it is a metal frame building and in good condition with 7 stalls. The ATFD's administrative operations are handled primarily from this facility. There is ample floor space to work around the apparatus. The station is equipped with sprinklers, fire alarms, a central security system, back-up generator, exhaust removal systems and smoke detectors. Station #2, is located at 1440 Rochester Rd., near the intersection of the major north/south (Rochester Rd.) and east/west (Lakeville Rd.) roads in the Township, and the south end of Lakeville Lake. Built in 1987 and remodeled in 2000, it is a pole barn construction in good condition with 5 vehicle stalls, 4 bays and is equipped with fire alarms, smoke detectors and a backup generator. The current use of the facility is for operations and preventative maintenance on the apparatus. Each station responds to calls inside and outside of its primary service area, either in the Township or outside the Township for mutual aid calls. The Standard Operating Guidelines for the ATFD specify to which types of calls the stations respond to. Stations are kept well maintained, cleaned, painted, and in good

Physical Resources – Stations (Continued) repair by the fire department personnel. Inspections are performed by chief officers periodically in order to ensure housekeeping and maintenance standards. Safe and efficient lighting has been placed and maintained at each station. The grounds around the station are landscaped and maintained in an attractive, efficient and orderly manner. In winter months, snow-removal equipment is available for safe access to all facilities. The ATFD performs all snow removal at Station #1 and Station #2. A run study was completed in 2015 for a proposed Station #3 to be located at the intersection of Hosner and Lakeville roads. This station would provide needed coverage for the western portion of Addison Township enabling a timely response within the specified parameters. The challenge at this time is acquiring the property. Heavy Rescue Operations Heavy Rescue Operations address incidents where a victim or victims require extrication or rescue from a specific situation. The ATFD has evaluated and established procedures concerning the response planning for all Heavy Rescue Operations: • Vehicle Extrication • High Angle Rescue • Low Angle Rescue • Ice Rescue • Structural Fire Rescue • Dive Rescue • Structural Collapse Rescue • Trench Rescue • Confined Space rescue • Tower Rescue All ATFD firefighters undergo training for Vehicle Extrication and Structural Fire Rescue as part of their Firefighter I and II training. Ongoing ATFD weekly training sessions address all Heavy Rescue situations. For some Heavy Rescue Operations, the ATFD relies on cooperation with the Oakland County Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS) 3201 for assistance.

Hazardous Material Operations A hazardous material is any substance or material capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property. Multiple factors determine if a material may be considered hazardous, including quantity, concentration, and physical or chemical characteristics. It is the responsibility of the ATFD to take the following actions, in sequence: 1. Identify the possibility of a Hazmat situation when it occurs. 2. Secure the area, taking the necessary actions to protect human life and property. 3. Establish command from a distance. 4. Evaluate the circumstance and decide which level of response is needed. The Oakland County Hazmat Team is then advised regarding the level of response. When the level of response is determined to be high enough, the Oakland County Hazmat Team addresses the problem directly under the Incident Management System, Unified Command. All ATFD firefighters undergo Hazardous Materials training at the Operations level as defined by OSHA. Supplemental training of specific personnel at the Technician level is supported by the ATFD. The ATFD has evaluated and established standard operating procedures in cooperation with the Oakland County Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS 3201) and private contractors in order to prepare for hazardous materials events. The Oakland County Hazmat Team supports the many municipal Fire Department Hazmat teams throughout Oakland County and has the equipment and trained personnel to deal directly with complicated Hazmat situations. Challenges The current ISO rating of 3 for the Village of Leonard and 3 for most of Addison Township does not apply to the Township's far northwest and southwest corners because they are outside of a 5-mile radius from either fire station. By specific Insurance Service Office (ISO) rule, any area that is more than 5 road miles from a fire station is given a default rating of 10, the highest (worst) rating possible, regardless of other factors (see the ISO section of this document for further details). ATFD responders are not able to reach some of those areas in the Township in under 10 minutes. A third Township fire station would help address the ISO rating and response time for the west edge of the Township. The ATFD has been experiencing an average increase in calls per year of 5-10% during the last 5 years. This increased workload has been absorbed by current staffing levels.

Challenges (Continued) The current ISO ratings of 3 for the village of Leonard and 3 for most of Addison Township are constrained from further improvement by the ATFD current staffing levels (see the ISO section of this document for further details). The ATFD is a combination Department, with 83% of our personnel Paid-on-Call, having full-time jobs outside of Addison Township. The method for managing department records for apparatus and equipment maintenance and personal equipment documentation is currently in transition from manual tracking to one utilizing specialized software. Hazmat is more efficiently addressed using the regional approach and the ATFD relies heavily on mutual aid for Hazmat incidents. While this approach provides access to equipment and trained personnel that could not be achieved in any other way, the department has only one vote among many in controlling the development of the regional Oakland County Hazmat Team.

ISO Rating 43

THE ISO RATING History of the Insurance Service Office (ISO) The process of rating fire department capability has its roots before the start of the 20th century due to the occurrences of several notable conflagration-type fires. At the time, the insurance industry determined that certain cities around the country appeared to be safer than others. In 1916, the National Board of Fire Underwriters (NBFU) was formed to assist the insurance industry in assessing the effectiveness of a city's fire resources and its ability to extinguish fires. The NBFU used 7 criteria for developing a document for grading cities and towns, according to their fire defenses, resulting in a rating from 1-10. In the 1970's, the system was revamped and the responsibility for the grading system was shifted to the Insurance Service Office (ISO), a for-profit organization. While there are some insurance companies that use other internally-calculated risk assessment methods in some states, the ISO rating continues to be the predominant method used by insurance companies in the United States to evaluate fire risk for both commercial and residential structures. What ISO Does ISO collects information about municipal fire-protection efforts in communities throughout the United States. In each of those communities, ISO analyzes the relevant data and assigns a Public Protection Classification (PPC) — a number from 1 to 10. Class 1 represents exemplary fire protection, and Class 10 indicates that the area's fire-suppression program does not meet ISO's minimum criteria. A community's PPC depends on: • Fire alarm and communications systems, including telephone systems, telephone lines, staffing, and dispatching systems • The fire department, including equipment, staffing, training, and geographic distribution of fire companies • The water supply system, including condition and maintenance of hydrants and a careful evaluation of the amount of available water compared with the amount needed to suppress fires. ISO's PPC program evaluates communities according to a uniform set of criteria, incorporating nationally recognized standards developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA). The PPC program provides a rating that 1) helps fire departments and other public officials measure the effectiveness of their efforts and plan for improvements and 2) helps insurance companies determine premium rates.

Differences in the 2008 and the 2018 ISO PPC The current ISO evaluation analysis differs from the 2008 in several respects. Ongoing research and loss experience analysis has identified additional differentiation in fire loss experience within the PPC program, which resulted in revised classifications. Regardless of the evaluation criteria modifications, the Addison Township community has realized significant improvement gains from the recent ISO analysis vs. the analysis completed in 2008. For an in depth explanation of the current methodology as well as the ratings contained therein, please refer to the current report of the 2018 ISO Analysis in the Appendix. Continued ISO to follow>

ISO PPC Rating for Addison Township and the Village of Leonard, October 1, 2018 Earned Credit Credit Available Emergency Communications 3.00 3 Emergency Reporting: 3.92 4 Telecommunicators: 3.00 3 Dispatch Circuits: 9.92 10 Credit for Emergency Communications (Total): Fire Department 6.00 6 Engine Companies: 0.48 0.5 Reserve Pumpers: 3.00 3 Pumper Capacity: 3.22 4 Ladder Service: 0.50 0.5 Reserve Ladder and Service Trucks: 3.33 10 Deployment Analysis: 5.18 15 Company Personnel: 4.66 9 Training: 28.37 50 Fire Department (Total) Water Supply 25.67 30 Supply System: 0.75 3 Hydrants: 6.40 7 Inspection and Flow Testing: 32.82 40 Water Supply (Total) Divergence: - 5.06 (0.8 X Fire Department - Water Supply)/2 Total Score: 70.56 105.5 Community Classification = 3/10 Please see Report in Appendix of this document.

Challenges As mentioned earlier in this document, the PPC scores of 3 for the Village of Leonard and 3 for the majority of Addison Township rank highly in the state of Michigan when compared to any community and are the highest in the state for communities without pressurized hydrant systems. A tremendous amount of effort went into the achievement of these results, including a thorough analysis of all areas for potential improvement, formulation of a detailed action plan to track completion of specific tasks within the timeline constraints, and structured management review by the ATFD Fire Chief and senior officers to validate completion of tasks and assure that there was no \"slippage\" during the process. During the entire ISO improvement process, there was emphasis on four objectives: • Maximize the ISO PPC scores for the Village of Leonard and Addison Township, providing the residents and business owners with the opportunity to lower their insurance premiums • Using the ISO requirements as a guideline, identify those \"best practices\" that would apply to the specific needs of the ATFD, the Village of Leonard, and Addison Township. Implement those \"best practices\" to improve the operational effectiveness of the ATFD. Example: Long-distance hose lay • Identify any \"low-hanging fruit\" that could be quickly implemented • Minimize the cost of both the implementation of the Improvement Plan and the long-term operations of the ATFD A \"Continuous Improvement Plan\" is in place to ensure ongoing progress. Even so, it must be recognized that the \"low hanging fruit\" pursued during the original ISO improvement process has already been captured. Significant improvement in the future will require that fundamental structural issues be confronted. These include: • Acquisition of a third station to address the western sections of Addison Township rated as \"10\" due to response distance from existing stations which is greater than 5 miles. If staffed with an ambulance, the third station would also improve EMS run time to those same areas.

Challenges (continued) • Purchase of additional engines to address the Fire Flow requirements of the Township to support the large number of businesses (horse farms) and larger homes compared to the village of Leonard. While the Fire Flow rating of the Township is officially set at 3500 gallons per minute (gpm) by ISO, this is a \"maximum score\" capped by the ISO calculation method. The actual individual Fire Flows at the four horse farms selected for review by ISO were 4000, 4500, 5000 and 5500 gpm. Bear in mind that the 3500 gpm Fire Flow rating used by ISO in their calculations contributed to the determination that six Engine Companies were required in the Township. • Increase the number of full-time fire-fighters on staff to positively impact the full-time/Paid-on-Call fire fighter ratio. This action will impact several areas of the ISO PPC scoring. o Each on-shift firefighter is rated the same as three responding members when calculating \"Company Personnel\" credits, an area where Addison Township and the Village of Leonard scored 5.18 out of 15. o Increasing the number of full-time firefighters will provide the manpower necessary to increase the frequency of Pre-Fire Planning Inspections conducted in the Township. During the ISO review, the assessment of the Pre-Planning Inspections concluded that the system to conduct inspections existed, but that the frequency of inspections did not meet the required number (twice per year for each commercial, industrial and institutional building). Both the village of Leonard and the Township scored 4.13 out of 15 in this area. o Turnover of full-time firefighters is far less than that of Paid-on-Call firefighters. Over the past fifteen years, the average retention rate of Paid-on-Call firefighters, from the time they join the ATFD to when they reach one year past probation is less than 20%. This is a systemic nationwide issue, not a problem limited to the Township, Oakland County or Michigan. Training of Paid-on-Call firefighters absorbs a great deal of time of department officers and existing full- time firefighters. This has a negative impact on other preventative activities, such as Pre-Fire Planning Inspections.