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16. F. W. Lancaster, Indexing and Abstracting in Theoryand Practice,3rd ed. (Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Infor- mation Science, 2003), p. xiii. 17. Bertram C. Bruce and James A. Levin, \"Educational Technology: Me- dia for Inquiry, Communication, Construction, and Expression,\" Journal of Educational Computing Research 17, no. 1 (1997): 79-102. Also available: http://www.lis.uiuc.edu/ -chip/ pubs/ taxonomy /index.html. 18. Agricultural Research Service, GRIN Taxonomy.Last updated 22 AuguJ.: 2000. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/tax/. 19. Gary Marchionini, Information Seeking in ElectronicEnvironments (Cam- bridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995). 20. Yahoo! Available: http://www.yahoo.com/. 21. OCLC, Scorpion. Available: http://www.oclc.org/research/software/ scorpion/ . 22. Hao Chen and Susan Dumais, \"Bringing Order to the Web: Automat- ically Categorizing Search Results,\" Microsoft Research Publications, 2000. Available: http://research.microsoft.com/-sdumais/ chiOO.pdf. 23. Gerry McKiernan, Beyond Bookmarks:Schemesfor Organizing the Web.22 March 2001. Available: http://www.public.iastate.edu/-CYBERSTACKS/ CTW.html. 24. Teuvo Kohonen, Self-OrganizingMaps, 3rd ed. (Berlin, N.Y.: Springer- Verlag, 2001). 25. Timo Honkela, Samuel Kaski, Krista Lagus, and Teuvo Kohonen, \"Self- Organizing Maps of Document Collections,\" Alma 2 (1996).

3. Hope A. Olson and John J. Boll, SubjectAnalysis in Online Catalogs,2nd ed. (Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 2001), pp. 155-156. 4. From \"Executive Summary\" in Traugott Koch, The Role of Classification Schemesin Internet R£sourceDescription and Discovery.Last updated 14 May 1997. Available: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/desire/classification/ class_su.h tm. 5. Traugott Koch, ControlledVocabularies,Thesauri and ClassificationSystems Available in the www:DC Subject.Last updated 27 September 2001. Availa- ble: http://www.1ub.1u.se/metadata/ subject-help.h tml. 6. David H. Elazar and Daniel J. Elazar, A ClassificationSystemfor Libraries of judaica, 3rd ed., with the assistance of Rachel K. Glasser and Rita C. Frischer (Northvale, NJ.: Jason Aronson, 1997). Home page for this work is available at: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/ Acropolis/6527 / class. html. 7. Carylyn Gwyn Moser, Elazar Classification System Holocaust Expansion, 1997. Available: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/ Acropolis/6527 /holo caust.html. 8. Michael Gorman, \"The Longer the Number, the Smaller the Spine; or, Up and Down with Melvil and Elsie,\" American Libraries12, no. 8 (September 1981): 498-499. 9. Thomas Mann, Doing R£searchat the Library of Congress:A Guide to Subject. Searchingin a ClosedStacks Library (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Humanities and Social Sciences Division, 1994). 10. Ibid. 11. Gorman, \"The Longer the Number,\" pp. 498-499. y.2. Amy J. Warner, A Taxonomy Primer (Lexonomy, 2002). Available: http://www.1exonomy.com/publications/ aTaxonomyPrimer.html. 13. \"Ten Taxonomy Myths,\" Montague Institute &view. November 2002; up- dated 29 April 2003. Available: http://www.montague.com/review/myths. shtml. 14. Ibid. 15. Thomas D. Wason, \"Dr. Tom's Taxonomy Guide: Description, Use and Selections,\" IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc., 10 August 2000. Avail- able: http://www.imsglobal.org/drtomtaxonomiesguide.cfm.

NOTES All URLs accessed July 2003. 1. George Lakoff, Women,Fire, and About the Mind (Chicago: University 2. Ibid., pp. 16-57.

d Dangerous Things: What CategoriesReveal y of Chicago Press, 1987), p. 6.

Laboratory, Stanford University, 2000), p. 3. Available: http://www.ks!. stanford.edu/ people/ dlm/ papers/ ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness. pdf. 23. WebOntologyLanguage (OVVL)UseCasesand Requirements,W3C Working Draft 31 March 2003. Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/. 24. National Library of Medicine, Unified Medical Language System@ (UMLSfY). Last updated 1 July 2003. Available: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ research/umls/ . \" 25. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence,2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991), pp. 377-379. 26. Ibid., pp. 379-380. 27. S. N. Ali, \"Subject Relationship Between Articles Determined by Co- occurrence of Keywords in Citing and Cited Titles,\" Journal of Information Science19, no. 3 (1993): 225-231. 28. R. B. Bush, \"A Bibliography of Monographic Works on Biomaterials and Biocompatibility,\" Journal of Applied Biomaterials4, no. 2 (1993): 195- 209. 29. Sujata Banerjee and Vibhu O. Mittal, \"On the Use of Linguistic On- tologies for Accessing and Indexing Distributed Digital Libraries,\" in Digital Libraries '94: Proceedingsof theFirstAnnual Conferenceon the Theoryand Practice of Digital Libraries,June 19-21, 1994, CollegeStation, Texas.Available: http:// www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/banerjee.html. 30. WordNe~. Available: http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/-wn/. 31. Banerjee and Mittal, \"On the Use of Linguistic Ontologies.\" 32. WordNe~. Available: http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/-wn/. 33. Banerjee and Mittal, \"On the Use of Linguistic Ontologies,\" p. 3.

9. Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University, WordNefIY-A Lexi- calDatabasefor English. Available: http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/-wn. 10. OM- Web OntologyLanguage Overview,W3C Working Draft 31 March 2003. Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/. 11. National Library of Medicine, MeSH Tree Structures-2003. Available: thrtetep:/t/owp w\")w. .nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html (click on \"Navigate from 12. Library of Congress, Classification Web. Available (by subscription): . http:// classweb.1oc.gov/. 13. SubjectCatalogingManual: SubjectHeadings, prepared by The Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress, 5th ed. (Washington, D.C.: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, 1996). 14. National Library of Medicine, Fact Sheet: Medical Subject Headings (MeSIP). Last updated 4 December 2002. Available: http://www.nlm.nih. gov/ pubs/factsheets/mesh.html. 15. National Technical Information Service (NTIS), \"Products> New Prod- ucts> MeSH.\" Available: http://www.ntis.gov/products/mesh.asp. 16. National Library of Medicine, Medical SubjectHeadings: MeSH Browser. Available: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html. 17. The Getty, Art & ArchitectureThesaurus On Line: About theAA T. Created 2000. Available: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/about. html. 18. The Getty, The Art & ArchitectureThesaurus On Line. Available: http:// www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/. 19. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Thesaurus of ERIC Ii.'Jescriptors1,4th ed. (Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 2001). 20. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), Processing and Reference Facility, Search Thesaurus. Available: http://www.ericfacility.net/ extra/ pub/ thessearch.cfm. 21. INSPEC, Thesaurus [Web page description only]. Created 2003. Avail- able: http://www.iee.org/Publish/Support/Inspec/Document/Thes/index. cfm. 22. Natalya Fridman Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness, \"Ontology Devel- opment 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology\" (Knowledge Systems

NOTES All URLs accessed July 2003. 1. Thomas Mann, \" 'Cataloging Must Change!' and Indexer Consistency Studies: Misreading the Evidence at Our Peril,\" Cataloging & Classification Quarterly23, nos. 3/4 (1997): 3-45. 2. Hans H. Wellish, \"Aboutness and Selection of Topics,\" Key Words4, no. 2 (March/ April 1996): 9. 3. Mann,\" 'Cataloging Must Change!' \" pp. 9-10. 4. Library of Congress, Library of CongressAuthorities. Available: http:// authorities.1oc.gov /. 5. The Getty, Union List of Artist Names On Line. Created 2000. Available: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/ulan/. 6. The Getty, Getty Thesaurus of GeograPhicNames On Line. Created 2000. Available: http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/tgn/. 7. National Information Standards Organization, Guidelinesfor the Construc- tion, Format, and Management of Monolingual Thesauri (Bethesda, Md.: NISO Press, 1994). \"ANSI/NISO Z39.19-1993.\" 8. Elin K Jacob, \"Ontologies and the Semantic Web,\" Bulletin of the Amer- ican Societyfor Information Scienceand Technology29, no. 4 (April/May 2003): 22. Available: http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Apr-03/BulletinAprMay03.pdf.

17. Some of this section appeared in an earlier form in Arlene G. Taylor, \"Books and Other BibliographiC Materials,\" in Guide to Indexing and Cata- loging with the Art & Architecture Thesaurus, eds. Toni Petersen and Patricia ]. Barnett (New \\\"ork: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 101-119. 18. Available: http://www.odc.org/Q.dc/man/colloq/toc.htm. 19. Available: http://www. tiddlywinks.org/how _to_play / rules/ english/ aIle ghany /. 20. Available: http://www.camdenfamily.com/thunder/. 'i 21. Available: http://www.odc.org/odc/man/colloq/toc.htm. 22. Available: http://wwwJgarden.org/ default. asp. 23. A. G. Brown, in collaboration with D. W. Langridge and]. Mills, An Introduction to SubjectIndexing, 2nd ed. (London: Bingley, 1982), frames 48, 51. 24. Available: http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/. 25. For more about what units are to be analyzed, see Chapter 7. 26. \"A SweetForetasteof Heaven\": Artists in the White Mountains, 1830-1930, with essays by Robert L. McGrath and Barbara]. MacAdam (Hanover, N.H.: Hood Museum of Art, 1988). 27. Langridge, SubjectAnalysis, p. 45. 28. American Library Association, Association for Library Collections and Technical Services, Subject Analysis Committee, Definition of FormData,]an- uary 1993. Available: http://www.pitt.edu/-agtaylor/ala/form-def.htm.

for Next Generation Catalogers,\" institute held 17-19 November 1997, Dub- lin, Ohio. (Observations of author, who was in attendance.) 2. F. W. Lancaster, Indexing and Abstracting in Theoryand Practice,3rd ed. (Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and In- formation Science, 2003), p. 9. 3. D. W. Langridge, Subject Analysis: Principles and Procedures (London: Bowker~aur, 1989),pp. 73-98,136. 4. Ibid., p. 57. 5. Ibid., pp. 8-10. 6. Patrick Wilson, \"Subjects and the Sense of Position,\" in Two Kinds of Power:An Essay on BibliographicalControl (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968), pp. 69-92. Also reprinted in Theoryof SubjectAnalysis: A Source- book,eds. Lois Mai Chan, Phyllis A. Richmond, and Elaine Svenonius (Lit- tleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1985), pp. 309-320. 7. George Lakoff, Women,Fire, and Dangerous Things: What CategoriesReveal About the Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), pp. 24-26. 8. Langridge, SubjectAnalysis, p. 4. 9. Wilson, \"Subjects and the Sense of Position,\" pp. 78-88. 10. Lourdes Y. Collantes, \"Agreement in Naming Objects and Concepts for Information Retrieval\" (Ph.D. diss., Rutgers University, 1992), p. 154. 11. Oliver L. Lilley, \"Evaluation of the Subject Catalog: Criticisms and a Proposal,\" American Documentation 5, no. 2 (1954): 41-60. 12.. Collantes, \"Agreement in Naming Objects,\" p. 154. ~'.. For example: Regene C. Ross, Ch~ir, Task Force on C.opy Cataloging, L\\fport of the Task Forceon Copy Catalogzng,May 12, 1993, cIted by Thomas Mann, in '''Cataloging Must Change!' and Indexer Consistency Studies: Mis- reading the Evidence at Our Peril,\" Cataloging & ClassificationQuarterly23, nos. 3/4 (1997): 37-38. 14. Langridge, SubjectAnalysis, p. 9. 15. Richard W. Unger, The Art of Medieval Technology:Images of Noah the Shipbuilder(New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1991). 16. Patricia]. Barnett, \"Indexing with the AAr.\" in Guide to Indexing and Catalogingwith the Art & Architecture Thesaurus, eds. Toni Petersen and Pa- tricia]. Barnett (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 33-40.

NOTES All URLs accessed July 2003. 1. OCLC Institute, \"Knowledge Ac ..

ccess Management: Tools and Concepts

5. Charles A. Cutter, Rules for a D D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1 sociation, 1962), p. 12. 6. A.L.A. Rulesfor Filing Catalog Ca ation, 1942). 7. ALA Rulesfor Filing Catalog Card Association, 1968). 8. ALA Filing Rules (Chicago: Ameri

Dictionary Catalog, 4th ed. (Washington, 1904; reprint, London: The Library As- ards (Chicago: American Library Associ- ds, 2nd ed. (Chicago: American Library , ican Library Association, 1980).

NOTES All URLs accessed July 2003. 1. The various editions of the Cutter tables) are available from Libraries Un 2., For more explanation of call num Introduction to Cataloging and Classific David P. Miller (Englewood, Colo.: L 331. 3. International Federation of Library Libraries: Metadata &sources. Latest re http://www.ifla.org/II/metadata.htm. 4. Gerry McKiernan, Beyond Bookmar March 2001. Available: http://www.p CTW.html.

tables (including the Cutter-Sanborn nlimited, Inc. mbers, see Arlene G. Taylor, WynarJ- cation, 9th ed., with the assistance of Libraries Unlimited, 1992), pp. 324- y Associations and Institutions, Digital evision 3 February 2003. Available: rks: Schemesfor Organizing the Web, 22 public.iastate.edu/ -CYBERSTACKS/