health science flip book

Health Science Flip Book Emme Hammes

Integumentary system What is the function? The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses. The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses. 2

Integumentary Vocabulary system epidermis = outer layer of skin 3 Key Terms dermis = connective tissue layer below epidermis derm/o, dermat/o = skin hypodermis = made of adipose connects kerat/o = horny, hard skin to muscles xer/o = dry keratin = fiber protein (hair, skin, nails) xanth/o = yellow callus = thicken portion of skin erythr/o = red, blood cells melanin = pigment that gives skin color pedicu/o = lice melanocyte = cells that produce melanin onych/o = nails malignant melanoma = skin cancer myc/o = abnormal condition albinism = absence of pigmentation pil/o = hair sebum = fatty or oily secretion lip/o = fat rhytid/o = wrinkle albin/o = white

Integumentary Diseases and Disorders system Scabies = tiny mites burrow below the skin causing skin to become irritated Psoriasis = patches of raised red bumps covered with flaking scales Melanoma = least common yet most deadly form of skin cancer Rosacea = persistent blushing and burning feeling of the skin Health Care Careers Plastic Surgeon = perform operations that change the appearance or look of a part of a patient's body Cosmetologist = working in the health and beauty field, takes care of hair, skin, and nails 4

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Musculoskeletal system What is the function? Primarily, the roles of the musculoskeletal system are movement and support, but the system also performs functions such as stability, storage of salts, and formation and supply of new blood cells 6

Musculoskeletal system Key Terms Vocabulary my/o = muscle bursa = sac of fluid near joint myel/o = spinal cord, bone calcium = mineral constituent of bone marrow cancellous bone = spongy, porous bone tissue oste/o = bone cartilage = flexible connective tissue cost/o = rib collagen = dense connective tissue protein crani/o = cranium, skull strands in bones and tissue -pexy = to bind/attach flexión = bending a limb chondr/o = cartilage origin of a muscle = connection of a muscle to arthr/o = joint a stationary bone -plegia = paralysis, stroke meniscus = cartilage between surface of joints kinesi/o = movement osseous tissue = bone tissue ossification = process of bone formation 7

Musculoskeletal Diseases and Disorders system arthritis = any disorder that affects joints, symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness carpal tunnel syndrome = disorder of the hand caused by pressure on the nerves, symptoms include numbness and darting pains from the wrist tendinitis = inflammation or irritation of a tendon bursitis = inflammation of the fluid filled sacs that cushion the joints Health Care Careers 8 physical therapist = doctor who diagnoses and treats people who have injuries, medical problems or other health-related conditions that limit their ability to function and move properly in their daily lives Orthopedic Surgeons = involves the treatment of musculoskeletal system disorders

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Nervous system What is the function? The nervous system is responsible for coordinating movement of the body parts and perceiving and responding to the senses. This means the nervous system is to receive information and generate a response to the given stimulus 10

Nervous system Vocabulary Key Terms central nervous system = brain and spinal cord somatic nervous system = controls voluntary neur/o = nerve activities encephal/o = brain peripheral nervous system = nerves myel/o = spinal cord throughout body ambul/o = walk autonomic nervous system = regulates -esthesia = sensibility involuntary actions mening = treatment of illness neurons = cells transmit electrical messages psych = mind, mental axon = end of neuron concuss = to injure by concussion myelin = fatty insulation surrounding nerves nerve cell body = location of the nucleus in a neuron 11 stimuli = changes inside and outside the body neurotransmitters = chemicals released by neurons

Nervous system diseases alzheimer's = brain disorder that causes problems with memory and behavior parkinson’s = progressive disorder marked by muscle tremors and decreased mobility tourettes = a tic disorder characterized by chronic vocal and motor tics multiple sclerosis = immune system eats away at the protective covering of the nerves healthcare careers neurologist = doctor who determines and treats nervous system disorders neurosurgeon = a doctor who performs surgeries on areas of the nervous system 12

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Special Senses What is the function? The senses connect humans to the real world, allowing them to interpret what is happening around them and respond accordingly. 14

Special Senses Key Terms Vocabulary irid/o = iris of the eye special sense receptors = sensory organs -cusis = human body components eyelids = protects the eyes -opia = visual condition canthus = corners of the eyes ot/o = ear, hearing lysozyme = enzyme that destroys bacteria tympan/o = relationship to the cerumen (earwax) = traps foreign bodies eardrum external acoustic meatus = auditory canal opthalm/o = eye anosmias = loss of chemical senses metry- = process of measuring taste buds = specific receptors that sense taste papillae = covers dorsal tongue surface sensation = process of detecting stimuli 15

Special Senses disorders color blindness = decreased ability to see color and difference in color hearing loss = any degree of impairment of the ability to hear, deafness blindness = the inability to see anything ageusia = loss of taste functions in the tongue health care careers optometrist = specializes in vision and eye care services otolaryngologist = specializes in ear, throat, and nose care 16

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cardiovascular system What is the function The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a system of the body comprised of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. This system is responsible for transporting blood. As the cardiovascular system moves blood throughout the body, cells receive oxygen and nutrients. 18

cardiovascular Vocabulary system aorta = largest artery in the body Key Terms arteriole = small artery artery = largest type of blood vessel cardi/o = heart atrium = two upper chambers of the heart angi/o = suture repair of a vessel capillary = smallest blood vessel hemat/o = relating to blood coronary arteries = blood vessels that branch from the brady- slow aorta carry oxygen rich blood to the heart tachy- fast diastole = relaxation phase of heartbeat thromb/o = blood clot electrocardiogram = record of electricity flow through -emia = blood heart leuk/o = white, leukemia endocardium = inner lining of the heart erythr = reddish color endothelium = inner lining of blood vessel arteri/o = artery 19

cardiovascular system diseases arrhythmia = electrical impulses to the heart aren’t working properly, irregular heartbeat congestive heart failure = heart doesn’t pump enough blood, which causes the buildup of water in the lungs coronary artery disease = arteries get clogged, and the flow of blood to the heart is reduced cardiac arrest = another name for heart attack health care careers cardiovascular technician = assists surgeons with with procedures cardiologist = doctor who specializes in the study of heart conditions 20

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respiratory system What is the function the respiratory system is the network of organs and tissue that aid in breathing. This system helps your body absorb oxygen and cleans waste gases 22

respiratory Vocabulary system nasal cavity = cavity behind the nose Key terms larynx = voice box trachea = one of the tubes forming the bronch/o = related to the bronchi respiratory system cyan/o = blue bronchi = passages that branch from the laryng/o = related to the larynx trachea -oxia = oxygen lungs = two spongy organs, responsible for oxy- = containing oxygen respiration pleur/o = rib bronchioles = tubular branches of the pneum/o = lungs, air, or gas airways pulmon/o = lungs alveoli = tiny sacs transfer air to blood thorac/o = thorax, chest cilia = moves cells through its surroundings trache/o = trachea, windpipe mucus = protective secretion breathing = passing of oxygen 23

respiratory 24 system diseases asthma = airways narrow and swell making it difficult to breathe lung cancer = uncontrolled growth of cells in tissues of the lungs pulmonary fibrosis = lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred cystic fibrosis = production of abnormally thick mucus, causing blockage and a respiratory infection health care careers respiratory therapist = used medical technology to care for patients with respiratory disorders pulmonary function technologist = work under a doctor to deliver respiratory care services to patients

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digestive system What is the function? The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive system is divided into two major parts: The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and the anus. 26

digestive system Vocabulary Key Terms oral cavity = involved of the breakdown of food tongue = organ in the mouth that aids in cholecyst/o = gallbladder digestion enter/o = intestine pharynx = common passage of food and air col/o, colon/o = colon stomach = where digestion begins hepat/o = liver esophagus = passage food passes through gastr/o = stomach, small and large small intestine = water absorption, organ that intestines receives bile and pancreatic juice or/o = mouth colon = organ involved in water absorption and -pepsia = relating to digestion feces formation chol/e = condition of gallstones anal canal = area in which feces leaves the body proct/o = anus and rectum large intestine = transmit useless food from the body pancreas = makes digestive chemicals 27

digestive system diseases ulcers = open sores that develop on the walls of the esophagus and stomach gastritis = digestive disease caused by bacterial infection celiac disease = gluten intolerance constipation = infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing hard, dry stool health care careers gastroenterology = covers the entire spectrum of digestive tract diseases and disorders digestive health nursing = Digestive health-care nurses are trained to understand digestive conditions in all of the individual parts of the digestive system 28

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Urinary system What is the function Your urinary system, also called the renal system or urinary tract, removes waste from your blood in the form of urine. It also helps regulate your blood volume and pressure, and controls the level of chemicals and salts 30

urinary system Vocabulary Key Terms calyx = part of the renal pelvis through which urine passes -cele = relating to hernia or swelling from the renal tubules -lysis = destruction cyst/o = cyst renal capsule = external aspect of the kidney, outside nephr/o = relating to the kidney ren/o = kidney layer; connective tissue keeping substances inside. -uria = urine abnormality -pexy = surgical repair adipose capsule = fatty mass that cushions the kidney and -ectasis = dilation pyel/o = pelvis helps attach it to the body wall renal cortex = the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules renal medulla = Inner tissue layer of the kidney medullary pyramids = triangular pyramid of segments of the medulla apex = the highest point renal columns = columns between renal pyramids renal pelvis = funnel in the outlet of the kidney renal artery = supplies kidney and ureter 31

urinary system diseases renal disease = renal failure, elevated levels of urea and creatinine in the blood nephroptosis = kidney drops down to the pelvis when the patient stands up PKD = damages the liver and pancreas, presence of multiple cysts prostate disorder = frequent urination, pain during urination, frequent pain in the pelvic and rectal area health care careers urology = provides medical and surgical management for disorders in the urinary tract gynecologist = specialize in care for female health problems 32

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reproductive system What is the function Human reproductive system, organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring 34

reproductive Vocabulary system seminiferous tubules =the area within the testes responsible for Key Terms sperm production interstitial cell = the area within the testes responsible for sperm cervic/o = relating to the cervix production salping/o = uterine tube meiosis = reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell from 46 ov/o = egg to 23 orchid/o = testical prostate fluid = male fluid that alkalinizes the female vagina oophor/o = ovary oogenesis = ovum formation men/o = menstruation ovulation = the monthly release of a mature ovum from an ovary mamm/o = breast cervix = the neck of the uterus gynec/o = medical doctor for endometrium = the innermost layer of the uterus women myometrium =the muscular layer of the uterus colp/o = vagina perimetrium = the outermost layer of the uterus prostat/o = male gland 35

reproductive system diseases cervical erosion = cells form from the inside of the cervical canal known as the glandular amenorrhea = the absence of menstruation cervicitis = inflammation of the cervix puerperal fever = bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth health care careers gynecologist = doctor who specializes in care for female health problems embryologist = assists patients with reproductive issues 36

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