Learning Web Technologies

Teacher’s EditionLearningWebTechnologiesJim MaivaldCheryl Brumbaugh-Duncan

Chapter 1 THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB 66 LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES

Chapter Overview CHAPTER 1 In this chapter, you’ll learn how to do the following: OVERVIEW • Compare the Internet to the World Wide Web Students learn about the Internet and the • Describe the history and hardware that makes up the Internet World Wide Web in this chapter. • Understand the organization of the Internet • Distinguish the Internet from a WAN In this chapter students are provided an over- • List organizations that manage the Internet view of the Internet and the Word Wide Web. • Understand the various documents and resources that make up the The chapter covers the concepts, technology, hardware and tools, history and careers as an World Wide Web introduction to Web Technologies. It lays a foundation for the concepts and technology • Compare and contrast the Internet and the telephone system covered throughout this book. Briefly discuss • List and explore careers for managing the Internet and the Web the following objectives: • Distinguish between Internet Protocol addresses and domain names • Explain how domain names are organized • Compare the Internet to the World • Identify the different parts of a URL • Describe how to find an owner of a domain name Wide Web • Explore Career Clusters • Identify traits of successful employees • Describe the history and hardware that 7 makes up the InternetFOCUS AND ENGAGE • Understand the organization of theIntroduce the Chapter Internet• Discuss the Internet and its benefits for societies around the world. • Distinguish the Internet from a WAN• Have students discuss the Internet’s ability to link people around the world.• Have students read this chapter. • List organizations that manage the• Review the key terms. Internet • Understand the various documents and resources that make up the World Wide Web • Compare and contrast the Internet and the telephone system • List and explore careers for managing the Internet and the Web • Distinguish between Internet Protocol addresses and domain names • Explain how domain names are organized • Identify the different parts of a URL • Describe how to find an owner of a domain name • Explore Career Clusters • Identify traits of successful employees LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES 7

THE INTERNET AND Chapter 1 The Internet and World Wide WebWORLD WIDE WEB The Internet and World Wide WebIdentify a diagram of the Internet and itsreach around the world. You can use the Synonymous Before beginning to learn Dreamweaver CC it is a good idea to take a step back andfigure of the Internet on this page. If possible, really understand how the Internet and the World Wide Web work.display that to the students to visually stimu- The same or equiva-late discussion on the chapter concepts. lent in meaning. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are used interchangeably today but the “Internet” is not a term synonymous with “World Wide Web.” The two are entirelyDISCUSS different entities but reliant on each other for global functionality, interactivity and communications.• Have students discuss the diagram and the The Internet is a series of networks connected to each other by systems similar to Internet’s ability to link computer users our telephone networks: copper wires, fiber-optic cables, and wireless connections, from distinct locations and from around as well as billions and millions of computers and connectivity hardware like servers, the world. computers, routers, and modems make up the Internet. The Internet is the hard- ware backbone for the World Wide Web.• Ask students to brainstorm a list of The World Wide Web, often referred to as WWW or the Web, is the collection benefits that such computer contact can of web resources, webpages and websites, e-mail, and applications that can be bring to society. accessed online. The Web is made up of documents and other resources, such as applications, videos, animations, and audio. These web resources are stored onREVIEW THE servers and accessible via a URL or web address like http://www.youtube.com. TheVOCABULARY Web runs on top of the Internet.Synonymous: The same or equivalent WAN Today, the Internet includes millions of servers and connection all over the globe.in meaning.WAN: Short for Wide Area Network, a WAN Short for Wide Area The Internet: A Network of Networksis a network of computers that covers a large Network, a WAN is ageographical area. Typically a WAN includes network of comput- The Internet connects people all over the world through a huge network of com-both publicly and privately owned networks. ers that covers a puter systems and servers. The U.S. government and university researchers began large geographical the Internet to share information. Since then, it has turned into one of the most area. Typically a exciting inventions in history. WAN includes both publicly and privately As more and more people use the Internet, the demand for user-friendly online owned networks. services has also grown and created new business opportunities. Additionally, electronic mail and instant messaging services have changed the way people meet and stay in touch with one another. People online can work together on projects in different locations, sharing information as if they were in the same office. 8 LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES8 LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES

The Internet and World Wide Web Chapter 1 HISTORY OF THE INTERNETLike many networks, the Internet is made up of connected client and server computers that use Clientprotocols to communicate. Discuss the Internet and its benefits for Clients are the com- societies around the world.History of the Internet puters that request services from a server. ORGANIZATION OFIn the 1960s, people were working on ideas that later became the Internet. In 1969, When you connect THE INTERNETthe first four major computer centers in the United States were linked. By 1973, to the Internet, thethe network was international. In 1983, the Internet protocols went online for the computer you use is Create a diagram that shows a computer asfirst time. Two major groups worked on the development of the Internet: the U.S. considered a client. part of a school’s LAN, which is part of amilitary and university researchers. Like other networks, WAN linked to WANs throughout the coun- the Internet uses try and in other parts of the world.U.S. Military: In the 1960s, the U.S. government wanted to find a way to com- protocols—the setsmunicate in the event of a disaster or military attack. The military began to work of rules that allow • Describe how the three main parts of theon a system that would operate even if some communication connections were clients and servers todestroyed. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. communicate. Client Internet work together.Department of Defense focused on computer networking and communications. is one componentIn 1968, this research led to a network of connected computer centers called the of the client-server • Explain the advantages and disadvantagesAdvanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). architecture. of the organization of the Internet.University Researchers: With the military’s leadership and funding, DARPA Serverformed computing research centers at universities across the United States. From • Identify organizations responsible for1969 through 1987, the number of computers on the network increased from A computer or com-4 to more than 10,000. These connections created the networks that became puter program that setting standards for the Internet.the Internet. serves up information based on requests it REVIEW THEOrganization of the Internet receives from other VOCABULARY client computers orThe Internet is a global WAN, a network of networks. It connects everything from software on the net- Client: Clients are the computers that requestsingle computers to large networks. The Internet can even connect computers that work. Internet servers services from a server. When you connect torun different operating systems. This ability to share information with almost any are the computers the Internet, the computer you use is con-computer makes the Internet a powerful tool for communication. The Internet is that provide services sidered a client. Like other networks, themade up of three important parts: servers, clients, and protocols. These three to other computers by Internet uses protocols—the sets of rules thatcomponents make up what is called a client-server architecture. way of the Internet. allow clients and servers to communicate. These services include Client is one component of the client-server processing e-mail, architecture. storing webpages, or helping send files Server: A computer or computer program from one computer that serves up information based on requests to another. Common it receives from other client computers or servers used today are software on the network. Internet serv- web hosting servers, ers are the computers that provide services mail servers, database to other computers by way of the Internet. servers, print servers, These services include processing e-mail, file servers, gaming storing webpages, or helping send files from servers and applica- one computer to another. Common serv- tion servers. Servers ers used today are web hosting servers, mail are the other compo- servers, database servers, print servers, file nent of the client- servers, gaming servers and application serv- server architecture. ers. Servers are the other component of the client-server architecture. Protocols Protocols: A group of rules that regulate the A group of rules that format of information that is accessible via regulate the format the Internet. of information that is accessible via the LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES 9 Internet.LEARNING WEB TECHNOLOGIES 9