body systems

Body Systems By Hamsa Madhira Teacher : Ms Stubbfield Health Science 2A 1 Take me to the table of contents

Table of Contents Topic Pg no. 1. Integumentary System 3 2. Musculoskeletal 3. Nervous 4. Special Senses 5. Cardiovascular 6. Respiratory 7. Digestive 8. Urinary 9. Reproductive 2 Take me to the table of contents

Integumentary System Key Word: Integumentary​: means pertaining or relating to an e​ nveloping​ or external​ l​ ayer​ or covering. Definition and Function ​: The Integumentary System is a vital body system that consists of skin, hair, nails and exocrine glands. The system provides an external covering for the body structure and protects the human body from many foreign bodies and potentially harmful substances. Its many functions include to protect the human body, regulate body temperature, secrete waste products, and retain bodily fluids. Important Vocabulary: - Nails plate (corpus unguis) : the hard part of our nail is called the nail plate or the corpus unguis. It is translucent and rich in keratin protein. - Nail cuticle: The nail cuticle is a layer of clear skin located along the bottom edge of your finger or toe or the nail bed. Its function is to protect new nails from bacteria when they grow out from the nail root. - Hair (lanugal) : a thin strand of threadlike outgrowth that is rich in keratin. It grows throughout the body, however is mostly observed on the scalp. 3 Take me to the table of contents

- Hair Follicle: This is responsible for producing hair. As part of their hair-producing role, hair follicles retain stem cells, promote cell growth and tissue invasion. It also helps anchor the hair to the skin. - Skin: The skin is the outer covering of the body.It protects the body from differing atmospheres. While the layer of skin that we see on each other every day is called epidermis, there are actually two other layers. - Epidermis: It is the outermost layer of the skin that protects the skin from UV radiation, infection, and aids in getting rid of waste by-products. - Dermis: It is the middle layer of skin cells. It cushions the body from stress and strain, and provides elasticity to the skin. The dermis is the main layer of tissues that helps us develop a sense of touch. - Hypodermis: The hypodermis is the bottom most layer of the skin. It is constituted of adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the skin. - Epithelial: refers and relates to a thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body's surface. - Exocrine glands: Glands that secrete substances to the epithelial surface by a duct. These often help us get rid of waste by-products including sweat, oils, saliva, and mucous1. - Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands ): These are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. - Oil glands ( Sebaceous glands ): They secrete a substance called sebum and other oils in the body. Diseases​: - Acne: It is one of the most common types of skin disorders. Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles plug with oil and dead skin cells2. - Psoriasis: A skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal3. 1 Freeman, S. (2019, May 14). Physiology, Exocrine Gland. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542322/ 2Acne | Blackheads | Pimple | Zits. (2019, October 23). Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html 3 Jaliman, D. (2019, June 25). Psoriasis: Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/psoriasis/understanding-psoriasis-basics 4 Take me to the table of contents

- Head lice infestation: An infestation of head lice is a common integumentary infection that affects children the most. It usually results from the direct transfer of lice from the hair of one person to the hair of another. - Albinism: These are a group of rare genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. It is caused by the deficiency of melanin4. Careers:​ - Plastic surgeons: They perform operations that change the partial or complete appearance of a person. Unlike cosmetologists who only perform surgeries for those with a preference like a nose job pr face lift, plastic surgeons perform reconstructive surgeries of patients that have injuries in a severe accident or who have birth defects. - Anesthesiologists: Anesthesiologists look into the medical speciality concerned with the preoperative care, operative, post operative care of patients during a surgery. 4 Solan, R. (1980, July 09). Albinism: Causes, Types, and Symptoms. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.healthline.com/health/albinism 5 Take me to the table of contents