2018 AgroSummaryNotes

Chesterville 2018 Cobourg Ingersoll Agronomy Chatham Meeting Highlights

• Banding is more efficient than broadcasting, as long as your carbon penalty is taken care of • Know your risk of loss B&M Crop Consulting, Inc. – Missy Bauer1) Corn Nitrogen Management to Maximize Profitability 4 R’s of Nitrogen Management • Right Product • Right Rate • Right Timing • Right Placement Nitrogen Timing & Placement • Environment sets the tone for timing o Crop Rotation o Tillage • Timing sets the tone for placement • Placement sets the tone for picking the sources • Residue breakdown, feed microbes, reduce immobilization o Broadcast nitrogen  Fall or Early Spring  AMS - (125-150 lb/ac, ~25-30 lb N/ac) o Weed-n-Feed/Pre-plant broadcast  Just prior to planting or pre-emergence  28% (32%) or Urea/AMS  Stabilizers/Inhibitors • Starter Fertilizer Band • Sidedress Band o Improve tip fill • Late Season Nitrogen?? o Y Drops, airplane, fertigation o Nitrogen loss conditions o Have hybrids changed? • Rescue treatments Summary • Your nitrogen program should be designed to keep the crops needs met all the way to black layer • Early season nitrogen deficiencies lead to loss of yield potential • Late season deficiency leads to yield loss • From emergence to thigh high--inches matter--placement is crucial • Banding is more efficient than broadcasting, as long as your carbon penalty is taken care of • Know your risk of loss B&M Crop Consulting, Inc. – Missy Bauer

• Banding is more efficient than broadcasting, as long as your carbon penalty is taken care of • Know your risk of loss B&M Crop Consulting, Inc. – Missy Bauer2) 1. Stand & Ear Counts a. Measure off 1/1000th Acre i. 30\" Rows = 17'5\" = 1/1000th Acre ii. 36\" Rows = 14'6\" = 1/1000th Acre b. Count the number of plants c. Count the number of harvestable ears d. Ear count loss i. Late emergence, stalk diameter, spacing, etc. e. Potential grain yield losses: i. Loss of 1000 ears/acre = 5 to 7 Bu/ac ii. Loss of 2000 ears/acre = 10 to 14 Bu/ac 2. Picket Fence Stand a. Doubles (meter issue) b. Misplaced (planting speed, parallel arms, planter levelness) c. Skips d. Standard Deviation i. Measure of variability ii. 2 or less 3. Photo Copies a. Uneven germination & emergence b. Delayed plants i. Cannot compete with older more established plants ii. Don’t contribute much to yield c. More than a collar behind probably a non-harvestable ear d. Seeds must germinate with 48 hours of one another e. Why corn germinates unevenly i. Uneven planting depth ii. Moisture variability iii. Temperature variability iv. Poor seed to soil contact v. Pinched residue vi. Poorly adjusted planter (down pressure, gauge wheels, closing wheels) vii. Poor seedbed viii. Insect or disease damage 4. Planter Levelness a. Check the main toolbar while planter is in ground and moving b. Adjust hitch height up or down 5. Planting Depth a. Minimum 1 ¾\", Preference to 2\" to 2 ¼\" B&M Crop Consulting, Inc. – Missy Bauer

3) Overcoming Soil Compaction Peter Johnson, Real Agriculture1.Loss of porosity and pore continuity continues to put yields at risk and increases the need for tile drainage and splitting current tiles.2.Ideal surface soils should have 50% of the soil volume occupied by pore space.3.Soil compaction at the soil surface is influenced significantly by inflation pressure.4.Producers should be careful to know axle loads, know speeds of operation, understand tire specifications and adjust inflation pressures accordingly!5.Systems now exist for doing field edge inflation pressure adjustment to allow for lower pressure on equipment when travelling at slower speeds in the field.6.Deep soil compaction is more influenced by total axle load, so reducing axle load or adding more axles can help to mitigate deep soil compaction. Soil Compaction = Reduction in Porosity 2.5 bar pre post impact impactSource: Brunotte et al., vTI @WheatPete

Road: 40 psi (2.75 Bar)Field: 15 psi (1.03 Bar)Source: IFAO Compaction Action Day, 2017 @WheatPeteRoad Setting (40 PSI) Field Setting (15 PSI) Pressure Sensed in the Soil Rear Front Rear Front 25.4 psi (1.75 Bar) 13.8 psi (0.95 Bar) 15.2 psi (1.05 Bar) 14.5 psi (1.0 Bar) 9.4 psi (0.65 Bar) 10.2 psi (0.7 Bar) 6” (Topsoil) 23.9 psi (1.65 Bar) 8.7 psi (0.6 Bar) 5.8 psi (0.4 Bar) 5.8 psi (0.4 Bar) 12” (Subsoil) 13.0 psi (0.9 Bar)20” (Drainage) 7.25 psi (0.5 Bar)Source: IFAO Compaction Action Day, 2017 @WheatPete

4) Corn Fertility Management Bryan Cook - Cropland Consulting Inc.Nitrogen is a good news story in corn production• Maximum Economical Rate of Nitrogen (MERN)• 5 year average MERN is 134lbs/ac. in Eastern Ontario• 0.7lbs of N/bushel of corn• Equates to growing 200 bu corn with 140 lbs/acre of applied N• Soil Nitrate testing continues to add guidance to sidedress N rates OMAFRA Recommendations (see below) now include yield expectation but may need some local (eastern Ontario) calibrating/adjusting.Corn Fertility is more than NCorn Fertilizing Strategies are changing:• 40-70lbs of N upfront + split the rest in crop• Liquid only on planters is the going trend• Fertilizing for crop removal• More attention to Sulphur requirements• Zone tillage with fall broadcast application incorporation• Lime applicationPSNT Recommendations Based on Yield Expectations and Soil Nitrate Values. OMAFRA Pub. 811 Table 1-19

5) Non GMO Corn Bryan Cook - Cropland Consulting Inc.As commodity TpRriAceITsEfDallC, OmRaNrket opportunities becNoOmNe-GmMorOe CatOtrRaNctive.Weed ~ $8 (glyphosate alone) $38ControlInsects Rootworm, Armyworm, Below ground: Rootworm European Corn Borer (ECB) suppression via seed treatmentsStorage Control via seed treatment and Above ground: Foliar application isField genetic traits. only mode of controlSelection Deliver at harvest is an option, Deferred delivery only option at storage not a requirement. this time. Segregated storage required. No buffer zones and Field buffer is required between segregation required. traited and non-GMO corn for cross pollination contamination control.Non-GMO Corn Profit PotentialPrice Premium ($35/tonne) & Seed Cost Saving $170Less Yield Penalty $ 25Less Extra Herbicide $ 20Management Cost $ 10Additional Weed Potential In Following Crops $5 $110/acre NetAdditional storage and trucking ($50??)What if you don’t make grade?

6) Making Strip Till Work Michael Schouten - Richmond ONWhy Do we Spring Strip Till?Too busy in the fallToo wet/frozenAccelerate soil warmingFall strips not fit for planting after winterAchieve starter effect with fertilizer in stripsAble to put some N fertilizer in the stripFertility?Fertilize in both cropping systemsVariable rate for crop removalFertilize for removal P-K-SApply 30-50 lbs N, side-dress remainder (Corn) One Pass Spring (After Soybeans) Source: Michael Schouten

Strip Tillage for Corn and Soys: Corn: One pass in the Spring - 5 inches deep Put down all fertility 2 inches below seed Side-dress remaining Nitrogen Naked planter 1. No row cleaners 2. No down force 3. No fertilizer Soys: One pass in the Spring - 5.5 inches deep Put down all fertility 4 inches below seed Plant with planter 30 inch soybeans vs narrow rows Max yield potential = 100k live stand + full canopy closure by R3 Increase canopy closure rate: 1. Variety 2. Planting Date 3. Tillage 4. Starter• We are trying cover crops too.• Apply overtop with side-dress applicator- Valmar 8611• Corn: Apply at 8-10 leaf • Tillage radish • Annual ryegrass • Crimson clover • Oats• A work in progress! Source: Michael Schouten

7) Maizex Intensive Hybrid Management Leigh Hudson, Chadd Taylor, Adam Parker, Chuck Belanger• Multi-site, multi year research effort to evaluate Maizex hybrids under Standard versus Intensive Management Standard Management is generally 32,000 PPA population, 150 lbs• N/acre and No Foliar Fungicide; Intensive Management implies 37,000 PPA population, 200 lbs N/acre and Priaxor or Headline AMP applied at VT stage (tassel). In 2017 we also examined the yield impact of a single factor i.e. raise N• rate only versus the complete Intensive package. 2017 data demonstrated that on average fungicide alone provided more yield increase than either N alone or Population alone. (see Yield Results...) The results to date have allowed us to score all of our main hybrids as to• how aggressively they respond to the Intensive Management option (see Intensive Management Guidelines…) This efforts seeks to inform growers how best to deploy inputs based on• environmental factors and their knowledge of how hybrids respond.• Numerous field scale sites “test” hybrids to see how they will respond to intensive management. (see Listowel and Woodstock...) Yield Results from Intensive Management Research Sites in 2017 Management Sites (averaged over 8 hybrids at each site) Corn Yield (bu/ac) Intensive Standard Elora Exeter Dresden Average Increase over Fungicide and and and (2017 Standard Only Waterloo Sites) Nitrogen 230 Belmont Ridgetown Management Only 220 Population 231 261 241 14 Only 226 219 240 226 - 220 228 255 236 10 222 224 249 231 5 221 248 230 4

Intensive Management Breakeven/Payback • Seed @+5,000 seeds/acre = $20.00 (4.3 Bushels/acre) • Nitrogen @ +50 lbs/acre = $24.50 (5.3 Bushels/acre) • Fungicide + Application = $17.42 + $10.00 = $27.42 (5.9 Bushels/acre) • Total Intensive Package = $71.92 (15.6 Bushels/acre) Based on: Seed = $320.00 /80K unit, Nitrogen (UAN) = $300/MT Fungicide (Headline Amp) = $17.42/acreNitrogen and Fungicide Influential Factors • FNuitnrgoigceidneDDeeccisisioionnbbyyJuJunley 2105-July 1 • Actual May /June rainfall (In Season records) • Yield Potential • Soil Nitrate Testing • Disease Pressure • Confidence in Hybrid Knowledge • Canopy Density

Listowel Agronomy Site 2017MZ3033DBR Intensive 245 Standard 238 IM Rating = 5MZ2810DBR Intensive 255 IM Rating = 8 Standard 217 150 200 250 300Woodstock Agronomy Site 2017MZ3522DBR Intensive 244 Standard 240 IM Rating = 4 268MZ3964DBR Intensive 251 IM Rating = 8 Standard 250 300 150 200

Maizex Intensive Hybrid Management Guidelines 2018In 2015-2017 extensive testing of Maizex hybrids took place to evaluate the levels of responsefor each hybrid under standard versus intensive management. Those scores are listed below.Additional comments are added in regards to population, nitrogen and fungicide that will help toclarify the management for each hybrid or combinations of hybrids.Hybrid Response Management Additional to Intensive Priorities Considerations Management1 Score (0-10)2MZ 2655DBR 3 Target populations of Excels in variable (low toMZ 2810DBR 32-35K. Less likely to moderate) yield environments.MZ 2812SMX respond to additional N or Combine with MZ 2810DBR forMZ 3033DBR fungicide. added yield potential.MZ 3066DBR 8 Target populations of Excels in high yieldMZ 3202SMX 33-36 K. Less likely to environments. Combine with respond to fungicide. MZ 3033DBR for a robust yield package. 8 Target populations of Excels in high yield 33-36 K. Less likely to environments. Combine with respond to fungicide. MZ 3033DBR for a robust yield package. 5 Less likely to respond to More top end yield than MZ higher populations. Will 3066DBR. respond to fungicides. 5 Does well across a Combine with MZ 3033DBR for wide range of yield increased plant health and yield environments; even in potential. tough going. Not as likely to respond to extra inputs. 6 Leading performance Maintains ear size in less across environments. favourable environments. Target populations of 30- 34 K; moderate response to additional N and fungicide.1 Intensive Management implies additional plant population (i.e. + 5,000 PPA), nitrogen (i.e. + 50 lbs N /acre) and withfungicide applications at VT (Tassel Stage); this was generally compared to a Standard Management package that hadinputs in the range of 30 - 32,000 plants per acre, 135-170 lbs of N/acre and no foliar fungicide applications.2 0 = No Response to Intensive Management; 10 = Very Large Response to Intensive Management

Maizex Intensive Hybrid Management Guidelines 2018 (continued)Hybrid Response Management Additional to Intensive Priorities Considerations Management1 Score (0-10)2MZ 3216DBR 3 Target populations of 32- Position in and south of 34 K; modest response to maturity zone for optimum fungicide. performance.MZ 3397SMX 7 Target populations of 33- Moves north and south well.MZ 3484SMX 36 K. Moderate responseMZ 3410DBR to fungicide.MZ 3522DBR 8 Target populations of Position with MZ 3397SMX forMZ 3611DBR 30-34 K; will respond to added plant health and stalkMZ 3656DBR additional N and fungicide. strength.MZ 3818DBR 4 Target populations of 32- Maintains ear size in tougher 34 K; moderate response environments. Position with to additional N. MZ 3964DBR for increased yield potential and response to inputs. 4 Target populations of 32- Maintains ear size in less 34 K; less likely to respond favourable environments. to N or fungicide. 5 Target populations of Excellent standability even in 30-33 K. More likely to tough conditions. Combine with respond to additional N MZ 3656DBR for greater yield than fungicide. potential. 8 Target populations of Excellent yields in-zone and 33-36 K; will respond to north; prefers higher yield additional N and fungicide. environments. 6 Target populations of Performs well in and south of 30-33 K; only moderate maturity zones; combine with response to fungicide and MZ 3964DBR to improve top additional N. end yields.1 Intensive Management implies additional plant population (i.e. + 5,000 PPA), nitrogen (i.e. + 50 lbs N /acre) and withfungicide applications at VT (Tassel Stage); this was generally compared to a Standard Management package that hadinputs in the range of 30 - 32,000 plants per acre, 135-170 lbs of N/acre and no foliar fungicide applications.2 0 = No Response to Intensive Management; 10 = Very Large Response to Intensive Management

Maizex Intensive Hybrid Management Guidelines 2018 (continued)Hybrid Response Management Additional to Intensive Priorities Considerations Management1 Score (0-10)2MZ 3964DBR 8 Target populations of High top end yield potential.MZ 4092DBR 34-36 K; match with Combine with MZ 3818DBRMZ 4280DBR additional N, fungicides for performance in tougher if necessary for stalk environments. strength. 6 High yields in average Excels in moderate to high yield to above average environments. Position with environments, average MZ 4280DBR to provide more response to inputs in good upside yield potential. conditions. 8 Target populations of 32- Flowers early, moves north well; 34 K. Responsive to inputs position with MZ 4525SMX on across yield environments. droughty soils.MZ 4107SMX 6 Target populations of Position in Eastern OntarioMZ 4343DBR 34-38 K. Response to and Quebec for optimumMZ 4368SMX increased N especially performance. at high populations. Less likely to respond to fungicide. 7 Target populations of Stable performance across all 32-34 K. Above average areas but especially in lower response to fungicide and yielding environments. Combine nitrogen inputs. with MZ 4676DBR for additional top end yield. 8 Target populations of 34- Moves south well; very solid 37 K. Responds well to a stalks. combination of additional N and fungicide.1 Intensive Management implies additional plant population (i.e. + 5,000 PPA), nitrogen (i.e. + 50 lbs N /acre) and withfungicide applications at VT (Tassel Stage); this was generally compared to a Standard Management package that hadinputs in the range of 30 - 32,000 plants per acre, 135-170 lbs of N/acre and no foliar fungicide applications.2 0 = No Response to Intensive Management; 10 = Very Large Response to Intensive Management

Maizex Intensive Hybrid Management Guidelines 2018 (continued)Hybrid Response Management Additional to Intensive Priorities Considerations Management1 Score (0-10)2MZ 4511DBR 6 Target populations of Superior performance north ofMZ 4525SMX 32-34 K. Above average zone in all yield environments.MZ 4676DBR response to fungicide. Spray with appropriate fungicide to reduce ear mould risk.MZ 5111DBRMZ 5165DBR 4 Extremely stable hybrid Stress tolerance helps maintain across yield environments, ear size under less favourable less likely to respond to environments. Keep in and extra inputs. south of maturity zone for optimum performance. 7 Extremely high yield Moves north of zone well potential at slightly although harvest moistures will elevated populations be somewhat elevated. (33-36 K). N and fungicide should be used to match yield potential. 7 Very high yield potential Leading yield potential across at standard populations low and high yield zones. (30-34 K), good response Maintain in zone for optimum to higher N or fungicide performance. applications. 8 Outstanding yield potential Excellent yield, stalks and plant at populations of 33-37 K. health. Responds well to fungicide and additional N.1 Intensive Management implies additional plant population (i.e. + 5,000 PPA), nitrogen (i.e. + 50 lbs N /acre) and withfungicide applications at VT (Tassel Stage); this was generally compared to a Standard Management package that hadinputs in the range of 30 - 32,000 plants per acre, 135-170 lbs of N/acre and no foliar fungicide applications.2 0 = No Response to Intensive Management; 10 = Very Large Response to Intensive Management

8) Roots Not IronPeter Johnson - Real Agriculture• Thames Valley SCIA project to Corn planted “green”. Bornholm May 2 , 2016 examine the impacts of continuous cover in a CSW rotation versus more standard practices.• Of particular interest is the idea of planting “green” into living cover crops in order to improve soil structure and tilth with roots instead on using tillage.• Some challenges exist with slot closure and achieving good seed- to-soil contact with corn in the plant green approach. Emergence uniformity and yields were negatively impacted (see below).• Significant interest exists in exploring the soil and crop benefits that may accrue to the continuous cover approach; other research has suggested 7 years to realize some of these improvements.#Roots Corn Yield Year Location No Cover Clover Plant 2016 Bornholm 203.1 201.0 Green 2016 Elmira 218.0 198.8 185.9 2016 Lucan (neonic) 225.8 223.2 199.6 2016 Lucan (Fung) 223.0 224.6 202.4 2017 Lucan 219.3 216.8 196.9 2017 Embro 224.3 215.3 195.9 2017 Dungannon 170.7 174.7 218.7 212.0 207.8 170.0 Average 218.9 214.2 195.6Average w/o Dungannon 198.9 219.1 217.3 Average w/o Elmira, 198.8 Dungannon @WheatPete

9) Benefits of Fall Weed Management Mike Cowbrough - OMAFRA 1. Improves control of perennial weeds. – Greater reduction in root/shoot biomass 2. Easier/earlier seed bed prep in the spring. 3. Later spring emergence of perennial weeds. – Crop put at a competitive advantageSprayed pre-soybean harvestPhoto courtesy of: Mike Russell ~10% higher grain yield

Fall Base Treatment = glyphosate 540 g/L at 1.34 L/acreWeed Tank-mix Rate /ac Cost PartnerDandelion No need --- ~$10/acCanada thistle + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/acPerennial + 2,4-D + 670 mL + ~$19/acSow-thistle + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/ac No need --- ~$10/acHorse-nettle + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/ac + Distinct + 115 g + ~$20.40/acFall Base Treatment = glyphosate 540 g/L at 1.34 L/acreWeed Tank-mix Rate /ac Cost PartnerGround cherry No need --- ~$10/ac + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/ac + 2,4-D + 670 mL + ~$19/acField bindweed + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/ac + Distinct + 115 g + ~$20.40/ac + dicamba + High rate + ~$22.50/acCanada fleabane + Distinct + 115 g + ~$20.40/ac + Eragon LQ + 60 mL + ~$23.50/ac

10) The How’s and Why’s of Strip Tillage Keith Reeds - Lindsay ON and Greg Stewart - Maizex Why’s 1) Increase corn yields over no-till, especially in challenging rotations like corn after wheat or corn after corn. 2) Increase planting timeliness compared to other reduced tillage systems 3) Provide an option for increasing fertilizer efficiencies in the strip over what could be achieved with broadcast fertilizer or planter applied bands. How’s 1) Fall strip tillage yields have been on average higher (4-5 bu/ac) than no-till when both systems are planted on the same day. 2) Fall strip tillage has shown to have row zone soil moistures lower and soil temperatures higher than no-till comparisons, this results in planting timeliness improvements of 1-3 days over not-till on soils that are loams or heavier. 3) Banding of fertilizer (P and K) in the fall behind shank style strip-tillers has not always resulted in higher yields than broadcast or planter banded fertilizers. Some of this has been due to having the fertilizer to far away from the seed, or not connected with a starter N source. This has been most noticeable on lower testing soils where the starter band in the spring has been more essential. Spring strip tillage systems where the fertilizer is mixed in the zone has been as efficient as planter bands.Keith Reeds - Lindsay OntarioKuhn Krause Gladiator Strip Tillage Unit with Montag Fertilizer TankRuns in both the Fall and SpringFall Fert. : 150 lbs 0-0-60; 50 MAP, 25 K MagSpring Fert. (prior to corn): 100 lbs AMS; 125MESZ; 30 ESNSpring Fert. (prior to soys): 50 lbs AMS; 125 MESZ; 30 Boron

For spring strip tillage Keith Reeds removes the shank and replaces it with a twin coulter system he had manufactured.Shank options for positioning thefertilizer at various depths relativeto the depth of tillage. Aims to keep fertilizer incorporated in the top 5” of soil

11) Soybean Management: Rolling and White Mould Control Horst Bohner - OMAFRARolling Soybeans Post Emergence: Rolling soybeans at the V1 stage can help tostimulate branching, pod number and possibly yield through early season stress.Small but real yield benefit to rolling right after emergence at V1 compared torolling right after seeding.Rolling once good; rolling twice deadly.Rolling a field with some residue is desirable. The roller rides over the corn residueacting as a cushion and helps to prevent sealing and less damage to emergingsoybeans. Mid day rolling best when plants are more wilted.Avoid rolling beans in early morning or late night when temps are cooler andbeans are more turgid “stiff”. (More prone to snapping)What is the best growth stage to roll for additional yield?

Yield Gains from Rolling (Ontario, 2017)Stage Bu/ac Adv.*1) Not rolled 60.52) Post Seeding 61.2 0.73) V1 62.6 2.14) V2 61.9 1.45) V3 60.0 - 0.5*4 Ontario trials, 3 replications, Least significant difference = 1.6 bu/ac, (P = 0.25) White Mould Suppression• If white mould is the primary yield limiting factor: – Reduce population (150 max) – Wider Rows (minimum of 15”) – Short varieties (less lodging) – Early maturing varieties – check white mould ratings – K only, no starters, etc. – No-till has much less white mould – Grow fewer soybeans – Plan on 2 applications of foliar fungicides

Fungicide Coverage Critical No fungicides move downward in soybeans. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a soilborne organism. Canopy penetration by sprayer critical. Uniform coverage is important. Early application is very important for white mould suppression (i.e 1 open flower on all plants, 1st application generally prior to R2)R2 R3 R4 Flower on Pod 3/16” long on Pod 3/4” long onupper 2 nodes upper 4 nodes upper 4 nodes

12) Uniformity in Corn Pays Greg Stewart and Laura Johnston - MaizexPlot work continues to generate results which show higher yields where corn stands areincreasingly uniform. Producers should examine what changes need to be made in theiroperations to ensure corn plants all emerge with in a very tight window (i.e. 48 hours ) andgrow uniformly in the 4 weeks following emergence.Planter options for improving uniformity may include: floating row cleaners, automatedrow unit down pressure, seed firmers, closing wheels that ensure the seed trench iscrumbled and closed uniformly around the seed, ensure tail stocks are running centeredover the row trench, etc.Some recent work has challenged growers to consider planting deeper to improve plant toplant uniformity. In heavy soils this may cause increased risk of crusting. Generallyspeaking if moisture is present at 1.5 inches most growers have been content to plant at1.75 to 2.0 inches deep. In lighter soils it may be worth trying an experiment this year topush planting depths to 2.5 to 3.0 inches. It will almost certainly delay emergence butcould it cause greater uniformity and hence higher yields? Something to try in 2018. Treatments Uniform Spacing and Emergence 135 bu/ac Uniform Emergence With Double 133 bu/ac Uniform Spacing with Late Emerger (10 Days) 122 bu/ac 1188 Source: Liu et al., 2004

Evaluating a stand in the fall for spacing and cob size uniformity.Lack of corn stand uniformity can be caused by delayedemergence, poor spacing, sidewall compaction, etc, etc. What changes can you make to improve uniformity?The Goal: 14 - 16 large uniform ears on an 8 foot 2 x 6! Littlejohn Agronomy Site, 2017Emerged Day 3 Emerged Day 1 Causes of Variability in Some Possible Solutions or Considerations Emergence or Early Corn Growth Install new double disc openers Reduce planting speedPlanting Depth Variability Consider floating row cleanersResidue (hair pining or row coverage) Check alignment of closing wheels on row unit tailSeed Trench Conditions (air gaps or stockopen slots) Consider other closing wheel optionsSoil Crusting Rotary hoe early - before crust sets upUniform Soil Moisture Reduce tillage passes Leave soil surfaces more uniform in the fall Keep secondary spring tillage level, light and uniform.Nutrient Availability Ensure fertilizer openers are all spaced properly from seed row.Soil Compaction Check to ensure soil test K has not slipped below 90Weed Pressure PPM Avoid wet soil conditions Check tire pressure and adjust for correct inflation based on speed, weight and tires specs More diligent burn downs Avoid any early weed competition

13) Western Bean Cutworm (WBC) Kirk Van Will - Maizex• Pockets of ideal soil across Ontario for overwintering success• Scout within peak flight timing (3 week window)• Target fields with tassel peaking out of whorl • No tassel = 0 survival 4-5% (plants with egg masses) cumulative• pressure = control needed• 2-3% cumulative pressure = control needed if needing high quality feed• Consider the Maizex Plan when spraying… The Maizex Plan • Maximize your fungicide application with insecticide • Use Headline AMP as fungicide choice (contains both Strobi & Triazole) – Low rate; and for livestock producers option to. add Caramba to enhance mycotoxin control – If needed, add your insecticide (targeting silk timing)

Fungicide Options• Yield gain comes from Strobilurins – Priaxor, Headline, Trivapro – Crop staging – pre tassel to full tassel• Preserving quality (reduced mycotoxins) comes from Triazoles – Caramba, Proline – Crop Staging – full silking to silk browning 14) Strip Tillage & Inter-Seeded Cover Crop Experience Shawn Reddick - Delta Power EquipmentPros SHANK COULTER Low HP requirement.Maintains constant depth. High speed.Precise placement of fertilizer. Mix fertilizer within zone.Consistent strip in variable conditions. Good in cover crops.10-12” wide strip possible. Widely used for springHeight of berm adjustable. tillage/fertility pass.Maintains performance in heavy soils. Excellent for sandy and loamy soils. Heavy wet clay soils.Cons Inconsistent strip profile -HP...HP…HP symmetry.Shank not ideal for spring tillage on Depth difficult in dry conditions.most soils. Strip is to narrow for twin rowSmearing in very wet clay. corn or beans. Poor fertilizer mixing in heavy clays. Wear parts.

Oats after Wheat Red Clover after Wheat TerraForgeN Sidresser / Interseeder Combination Delta Plot, Forest July 11In Crop Interseeding Observations:Good Emergence on all soils with coulterNil Emergence on all soils when broadcastTaller corn equals thinner standsCrimson Clover Susceptible to Spray ResidualNo impact on corn harvest, Soy planting or Soy Harvest

Precision AgTony Balkwill - Nithfield Advanced Agronomy Management Zones Variable Rate Soil Inputs • Yield Index Maps • Lime (pH & Conditioning) • Grower/Field • Potash • Phosphorus (Banded/ Stripped) History/Imagery • Sensor Based ( EC / EM ) Variable Rate Seasonal Inputs • Soil Classification by Field • Nitrogen • Seeding PopulationsWe don’t want to farm by theaverage. Variable Field Zones • FungicideWe have all the tools to farm with • Tillageprecision and accuracy. • NDVI, Remote [email protected] Imagery • Cover CropsWHAT ! Is in your field ? Think “BUCKETS” Management Zones • Yield Index Maps • Grower/Field History/Imagery • Sensor Based ( EC / EM ) • Soil Classification by Field Variable Rate Soil Inputs • Lime (pH & Conditioning) • Potash • Phosphorus (Banded/ Stripped) Variable Rate Seasonal Inputs • Nitrogen • Seeding Populations Variable Field Zones • Fungicide • Tillage • NDVI, Remote Imagery • Cover Crops [email protected]

Management Zones • Yield Index Maps • Grower/Field History/Imagery • Sensor Based ( EC / EM ) • Soil Classification by Field Variable Rate Soil Inputs • Lime (pH & Conditioning) • Potash • Phosphorus (Banded/ Stripped)BALANCED: The rate needs to match the capacity [email protected] Management Zones • Yield Index Maps • Grower/Field History/Imagery • Sensor Based ( EC / EM ) • Soil Classification by FieldBALANCED: The rate needs to match the capacity Variable Rate Soil Inputs • Lime (pH &90-115 ppm 145 lbs $29100-125 ppm 175 lbs $35 Conditioning)115-135 ppm 200 lbs $40 • Potash125-150 ppm 250 lbs $50 • Phosphorus (Banded/145-175 ppm 275 lbs $55 Stripped) [email protected]

“Maizex would like to thank all of theexceptional speakers at this years’Agronomy Meetings.This “Highlights” format only includesa summary of the informationpresented. If you have questions orneed clarifications about anything youhave seen in this booklet please feelfree to contact Greg Stewart at Maizex(226.820.2203, [email protected])at any time.All the best for a safe and productive2018 growing season.