Minger Construction_SAFETY MANUAL and APPENDIX_2022

9. Receptacles for attachment plugs of the approved concealed type. 10. Where different voltages, frequency, or types of current are supplied, receptacles must be of such design that attachment plugs are not interchangeable. Cords also marked. 11. Exposed bulbs on temporary lights guarded to prevent accidental contact except where bulbs are deeply recessed in the reflector. Damaged or missing bulbs replaced. 12. Employees’ personal equipment and cords must be checked, tagged, and color coded. 151

SECTION 22 MATERIAL HANDLING, MANUAL LIFT & STORAGE 152

SECTION 22: MATERIAL HANDLING, MANUAL LIFTING & STORAGE GUIDELINES The following general guidelines are to be used by all employees to ensure safe working practices when handling materials: 1. Use proper Personal Protective Equipment for the job task. Safety glasses, boots, gloves, etc. should be utilized based on the material being handled. 2. A hazard assessment is completed before manual lifting is accomplished. 3. Periodically evaluate current work station configurations and employees' work techniques to assess the potential for and prevention of injuries. 4. Employees should always read all labels on packages or containers for special handling instructions and precautions. 5. Manual lifting equipment and other engineering controls will be provided to employees. 6. Employee use of manual lifting equipment a. Use lifting aids (handles, straps, etc.) whenever possible. b. Mechanically move materials as much as possible. c. Use hand trucks, forklifts, lulls, etc. 7. Keep hands free of oils and grease. 8. Keep fingers and hands away from pinch points. Safe lifting techniques should be followed when manual lifting is necessary. The approved method is described below: 1. Training on proper lifting techniques and avoidance of musculoskeletal injuries. 2. Know the weight of any object to be lifted. If weight is excessive, get help or use a forklift. 3. Where use of lifting equipment is impractical, two-man lifts are performed. 4. Place your feet as close to the object as possible. Squat by bending the knees while keeping the back straight chin in, looking forward. 5. Get good grips on the load using the palms of the hand, not just the fingers, for maximum grip. 6. Lift with the legs, keeping the back straight, and the load as close to the body as possible. 7. DO NOT twist the back or bend sideways. 8. DO NOT lift or lower the load awkwardly. 9. DO NOT jerk the load up or continue lifting when the load is too heavy. 10. DO NOT lift with the arms extended in front of you. 153

STORAGE Temporary and permanent storage of materials should be secure, neat, and orderly to eliminate hazards and conserve space. All Supervisors must see that materials are stored in such a way that they do not interfere with fire protection systems, block aisles or exits, near or under electrical panels/power lines and where necessary, are secure and properly contained. 154

SECTION 23 HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM 155

SECTION 23: HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM Minger Construction Co., Inc. (Minger) shall maintain a continuing and effective Hearing Conservation Program to protect all affected employees exposed to noise levels greater than or equal to an 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) of 85dBA. EFFECTS OF NOISE EXPOSURE ON THE EAR Excessive noise exposure can cause: 1. ACOUSTIC TRAUMA – temporary or permanent hearing loss due to a sudden, intense event such as an explosion or gunshot. Typically, the eardrum becomes perforated or the hair cells inside the ear are destroyed. 2. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE – research on excessive noise exposure has linked this harmful physical agent to damaging cardiovascular system health. 3. PERMANENT HEARING LOSS – permanent loss of hearing is caused by long term exposure to excessive noise levels or acoustic trauma. 4. TEMPORARY HEARING LOSS – Temporary hearing loss is a result of short-term exposure to high noise levels. Hearing sensitivity will return in a matter of hours or days without continued excessive noise exposure. 5. TINNITUS – long term exposure to high sound levels or short-term exposure to very high sound levels (gun shots, fire crackers, explosions) can damage the ear resulting in a condition where individuals complain of a sound(s) heard in the ear described as a hum, buzz, roar, ring or whistle. HEARING PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Minger’s policy requires employees to wear hearing protectors under the following conditions: • Exposed to an 8-hour TWA of 85 dB or greater. • Exposed to noise levels above 90 dBA. • Performing any task identified as hearing protection mandatory. IDENTIFYING HIGH NOISE AREAS The following conditions may indicate the presence of a hazardous noise level: • Difficulties hearing someone speak to you when they are less than three feet away. • Raising your voice considerably to be heard due to noise interference. • Impact noises (at intervals greater than 1 second) causing physical discomfort when heard. • Ordinary noises sound muffled after you have finished a work shift. 156

TRAINING 1. Workers must be trained in the proper use and fitting of ear plugs, as the effectiveness of a plug depends primarily on how well it is fitted. 2. Personal hygiene should be stressed, as dirt in the ear or on the plugs can lead to infection. 3. It should be pointed out to workers who use hearing protection equipment that while wearing the equipment, their hearing is somewhat reduced, and they may have difficulty hearing other workers, backup alarms, and other important noises. 4. Minger Construction Co., Inc. provides a hearing protection training program for all employees exposed to noise at or above an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels. 5. The company ensures employee awareness and their participation in the hearing protection program during an initial orientation process annually and/or when specific equipment or tasks are utilized that the company has deemed, requires hearing protection. 6. Training will be repeated periodically to make all employees aware of the potential noise hazard. The company assures that the training material is updated to be consistent with changes in the protective equipment and the work processes. At minimum, the training consists of: a. The effects of noise on hearing. b. The purpose of hearing protection, the advantages/disadvantages and limitations, the weakening of various types, and instruction on selection, use, fitting, and care. 7. The informational materials pertaining to the Occupational Noise Exposure Standard and this program, will be made available to any affected or their representative upon request. MONITORING 1. A monitoring program shall be in place to provide an ongoing means of determining employee exposure to noise and protect employees based on excessive exposure. 2. When information indicates that any employee’s exposure may equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels, Minger Construction Co., Inc. will develop and implement an appropriate monitoring program to identify all employees for inclusion in the hearing conservation program and to select proper hearing protection. 3. The following calibrated equipment is used to determine employee exposure to noise: a. Sound level meter b. Dosimeter 4. The company will notify employees of the results of monitoring when exposed at or above an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels and the proper protocol to minimize and/or eliminate the noise exposure. 5. Employees or their representatives will have the opportunity to observe any noise measurements as they are conducted. Depending on the situation or the variable relating to the project, the company selects the proper hearing devices for affected employees. 6. Audiograms should be part of the worker’s pre-employment physical to determine if hearing loss is pre-existing. Annual audiograms will also allow the employer to verify the 157

effectiveness of their hearing loss protection program. A baseline should be established within 6 months of an employee’s first exposure at or above the action level to allow comparison to future audiograms. Prior to establishing the baseline audiogram, the employees must not be exposed to workplace noise for a minimum of 14 hours. 7. In the event a periodical audiogram indicates a standard threshold shift, the employee will be notified in writing within 21 days of the determination. Also, use of hearing protection shall be re-evaluated and/or re-fitted and if necessary, a medical evaluation may be required. PROTECTION 1. Hearing protection will be made available to all employees exposed to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or greater at no cost to the employee. 2. Minger Construction Co., Inc. ensures the use of available hearing protection by affected employees based on the equipment they will be utilizing and their related job tasks. 3. The company ensures that employees have a variety of suitable protectors that lower employee exposure at least to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels. 4. The following varieties of suitable hearing protection are available for employees to choose from: a. Various selections of earplugs b. Earmuffs 5. The company will evaluate protection whenever employee noise exposures increase to the extent that current hearing protection does not provide adequate attenuation. 6. In this event, a. engineering controls would be used as a first option; b. otherwise, administrative controls such as rotating employees would be introduced. c. if an employee must work in an area, double hearing protection may be used for the durations as long as it provided the necessary protection for the exposure. HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES Hearing protection devices shall be made available at no cost to all affected Minger employees regardless of length of employment. Minger shall replace hearing protection devices, as necessary. Hearing protectors have a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) number as specified by the manufacturer on the packaging. The NRR is a general guide to the level of noise reduction (in decibels) the hearing protector provides in laboratory test situations if it is fitted and worn properly. 158

SELECTING HEARING PROTECTION Minger shall focus the selection of hearing protectors on the three C’s: 1. Comfort 2. Convenience 3. Compatibility Hearing protectors shall be evaluated to meet the following criteria before being selected for use in Minger operations: 1. Easy to place and remove. 2. Simple to care for. 3. Constructed with non-allergenic material. 4. Will not interfere with eyeglasses or hard hats – compatible with job tasks. 5. Effective noise attenuation specific to the environment, workplace conditions and practices encountered by affected employees. Minger does not expect employees to wear hearing protectors that are uncomfortable, difficult to use or that interfere with their work. Employees shall be given the opportunity to select their hearing protection from a variety of suitable hearing protection devices. Minger offers two types of hearing protectors to employees. TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION EAR PLUGS - Ear plugs fit in the outer ear canal. To be effective, they must totally block the ear canal with an airtight seal. They are available in different shapes and sizes and can be custom made. An earplug must be snugly fitted so that it seals the entire circumference of the ear canal. EAR MUFFS - Earmuffs fit over the entire outer ear to form an air seal and are held in place by an adjustable headband. The headband must hold earmuffs firmly around the ear to effectively reduce noise levels. FITTING FORMABLE PLUGS To fit properly, a formable plug should be inserted so that most of the plug fits into the ear canal. While many formable plugs are “one size fits most,” different sizes are available. If you can’t get at least half of the plug into the ear canal, or if the plug can’t expand enough to stay firmly seated, you need a different size. Minger shall make every reasonable effort to accommodate your specific needs. Ask your Foreman about other options available to you. 159

Proper techniques for fitting hearing protection: 1. ROLL the formable plug between your thumb and forefinger(s) to compress it into a small, smooth, round cylinder. 2. REACH over top of your head and pull up or back on the top of your ear. This straightens out your ear canal so the plugs can go in far enough. 3. INSERT tightly rolled plug into straightened ear canal. 4. HOLD the ear plug in place for a few seconds after inserting to give it time to expand and seat itself in the ear canal. Remember, the plug must be rolled down tightly before you try to insert it into your ear canal. You shouldn't try to push a formable plug into your ear if you have not rolled it tight enough. Correct Incorrect This plug needed to be rolled down more tightly. Good fit Poor fit 160

When you remove the plug, check to make sure there is a slight bend. (See the drawings above.) The bend means the earplug was inserted deeply enough to reach the bend in the ear canal. There should be no creases in the earplug. Although considered disposable, formable plugs can be washed and used repeatedly. FITTING PRE-MOLDED PLUGS Correct Incorrect This plug This plug is too large or has not completely seals been fully inserted, leaving gaps the ear canal where noise can leak through. opening. Pre-molded plugs may come in different sizes or as “one size fits most.” Try out different sizes to find the ear plug that fits you best. Minger shall make every reasonable effort to accommodate your specific needs. Ask your Foreman about other options available to you. 1. REACH over top of your head and pull up or back on the top of your ear. This straightens out your ear canal so the plugs can go in far enough. 2. INSERT pre-molded plug into straightened ear canal. With a pre-molded plug, you can perform the “tug test.” To do this, gently pull in and out on the stem of the earplug. As you do so, you should feel pressure changes in your ear canal to confirm you have a good fit. Do not pull hard enough to break the seal. 161

Pre-molded plugs are reusable. Most can be easily washed using mild soap. Make sure they are completely dry before storing them in their case or using them in your ear. Using wet plugs can irritate ear canals. RECORDKEEPING The company will maintain accurate records of employee exposure measurements and noise exposure records. Noise exposure records are maintained for a minimum of 2 years to determine patterns of change in the process that may provide better information and a more comprehensive hearing conservation program. 162

SECTION 24 LADDERS 163

SECTION 24: LADDERS GENERAL Portable ladders or stairways will be used for access where there is a change in elevations of 19 inches or more, except where permanent stairways, temporary stairways, suitable ramps, or runways are provided instead or on all structures two or more floors in height (20 feet and over). 1. Ladders shall only be used for the purpose for which they were designed. 2. Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position for a work platform or as scaffolding. 3. Ladders shall be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement. Ladders will not be placed on top of boxes, barrels, crates, etc. 4. Do not position ladders in platform boxes that are mounted on mobile equipment to reach work areas. 5. Portable straight ladders used on smooth surfaces must be equipped with non-slipping feet or be otherwise prevented from slipping. 6. All feet of the ladder will be in use unless the ladder is designed differently. (e.g., If the ladder has four feet, then all four feet need to be on the ground when the ladder is used.) Stepladders must not be used as extension ladders. 7. Secure all straight ladders at the top. When practical, also secure the bottom of the ladder. 8. Ladder rungs, cleats and steps shall be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use. 9. Single portable ladders must not exceed 30 feet in length. 10. Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built, or beyond the manufacturer’s rated capacity. 11. Ladders used for access to a floor or platform must extend at least 3 feet above the landing surface. They must be secured at the top and be connected to the guardrail system or have a spring-loaded gate. Note: Any method is acceptable, if personnel are prevented from walking directly into the opening. 12. Ladders shall be inspected daily before use. Inspect side rails, rungs, steps, spreaders, bolts, labels, ropes, safety feet, hinges etc. to ensure there are no broken pieces, missing rungs, rust, corroded components, sharp edges, etc. 13. Defective ladders must be tagged “Out of Service” and are not be used. Destroy, discard, or replace them. 14. Set the base of the ladder back 1 foot for every 4 feet of ladder length. For example, a 12- foot ladder should be set back 3 feet at the base. 15. Face the ladder when ascending or descending. Note: Follow the “Three Point Contact” rule: At least one hand should hold on the ladder at all times. 164

16. Always move the ladder to avoid reaching. All work shall be done without having the middle of your body cross over the side rails of the ladder. 17. Do not carry any object up a ladder that would prevent you from always grasping the ladder with at least one hand. Tools and supplies should be lowered in an out of work area through the use of a bucket harness whenever possible. 18. The top two steps of a stepladder shall not be used as a step. 19. When moving an extension ladder more than 10 feet, first reduce the ladder height then raise it again at the next work area. 20. The cross-bracing or back of the ladder must not be used for climbing unless specifically designed for that use. 21. The ladder must be made of non-conducting materials when used near electrical equipment. 22. The ladder must not be extended or moved while occupied, or when it would leave a person stranded on a higher level. 23. Only one person shall be on a ladder at one time, unless the ladder is designed for multiple personnel. 24. The area around the top and bottom of the ladder must be kept clean. 25. If working on a ladder and a craftsman is exposed to a fall below the level of the ladder then the craftsman must be tied-off. (i.e., If working on a ladder near a window and the craftsman can fall ‘out’ the window.) IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 1. Always inspect a ladder prior to use. Whether the ladder is fiberglass, metal, or wood, check to ensure that: 2. Steps and rungs are all in place, intact, and free of grease, oil, and mud. 3. Support braces, bolts, and screws are in place and tight. 4. Metal parts are lubricated. 5. Rope is not worn or frayed. 6. Spreaders or other locking devices are in place. 7. Splinters or sharp edges are removed. 8. Safety feet are in place. 9. Metal ladders are not dented or bent. LADDER SELECTION The first step in protection from the safety hazards associated with ladders is to select the right ladder for the job. Ladders are rated by how much weight they can safely hold. The weight limits include includes the employee, and any equipment they are carrying. Ladders are classified accordingly: 1. Type 1AA means it can hold 375 lbs. (special duty) 2. Type 1A 300 pounds (extra heavy duty) 3. Type I holds 250 pounds (heavy duty) 165

4. Type II holds 225 pounds (medium duty) 5. Type III holds just 200 pounds (light). 6. The rating is the combined weight of worker, tools, materials and any other weight transmitted onto the ladder. 7. Employees should always check the rating of the ladder they have selected prior to use. Furthermore, employees should also observe the following limits on ladder length. 8. A stepladder should be no more than 20 feet high. 9. A one-section ladder should be no more than 30 feet. 10. An extension ladder can extend up to 60 feet, when the sections are overlap. 11. Note that the OSHA Ladder Regulation requires that all ladders providing access to a point greater than 24 feet in height shall be equipped with fall protection. Examples of ladder fall protection include retractable lifelines, rope grabs, and ladder cages. Also note that the OSHA Ladder Regulation requires ladders to be offset with a “rest platform” installed at every 50 feet of vertical access gained. LADDER SETUP 1. Place ladder on level surface. Remember to use a wide board (3-4 foot) under both of the feet if the ladder has to be setup on soft ground. 2. Set the feet so they’re parallel with the surface the ladder rests against. 3. Ensure that the base of the ladder is kept free of debris and rubble. 4. Extend the ladder so there’s at least 3 feet above the top support or landing. 5. Position ladder so distance from the base of ladder is set back approximately ¼ of the length of ladder. 6. Secure the top of the ladder. LADDER USE 1. Only have one employee on a ladder at a time. 2. Wear steel-toed protective footwear with clean, nonskid soles 3. Always face the ladder and hold on to the side rails with both hands when climbing or descending. 4. Carry tools up or down on a belt, or hoist them with a rope. 5. Work with one hand on the ladder, and keep extra tools on a tool belt hanger. 6. Do not use the top two steps of a stepladder, or the top four ladder rungs of an extension ladder. 7. Keep your body centered on the ladder. 8. Don’t move a ladder while on it. 9. Tie-off whenever possible when using a ladder. 10. Make movements on a ladder slow and cautious. 11. Always use two people to carry extension ladders. 166

TRAINING All employees must receive a documented training program on ladder safety and will include the following: 1. Maximum load carrying capacities of normal ladders. 2. The nature of fall hazards in the work area. 3. Any/all fall hazards that will/may be encountered. 4. The proper construction, use, placement, and care of all ladders. 5. The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems to be used. 167

SECTION 25 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 168

SECTION 25: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT GENERAL The use of PPE shall be the last choice in controlling exposure to the known hazard. When potential exposures are encountered, the following control measures must be applied before PPE is considered. This order must be followed: 1. Substitute the material. (Eliminate the Hazard.) 2. Change the process. (Reduce the Hazard.) 3. Make use of engineering controls. (Reduce the Hazard.) 4. Implement administrative/work practice changes. (Minimize the risk.) 5. PPE. RESPONSIBILITY The responsibility for PPE use is the individual’s along with Minger Construction Co., Inc. Supervisors. The management team shall: 1. Review all work procedures and activities in an effort minimize employee exposures to unhealthy or unsafe conditions. 2. Designate the required PPE on the job site. This should be reviewed as the job conditions change. Selections and reasons for selections should be given to the employees. 3. Ensure the proper PPE is available. 4. Enforce compliance with the PPE guidelines. 5. Include PPE requirements in orientation. 6. With the assistance of the Safety Department, must procure any special PPE for work that presents a hazard which is not of a routine nature. 7. With the assistance of the Safety Department must procure, select, fit test, and issue all respiratory protection equipment. The employees shall: 1. Abide by all Minger Construction Co., Inc. PPE policies and rules. 2. Consult their Supervisor with any questions or concerns. 3. Notify their Supervisor when any work condition changes, resulting in different PPE needs, and inform them when PPE is in need of repair or replacement. 4. Properly care for, clean, maintain and inspect PPE as required and not use any PPE that has not been inspected. 169

5. Not use unapproved PPE. PPE must be approved by the Supervisor and/or Safety Department. 6. Inspect their equipment daily. 7. Attend training. **Employee-owned equipment may be used only if it has been inspected and approved by Minger Construction Co., Inc. Supervision and the Safety Department. TRAINING Each employee will receive training and information during their initial first orientation and/or at the time of initial assignment. This information will include: 1. When PPE is required. 2. Type of PPE necessary. 3. Limitations of the PPE. 4. Proper care and maintenance. 5. Useful life and disposal of PPE. 6. How to properly put on / take off (donning/doffing) and wear the PPE. Training will be repeated if: 1. There is a change in operations that presents a hazard that an employee has not been previously trained. 2. When there is reason to believe that there have been deviations from the procedure or that there are inadequacies in the employees’ knowledge, use of this procedure, 3. Or a new hazard has been created. Upon completion of training, the certification will be documented and include: 1. The employees name, 2. The trainers name and qualification, 3. Certification subject and description or training, 4. And the dates of training. PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS All selected PPE must be fitted to each affected employee. All donning, doffing, cleaning, and maintenance requirements will be understood. Defective or damaged equipment cannot be used. This equipment must be taken out of service, reported to the immediate supervisor for repair or replacement. HAND PROTECTION 1. Hand protection must be worn by employees when the job has a potential for, or has a recognized hazard capable of causing injury to the hands. 2. Gloves must be kept clean and free of oil and grease. 170

3. The Supervisor and/or Safety Department will determine if special hand protection apparel is required. Minger Construction Co., Inc. will supply special hand protection apparel. 4. Any damaged gloves which make their use hazardous must be discarded. 5. Gloves used for protection against solvents, acids, and chemicals must be constructed of the most effective rated material for the chemical that the hands are expected to be in contact with. These will be supplied by Minger Construction Co., Inc. 6. Rubber gloves, rated at the acceptable level, must be worn when working in or around electrical current. BODY PROTECTION 1. Shirts must be tucked into pants, when the work presents a hazard to the general body. 2. Chemical resistant aprons may be worn when performing low hazard chemical operations. 3. Individuals performing welding or ‘hot work’ activities must wear the proper PPE designed for that activity. Special PPE must be worn to protect individuals involved in work activities where radiant heat exposures are likely or apparent. 4. All clothing must be maintained in a clean and good working condition (free from holes, rips, chemical spills, etc.). HEAD PROTECTION 1. Minger Construction Co., Inc. will supply, and employees are required to wear head protection. 2. Hard hats must meet all applicable standards. 3. When there is a risk of injury from hair entanglement, employees must confine their hair. 4. Chin straps will be provided and must be worn when necessary. 5. Minger Construction Co., Inc. employees should keep the number of stickers on hard hats to a reasonable number. (OSHA requires a visual check of hard hat integrity on a daily basis. This could be difficult to do if your hard hat is swabbed with stickers.) FOOT PROTECTION 1. Open toe or open heel shoes, sandals, high heels, or thongs are unacceptable footwear. 2. Leather or equivalent footwear must be worn at all times. Tennis shoes may not be worn. 3. Chemical resistant boots must be worn where there is a potential of contacting a corrosive or other hazardous material. 4. Steel toe or steel over shoes must be worn when required by the work activities. EYE PROTECTION 1. Safety glasses, meeting or exceeding ANSI 787 standard, are required during working hours in shops, and jobsites when greasing equipment and doing maintenance, repairs, toping of fluids, drilling shipping, when required by owner, pouring concrete, driving nails, hitting steel on steel, etc. 171

2. Supervisors and/or Safety Department will determine the task specific eye protection requirements. 3. Individuals escorting visitors, vendors, etc., must supply each with proper eye protection for the areas being toured. 4. Safety glasses are not required during breaks and lunch times, if all potential eye hazards are eliminated. 5. Tinted lenses may only be worn by those working outdoors. 6. Eye protection will be supplied by Minger Construction Co., Inc. to Minger Construction Co., Inc. employees only. 7. Eye protection equipment must meet the appropriate standards. 8. Eye protection equipment must not be altered or modified. Eye Protection Requirement Only Hazard Minimum Protection Required Arc welding Safety glasses and welding hood Gas burning and cutting Burning goggles Acid and caustic handling areas Grinding areas, mason saw Chemical splash goggles Possibility of chemical exposure Face shield and safety glasses Chemical goggles and face shield Abrasive blasting Protection from glare from work surfaces such as Abrasive blasting hood Tinted safety glasses or clip on shades over safety water or concrete glasses 172

EPA SELECTION GUIDELINES ON PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND RESPIRATOR TYPES The 1986 Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) required the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to develop regulations to protect the 1.8 million workers involved in hazardous waste operations. This regulation, 29CFR §1910.120, was published on March 6, 1989 and became fully effective on March 6, 1990. This new OSHA regulation requires employers in all industries where hazardous waste may be encountered to provide their workers with extensive training in the selection and use of personal protective equipment as part of a comprehensive safety and health program. In Appendix B to this regulation, OSHA assigned Personal Protective Equipment to four different protection levels (Levels A, B, C, and D). The appropriate level is determined by the degree of hazard to which the worker is exposed and the degree of protection afforded by the PPE. Level A provides the highest level of protection and Level D the least. Levels B and C afford protection from hazards of varying degrees less serious than those requiring Level A protection but more hazardous than those requiring Level D protection. DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDS - (29CFR§1910.120 APPENDIX B, PART B) LEVEL A PROTECTION SHOULD BE USED WHEN: The hazardous substance has been identified and requires the highest level of protection for skin, eyes, and the respiratory system based on either the measured (or potential for) high concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulates; or the site operations and work functions involve a high potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to unexpected gases or particulates of materials that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin; Substances with a high degree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to be present, and skin contact is possible; or Operations are being conducted in confined, poorly ventilated areas, and the absence of conditions requiring Level A have not yet been determined. LEVEL B PROTECTION SHOULD BE USED WHEN: The type and atmospheric concentration of substances have been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection, but less skin protection; The atmosphere contains less than 19.5% oxygen; or The presence of incompletely identified vapors or gases is indicated by a direct-reading organic vapor detection instrument, but vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin. LEVEL C PROTECTION SHOULD BE USED WHEN: The atmospheric contaminant, liquid splashes, or other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin; 173

The types of air contaminant have been identified, concentrations measured, and an air purifying respirator is available that can remove the contaminant; and All criteria for the use of air-purifying respirators are met. LEVEL D PROTECTION SHOULD BE USED WHEN: The atmosphere contains no known hazard; and Work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals. OSHA intends Appendix B to guide employers in their selection of PPE, but requires {in 1910.120(g) (3) (ii)} that this selection be based on evaluation by the employer of the \"performance characteristics of the PPE relative to the requirements and limitations of the site, the task-specific conditions and duration, and the hazards and potential hazards identified at the site.\" It is essential that employers in the industry be thoroughly familiar with all the provisions of 29CFR§1910.120. RESPIRATOR TYPES SPECIFIED BY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OSHA LEVEL A (29CFR§1910.120 APPENDIX B, PART A) Positive pressure (pressure demand), self- LEVEL A contained breathing apparatus (MSHA/NIOSH To be selected when the greatest level of approved) respiratory protection is required: Positive Fully encapsulating chemical resistant suit pressure, full face piece self-contained Gloves, inner, chemical resistant breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive Gloves, outer, chemical resistant pressure supplied air respirator with escape Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank SCBA, approved by the National Institute for (worn over or under suit boot) Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Underwear, cotton, long-john type* Note: In 29CFR§1910.120 (g) (3) (iii), OSHA Coveralls (under suit) * requires that Level A respiratory protection be Hard hat (under suit) * used \"when chemical exposure levels present Two-way radio communications (intrinsically will create a substantial possibility of safe) immediate death, immediate serious illness or LEVEL B injury, or impair the ability to escape.\" Self-contained breathing apparatus LEVEL B Chemical resistant clothing (overalls and long- To be selected when the highest level of sleeved jacket, chemical resistant coveralls) respiratory protection is necessary, but a Coveralls (under splash suit) * Gloves, outer, lesser level of skin protection is needed: inner; chemical resistant Positive pressure, full face piece self- Boots, outer, chemical resistant, steel toe and contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or shank positive pressure supplied air respirator with Boots, outer, chemical resistant* escape SCBA (NIOSH approved). 174

Note: Level B respiratory protection specified Two-way radios (intrinsically safe) by OSHA is identical to Level A respiratory Hard hat protection. The hazards involve \"atmospheres that present severe inhalation hazards and that LEVEL C do not represent a severe skin hazard; or that Full-face, air purifying respirator do not meet the criteria for use of air-purifying (MSHA/NIOSH approved) respirators.\" Chemical resistant clothing (one piece coverall, LEVEL C hooded two-piece chemical splash suit, chemical To be selected when the concentration(s) and resistant hood and apron, disposable chemical type(s) of airborne substance(s) is known and resistant coveralls) the criteria for using air purifying respirators Gloves, outer, chemical resistant are met: Gloves, inner, chemical resistant* Full-face or half-mask air purifying Boots, steel toe and shank, chemical resistant respirators (NIOSH approved). Cloth coveralls (inside chemical protective Escape mask (optional). clothing) * Note: In 29CFR§1910.120 (g) (iii) (vi) OSHA Two-way radio communications (intrinsically requires that respirators be selected and used safe) * in accordance with 29CFR§1910.134. Hard hat*, Escape mask* Respirators (NIOSH approved) other than those described in Levels A, B, C, and D may LEVEL D be more appropriate and may be used to Primarily a work uniform and should not be worn provide the proper level of protection. Thus, on any site where respiratory or skin hazards where Level A or B respiratory protection is exist. not required (e.g., In a non-IDLH atmosphere), but air-purifying respirators are inadequate because of the presence of excessive concentration levels of gases or vapors having poor warning properties, suitable airline respirators may be used. LEVEL D No respirator is required. However, OSHA does specify an \"escape mask\" as optional equipment to ensure a safe escape should an inhalation hazard unexpectedly and suddenly appear. 175

SECTION 26 MOBILE CRANE PROGRAM 176

SECTION 26: MOBILE CRANE PROGRAM GENERAL 1. Cranes will only be operated by certified mobile crane operators. Refer also to definitions, Superintendent, Foreman, Craft Worker responsibilities, and mobile crane operator responsibilities below. 2. A signal person must be provided for the following situations: a. The point of operation is not in full view of the operator. b. The view is obstructed when the equipment is traveling. 3. Cranes, hoists, and other equipment shall conspicuously post: a. Rated load capacity charts matching the serial number of the crane, b. Recommended operating speeds, c. Special hazard warnings, and d. Other essential information. 4. Lifts exceeding 70% of the crane’s capacity, based on its configuration capacity for the greatest radius the load will achieve during the lift, are considered to be a critical lift. If by changing the crane configuration within manufacturer specifications (removing extra boom, removing stored jibs, etc.) or moving the crane closer (decreasing radius) increasing the capacity, the change shall be made. If not, a larger capacity crane shall be obtained and used. 5. Telescopic boom cranes (hydraulic cranes) shall be equipped with an anti-two-block device (A2B), for all points of potential two-blocking, e.g., boom extensions, main booms. 6. Lattice boom cranes shall be equipped with an anti-two-block device or a two-block warning feature with both an audible and visual alarm for all points of potential of two- blocking. 7. Cranes are designed to lift freely suspended loads which are loads hanging freely with no direct external force applied to them except by the lift cable. Load lines should be kept vertical so that no side pull is exerted on the crane’s boom. 8. Wind speed and other weather conditions such as cold conditions affect crane capacity. a. Crane capacity is generally based on a maximum 20 mph/12.4 kmph wind speed. At wind speeds above 20 mph the crane should be appropriately de-rated and additional loads caused by the wind on the load itself should be added to the weight of the lift. (See ANSI/ASCE 7), etc. b. At 30 mph/18.6 kmph, lifting operations should be stopped. See Manufacturer specification for your specific crane. 177

c. Long booms may experience higher wind speeds above ground level and buildings/structures near the lifting are can increase the wind speed in the work area. d. Gusting winds ay also make it hard to control the load even when they are below 20 mph, and lifting operations may need to be stopped. e. No lifts shall be made in electrical storms. f. Ice build-up on booms and cables should be removed before use. 9. Accessible areas within the swing area of the counterweight or equipment must be barricaded to prevent personnel from being crushed. 10. A fire extinguisher of not less than 5 BC rating must be available at all operator stations or cabs of cranes. 11. Safety latches in proper operating condition are required on all crane hooks. 12. Cranes with suspended loads shall never be left unattended. 13. The operator shall not leave the cab of the crane with the crane’s motor running. If there are unique circumstances that require the operator to leave the crane cab multiple times, the engine may be left running only if the following conditions are met: a. The operator is situated where unauthorized entry of the crane can be observed and the crane can be observed and the crane is located within an area protected from unauthorized entry. b. A qualified person or rigging engineering specialist must approve spreader bars, eye pads, personnel baskets and lifting devices of all kinds. c. Routine maintenance, fueling, or repairs must not be performed while the equipment is in use. RESPONSIBILITIES General responsibilities for this crane procedures implementation and position descriptions are stated in the AWAIR summary. Additional responsibilities specific to this policy include the following: SUPERINTENDENTS/FOREMAN/CRAFT WORKERS Minger Construction Co., Inc. employees are responsible for their crew members involved with mobile crane operation and a s competent person shall ensure that: 1. Employees are properly trained in accordance with this policy and national and local regulatory requirements. 2. The operator is physically and mentally capable of operating in a safe manner. 3. Operators of cranes over 5 ton required to be NCCO Certified. 4. All safe mobile crane operating, inspection, and maintenance procedures are followed. 5. The correct load weight, boom length, and load radius are determined and the operator informed prior to the lift being made. 6. Critical lifts are identified and handled in accordance with the Crane Rental Company. 178

7. The signal person is designated and capable of directing the movements of the crane and load safely. 8. Site hazards, such as underground utilities, overhead power lines, etc. are identified and proper precautions are put in place, e.g., barricades, warning signs, wire watchers, etc. 9. Any crane support requirements are identified and met, such as matting. 10. All nonessential personnel are clear of the hoisting activities. 11. All safety precautions for the job are taken, Pre-task Plans are developed and followed, and job site-specific rules are followed. MOBILE CRANE OPERATOR The crane operators are responsible for conducting the lift safely and are responsible for the following rules, practices, and operations and shall assure that: 1. They are physically and mentally capable of operating in a safe manner. 2. They are NCCO Certified Crane Operators. 3. They have read and understood the operation manual for the crane being operated. 4. They have inspected annual inspection records. 5. They are familiar with the function and operation of all controls and operator aids. 6. The crane is assembled, moved, and set up properly. 7. All safety equipment is operational. 8. They wear the crane seat belt if supplied. 9. Accessible areas within the swing radius of the superstructure of the crane are barricaded to prevent personnel from being struck or crushed. 10. They do not place toolboxes, oil cans, choker racks, water coolers, or similar objects or allow personnel in the barricaded radius of the swing of the counterweight, where a persona could possibly be crushed while the crane is operating. 11. Truck and crawler-type cranes will not be moved unless a designated signal-person is in full view of the operator giving signals. 12. The operator shall have access to procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment. Procedures include rated capacities (load charts), recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, instructions and operator’s manual. 13. Are aware of site hazards and that proper precautions are followed. 14. They do not engage in any activities that will distract their attention while operating the crane. 15. Daily inspections are completed, documented, and signed before each shift. 16. All monthly inspections and required maintenance are properly completed and documented. 17. Immediately notify Foremen, Superintendents and Operations personnel of all defects, repairs, or required maintenance for the crane. 18. Know the sequence of tasks involved in each lift and sign the Pre-task planning document along with the other members of the work crew. 179

19. Know the total lifted load weight, boom configuration and angle, lift radius, selects proper number of parts of line for each lift and verifies with the crane load chart that the lift is within capacity. 20. The mobile crane operator shall always make the final “go or no-go” decision for every lift. DEFINITIONS ANTI-TWO BLOCK (A2B): a device, which is automatically activated when the crane hook/block approaches the boom or job tip and disengages all crane functions whose movement could cause the crane hook/block to impact with the boom or job. COMPETENT PERSON: a person who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. CRANE SAFETY OVERRIDE KEY: a key that is used to override the A2B or LMI safety functions. LIFT PLAN: the plan that is made prior to a lift to assure the lift at maximum radius and boom length does not exceed the capacity of the crane for the specified conditions during the lift. The plan should include but is not limited to the following information: total lifted load weight (see definition below), required rigging equipment, rigging equipment weight, maximum lift radius, lift height, boom clearance, crane configuration details, e.g., boom length required, on outriggers/rubber, tracks extended, weight of load blocks, weight of cable and lifting quadrant (over the front, back, or side), and the capacity of the crane for the set up. LIFT RADIUS: the horizontal distance between the center of rotation of the crane and the center of gravity of the load being lifted. See the manufacturers’ instructions. LOAD CHART: a chart of the crane’s capacity for various operational modes as listed in the capacity chart notes. The load chart shall be maintained in the crane cab. (The load chart should be specific to the crane and contain the crane’s serial number.) LOAD CHART NOTES: the detailed instructions and limitations for use of the capacity chart given by the crane manufacturer for each use of crane configuration e.g., over the side, on outriggers, on rubber, tracks retracked, tracks extended, counterweight size, hoisting while traveling, etc. LOAD MOMENT INDICATOR (LMI): refers to an electronic sensing system designed to alert the operator that conditions are approaching or have reached the capacity of the crane. An LMI is not a weight scale. The LMI is not a weight scale. The LMI generally provides the operator with boom angle, load radius, and a constant display of the crane’s relative load. When 180

maximum rated load conditions are sense, the LMI gives a visual and audible warning as well as deactivated the control levers that extend the boom, lower the boom or raise the main or auxiliary hoist lines. In an overload condition, the LMI does not deactivate the controls that will make the crane safe, it will allow the load to be lowered, the boom to be pulled in or raised to decrease the radius. LMI CALIBRATION: check involves radius indicator accuracy, boom length indicator accuracy, and weight accuracy of the LMI. LMI MODE CONFIGURATION: match the crane configuration with the LMI operating mode, e.g., if the crane is on outriggers, then the LMI should be set for the on-outrigger chart, etc. The crane configuration is set with a mode indicator switch. See the LMI manufacturers’ instructions. MAXIMUM LIFT RADIUS: the greatest horizontal distance that will be encountered during the lift between the cranes center of rotation and the center of gravity of the lifted load. Qualified Mobile Crane Operator – a crane operator who meets the requirements of Certified Crane Operator as set forth by the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO). QUALIFIED PERSON: a person who by possession of a recognized degree in an applicable field, certificate of professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work. OPERATOR AIDS: refers to electronic or manual instruments or tools used by the operator to aid in safe operation of the crane, e.g. A2B, boom angle indicator, LMI, tape measure and hand level. TOTAL LIFTED LOAD WEIGHT: the total wight of the following: the material or equipment being hoisted, any attachments to that load, the weight of any crane blocks suspended from the crane tip, the weight of any jibs stored or erected that are not being used for the lift, and any other weight that is specified by the crane manufacturer in their crane notes. WIRE WATCHER: an additional signaler that watches the crane’s position in relation to power lines. PROCEDURE All crane operators shall be trained, evaluated, and qualified prior to being allowed to operate a crane as set forth by the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO). 181

ANNUAL INSPECTIONS 1. A thorough annual inspection of each mobile crane will be made by a third party certified Competent Person. Any cranes assembled on site shall have an annual inspection prior to being put into service. 2. A record of the date and result of this inspection shall be maintained by the Rental Company and with jobsite records. Actual documentation of the annual inspection is required to be on file before company employees are allowed to operate, work with or use a crane. See Figure 1, Mobile Crane Inspection Report. DAILY INSPECTIONS 1. A daily inspection of items specified by the manufacturer shall be completed prior to the start of each shift. See Figure 2, Daily Mobile Crane Inspection Report, and any additional manufacturer inspection recommendations. 2. The crane operator is responsible for ensuring that the daily inspection is completed, documented, and assigned before operating the crane. LOAD TESTS 1. All related load test reports will be kept and maintained. 2. Reports will show the test procedures and confirm the adequacy of any repairs or alteration. LOAD, BOOM LINES, ROPES AND CABLES 1. Load and boom lines and cables shall be checked monthly and thoroughly and action shall be taken, as set forth below. Certification including the date, cable ID, and signature of inspector will be provided. 2. The line shall be taken out of service, if there are six randomly distributed broken wires on one lay or three broken wires in any one strand in one lay of a running line. 3. If there is wear of one-third of the original diameter of outside wires, kinking, crushing, “bird-caging,” heat damage, core damage, or any other distortion of the rope structure, the rope shall be taken out of service. 4. For standing ropes, such as pendant lines, the line shall be taken out of service if there is more than two broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at an end connection. 5. Replacement cables shall meet the manufacturer’s requirements. 6. Boom Lines, Ropes, and Cables that have not been used during shutdown or storage must be thoroughly inspected before crane is used. 182

CRITICAL LIFTS Critical lifts require special procedures and written authorization from Minger Construction Co., Inc. MOBILE CRANE LIFT PLANNING 1. All crane lifts require a lift plan. When the lift is over 70% of the crane’s capacity as configured, there shall be a written lift plan, including, as a minimum, the lift radius, the crane capacity, and the load weight. 2. Lift calculations shall be written on either the Pre-Task Planning Document or on a Critical Lift Plan or, if required, the Critical Lift Permit and shall be approved by the Superintendent in charge of the lift prior to the lift. See Figure 3, Pre-Lift Checklist and Figure 4, Load and Capacity Calculation Sheet. 3. A Pre-Lift meeting must be held immediately prior to the lift that includes all personnel involved in the lift. Lift planning will include the methods to be used for hooking to and unhooking the load to the crane. 4. The total lifted wight and maximum lift radius must be established and communicated to the operator prior to lifting to verify capacity. 5. A trained signal person shall be assigned to direct the crane movements for the lift. 6. The Pre-Lift Checklist (Figure 3) is required on all critical lifts and is recommended for any lift. MOBILE CRANE ASSEMBLY AND SET-UP 1. The crane shall be assembled/disassembled and set up for lifts under the direction of a competent and qualified person. An assembly/disassembly (A/D) director must understand the applicable assembly and disassembly procedures prior to the commencement of such activities. The A/D director shall be responsible for addressing the specific hazards associated with assembly/disassembly operations. A crane specific assembly checklist must be prepared and followed for assembly of all cranes and booms and follow manufacturer’s instructions and prohibitions. Crew members must understand their tasks prior to commencing A/D activities and the hazards associated with their tasks. Crew members must understand the hazardous positions/locations they need to avoid before commencing work. Cranes assembled on site shall receive an annual inspection prior to being put into service and a post assembly inspection upon completion. The crane should always be set up within 1% of level when lifting. 2. A firm, uniform, level operating area capable of supporting the load and crane shall be provided. Be aware of recently excavated and backfilled areas and verify the bearing capacity prior to setting up on them. Also, it is very important to check for underground pipelines, vessels, valve vaults, etc. that might not support the crane loads and require special support. 183

3. Use approved matting and or blocking under outrigger pads/floats to stay within the bearing capacity of supporting soil. 4. Matting must be made of through bolted hard wood or heavy duty 12” x 12” crane timbers. 5. Outrigger Mats/Pad should be: a. At least three times larger in surface area than the float they support, b. At a 90-degree angle to the outrigger cylinder to prevent the crane from sliding off of them, c. Strong enough to withstand the loads imposed by the outrigger. 6. Outriggers on mobile cranes must be fully extended when the crane is used to lift or support loads. 7. Outriggers shall hold all tires within the boundary of the outriggers off the ground and, 8. The crane shall be level for all lifts. MOBILE CRANE ASSEMBLY AND SET-UP 1. Never attempt to lift more than the rated capacity of any crane or its rigging. Add the weight of hooks, block, load line cable, and all rigging as part of the total lifted load. On most cranes, the manufacturer’s effective weight of jibs must also be part of the total lifted load. Always consult the crane’s operation manual for a list of items that must be added to the actual wight of the item being lifted to obtain the total lifted weight. 2. Make sure the crane is being operated within its limits, it is safe to use, and that the problem is only a defect in the safety device itself. Safe crane cab and engine compartment access with adequate hand holds and steps must be provided, maintained free of mud and oil, and used by personnel. 3. The crane manufacturer’s recommendations (engine idle speeds, lift capacities, assembly configurations, maintenance, inspections, etc.) shall be followed. 4. Operators must take signals from only one designated signal person. In an emergency, however, a STOP signal can be given by anyone. 5. Only standard hand or agreed-upon radio signals, will be acknowledged. 6. Never allow anyone to ride the hook or the load. 7. Never allow personnel to be suspended from another line on a crane that is lifting a load. 8. Taglines must be used when handling loads over the rigger’s head unless their use creates an unsafe condition. For special lifts, such as those involving tall thin structures, greater distances should be utilized to ensure personnel safety. 9. The operator shall not swing loads over the heads of personnel. All non-essential personnel shall be removed from the lifting area. 10. When machines are equipped with outriggers, they shall be fully extended (unless partially extended outriggers are allowed by manufacturer’s load chart) and the tires will be raised free of the ground. 11. Truck and crawler-type cranes will not be moved unless a designated flag-person in full view of the operator is giving signals. 184

12. The hook shall be brought over the load in a controlled manner to minimize swinging. 13. Multiple-part lines shall not be twisted around each other. 14. The crane operator must not attempt to make any lift for which the operator feels conditions are inadequate. 15. Check brakes and machine stability when load is still only inches above the ground. 16. The load, boom, or other parts of the crane shall not contact any obstructions. 17. The lift will be made in a smooth controlled manner so there is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load. 18. When the operator leaves the mobile crane control station, the operator shall: a. Lower the load to the ground or know that the load is secured in its final position. b. Set safety pawls on all drums, where such are manually operated. c. Set the swing brake and both traction brakes and/or locks to prevent machine movement. d. Shut off the engine. e. Not get on or off a machine when it is in motion. Adjustment, repair, or lubrication is not permitted on moving machinery. MOBILE CRANE SIGNALS 1. It is important that the operator and the assigned signal-person work together as a team. Quick and understandable communication between the signal-person and the operator is required for safe and efficient operation. No response by the operator shall be made unless signals are clearly understood. The signal person must: a. Keep persons outside the crane’s operating area. b. Have unobstructed view of the load and the crane, or use a second signal person. c. Never direct a load over a person. d. Keep the load clear of obstructions. e. Never let the boom come in contact with the load or any other object. f. Anyone seeing a problem can stop the lift by giving the emergency stop signal. HAND SIGNALS 1. The standard hand signals are shown at the end of the section. It is recommended that they be posted on the crane. 2. The operator and the signal-person shall both be proficient in the use of the hand signals. 3. The signal-person must: a. Be in clear view of the crane operator and maintain an unobstructed view of the load and the crane boom. If this cannot be done, two choices exist (1). Radio voice signals shall be use or (2). Additional intermediate signal person(s) shall be assigned. b. Give the signals accurately and distinctly. 185

c. When special conditions arise and additional signals are required that are not shown on the chart, both the operator and the signal person shall agree upon the special signals in advance. RADIO VOICE SIGNALS 1. Radio voice signals should be considered when making blind picks or for craning operations with obstructed views. 2. General Radio Voice Signals a. Most cranes have the capability to do two or more operations at the same time, e.g., swing and take up on the hoist line, etc. For radio signaling, these commands should be used with caution and only when the load is in full view of the operator or with an empty hook. b. Once a lift has begun, the signal person should be in constant communication with the operator. Never release the key to the microphone. Give the command slowly and repeatedly to reassure the operator that everything is clear and that the lift is proceeding as planned. If the operator senses a problem at any time, he/she should cease lifting operations. When the lift stops the signal person will un-key the mike to allow the operator to communicate any problems. c. The operator should have a radio that allows for hands free operation. d. Test the radios to assure they are in proper working order prior to making the lift. e. Use a radio channel that is free of radio traffic. f. The signal person shall begin each instruction by calling the operator’s name. g. The signal person should give the approximate distance the load will be moved. h. At the completion of each command, the signal person will stop the operation by saying, “All Stop”. RECOMMENDED VOICE SIGNALS 1. Hoisting and Lowering the Load a. If the crane is equipped with more than one load hoist and the lift requires the use of both, the signal person should instruct the operator to use main block or use auxiliary hoist (whip line). b. The following commands will be given to raise and lower the load: MAIN BLOCK UP OR DOWN or WHIP LINE UP OR DOWN. 2. Using the Boom, the following commands should be given: BOOM UP or BOOM DOWN. 3. Using the Boom and Hoist use the following commands to raise/lower the boom and raise/lower the load at the same time: BOOM DOWN (UP) and HOLD THE LOAD LEVEL. Never give this command when the operator cannot see the load. 4. Extending and Retracting the Boom: The following command should be given to extend/retract: BOOM EXTEND and BOOM RETRACT. 186

5. Extending/Retracting Boom and Hoisting at Same Time the following commands should be given: SWING THE BOOM TO YOUR RIGHT or SWING THE BOOM TO YOUR LEFT. 6. Swing the Boom: the following commands should be given to swing the boom to the operator’s right or left: SWING THE BOOM TO YOUR RIGHT or SWING THE BOOM TO YOUR LEFT. CRANE WORK NEAR OVERHEAD ELECTRIC LINES 1. A pre-operation hazard assessment will be performed to identify the work zone and determine if any part of the equipment could reach closer than 20 feet to a power line. 2. Any overhead line must be considered energized unless it is disconnected and physically grounded. All power line must be barricaded or flagged when there is danger of contact by mobile equipment. 3. No lifting should be done “over” high voltage power lines (220 V or greater) regardless of distance. 4. No part of the lifting equipment, including the load, may be allowed to be closer to live high voltage lines or apparatus than the spacing indicated below: Nominal Voltage, kV (Phase to Phase) Minimum Required Clearance ft. (m) 0 – 50 10 (3.05) 15 (4.60) 51 – 200 20 (6.10) 201 – 350 25 (7.62) 351 - 500 35 (10.67) 501 - 750 45 (13.72) 751 - 1000 5. No crane or similar equipment shall be swung, worked, or moved (including during transit between worksites) within the clearances stated above. 6. When it becomes necessary for a crane boom or any part of a crane or similar equipment to be swung, worked, or moved (including transit between worksites) within 20 feet, the work is to be stopped immediately. Minger Construction Co., Inc. will decide which of the following steps must be taken. a. The line must be identified, de-energized, and properly tagged and locked-out. The line must also be visibly grounded at the point of work. b. If such is not possible, the following minimum precautions shall be taken if the above individuals agree that the work can be done safely: i. The crane must be grounded with #2/0 wire to a permanent ground or a temporarily installed ground rod. 187

ii. A wire watcher must be stationed to warn the operator while the crane, boom, or load is in motion. iii. No one can be allowed to come in contact with the crane or load while the crane is in motion. iv. Tag lines must be constructed of “dry” non-conductive material. c. Additional precautions, which may be needed to avoid contact with the line include the following: i. Warning Flags, Signs, or Other Suitable Devices to mark power line location. ii. Temporary installed sleeves on the power line note that there is also considerable potential hazard involved in this procedure, and the use of temporary sleeves must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. iii. With sleeves installed approach distance is limited to those shown in energized electrical work. d. Insulated Links i. Insulated links (or dry synthetic slings) can be used between the crane hook and the load. If a power line contact occurs with the boom or hoist line, the insulated link will prevent electricity from passing into the load, but it will not prevent electricity from passing through the boom and back to the ground from the crane. ii. No one should be allowed to touch the crane from the ground. Insulated links are subject to load failure as well as losing their insulating qualities and should be inspected daily prior to use and annually per manufacturer insulation test requirements. iii. Note insulating links protect either the crane or the load depending on where electrical contact is made never both. MOBILE CRANE MAINTENANCE 1. Routine maintenance, fueling, or repairs must not be performed while the equipment is in use. 2. All maintenance and repairs are to be done per the manufacturer’s recommendations and with the correct parts. 3. Place the crane where it will cause the least interference to ongoing operations. 4. Lower the boom if possible. 5. Set all controls in the off position and secure all operating features from inadvertent motion by engaging brakes, pawls, etc. 6. Lockout and tag out the engine or power system when necessary to eliminate potentially hazardous energy sources. 7. Relieve pressure components and properly block equipment or loads before repairing associated equipment. 188

8. Maintain all ladders and walkways in a clean, safe condition. 9. Adequately guard engine fans and all other dangerous moving parts. 10. Be sure controls, clutches, cables, sheaves, switches, safety devices, operator aids, and other operating parts such as axle lockouts, tires, tracks, brakes, ring gear, etc. are in good condition, properly lubricated, and functioning properly. 11. Run load blocks and the boom up and down to make sure the wire rope winds on the drum(s) correctly, is not kinked, and has no damaged components. 12. Regularly lubricate lifting and boom cables per manufacturer recommendations. 13. After adjustments and repairs have been made, the crane shall not be returned to service until all guards have been reinstalled, trapped air removed from hydraulic system, safety devices reactivated and maintenance equipment removed. 14. Modifications or additions that may affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment must not be made without written approval from the manufacturer or approval from a registered professional engineer. ENVIRONMENTAL 1. Diesel engines should receive periodic tune-ups and inspections to ensure that they are operating properly and are not polluting. Air filters should be changed routinely, especially in dusty work environments. 2. Hydraulic lines and hoses should be periodically inspected for leaks and repaired promptly when a leak is found. Repairs should be immediate if the leak is from a high-pressure hydraulic line. 3. The accidental release of hydraulic fluid, lubricant, or diesel fuel from the crane must be reported to the project team in accordance with client directives. Any release onto a waterway or body of water must be reported to the appropriate regulatory agency. Spilled or released fluid must be collected immediately along with any impacted soil or water and be handled in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. 4. All removed fluids must be disposed of or recycled in accordance with federal, state, and local law. 189

SECTION 27 RIGGING & SIGNALING PROGRAM 190

SECTION 27: RIGGING & SIGNALING GENERAL The rigging of materials being hoisted can be the detrimental aspects of the operation. Rigging must be conducted properly with safe rigging practices. 1. Only a designated rigger is allowed to place materials and equipment on the hook. 2. Only a qualified person will be the designated rigger. This person will have completed a rigger training program and have the necessary skills and experience to fulfill the task of designated rigger. 3. Site specific rigger and signal person training will be provided before any work is performed. 4. Rigger training will include: a. Familiarization with rigging hardware b. Slings and safety issues associated with rigging c. Lifting loads and lift planning d. Classroom training e. Hands-on training (including proper inspection, use, selection, and maintenance of rigging) 5. Rigging equipment shall be inspected before each use to ensure it is safe. Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary. 6. Defective equipment shall not be used and removed from service immediately. 7. Rigging equipment shall not be loaded beyond its recommended safe working load. Identification markings, indicating rated capacity for the type(s) of hitch(es) used, the angle upon which it is based, and the number of legs if more than one, shall be permanently affixed to the rigging. 8. Rigging equipment not in use shall be removed from the immediate work area so as not to present a hazard to employees. 9. Tag lines shall be used unless their use creates an unsafe condition. 10. Hooks on overhaul ball assemblies, lower load blocks, or other attachment assemblies shall be of a type that can be closed and locked, eliminating the hook throat opening. Alternatively, an alloy anchor type shackle with a bolt, nut and retaining pin may be used. 11. All employees shall be kept clear of loads about to be lifted and of suspended loads. 191

HOOKS, SHACKLES, AND BEAN CLAMPS 1. Only one eye in a hook. Use a shackle to hold two or more eyes. 2. Pin of shackle shall be placed in the hook with the eyes of the chokers being in the shank. 3. All hooks (except shake out hooks) must have a safety latch attached and be in good working order. 4. Never overload a hook beyond its rated capacity. 5. Hooks must be replaced when inspection shows spread distortion, wear, or fracture. 6. Never place a load on the point of a hook; always place the load in the center. 7. Use only approved type beam clamps or equivalent lifting devices for lifting any load. Field fabricated lifting devices must conform to applicable codes. 8. Check to make sure the clamp fits the beam and is adequate to support the load to be handled. Consider the strength of the beam flange. 9. Never use plate grips, tongs, grinder hooks, pipe clamps, etc. as substitutes for beam clamps. 10. Beam clamps shall be visually inspected prior to use by checking hooks, locking pins, and lifting eyes for distortion or other defects; inspecting welds for checks or cracks; checking bolts or locking devices for ease of operation; and ascertaining that identification number, capacity, and beam size are clearly marked on the clamp. 11. The weight of the load shall be determined to select the proper size choker. 12. Tag lines shall be used to control swinging loads except where the use of such lines would create a greater hazard. 13. Material or equipment rigging shall not be rigged from structural points, which are unstable (such as unfinished work, handrail, conduit, etc.) NYLON SLINGS 1. Nylon slings shall be inspected prior to each use and used only in the manner intended by the manufacturer. 2. Nylon slings shall not be wrapped over sharp corners or used against rough edges such as structural shapes and rebar since they have a tendency to cut without advance warning. Pads or softeners shall be used to protect the slings. 3. Nylon slings should not be used to transport loads by crane across the project yard areas due to the shock loading that can be created. 4. Nylon must be used when color band in the webbing indicates excessive wear. These slings must be immediately removed from service. 5. Dirt in the webbing sharply increases wear. The slings shall be kept in racks and not on the ground. 6. Sunlight reduces the strength of nylon. Although it is impractical to keep slings out of the sun, they shall be stored in a protected area when not in use. 7. Nylon slings are to be knotted or connected together through the eyes. Knotting reduces the strength of a sling by over 50%. 192

SIGNALING A signaling person must be provided in the following situations; 1. The point of operation, meaning the load travel or the area near or at load placement, is not in full view of the operator. 2. When the equipment is traveling, the view in the direction of travel is obstructed. 3. Due to site specific safety concerns, either the operator or the person handling the load determines that it is necessary. SIGNAL TYPES 1. Hand Signals: a. When using hand signals, the standard method must be used. Exception: where use of the standard method for hand signals is infeasible, or where an operation or use of an attachment is not covered in the standard method, non-standard hand signals may be used. b. Non-standard hand signals – when using the non-standard hand signals, the signal person, operator and lift director must contact each other prior to the operation and agree on the non-standard hand signals that will be used. 2. Voice 3. Audible 4. New signals – signals other than hand, voice, or audible signals may be used where the employer demonstrates that: a. The new signals provide at lease equally effective communication as voice, audible, or standard method hand signals or, b. The new signals comply with a national consensus standard that provides at least equally effective communication as voice, audible, or standard method hand signals. 5. Suitability – the signals used (hand, voice, audible, or new), and means of transmitting the signals to the operator (such as direct line of sight, video, radio, etc.) must be appropriate for the site conditions. 6. Transmittal – during operations requiring signals, the ability to transmit signals between the operator and signal person must be maintained. If that ability is interrupted at any time, the operator must safely stop operations requiring signals until it is reestablished and a proper signal is given and understood. 7. Safety Issue – if the operator becomes aware or a safety problem and needs to communicate with the signal person, the operator must safely stop operations requiring signals until it is reestablished and a proper signal is given and understood. Anyone who becomes aware of a safety problem must alert the operator or signal person by giving the stop or emergency stop signal. 8. Signal person – only one person may give signals at a time and all directions given to the operator by the signal person must be given from the operator’s direction of perspective. 193

9. Communication with multiple cranes/derricks – where a signal person(s) is in communication with more than one crane/derrick, a system must be used for identifying the crane/derrick each signal is for, as follows: a. For each signal, prior to giving the function/direction, the signal persona must identify the crane/derrick the signal is for, or b. Must use an equally effective method of identifying which crane/derrick the signal is for. 10. Radio, Telephone or Other Electronic Transmission of Signal – the device used to transmit signals must be tested on site before beginning operations to ensure that the signal transmission is effective, clear, and reliable. a. Signal transmission must be though a dedicated channel except: i. Multiple cranes/derricks and one or more signal persons may share a dedicated channel for the purpose of coordinating operations. ii. Where a crane is being operated on or adjacent to railroad tracks, and the actions of the crane operator need to be coordinated with the movement of other equipment or trains on the same or adjacent tracks. b. The operator’s reception of signals must be by a hands-free system. 11. Voice Signals Additional Requirements – the operator, signal person and lift director (if there is one), must be able to effectively communicate in the same language. a. Prior to beginning operations, the operator, signal person, and lift director (if there is one), must contact each other and agree on the voice signals that will be used. Once the voice signals are agreed upon, these workers need not meet again to discuss voice signals unless another worker is added or substituted, there is confusion about the voice signals, or a voice signal is to be changed. b. Each voice signal must contain the following three elements given in the following order: i. Function (such as hoist, boom, etc.), Direction ii. Distance and/or speed iii. Function, stop command 194

SECTION 28 FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM 195

SECTION 28: FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM DEFINITIONS ANCHORAGE: a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices. BODY HARNESS: straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system. Buckle – means any device for holding the body belt or body harness closed around the employee's body. CONNECTOR: a device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. It may be an independent component of the system, such as a carabineer, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee- ring sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self- retracting lanyard). CONTROLLED ACCESS ZONE (CAZ): an area in which certain work (e.g., overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems and access to the zone is controlled. DANGEROUS EQUIPMENT: equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other units) which, as a result of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment. DECELERATION DEVICE: any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially- woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest. DECELERATION DISTANCE: the additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee's body belt or body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop. 196

EQUIVALENT: alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials or designs specified in the standard. Failure – means load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded. FREE FALL: the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. FREE FALL DISTANCE: the vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur. Guardrail system – means a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels. Hole means a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface. INFEASIBLE: that it is impossible to perform the construction work using a conventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system) or that it is technologically impossible to use any one of these systems to provide fall protection. LANYARD: a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage. LEADING EDGE: the edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as the deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an \"unprotected side and edge\" during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction. LIFELINE: a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage. LOW-SLOPE ROOF: a roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). 197

LOWER LEVELS: those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT: all motor or human propelled wheeled equipment used for roofing work, except wheelbarrows and mop carts. OPENING: a gap or void 30 inches (76 cm) or higher and 18 inches (48 cm) or wider, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level. OVERHAND BRICKLAYING AND RELATED WORK: the process of laying bricks and masonry units such that the surface of the wall to be jointed is on the opposite side of the wall from the mason, requiring the mason to lean over the wall to complete the work. Related work includes mason tending and electrical installation incorporated into the brick wall during the overhand bricklaying process. PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM: a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited. POSITIONING DEVICE SYSTEM: a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning. ROPRE GRAB: a deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both. ROOF: the exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork which, because a building has not been completed, temporarily become the top surface of a building. ROOFING WORK: the hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including the construction of the roof deck. SAFETY-MONITORING SYSTEM: a safety system in which a competent person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards. 198

SELF-RETRACTING LIFELINE/LANYARD: a deceleration device containing a drum- wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall. SNAPHOOK: a connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Snaphooks are generally one of two types: 1926.500(b)(1) The locking type with a self-closing, self-locking keeper which remains closed and locked until unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection; or 1926.500(b)(2) The non-locking type with a self-closing keeper which remains closed until pressed open for connection or disconnection. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a non- locking snaphook as part of personal fall arrest systems and positioning device systems is prohibited. STEEP ROOF: a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). TOEBOARD: a low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel. UNPROTECTED SIDES AND EDGES: any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high. WALKING/WORKING SURFACE: any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties. WARNING LINE SYSTEM: a barrier erected on a roof to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, and which designates an area in which roofing work may take place without the use of guardrail, body belt, or safety net systems to protect employees in the area. WORK AREA: that portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed. 199

FALL PROTECTION OPTIONS 1. ELIMINATION OF FALLS The first and best line of defense against falls from heights. This task requires careful assessment of the workplace and the work itself. The concept of elimination is to design fall protection into the work process itself and not add fall protection as an afterthought to an inherently unsafe work procedure. You must ask yourself “is there a way to do this job without having to exposure myself or my workers to falling”? Examples of the elimination process include: a. Servicing a crane boom while it is laid down on the ground. b. Backfilling abutments, walls, etc. prior to allowing employees access to structures. 2. PREVENTION OF FALLS The second line of defense when fall hazards cannot be completely eliminated. This also requires assessment of the workplace and work process. Prevention of falls requires employees to install equipment upon recognizing a fall hazard at the jobsite. Examples of fall prevention are: a. Installation of guardrails, handrails, mid-rails, etc. b. Installation of HOLE Covers c. Installation of perimeter protection or restricting access to a certain area. 3. CONTROLLING FALLS The last line of defense. It should be considered only after determining that the fall hazard cannot be eliminated or the possibility of falling prevented. This is where fall protection equipment comes into play and the use of: a. safety nets, b. lanyards, c. body harnesses, retractable lifelines, and anchorage connectors is utilized. d. Controlling fall protection also necessitates workplace and work process assessment and planning in order to select the proper equipment, installing, and using the gear correctly. 4. CONTROLLED ACCESS ZONE (CAZ) REQUIREMENTS Controlled Access Zones are only to be used during overhand bricklaying, Leading Edge work, Precast Concrete Construction or Residential Construction. a. Procedure 1. Identify the type of CAZ required based on the work to be performed. 2. Identify CAZ line distance from the work area. 3. Place the appropriate line in the proper location. 4. Place CAZ signs in the area. 5. Restrict access to all but trained employees performing work. 200