Urban Hunter Magazine

little artists in newcastle and the hunter Got a budding little artist in your family (ages 0-12)? Would they like to see their masterpiece on the back cover of Urban Hunter Magazine? Send 300dpi scanned entries to: [email protected] Make sure to include their name and age in the email for us to add to the image. Please note: Only scanned images at 300dpi will be accepted. We unfortunately are not able to print every image we receive. please note, the views expressed by contributors are not magazine cover by darin bird necessarily those of urban hunter magazine. pull out poster by darin bird editorial contributors back cover by amaya faith burrell aged 7 anne adams, bevan jones, chantelle phillips, dan everette, dean edser, fielding hunt, jacob cliff, jenny mcmullen, kay work for the dole supervisors laming, kristle luke, lupin wolfe, phil hunter, sam mathews, lee-ann howard and richard baird selina mcdonell, serena w, solomon wolfstern, tracy mcguire editor and creative director editor extraordinaire! lee-ann howard erika niilus, ange mcpherson editorial aide photographic and art contributors richard baird amaya faith burrell, chantelle phillips, darin bird, jenny mcmullen, lee-ann ward, phil hunter, richard louis, selina magazine mascot mcdonell, xavier weber sprite thanks to the special collections department at the follow us: university of aberdeen scotland, for their help in obtaining twitter. twitter.com/urbanhuntermag the image of bowdens hotel on page 10. facebook. facebook.com/urbanhuntermagazine also, a huge thanks again to newcastle university special for editorial enquiries: collections for the j.& a. brown collection photo on page 15. email. [email protected] a heads up too, to the fabulous google advanced search button for the creative commons image search option!2

not just another magazine This magazine is a work for the dole initiative. We aim to support job-seekers to acheive economic and social self reliance through work experience. All the articles in these pages are the creative asperations of those seeking employment here in the Hunter.We recently said goodbye to a number of the Onward and upward, issue two is jam packed with the good, original job seekers who started issues one the bad and the very pretty! I hesitate to use the word ugly and two with us and who have now either in the presence of Cocky Bennett, the rambunctious andmoved on to the next phase of work-for-the-dole, or were not so mild-mannered cockatoo that lived for over a century.fortunate enough to find employment and move on to Beauty being in the eye of the beholder, I’ll let you be thepastures anew. Their hard work at helping us to create a judge of his featherless splendour (pg 8). Other articles infab and fun magazine has been amazing. Saying goodbye this issue range from places to watch the whales passingto some of the more dedicated originals (my nickname for our beautiful coastline, to an interview with a local designthose that started this journey with us) was a lot harder school, Pumphouse School of Design to see what creativethan anticipated. The eclectic mix of start-off-surly-then- magic they have planned for us Novocastrians this year.warm-to-the-task-and-love-it; with those who embraced Don’t forget our regular features in the mag: head to Rock,the project with a calm, quiet passion for their articles; along Paper, Riddle on page 48 for a head scratcher, or try outwith the cheeky-fun-loving-distractors who were always some of our job seeker approved recipes, yum! This issueteasing and joking in breaks. These are the personalities should have a little of something for everyone. I hope youthat have worked on the first couple of issues of Urban enjoy reading it as much as we have enjoyed whipping it upHunter Magazine, and they will be missed! for you! Lee-Ann Howard 3

not just another magazine•3 TABLE OF CONTENTS NOT JUST ANOTHER MAGA our botanic gardens•6 cocky bennett•8 BGOATRANDIECNASL WRHEALCE,IWPHAELES, whale, hello there newcastle•12 COLOUR METHE ROOS arnott they the biscuit•14 1HAM pumphouse school of design•18 TO playing professional •20 P2SOU worshipping life’s weird side•22 a place to perch•24 3 colouring is pun•26 what’s the deal hamilton south•28 the bike that never took off•30 raise the roof•32 the lesser of two weevils•34 help for the hunter’s homeless•38 lettuce ketchup in the kitchen•40 the type rider•44 rock, paper, riddles•48 comic•50 puzzle answers•514

AZINE ART ART ARTPLAYING PROFSHTEHLPELOLUETSHMSEERREPOFHTWOO WUEESVIELSSTSCHOOL OF DESIGN FLYI N G S PAG H E T T I MILONP O S T E RUTH PUZZcomic LES comic 5

our botanic gardens The Hunter’s only Regional Botanical Gardens featuremore than 30 hectares of peaceful landscaped grounds displaying the beauty of Australian native flora. selina mcdonell selina mcdonell The botanical gardens located outside of Heatherbrae is The garden is home to more than 3,000 living specimens a non-profit organisation run by 5 employees (4 are part in a natural bush setting with eight kilometres of easy time) and over 100 volunteers. Robert Beautement, Chief tracks and trails. There are themed gardens which include Executive Officer of the gardens says that, “...if it wasn’t both natives and exotics. It’s the succulent garden, for all of the volunteers, the gardens would not operate”. however, that is the most popular.6

Just off the Pacific Highway, many of its visitors utilise thegrounds as a stop, revive and survive opportunity to stretchtheir legs and have a bite to eat at the Kookaburra Café,before continuing their journey.Besides the usual busloads of tourists that pass througheach year, the gardens are also an optional tour on the list ofevents for the cruise ships that dock in Newcastle.The gardens are an ideal place for excursions for schools,tertiary institutions and community education groups. Theresources at the gardens include the themed areas: theGundabooka Trail, an outdoor classroom, a botanical library,an indoor display, as well as bush walking trails. The gardensalso run a Children’s Discovery Day, which they fill withactivities for children. This is held on the 1st Tuesday of theJuly School Holidays. The gardens also host RemembranceDay celebrations, held each year with the RAAF. There is alsoa photographic exhibition and competition held each month,with a sculpture competition and prizes.A recent addition to their growing list of events is a regularMusic on the Lawn event with bands, orchestras and soloartists performing to garden visitors. This is a great excuseto pack a picnic and head out with the family for some livemusic in a beautiful setting. You will have to leave Fido athome though, as the gardens don’t allow pets.A lovely location for weddings, the Botanical Gardens hosta number of these each year. The peaceful setting of thegrounds has the perfect backdrop for an outdoor wedding orreception.And look out this year, as the gardens celebrate their 30thAnniversary and will have a number of new events lined upto celebrate.The Hunter Region Botanic Gardens are always in need ofvolunteers. You can find a volunteer form on their websitehttp://www.huntergardens.org.auThey are located at 2100 Pacific Highway,Heatherbrae, NSW.Opening Hours: 9am - 4pm (excluding major public holidays). 7

cocky bennettA much loved and admired cockatoo whowas well-known in his time and endearedhimself to all who met him for his amusing repertoire and antics. fielding hunt Cocky Bennett was a sulphur crested cockatoo who lived travelling the Pacific Islands investigating the dreadful to the grand old age of 120. According to an article that practice known in the day, as “black-birding”, which was appeared in the Bathurst National Advocate in 1913, Cocky kidnapping kanakas to work on Queensland plantations was a ‘lusty, young bird’ of 13 years of age when the Battle in appalling conditions. Kanakas was the term used for of Trafalgar was fought. That’s right, the battle where workers from the various Pacific Islands who were employed Napoleon met his Waterloo. Mind boggling isn’t it? It’s a in a British colony. Nonetheless, the Detective and the little hard to comprehend when you think of the bird’s age in Captain became lifelong friends. those terms. The journalist also goes on to describe Cocky as a “... gay young bird-about-the-bush”, so you will have Later, when Joseph Bowden retired from the force, he to make of that statement whatever you will. No offence became a publican. He and his wife Sarah owned Bowden’s toward any bird, dead or alive, intended I’m sure. Hotel, situated on the corner of Castlereagh and Hunter Streets in Sydney. The hotel was famous because it had Cocky’s first owner was a cook on a ship. Also serving a Norfolk Island pine growing through the roof (see page on-board the ship was a young lad, a mere 9 years of age, 10 for image). When visiting his friend, Captain Ellis would named George Ellis. The reason is unknown, but the cook always bring Cocky with him, and promised Sarah, that when gave the bird to young George to look after and the two he died, he would bequeath the bird to her. He kept his word. soon became inseparable. Imagine what a great companion Cocky would have been for a young boy, working long hours Captain George Ellis died in 1887 when he was in the at sea. Solomon Islands. By this time he had owned Cocky for an amazing 78 years. Captain Ellis’ ship, however, continued to As the years passed, young George grew up to become work, and was constantly busy traversing every part of the Captain George Ellis and Cocky was still his constant world. Even though his owner had died, Cocky was still on- companion. Cocky went on all the Captain’s voyages, and board, traversing the globe by sea. You have to wonder how when in port, he would accompany him on visits to friends many trips at sea this bird racked up. On the ship, Captain and family. The Captian was often seen talking to the bird. Ellis’ nephew looked after the bird until he could be delivered to his new owner. It wasn’t until years later, in 1891, when A man who became a close friend of Captain Ellis, was the ship docked in Melbourne, that Ellis’s nephew hand Joseph Bowden, a detective with the New South Wales delivered Cocky to Sarah Bennett in Sydney. It shows the Police Force. They met, when Detective Bowden was dedication to fulfil his uncle’s dying wish that he delivered8

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Bowden’s Hotel, on the corner of Castlereagh and Hunter Streets in Sydney. Famous for the Norfolk Island pine growing through the roof. This is where Cocky spent many a leasurly visit abusing local birds and pub patrons alike. Thanks to the Special Collections Centre, University of Aberdeen, Scotland for this photo. the precious cargo personally. boy could only eat mushy food. Joseph Bowden died in 1889, so by the time Cocky was When his beak got out of control, Sarah would snap bits off, on his way to his new owner, Sarah had married Charles thinking that Cocky would be happy to have the nuisance Bennett. The couple moved to the Sea Breeze Hotel, which shortened. In fact, Cocky would get so annoyed that for at was located at Tom Ugly’s Point in Blakehurst. Charles least 3 days he would refuse to speak to her, or to anyone became the proprietor. else for that matter. Sarah actually kept all the pieces she’d snapped off over the years and placed them in a special bag, Life with Cocky at the Sea Breeze was an entertaining affair. but they have either been lost or stolen since then. His cage had pride of place out on the veranda where he would loudly greet the guests as they came in. He had for Cocky, being the larrikin that he was, wasn’t about to let his some 40 years now lost all but a few wispy feathers. In fact, looks get in the way of his charm. With his bright, energetic Sarah didn’t even know what kind of bird he was when he eyes, he was an extremely talkative bird and his non-stop first arrived on her doorstep. It wasn’t until the odd white chatter, antics and singing, supplied no end of hilarity to feather, with its trademark dust of yellow, appeared on the those around him. He could mimic bar tenders and patrons back of his head, that she could identify him as a sulphur to perfection. Due to the many years he spent sailing the crested cockatoo. His skin was wrinkled and almost black. seas with Captain Ellis, Cocky would imitate hauling in a His top beak grew so long and curved so much, he all but rope. He would move from one end of his perch to the other, poked himself in the stomach with it. As a result the poor taking hold of an imaginary rope and hauling on it in regular10

intervals; tugging as he went and edging backwards at the and piercing and his voice was loud and raucous and hesame time. I wonder if there was the odd ‘heave ho’ thrown could swear with the best of them.in for good measure. So great was Cocky’s popularity that, when he died on a Friday in 1916 at the grand old age of 120, the SydneyHis imitation of people was the cause of much laughter Morning Herald published his obituary. Scores of peoplefor those listening. When Cocky was harassed by other were greatly saddened as news of his passing spread.birds coming up to his cage, he would say, in his best The newspaper referred to him as “A Venerable Cockatoo”,barman’s voice, “One at a time gentlemen, please”. He who maintained his “patter” until the day before his death’.would mimic patrons, especially after receiving a sip or two Cocky is the longest living parrot on record.from someone’s glass of brew. He would wait until a quiet Murdoch Wagschall took Cocky to the well-knownmoment and then say something offensive, copying one taxidermists, Tost and Rohu so he could be stuffed andof the drinkers perfectly. This would often result in quite a mounted under glass. Wagschall’s granddaughter, Mrsruckus, as the person to whom the offensive remarks were E. Pugh, who lived in Stanwell, eventually inherited Cocky.directed, could never tell who the voice was really She presented him to the Kogarah Historical Society ascoming from. perpetual guardians. Over the years there have been many who have laid claim to possessing the real Cocky’sFancying himself as a bit of a singer, Cocky’s odd remains but the Kogarah Historical Society possesses theappearance would add special meaning to his favourite necessary authentication for the bird in their care.song. He would loudly and proudly sing “If I had a bloodyfeather, I’d be able to bloody fly”. This was always met with Cocky Bennett aged around 117, from “The Camera Never Lies” byriotous laughter, especially by those who’d Godfrey Cave Staff and Vic Giolittohad a few.The exact date of Cocky’s birthday was not known. Therewere constant enquiries from people wanting to knowwhen he was born, so Sarah chose the 1st September ashis celebratory birth date. Every year on this date piles ofbirthday cards would arrive from far and wide by Cocky’smany admirers.Attached to Cocky’s cage was a collection box to raisefunds for St George Hospital. He proved so popular thatthe generosity of those who adored him was profound. It’samazing, as enough money was raised for 3 beds to begiven to the hospital and each of the beds bore a plaque inacknowledgement of the bird’s contribution.After Charles’ death in 1898, Sarah became proprietorand kept the hotel until 1915. She gave Cocky to hernephew, who was publican of the Woolpack Hotel in GeorgeStreet, Canterbury. Murdoch Alexander Wagschall putCocky in pride of place in the bar. Regardless of his age,Cocky continued to make many new friends, and was asentertaining as ever. It is said that his eyes were ever bright 11

whale, hello there newcastle Whale migration season will be upon us soon and the Hunter has more than a few great ways to watch these majestic creatures pass our shores. From high on a cliff top to actual close up tours. kay laming There are two main breeds of whales that migrate past our reach the Antarctic they will have travelled from 5,000 to beautiful Hunter coastline, the Humpback and the Southern 10,000 km. Right whale. Although there are many more Humpbacks than the Southern Right whales this hasn’t impacted our rapidly Whales haven’t always been as cherished as they are growing whale watching industry. today. After Australia was colonised by Europeans, whales and whale products were Australia’s first primary industry. In fact, because of this growth, the Federal Government Their oil was used for many things, such as: glycerine, soap, has developed guidelines for those in the industry in order margarine, gelatine and much more. The meat was used as to protect the passing whales: no touching, no feeding food for livestock, pet food and there was even some for and vessels must travel slowly and stay at least 100 m human consumption. Whale tendons were used for surgical away. Sometimes however, whales will venture close to the stitches and tennis racket strings! watching boats, to observe you! In the early 19th century, whales were hunted in small boats After feeding in the Antarctic on krill, whales migrate north then towed back to whaling stations to be processed. After to subtropical waters to mate and give birth. The reason the development of harpoon guns, exploding harpoons and for the whale migration is because the calves aren’t born steam driven whaling boats in the 20th century, whaling with the protective layer of blubber under their skin for became so efficient it almost drove them to extinction. protection from the icy waters of the Antarctic. Without Southern Rights and Blue Whales became so scarce the this natural blanket they would die. Humpbacks became the order of the day. Then, finally in 1963, humpback whaling was Humpback calves stay with their mothers until they are banned by The International between 11 and 12 months old and can live for 50 years. Whaling Commission. Their biggest threats are attacks from Killer Whales and At last public sharks. Southern Right whales also travel north to escape the winter. It is mostly the pregnant females that migrate, while the males stay behind. From September to November the southern migration starts. The young male Humpbacks lead the migration while the cows and calves bring up the rear. By the time they12

attitude was changing. The Australian Whale Sanctuary (International Whaling Commission) ruling.was established in 1980. The sanctuary included the entireCommonwealth Marine area beyond the coastal waters There are many places around Australia you can observeof each state and territory. In these waters it became these amazing creatures, the most common tourist spotsan offence to capture, harm or herd whales, dolphins and along the East Coast being The Gold Coast, Hervey Bay,porpoises. Cape Byron and Morton Bay.Unfortunately, not all countries feel the same way about Prime spots in Newcastle to observe the whales includethese majestic animals. Japan, Norway and Iceland still Strzelecki Lookout, King Edward Park, at the end of Hicksonhunt whales with various justifications and limits. For Street, Merewether and along Frederic Street above theexample, Norway hunts the Minke whale and each year Merewether Ocean Baths.sets its own quota. In 2015 its quota was 1286, and by theend of October the whalers had killed 660 whales. Iceland There are a couple of cruises operating fromhunts the Minke and Fin whale with its set quota of 154 Finwhales and 229 Minke whales (in 2015). Newcastle in Nelson for those Bay. WhaleIn 2012 Japan hunted 297 Minke, 50 Brydes, 95 Sei, 2 Fin who like a watchingand 1 Sperm whale. Japan’s average yearly quota was 900 close up view. seasonMinke, 50 Humpback, and 10 Fin whales, but since last Nova Cruises opens inyear’s ruling by the UN’s International Court of Justice, its leaves from Lee Warf Newcastle inannual whale hunt was suspended. It recommenced at in Honeysuckle and the May and goesthe end of 2015 however, under the guise of whaling for other, Moonshadow through to August“scientific” research and argued that they killed for science Cruises, leave for the northernand then sold or gave the whale meat away to encourage from the marina migration.whale meat consumption. For 2015-2016 the whalers took333 Minke whales with over 200 being pregnant females.This goes against the ICJ (International Courtof Justice) and the IWC If you would like to support whale protection and research, here are a few organisations you can donate to: Organisation for the Rescue and Research of Cetaceans in Australia - www.orrca.org.au Australian Whale Conservation Society - www.awcs.org.au Centre for Whale Research Western Australia - www.cwr.org.au 13

arnott they the biscuit Did you know that the famous Arnott biscuit started right here in the Hunter by Scottish born William Arnott? If you didn’t, then pop the kettle on and brush up on your biscuit history. anne adams William Arnott was born in Scotland in 1827, where he powered ovens. Here he made pies, biscuits and bread for started his career as an apprentice the local community and the many coal ship crews that confectioner and baker. In 1838 his came into the Port of Newcastle. He became especially father was arrested and sentenced famous for his cakes and biscuits, particularly his Thin to seven years in Australia for Captains, his version of the traditional sea biscuits which embezzlement. He received his were given to sailors at sea. The traditional sea biscuit was exceptionally hard, dry and salty and had a very, very Certificate of Freedom in 1848 and it is long shelf life. They needed to be hit with a hammer to in this year that William and his brother David break them up. The sailors would then grind the biscuit to moved to Australia. Until 1851 the brothers were a powder and mix it with various ingredients or drink the bakers in Maitland. After some time working together in a powder in water as a type of gruel (if they had run out of Maitland bakery, they decided to part ways. William headed other rations). Because Newcastle was a busy shipping to the Turon River Diggings, where unfortunately he didn’t port, William’s Thin Captains became almost an instant hit find any gold, but did make money in the goldfields by baking and they were soon being shipped all over the world. Within bread and pies for his fellow diggers. Realizing where his 12 months, due to the popularity of his bakery,William had bread was buttered, (pun intended) William decided to repaid all the loans he had made the previous year. resume his career as a baker and headed back to Maitland. By 1870 with the help of his second wife and his two sons Between 1856 and 1861 Maitland suffered with extensive from his first marriage, William’s bakery became so popular flooding and William’s bakery struggled as a result, being that he took over the whole building in Hunter Street. washed out twice. After the second time, his creditors Sometime between 1869 and 1879 William found that the decided that they wanted full payment for the money he had business would need to expand yet again, and so he bought borrowed for the business. This almost ruined him. On top a sizeable amount of land in Melville Street, (now Union of this, his wife, who he had met on the journey to Sydney, Street). He built a factory, which he named Arnott’s Steam passed away. It was a devastating time. Biscuit Factory, named after the steam ovens used. He equipped it with the latest machinery available and also built In 1865, in an attempt to start afresh, William received a large family home on the property beside it. loans from his friends and moved his bakery to a small shopfront in Hunter Street, Newcastle (near Wolfe Street). I heard that children would go to the factory with His new business was a small bakery with rotary coke-14

pillowcases to buy broken biscuits, which were sold cheaply. In 1882 the company started sending biscuits by ship to Sydney, which proved to be very profitable. Once theOnce the new factory was built, William put his two sons Hawkesbury River Railway Bridge was opened, the businessfrom his first marriage in charge of their own sections of grew even faster.the factory. James specialised in biscuits and Samuel wasin charge of confectionery and then later the business With his family growing too, in 1893 Williamaccounts. built a new home in Mayfield and called it “Arnott Holme”.William always insisted on using fresh produce, and in 1875he bought 200 cows to produce milk for the making of his On his return from a holiday in Scotlandbiscuits. By the 1880s his factory employed approximately with his wife and daughter, he bought a300 people, and made at least 80 biscuit varieties (a large factory in Sydney making his two sonschoice of biscuit was unheard of in those days, so this was partners in the new venture. Williamextraordinary for the times). Thirty one tonnes of biscuits moved to Strathfield in Sydney, where hewere made a week, as well as cakes and pies. died in 1901.By now I’m sure you are wondering where the famous For many years the business was run byArnott’s logo fits into this story? A Captain of a Newcastle William’s two oldest sons, James and Samual, who becamecoal fleet gave a Mexican Parrot to William Arnott. William’s chairmen of the Arnott’s Biscuit Company after the deathdaughter-in-law apparently sketched the parrot on its perch of their father. They were succeeded by their half-brotherseating a biscuit one day in 1888. The family all agreed William, John and Halse.that it would make a great logo and trademark and so itwas registered as such in 1907. The actual parrot, who WW2 had a damaging effect on Arnott’s biscuit production.unfortunately we don’t know the name of, lived until 1918. Prior to the war they were producing around 150 varieties ofArnott’s Steam Biscuit Factory in Melville Street, Cooks Hill (now Union Street) image: J.& A. Brown Collection, Newcastle University Special Collections 15

biscuit and after the war ended in 1945, they were down to Sadly, the only trace left of the Arnott’s Biscuit Empire injust 19. With housewives no longer staying at home to bake Newcastle is the old family home (Leslieville), which stilland instead going out to work, and with migrants pouring stands in Union Street and is of course, Heritage listed.into the country, demand for biscuits was again on the rise. The factory, now demolished, would have been right besideWith expensive ingredients, inadequate machinery and the home, directly across from the present day Newcastleeither lost or dwindling retail and wholesale connections, Aldi Store. William Arnott’s great, great, great grandsonit was hard going for Arnott’s and other bakers to keep up Stephen, and his wife Allison, own the original bakery inwith the sudden resurgence of demand. Eventually, biscuit Morpeth and operate it proudly under the name Morpethmakers across the country came together and pooled their Sourdough.resources, helping each other by sharing premises, ovensand other equipment and contacts.the biscuit tin Milk Arrowroot Biscuit The Milk Arrowroot biscuit, or as I like to call them, baby biscuits, has been produced since 1882 with advertising campaigns running for over 60 years from 1892 until the 1950s. Thousands and thousands of mums sent pictures of their healthy children into Arnott’s and these babies became the Milk Arrowroot Children. Arnott’s would regularly select their favourite baby pictures (the healthiest looking children) and these photos would appear in Arnott’s Milk Arrowroot advertisements in daily Sydney newspapers. The children were also given a couple of shillings and a tin of Milk Arrowroot biscuits as a reward if they made it into the advertisement. Arrowroot advertisement, 1917, Sydney Morning Herald Bush Biscuits16 These old fashioned and somewhat plain treats were produced as a better, more popular Sea Biscuit and would travel well into the outback. Older Australians would probably recall these at their school canteen or corner shop. They would often be smothered in butter or if you were lucky, icing.

Hard Tack BiscuitThe Hard Tack Biscuit was originally made byArnott’s and were known by soldiers as AnzacTiles or Anzac Wafers. They had a long shelflife and were gratefully eaten by soldiers duringboth World Wars. They were exceptionally hardbiscuits and it was recommended that thesoldiers dunk them in their hot drinks beforeeating them because many a soldier lost teethon this war staple.Scotch Finger, Iced Vovo and SAO Soldiers in the 2WW stop at a Salvation Army tent for cocoa and biscuits image: Australian War MemorialThis yummy trio is exactly the same now asthey were when first made in 1906. Golliwog Biscuits The Golliwog biscuit came into production in the 1960s and made to look like the popular Golliwog toy. For a changing world however, the name became unpopular and was seen as being racist. So, in the 1990s it was renamed the Scalliwag biscuit, though the biscuit itself never changed, just the name did. They were later discontinued altogether.Arnott’s Golliwog biscuits, 1991, image: Museum Victoria Collections Tim Tams In 1958 the director of food technology at Arnott’s was travelling around the world looking for new product inspiration when he stumbled on the popular British Penguin biscuit, which was a chocolate coated biscuit sandwich. Once he returned to the Arnott’s factory he decided to make an Australian version of the Penguin. Ross Arnott, after attending the Kentucky Derby in 1958, took a liking to the name of the winning horse, Tim Tam, and so the new line of Penguin styled biscuits for Australia were named Tim Tams. In 1964 the now famous Arnott’s Tim Tam was released and soon became one of their best sellers.A 1978 Tim Tam advertimage: Arnotts.com.au 17

PUMPHOUSE SCHOOL OF DESIGN Pumphouse is a collective of experienced industry professionals with an appetite to educate and enhance student’s skills. They run courses and workshops with the style and calibre of classes not available anywhere else in the Newcastle region. phil hunter thanks pumphouse!18

Pumphouse is a boutique school of design that was Co-director Vanessa Anton says they saw a need for such alaunched in September 2015. Their aim is to provide school design school in Newcastle “… we saw a gap in the marketleavers, graduates and professionals with the kind of for short courses that target industry related skills”. Anskills and training that they could only ever receive from extended range of courses officially kicked off at the startdesign professionals. The instructors bring award-winning of this year, with a selection of one day workshop eventseducational standards, real life expertise and strong and guest speakers to inform and inspire students.connections to prominent regional practitioners as well So, what’s on the agenda this year? Here is a sample toas a history of wanting to maintain and cultivate solid and whet your appetite:industry relevant skills. • Manage and Market your Online Business – Oct 2016The brainchild of six artistic individuals with extensive • Craftorium – Throughout 2016design experience and a passion for imparting their • Creative Lettering – Oct 2016skills and nurturing creativity in others, these teachers • Design Foundation - Feb 2017have joined forces and are dedicated to advancing the • Comic and Cartoon Art - 2017skills of their students, helping each to find their niche, • Photoshop for Photographers - 2017and encouraging all to succeed in what is a fast paced, • Computer 3D Modelling in Sketchup – 2017demanding and highly competitive industry. • Game Design Concept Art – 2017Each founder and guest tutor has their own respective For more info and to see what other courses are coming up,knowledge and experience in a variety of fields, which head over to their website or drop in for a visit and a chat,include everything from design, visual arts, illustration, they are a friendly bunch.typography, game design, publishing, photography andcreative thinking.Their brand new campus in Greenway Street, Wickham,provides all the advantages of a small class environment inwhich you gain direct, personal attention from instructorswithin a studio atmosphere that is both inviting andproductive for participants. Pumphouse provides a taster oran updater, without having to commit to long courses withhuge debts. 19

playing professional in Seattle, USA at Key Arena, which sold out its capacity In the last 20 years gaming has of 17 000 seats in an hour, with fans from all over the boomed, becoming one of the most world travelling to see their favourite teams compete. The profitable industries in the world. But International 5 boasted a whopping 18 million dollar prize have you ever heard of people playing pool with the first place team walking with $6,616,014. games and making a fortune? The games that host the highest paying tournaments are: Dota 2, League of Legends and Counter Strike Global bevan jones Offensive. These games have in common is, they are all 5v5 team based games, where the teams need to work Since the 90s there has been a surge in people playing together and use strategy to achieve success. games competitively for money. In 2015 the income was The best teams pick up sponsorship deals from serious, with the highest earning player making over 1.5 companies within the gaming industry like Intel and AMD. million dollars! The tournaments are a sell out in stadiums These sponsors cover a range of expenses like travel, the size of the MCG. accommodation, equipment and some even offer salaries to teams that can win on a regular basis. E-sports stands for electronic sports and a lot of people With a surge in popularity in the last 5 years, it is crazy like to say it’s incomparable to real sports, but in reality to think what another 5 years would bring to the gaming the competitors are under the same amount of stress community. With more and more people jumping onto the as people who play a game like rugby league. Maybe not e-sports bandwagon it raises the question; will it eventually physically, but mentally. Instead of a football field in a reach the popularity of traditional sports? stadium, picture 10 computers and a huge projector for the With advancing technology and the gaming community crowd to see the game with two commentators relaying all growing every day, who knows what the future of e-sports the action, as they would in a regular sporting game. will bring. Maybe it will flourish, maybe it will crash, but for now it remains one of the fastest growing industries in the Not just anyone can start playing games and earning a world. fortune though, the amount of players that make it to a level that actually starts earning The International money is under 1%. You need to be the best of the best to make it to a competitive level. While it is not popular enough yet to be broadcast on our TV screens, it is broadcast on an online streaming platform called twitch.tv, where hundreds of thousands of avid gamers tune in to watch their favourite teams battle it out for the elusive title of being the greatest. The prize money, of course, just sweetens the pot. The recent tournament for a game called Dota 2 (The International) was hosted20

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worshipping life’s weird side When we think of the various religions and systems of beliefs that exist in the world today, we invariably think about the big ones like Christianity, Judaism and Islam. We think of religions that have been around for centuries, like Buddhism, Hinduism or Sikhism. But, what about the newer modern day religions? Interested? Then try a colander one on for size? sam mathews A religion that is regularly making an appearance in the It’s no surprise that the Board of Education chose not to news these days, and thanks to social media, becoming reply to Mr Henderson’s colourful manifesto and as a result more popular, is the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster he posted it on his website, and of course, as these things (FSM). Yes you read that right, the flying spaghetti monster. go nowadays, it instantly gained worldwide attention with his webpage garnering tens of millions of hits after the first FSM was started in early 2005 when a 24 year old physics year of publication. An internet phenomenon was born. graduate named Bobby Henderson wrote an open letter to the Kansas state Board of Education to argue against the Now with millions of followers around the world, the teaching of Intelligent Design and Creationism in schools. Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or Pastafarianism (an amalgamation of pasta and Rastafarianism) is now He stated that to him,whenever a scientist carbon dates an recognised as a legitimate religion. object, a supernatural creature closely resembling spaghetti and meatballs changes the results with his “noodle Often called a satirical religion, Pastafarianism is more or appendage”, and that his sole belief in a universe created less a social movement that promotes a light hearted view by a flying spaghetti monster is as valid as any religion one of religion and prides itself on being the only one out there chooses to follow. that hasn’t started a war over its belief that their god is superior to all others.22

With all the bloodshed and senseless brutality caused by journalist Oliver Benjamin, the primary objective of Dudeismreligions since the dawn of mankind, it’s hard to not find this is to promote a modern form of Chinese Taoism blendedone particularly intriguing. A religion, whose idea of heaven with concepts by Ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus.is a beer volcano and a stripper mill, while their hell is stalebeer and strippers riddled with STDs. Umm, is this not the Their new-age Zen approach to life is essentially a religiousfantasy of many a male university student? system stripped of all metaphysical and medical doctrines. Dudeism encourages the practice of: taking it easy, goingI guess every religion has a different way of doing things. with the flow and being cool headed in the face of life’sThe Ancient Egyptians, for example, believed cats to be uncertainties. The only way to achieve inner peace andsacred and would worship the ground they walked on; while harmony is with the appreciation of everyday pleasures, forthe Amish refuse the use of electricity, believing it to be they are seen as being the true measure of wealth.a prime connection to the outside world and could lead totemptations. Pastafarians on the other hand believe in the An estimated 250, 000 Dudeist priests have been ordainedholiness of pirates (yes, this just keeps getting better), worldwide as of August 2014, with marriages beingpirates! officiated legally by Dudeist clergy in some US states.They believe pirates to be “... absolute divine beings” who With all the seriousness and persecutions attributedwere peace-loving explorers and spreaders of goodwill. to religions and our individual beliefs in the world todayThey are staunch believers that ghost pirates are solely it’s refreshing to know that there are some religiousresponsible for the disappearance of ships and aircrafts in organisations out there that don’t take themselves toothe Bermuda Triangle and that global warming, hurricanes, seriously and are willing to accept members of every facet,earthquakes and other natural disasters are the direct provided you’re willing to walk around with a spaghettiresult of the decline in pirates since the 19th century. strainer on your head from time to time.Pastafarians will defend their beliefs and their sanctionedrights to the very end.Such was the recent case of American Pastafarian LindsayMiller. In August last year, Lindsay was denied a reneweddriver’s license by the Massachusetts Registry of MotorVehicles because her ID photo for the license had herwearing a colander on her head.Not willing to deny herself the religious headpiece, thedetermined Lindsay took the matter to the legal system andproceeded to win the right to wear the metal cookware onher head for her driver’s licence photograph on the groundsthat it was her religious right to do so.The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster isn’t the onlyoutlandish religion to have formed in recent years with thechurch of Dudeism fast gaining a cult following.Dudeism is a philosophy and lifestyle inspired by thelaidback 1998 film The Big Lebowski. Founded in 2005 by 23

Photo taken by Sarah-Jane Creativea place to perchCreative hubs are popping up all over Newcastlenurturing imagination and inspiring collaboration. The Roost is one such community who share a space, equipment and innovative ideas. phil hunter phil hunter An open studio established in 2010, the Roost is located Roost’s main goal is to enable Newcastle to be recognised in the heart of the Hunter St Mall, next to the Post Office. as a place where innovative design is nurtured and local It started as a project inspired by Renew Newcastle talent is retained. With this in mind, industry mentors are which brings commercial and networking opportunities to committed to supporting the talent and aspirations of artists, graphic designers, illustrators, photographers, web emerging designers and help expand opportunities for developers and others in the creative industry. professional development in Newcastle.24

Currently housed in an air-conditioned A friendly flock of Roosters, the doors are open for anyoneoffice, The Roost is a well presented space to pop in and say hello and explore the space, ask questionswith lots of natural light. There are a large and check out the programs and facilities they have onnumber of workstations that artists and offer. One of the most affordable of its kind, membershipdesigners can use on a regular basis. The is as easy as filling out a form online and waiting to becreative hub also hosts meeting spaces, contacted for the grand tour. Lease options include a shortequipment, lighting, wireless broadband, a term (two months maximum) and long term options (twodesign library, a chill-out area, play space months minimum). The Roost also offers a one week freeand creative software. Recently partnered hotdesk trial for new members (subject to availability).with Anitech and Canon, the Roost isnow also home to a state of the art large If you would love more info about The Roost, or would like toformat printer. They specializing in uniqueprint runs, large format prints, exhibition “We help by giving designers a placeworks, portfolio making and presentation, to mix with established peopleprototypes, visual arts. On occasion theyare also host various demonstrations, workshops and related to their industry, it’s a greatsharing techniques, as well as encouraging collaborative opportunity to network.”experimentation with different mediums. Sean Bell, The Roost PresidentMembers can use the facilities for commercial andnetworking opportunities. This initiative is the ideal spacefor students as well as graduates, the self-employed andthe small business owner.As a member of The Roost, you can transform from apost-graduate to a professional, meet clients, host events,and work as part of a team. Members pride themselves onexposing new talent within the region and their contributionto non-commercial art within the region. become a Roost member, please check out their website at: www.theroostcreative.com.au. Other spaces in the Newcastle and Hunter region that provide office space for freelancers or small business owners include: Arcade Society, Falcon Studio, Hunter Design School, Private Studio, Studio 09, The Business Centre, The Production Hub, Vice Workshop and Wallsend Business Centre. 25

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what’s the dealhamilton southWith a reputation for being the address of theless savoury in society, Hamilton South has itsshare of good hearted young families trying to make the most of this troubled suburb. jenny mcmullen jenny mcmullen Anyone who knows or has heard of the Newcastle suburb saying it, simply because of the suburb’s reputation and of Hamilton South knows it has quite a history of trouble, the response they get at the mere mention of the name which has earned it its particular stigma. For those who Hamilton South. aren’t aware, the majority of the suburb is made up of a housing commission estate (Housing NSW). Its residents While the family area of Hamilton South is somewhat are made up of all kinds of people. But the type of people it’s quieter than the other side, it isn’t 100% free of the known for is of the less savoury kind: drug users, or junkies, meanderings of unsavoury residents, drug dealers and as they have been labelled, not to mention all the alcoholics, general crime that is slowly infringing and spreading itself whose lives revolve around stumbling drunkedly from place across the whole suburb. No matter what side of the to place and passing out between drinking alcohol all day suburb you live in, when you walk down the street to the bus and every day. Sure there are plenty of those kinds of stop, or the local mini-mart, you are more than likely to find people around the suburb, but it’s important not to forget discarded syringe wrappers, dirty and used syringes, and that there are also some decent, genuine and lovely families tiny zip lock bags that the night before contained some illicit living in Hamilton South as well. drug or the other. Allegedly, half of the suburb has been made up by Housing Alleyways between streets, footpaths, even little grassy NSW to be ‘family’ friendly. This area consists of multi- patches amongst commonly used areas will usually have bedroom townhouses and apartments, mostly composed smashed alcohol bottles, or discarded alcohol cans that of young families with very small children and the odd are always posing a great risk to the young residents of the teenager. Most of the time the families that reside in the suburb. The daily journey to and from school for the children family area are decent, friendly people, whether they are that live here, is an obstacle course of drug, alcohol and single or two parent families. I asked a number of these sexual paraphernalia, not to mention dodging the odd drunk residents for their thoughts on where they lived, when or drug deal. asked by people from other suburbs. The majority of the answers I received, though not unexpected, were negative As there are always trouble makers hanging around the and really saddened me. streets, the only way Housing NSW or the police know about any trouble in the area is by the residents ringing up and There are many reasons why people that live here don’t reporting what happens. I asked what the residents would want to admit where they live. Some feel embarrassed, do if they witnessed a crime. The response varied from fear others don’t want to be judged, and some just don’t like of their families being targeted, being labelled a snitch, to28

some saying they would let the police know. As unsettling honestly, they are right to. Who would justly feel that theya task as it may be, not reporting a crime in your suburb and their family are safe surrounded by this? I don’t, andhas longer-term consequences for the area than reporting neither did those in my survey. The adult criminals don’tit. It seems a small price to pay for trying to keep the care who’s around when they are committing their crimes,suburb safe and trouble free for all the children who have to because they know that that often, out of fear of reprisal,witness (or become a victim of) crimes taking place in the people will turn a blind eye to it.streets where they live every day. It’s almost as though this is the suburb that the law forgot.Many in my survey, and others I’ve spoken to, questioned Something needs to be done to better the area, and toNSW Housing rationale for placing families with small make the residents feel safe and happy about where theychildren in the same area with alcohol and drug addicts, live. Maybe a more constant, and heavier police presenceknown criminals and sex offenders, as well as people with around the suburb would make people feel a lot moresevere mental disabilities and a history of violence, and at ease and confident when they walk their children to school every day. Another idea that came up in my survey was to remove all the residents with drug and alcohol dependencies, drug dealers, ex-criminals from the area to make it safer for children and young families. It’s time NSW Housing, and the police force took a step in the right direction and did the right thing by the children and their families in Hamilton South. Make it a safer, more family friendly suburb, one the future generation that is growing up there now, can be proud of.A typical walk to school in the morning is an obstacle course of drug, alcohol and sexual paraphernalia 29

the bike that Had this strict never took off observance for tradition been The most economical motorcycle and exercised earlier, why it never succeeded penny farthings may have remained dan everette the norm. While motorcycles remain vastly more affordable than Motorcycle cars, the possibility of the motorcycle as economical Streamlining personal transportation has been limited from reaching its potential by a series of events throughout its development. Popular in GP motorcycle racing in 1950s, aerodynamic From the riding position, the poor aerodynamic profile motorcycle fairings were utilized by motorcycle teams to and the popularity of internal combustion engines, the gain the advantage of reduced aerodynamic drag. modern motorcycle has been shaped by racing and market pressures. As teams experimented with different designs, the speeds achieved by the racers increased and there was some Recumbent Riding Position controversy when in 1957 the rules tightened to prevent their use. Reasons for their banishment were concerns As a descendant of the bicycle, the motorcycle assumes of excessive speeds, side wind stability, especially during the upright riding position, however, this is not the most turns, and not least importantly, these fairings looked efficient riding position. dissimilar to production motorcycles that were on sale. The recumbent bicycle was introduced to bicycle racing by This decision was a significant detriment to the efficiency Charles Mochet in 1933 and the lower frontal area afforded of motorcycles and reinforced the perception of acceptable by the riding position reduced aerodynamic drag, allowing motorcycle aesthetics. bicyclist Francis Faure to dominate bicycle racing. ICE and Electric Drive Trains Following the defeat of many famous and influential upright bicycle racers, who were disgruntled by the overwhelming Invented at similar times in history, the internal combustion superiority of the recumbent bicycle, they lobbied to have it engine (ICE) and the electric motor have long been rivals. banned. Despite its complexity and inherent unreliability the ICE was the best drive train for long range travel and established Only 2 months after Francis Faure’s successful distance itself as the main drive train for automobiles. record of 45.055km covered in an hour in 1934, the bicycle racing governing body, Union Cyclist Internationale (UCI) Further development reduced the reliability issues, redefined the bicycle and dishonoured the record. improved performance and efficiency, however, the inherent inefficiency and unreliability of a complex design remains. This move relegated the recumbent bicycle to obscurity. Electric motorcycles feature motor, batteries and electronic controllers to manage the battery power and often have enough torque to eliminate the need for changing gears. Fewer parts ensures greater efficiency, performance, reliability and running costs, however, the batteries rely on advanced technological advancements to increase energy30

density and range which drives up costs. steering electric motorcycle and applied the lessons learned to produce a petrol powered recumbent racer, whichDespite lower maintenance costs, electric motorcycles he raced in 2014 against upright motorcycle racers.often have prohibitive upfront costs due to being producedin limited supplies and utilising expensive electric batteries. He remarks that it is fast on the straights, but he requiresUtilising electric power for economical motorcycling has more practice in the turns, and that it is more comfortablepotential benefits but faces economic and technological than upright motorcycles.challenges delaying wide spread uptake. While manufacturers rehash existing designs, individualsComfort and Practicality like Robert Horn embark on new ideas and approaches to motorcycle design.Motorcycles are not renowned for comfort, cargo orpassenger capacity, however, these compromises allow Had history taken a different path we may have seen radicala motorcycle to propel its limited payload with greater changes to the motorcycles widely available today.efficiency. If the superior recumbent bicycle had overtaken the uprightDuring the oil crisis of 1973 many American motorists bicycle, motorcycles would surely adopt the recumbentturned to motorcycling to cope with rising fuel costs riding position where efficiency is desired.and this motivated inventor Craig Vetter to discover thepotential for motorcycling as economical transport. If motorcycle streamlining had not been ruled out of motorcycle racing, it may have become the accepted normFrom 1980-1985 Craig Vetter hosted a series of and its drawbacks minimised.motorcycle fuel efficiency contests in his name. Acombination of mechanical and aerodynamic advancements Despite the complexity, unreliability and inefficiency of theallowed contestants tucked into small fibreglass shells to internal combustion engine, it remains the most economicalachieve staggering fuel efficiency results on a course of option due to the limited production and high upfront costsreal world highway and city riding. associated with the electric drive train.Pleased with the results, Craig Vetter decided to emphasise While advances in aerodynamics can achieve great resultscomfort and practicality in recent contests, so he changed in fuel savings, it is clear that comfort and practicality arethe rules to require a comfortable upright seating position also very important factors in motorcycle design.and the storage to carry 4 bags of groceries. Regardless of the history of the motorcycle, individuals areWith these changes Craig Vetter wanted to bridge the gap shaping the future through their creativity and enthusiasm.between aerodynamic ideal and real world practicality andcomfort, so that the motorcycle should “be your first choice NSU Baumm III, Flying Hammock, 1956of vehicles in your garage”.Recumbent MotorcyclesAlthough recumbent motorcycles are not unusualconfigurations for land speed racing, they are usually notallowed to race in regular track events, but this did not stopmotorcycle enthusiast Robert Horn from building and racinghis own.Robert Horn Constructed a two wheel drive, two wheels 31

raise the roofFed up with the rising cost of electricity? Perhaps it’s time to switch to solar? dean edser Every time you open your electricity bill, you might be asking battery system? To buy and install a Tesla Powerwall, yourself, is it finally time to make the switch to solar power? inverter and 4kW solar power system it could cost you With new technologies like the home battery emerging around $16,500. If you already have solar panels installed, and making their way into the market, it seems more and you can expect to pay around $12,000 just to install the more attractive to make the switch. But, is it really a good Powerwall and inverter. financial decision to make? Determining how much power you can get out of your new Let’s take a look at the Tesla Powerwall which has recently solar panels can get a little tricky. A 4kW solar system been brought to the market in Australia. Simply put, the means it will produce 4kWh every hour if the sun is directly Tesla Powerwall is a large lithium ion battery used to store above but produces less than this when the sun isn’t the energy created by solar panels during the day for use directly above. This is where it pays to live closer to the at night and during peak times. This greatly increases the equator. In the Newcastle area, we can expect around savings from solar panels as they create most of their 16kWh a day from the 4kW solar system, but this can vary energy during the middle of the day, when most of us are not for your circumstances. at home to utilise it. So now you’ve got your solar panels and Powerwall system You may be thinking you can disconnect from the grid and installed. How long before it pays itself off and you start never pay another power bill again! While that is possible, it actually making money? Well, once again it depends on might not be the best idea. Most households use more than your personal circumstances, but we can take a look for a single 7kWh Powerwall battery can hold. While you can the average Australian. In 2014 the average Australian install multiple Powerwall batteries, each Powerwall battery used 15.93kWh a day, we’ll call this 16kWh. So, we use can only supply 3.3kW at a constant rate. Therefore, you 16kWh and generate 16kWh from our new solar system, would need upwards of five Powerwalls to be able supply perfect, right? Well unfortunately no, most of that power your house at peak times. You would also need a large solar is generated during the middle of the day and it can’t all be panel system to ensure they get charged, even during captured by the Tesla Powerwall. prolonged cloudy weather. The cost of this set up would be enormously expensive. Remember, the main idea for this Since the Tesla Powerwall has a 92% efficiency rating, we system is reducing your power bill to save you money. get about 6.4kWh from the 7kWh battery while it takes around 7.5kWh from your solar panels per day. This leaves So how much will it cost to install a solar power and home 8.5kWh left that you generate from your solar panels. As32

most of us aren’t at home to use this during the day we decreasing every year and battery technology has come amight only be able to use around 4.5kWh of this, however, huge way in the last five to ten years. So the price of thethis can vary widely with person to person. This leaves a solar panel and home battery system is only going to getfurther 4kWh that gets pumped back into the grid. That cheaper. The specifications of the batteries will also getgives us a total of 10.9kWh used from our solar panels and better, meaning you could need fewer batteries to power4kWh supplied into the grid. your whole house during peak times. So this is a big step in the right direction. Also, as more people adopt this or similarNow the exciting part, how much money are we saving? systems, the electricity price will rise as maintenance costsBefore we can answer that question, we have to take into of the grid will continue or even rise themselves. With everyaccount the cost per kWh we are paying for electricity. cent the electricity price rises, this shortens our sixteenThis can vary from company to company and on-peak to year timeframe by around six months. Another great benefitoff-peak, so to simplify things, we are going to use 23c as of having the home battery system is having power whilean average price per kWh. However, the amount we get for everyone else is in a blackout. So while this may not be thesupplying power to the grid is only around 5c per kWh. best addition to your home right now, it won’t be too long before it becomes a must for all homes.So with our 10.9kWh being used and our 4kWh beingsupplied to the grid, how much do we save? Well, we savearound $2.71 every day or $988 a year. That means ourwhole system will take over sixteen years to pay itself off.This is quite disappointing as the Tesla Powerwall onlyhas a warranty of ten years, leaving over a six yeartimeframe where you will be further out of pocketif anything goes wrong with the system.With this system, even in a best casescenario where you were ableto use all the remaining powergenerated by the solarpanels and didn’t feedany into the grid, itwould still takemore thantwelve years beforeit would have paiditself off.While this doesn’tshine a very goodlight onto the homebattery, it isn’t allbad news. The priceof solar panels andbattery storagehas been steadily 33

the lesser of two weevils Fancy a cricket leg stuck between your teeth? Sounds gross, but scientists say that eating insects is not only nutritional but environmentally sustainable in a world that is growing much faster than our agricultural productivity can keep up. serena w. Are insects really the Where in the world? future of the culinary Historically there are many reports of humans eating insects. The bible speaks of John the Baptist eating world? Prior to this article, if locusts and wild honey in the New Testament. It is estimated that 2 billion people around the world are someone asked me currently eating insects as part of their everyday diet. Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand and Viet Nam are all to have a snack on places that farm and consume crickets. Tribes in Africa and within Australia are very accustomed to eating insects as a a cricket or make part of their daily diet, such as beetles, ants and grubs. a meal out of a meal worm, I would We all eat insects regularly whether we mean to, or even know it. Insects find their way into our processed foods at a have been nauseated. What? Eat bugs? higher amount than expected. Peanut butter has an average of 30 or more insect fragments per 100 grams, while there Why would you? Give me one good reason! Well, I is an average of 60 or more insect fragments per 100 grams of chocolate. can now give you a few good reasons. This article’s Why should we eat insects? purpose is to give you a fresh new look on a bugging Food crisis issue that you may have, like myself, scrunched your Entomophagy is the practice of eating insects knowingly. nose at. There is currently an estimated 1 billion people who are chronically hungry on the planet. The world food crisis is Insects are often seen as annoying pests in our lives; going to get worse as the world’s population increases. however entomologists argue that we would be in a much According to the United Nations Department of Economic worse shape if they didn’t exist. Insects are an extremely and Social Affairs it is estimated that in 2050 there will be important element in the world’s ecosystem. For one, they are pollinators in plant reproduction. Without insects most plants would disappear. This would create a spiral effect of mammals dying out from food shortages and in turn humans would also die out. Insects play a role in improving the soil’s fertility, removing dung, controlling pests and being food for larger animals. We get products such as silk and honey from insects, as well as medical assistances such as maggot and leach therapies.34

9 billion humans alive on earth, as compared to the 7 billion for every 10kgs of input into farming beef, there is 1kg ofliving here now. To begin to fix this imminent food crisis, food; this means that there is 9kgs of waste. Insects emitinnovative thinking in the way of edible insects is a very real less ammonia and fewer greenhouse gasses and emissionspossibility of the future. than sheep and cattle, therefore contributing less to the environmental decline. Insects require much less landWe have major issues arising with the need to feed and water than livestock, therefore impact less upon ourthe world’s growing population. According to the World environment. Insects take very little to grow in comparisonPreservation Foundation, 70% of the earth’s agricultural to other animals. They take very little water and feed andlands are already being used; the land is over farmed and produce very small amounts of emission. They providethe oceans are over fished. Water shortage is becoming a you with nutritional benefits and they are a sustainablereal threat to the growth of food. Continual deforestation way to feed the growing population. There are over 1,900is the next step to producing more agricultural for farming edible insect species. There has been a lot of scientificlivestock. research involved in the idea of having insects as a major food source for humans. It has also been researched thatInsects have always been a part of many culture’s diets. insects could be largely used as feed for livestock.However, the Western cultures seem to find the idea quiteunappealing. We are the minority of the world in There is an issue of some edible insects alreadyregard to eating insects, 80% of the world’s becoming endangered due to pollution,population are already munching the over harvesting and habitat destruction.little beasts. There have been extreme Edible insects can be found in manyclaims that eating insects could be different terrains such as aquatic, farmthe solution to world hunger as such; land and forestry; however, there is ainsects may become a food staple of considerable amount of research beingthe future. placed into the growing and harvesting of insects for human consumption and forThe conversion factor animal feed.As the West gets wealthier, we have begun toconsume more and more meat. We could however, Food value/ healthsurvive on a substantially less amount of it. Meat is a veryexpensive food source on the environment. A large amount Insects are a healthy meal alternative. They have nutritionalof agricultural land is needed to farm livestock as well as a benefits of protein, calcium, iron, omega 3, B12 and B2lot of water and feed. A more efficient form of feeding the vitamins. They are high in fibre and mineral content inpopulation is needed. With 10kg of input (such as water comparison to fish and livestock. They are low in carbs andand feed) you can get 1 kg of beef, 2kg of pork, 4kgs of low in saturated fats.chicken or 9kgs of locusts. Crickets only require 1.7 kgs offeed for every kg of edible body weight gain. This is because Insect farming and harvesting for food production will haveinsects are cold blooded and require less energy to maintain the same food safety and preservation regulations as anytheir internal body temperature. This means that they are other food production. The insects that are most consumedextremely efficient in transferring their food into edible today are beetles, caterpillars, bees, wasps, ants, cricketsbody mass. and grasshoppers, locusts, cicadas, scale insects, termites, dragonflies and flies. Insects are apparently quite tasty andEnvironment can absorb flavours like tofu. They are also versatile in how you can cook with them. They are generally consumed as aInsects are a sustainable food source. As we now know, whole insect, however, they can be fried, smoked, steamed, 35

sundried, ground down into a granular form or as a paste. “Typically, 1 kg of live animal weight in a typical Most insects are reported to have a nutty flavour. United States production system requires the following amount of feed: 2.5 kg for chicken, 5 So why are we not all eating insects you may ask? Edible kg for pork and 10 kg for beef. Insects require insects are starting to sound like the best thing since sliced far less feed. For example, the production of 1 bread. There are some sceptics on the issue of insects kg of live animal weight of crickets requires as being such a revolutionary idea and their positive impact little as 1.7 kg of feed.” United Nations Food on the world. These sceptics are not against the idea of and Agricultural Organisation. eating insects, however, they don’t believe that they are any better an alternative to beef in price, or chicken in protein. Mark Lundy from the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources department says that “… the sustainability claims on this topic have been overstated given the current state of knowledge”. He goes on to argue that he is “…all for exploring alternatives, and I am impressed by the amount of innovation that has sprung up around insect cultivation and cuisine in the last few years. However, I also think we need to be open minded about what the sustainability gains are and aren’t, and focus our innovative efforts and limited resources to where they will have the most lasting impact.” Other factors that are continually detrimental to the rise of the insect feasting is that it is largely a mind over matter issue. Our perception of eating insects is that it’s unappetising and unappealing. We, as a culture, are still getting used to the idea of edible insects. Becoming more informed on the matter will allow us to make educated decisions. Also, insects are not easily available for us to purchase and eat. Buying online is currently the main access point if you wish to get your hands on some delicious bugs. Keep an eye out for the up and coming new food fad coming our way. Be one of the first in our culture to embrace eating insects, encourage and challenge those around you to think about what they are eating and how they are personally impacting the planet.36

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help for the hunter’s homeless On any given night more than 100,000 Australians are sleeping without a roof over their head, many of them young and vulnerable, exposed to the elements and living in fear. sam matthews phil hunter Before you tuck yourself into your warm, comfortable bed 1 in 8 people or 2.35 million of us have been homeless tonight, spare a thought for the over 100,000 Australians at one stage in our lives and it’s frightening to know that currently living on the street that aren’t afforded such people are more likely to experience homelessness in their comfort and security on a nightly basis. lifetime than diabetes, arthritis or asthma.38

Homelessness doesn’t discriminate and many One other organisation, the delivering deities Oz Harvest,unfortunately find themselves falling prey to it. The common has bases in nearly every capital city along the east coastcauses of homelessness are generally regarded to be of Australia and has now included Newcastle in their nobledomestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, unemployment, crusade to bring food to local charities, which is thendisability, relationship breakdowns and mental health distributed to those in need.issues, with many people falling through the cracks andfinding themselves with no option but to try and survive on Oz Harvestthe often cruel and unforgiving streets. OzHarvest is the only food rescue organisation in AustraliaThose most at risk and in need of our help are women and collecting surplus food from all types of providers includingchildren, and Australian youths under the age of 25. This fruit and vegetable markets, wholesalers, supermarkets,group make up 43% of all homeless cases, of which a farmers, hotels, catering companies, delis, cafés andstaggering 17% are under 12 years of age. restaurants, to name just a few.Of all the local charities doing their part to lower these OzHarvest takes food safety very seriously and allstartling statistics, there is one organisation that goes perishable food is collected and delivered on the same dayabove and beyond in helping the Hunter’s homeless not only in refrigerated vans to their nearest charity.have a healthy meal, but also assist with any inquiries theymay have regarding housing, medical and financial support. If you are part of an organisation that can donate food, or an individual who can donate your time, then the Soul Café andSoul Café OzHarvest strongly insist that you do so, because you aren’t only helping your fellow man but you are helping yourself byThat heaven-sent local organisation is the Soul Café. giving your precious time to those who often feel like their time has run out.The Soul Café is located on the corner of Watt and HunterStreet here in Newcastle, above the Westpac Bank (which Reach out and lend a hand to those in need. Every dollarhas allowed the café to operate rent-free for the past two that is donated to OzHarvest means they can deliver theyears). The café has served as an institute in helping those equivalent of two meals to people in need.less fortunate here in our city since its inception in 2003. If you’d like to know more about how you can help, visit theThe Soul Café is anything but a soup kitchen, it is more like a Soul Café at 2, 49 Hunter Street, Newcastle or phone themplace of refuge where the needy and downtrodden are given on (02) 4926 1758. If you would like more information ontable service and their choice of warm, delicious meals, a OzHarvest, hop on their website or call them on (02) 4940friendly ear and support. They serve over 700 meals a week, 0767.free of charge to those who need it most. Their permanentchef, staff and regular volunteers are dedicated and there Never underestimate your ability to make a difference ineach and every day to ensure that our fellow Novocastrians, somebody’s life.who are currently experiencing a run of bad luck, are fed andnot forgotten.The good work of the Soul Café is dependent on thekindness of strangers and organisations adamant aboutdonating fresh food that will feed the hungry and restoretheir faith in humanity. 39

lettuce ketchup in the kitchensimple salmon casserole anne adams Ingredients 1 large tin of salmon (drained and flaked) 2 cups of cooked rice 1 large tin of cream of asparagus soup ½ cup of evaporated milk ½ cup of grated cheese 4 tbsp of finely chopped onion 1 squeeze of fresh lemon Topping ¾ cup of Weetbix or rolled oats 10g of butter Method 1. Combine the salmon, rice, cheese, milk, soup and onion in a bowl and mix together gently. 2. Pour mix into a greased casserole dish. 3. Mix cereal and melted butter and sprinkle over the salmon mixture. 4. Bake in an oven at 180°c for 30 minutes.40

baked jam roly poly anne adamsIngredients Topping57g self raising flour 1 cup water57g plain flour 2 tbsp sugar57g butter 1 ½ tbsp butterPinch saltApricot jam to spreadMethod1. Sift the dry ingredients into a bowl, rub in the butter and mix to a dough.2. Roll out thinly on a floured flat surface and spread with apricot jam.3. Roll the dough up gently and place it on a greased baking dish.4. Boil together 1 cup water, 2 tbsp sugar and 1 ½ tbsp butter.5. Pour over the roly poly.6. Bake in oven at 180°c for 30 minutes. 41

art and recipe by chantelle phillips42

art and recipe by chantelle phillips 43

the type rider chalk lupin wolfe I write to you from the 21st of May 2013. It’s 7am and I woke up 30 minutes before my alarm was due to sound. It takes a little while for the blood to run back to my head when I sit up, but I can still read the text message I just received, saying that if I get this in by the end of the weekend, my first ever poetic rant will make it into the Word Hurl Times Newsletter. I pull up my jeans and zip up my jacket as I take to the street with chalk in my hand. \"Fall in love, not in line.\" is the new catch phrase I leave on the corner to go with last week's chalk bombing of anarchist love hearts on every tree in the street. I just can't seem to stop thinking about this one line from National Treasure where Nicholas Cage interprets a passage from Declaration Of Independence as saying, \"Those with the ability to take action have a responsibility to take action.\" Whenever I think about Lonely Planet listing Newcastle in their top ten cities in the world, I think about everything that happened afterwards. I think about how Octapod, the community arts centre that ran This Is Not Art was muscled out of the community owned T.P.I. House when a developer flirted with the idea of buying it. I think of when ‘Brand Newcastle’ was revealed in The Herald and how of the logo's twenty three colours that mostly represented Mining and Academia, two shades of urine green represented Arts and Culture. I think about grass roots movements like The Lovelorn Living Party and how the elitism of a few prevented it's aspirations for the many. I think of This Is Not Art having all its funding cut by Newcastle Council, and the overflow of crowd funding that came from the local community, as well as from those in Sydney and Melbourne, who had held it just as dear. I think of the thirty magnificent and brave fools who marched into Fat As Butter and what they stood for. And I think of how the people that stood in the way of Laman Street's fig trees, unknowingly stood in the way of an agenda to correct our culture after a glimmer of it had been exposed in a travel book. I think about culture. And then write about it in chalk on the pavement...44

do you believe in magic? solomon wolfsternWhat is magic? Ask illusionists and they’ll tell you that it’s smoke and mirrors and slight of hand. Ask religiouspersons and they’ll likely tell you that it’s of The Devil and should be avoided. But ask a magician and the mostcommonly accepted definition is “The science and art of causing change to occur in conformity with will”As defined early last century by occultist Alister Crowely.Now it might be my will to have avocado and vegemite on toast for breakfast, but that doesn’t mean havingto go to some holy site or temple to perform a magical ritual just so I can get some avocado and vegemite ontoast, I can go to my kitchen and make that myself.Now you may think that doesn’t sound very magical, but trust me, it is.Every thought you have is a prayer, and every word you write or pronounce is a spelling, and most actionsyou’ve taken have been willed by either you or someone else. Whether you’re aware of it or not, you andeverybody you know performs magic.Having said that, what sets a magician apart from the regular person, who performs magic all the time? Amagician is simply one who knows how to control their magic, and they do this by utilising the knowledge ofhermetic principles.The most well known being “As above, so below”, which means so as is in your mind, so as is in yourenvironment. Which also means that your environment has an effect on your mind as well as your lifestyle.The other isn’t so much a principle, but an understanding, that art is a natural part of magic. When askingthe regular person what art is, they’re likely to tell you that it’s a pretty picture or painting. In reality, all artis communication. When meaning is given to say, a colour, and that meaning is shared and agreed uponbetween people, every time someone sees that colour they understand it’s symbolism. The same applies toany picture, letter, word, sound, or structure.In turn, all art in your environment has an effect on your mind. And your mind creates all art. As above, sobelow.Therefore, for the magician, the casting of effective magic in order to bring about change is the same asusing effective art, and effective art is effective communication.Hopefully this column was effectively written. 45

maniacal-pause tracy mcguire She’s a hotbed of volcanic blasts Her husband doesn’t know her And often has the blues There’s a certain kind of pall She’s red and raw and sweaty It wasn’t always like this And she always wants a snooze He’s been driven up the wall It’s a waste, and a futility To think that there’s a cure For nature takes the best of us And takes our whole allure It’s a time, a place and milestone Don’t share it with a crowd The secret curse of menopause Only silent suffering allowed. What’s all the fuzz about? Why the fluid retaining? It’s transformation to old age While tummy weight is gaining She fights alone her hormone hell She doesn’t want to boast No puberty or change of heart Just a slow and steady roast She buys a fan, nudes up at night Her husband, he gets chancy Her heat is high, she’s burning up Cold showers are her fancy It’s basted and it’s burning A bitter pill to taste When everything is said and done A mid-life change is faced46

changing of the sisterhood tracy mcguireOur withered hands, sopping hair and sandy feetMeet the fresh draft and filtered light at the dressing room seatThe natural elements of where the sisterhood meetAnd our salty eyes reflect the cracked grey, puddling concreteCaked on, a white splattered bird roost rafterBelow, the joyous sounds of naked laughterChildhoods naked, tanned and peelingWomanhood, shape and shame of feelingThe turned on taps, and cascading coldGoose bumps, damp and hasty and boldThe shiver from lingering spirits still holdFor the walls still whisper of the days of oldWith cobweb drapes and rampant rustA sacred shrine, a place of trustMerewether Baths Dressing room mustHave exploited minds of pubescent lustThe timeless beauty of peeling paintAgainst dimpled thigh of a cupid saintThe furtive look and curious glanceOf pendulous breasts and grandma pantsThe young ones hide, they dress in stealthThey hide their youth and hide their healthThe old ones dress, they’re past their primeThey open up and take their timeThe bathers communal change room sceneThe sisterhood from bub to teenOr mother’s mother’s mum on showA history every girl should know 47

rock, paper, riddles a little word told me... anne adams Y J WC L A R E N D O N S G O P T M K L C TYRML ZPQ E NT G RC LMASU BY P I P BDI J L E F A AUG AT E S D KL C B I HP B A Q NR N P OR T CW L HA K RO ZP X N A Y C DA L Y A K Y G FG EEN T I J E XC HAN GE R LA K E N TWPN S G YMMA T E S L A H F WR Q E E F I N N E G A N S K Q L P O N Z G T R RWY B A I G S B EG H E R B U X C DS Y DN E YJ UNC T I ON E F R D H B A T L Z A X Q N I O Y C D GMJ I T HN R O ST C UDY S T P X N E I G O C O F M P ON H A CAM B R I DG E PK N BV S P RU L P LH O TS WX O R X F FS H AF T J L F R D X KE S ZN B I R Albion Clarendon Gates Mattara Beach Cricketers Arms Grand Pippi’s Brewery Delaney Gunyah Premier Cambridge Exchange Kent Shaft CBD Finnegan’s Mary Ellen Sydney Junction i haven’t spot a clue How many of Cocky Bennett’s lost feathers did you find in the pages of this magazine? Did you see Sprite (the magazine chihuahua) hiding anywhere?48

malcolm in the riddle kristle luke1. What starts with an E but only has a single 8. What English word retains the sameletter in it? pronunciation, even after you take away four of its five letters?2. What starts with P and ends with an E and hasa million letters in it? 9. What has no beginning, end or middle?3. What two things can you never eat for 10. What do you get if you cross a chicken with abreakfast? cement mixer?4. Malcolm went for a horseback trip on Friday, 11. Which country is the slipperiest?and returned two days later on Friday.How is this possible? 12. What is it that no man wants to have but no man wants to lose?5. How many months in the year have 28 days? 13. What’s black when it’s clean and white when6. It belongs to you but others use it more than it’s dirty?you do. What is it? 14. Why did the Bumblebee put honey under his7. Two fathers and two sons go on a fishing trip. pillow?They each catch a fish and bring it home. Why do they only bring home 3? 15. Many have heard me, but nobody has seen me, and I will not speak back until spoken to. What am I? go figure! jacob cliffab121 6231 49534 545040 757252 77668787 5599551144471721 36829311 5490593540 747747 73753454 77558888 7700227788924577 93883931 5505925505 272474 44464363 22882626 6699448855499225 9833 55255 181787 21251454 11886666 492 49

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