Participant Manual MOHSWGs

MULTIDISCIPLINARY ONE HEALTH SMALL WORKING GROUPS_ACTIVITY PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK

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Contents Preliminary Remarks Page 4 Organizing Student Clubs Page 5 One Health Concept Page 7 Roles of Different Professionals Page 9 Introduction to the MOHSWGs Page 12 Road Map &Activity Timelines Page 15 Communication Tools Page 20 Additional Resources Page 21 3

Preliminary Remarks Again, welcome everyone, and thank you so much for joining this amazing project! Hopefully, this soothes your cabin fever. It is exciting to see how a small idea from a student has grown to incorporate both students and professionals of different disciplines from many countries. It is our privilege to welcome you to the Multidisciplinary One Health Small Working Group ( MOHSWG ) pr oject which is the br ainchild of MSAKE (Medical Students Association of Kenya and SOHIC_KE ( Students One Health Innovations’ Club Kenya ). The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946 defined health as ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. One health approach is cognizant of the intricate relationship between human, animal and environmental health. It promotes knowledge exchange and collaborations that promote optimal health outcomes. An important point to remember is that the primary goal of One Health is not to bring all disciplines to just work together but demonstrates the added value of collaboration. A roadmap of the whole project and the timelines have been provided and we hope it is adequate to come up with substantial solutions that can be pursued. The Multidisciplinary One Health Small Working Groups (MOHSWGs) brings together students from different disciplines; foster collaborations and encourage systems thinking. We hope you will learn extensively from the resources provided including mentors and but most importantly, each other. A pool of postgraduate students with a field experience in One Health will also be available for consultations. In case o any queries do not hesitate to reach out to your team coordinators/ directly to mentors via slack/email. Enjoy the process and think wild, network and stay in touch….anything can be impossible until someone does it :-) 4

ORGANIZING STUDENT CLUBS TStudents’ One Health Innovation Clubs (SOHICs) he Students One Health Innovation Clubs (SOHICs) are student -led clubs that bring together students from diverse professional backgrounds to explore one-health challenges through research, learning, and development of innovation. They are part of a greater one health community, formerly known as the One Health Central and Eastern Africa (OHCEA). OHCEA was previously a network of institutions in eight countries, namely: Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, DRC, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Senegal but is currently transitioning to the Africa One Health University Network to accommodate more countries, and Universities in Africa. In Kenya, there are currently two universities represented as part of AFROHUN-Kenya : Moi University, University of Nairobi (College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences) and the College of Health Sciences). However, AFROHUN-Kenya seeks to expand to accommodate more students, from different disciplines and universities. The SOHICs are also members of the International Student One Health Alliance (ISOHA), a body that connects different one health student clubs from across the globe. The goal of One Health clubs is to build capacity of the “future” professionals through education and outreach. Many students have learnt to embrace a multisectoral approach after engaging in some of the activities. : Medical Students’ Association of Kenya (MSAKE) The Medical Students Associations of Kenya (MSAKE) is a non-profit, non-political organization that represents 5,500 medical students from 9 medical schools in Kenya. It was established in 2007 to give Kenyan medical students a platform to influence health systems through education, advocacy and community action, as well as expansion of the medical students’ academics and career space. 5

MSAKE is a full national member organization of the International Federation of Medical Students Associations (IFMSA). The main pillars of IFMSA international structure can be divided as follows:  5 regions (Africa, Americas, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe) to support the growth, development and active recruitment of national member organizations.  6 standing committees axed on the most relevant health related topics for medical students  13 Programs to streamline activities, campaigns, projects of medical students on the local and national level  External representation activities to voice out the concerns and priorities of the future health professionals 6

ONE HEALTH CONCEPT One Health is the collaborative effort examples of One Health initiatives in Africa of multiple professions, working include: together both locally, nationally, 1. Multi-sectoral initiatives such as the Zoonotic and globally – to attain optimal Disease Unit in Kenya, OH platforms in health for people, domestic animals, wildlife, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, plants, and our environment. It promotes health Nigeria and Uganda. through interdisciplinary research across different 2. Trans-Africa initiatives such as Afrique One, disciplines. African Science Partnership for Intervention The scope of One Health is broad and it Research Excellence and OH Central and separates itself from one medicine by the inclusion Eastern Africa (which is now known as of ecosystem health. Although human health AFROHUN – Africa One Health University concerns may be considered paramount, there is Network) recognition that the health of humans is 3. Regional initiatives such as Southern African inextricably linked to the health of the ecosystems Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, East in which they co-exist. One Health also reflects a Africa Surveillance Network, and a newly more preventative approach to health in launched One Health Regional Network comparison to one medicine. Although emerging (HORN) infectious disease was one of the main drivers in 4. Joint research programmes such as the Zoonoses the evolution of One Health, the concept is not and Emerging Livestock Systems where the limited to either emerging diseases or infectious Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya seeks to diseases. It is concerned with the much broader develop an integrated surveillance system in definition of health with issues like the human- livestock and Let me share a few examples of animal bond being within its scope. One Health initiatives in Africa below.. One Health Initiatives (OHI) build the Multi-sectoral initiatives such as the Zoonotic future OH workforce through curriculum review; Disease Unit in Kenya, OH platforms in Cameroon, public sensitization; developing OH policy Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and frameworks; promoting and undertaking Uganda. Trans-Africa initiatives such as Afrique integrated and applied research and surveillance as One, African Science Partnership for Intervention well as disease prevention and control. A few Research Excellence and OH Central and Eastern 7

Africa (which is now known as AFROHUN – Africa One Health University Network) Regional initiatives such as Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, East Africa Surveillance Network, and a newly launched One Health Regional Network (HORN) Joint research programmes such as the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems where the Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya seeks to develop an integrated surveillance system in livestock and humans for endemic and emerging zoonoses as well as the Transdisciplinary Consultants which address One Health issues through research. (Excerpt from Dr. Kevin Momanyi) 8

ROLES OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONALS (SAMPLED) MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH Multidisciplinary collaborations bring together groups of professionals from various disciplines to communicate and work together to generate solutions for various problems. It combines several academic disciplines, fostering teamwork which re- duces errors made in decisions around human, animal and environmental health and better outcomes are obtained. Teamwork is the cornerstone to good outcomes in problem solving and it drives positive change in the different sectors involved. The figures that follow demonstrate some of the roles of the different professionals in health. Are there stereotypes of professional roles that you have/ have heard/ read? Any benefits and challenges of interprofessional collaborations (IPC)? What roles are not indicated in the boxes below? 9

ROLES OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONALS (SAMPLED) 10

ROLES OF DIFFERENT PROFESSIONALS (SAMPLED) 1. What other professionals play role in human-animal ad environmental health? What is their roles? 2. Is there a role in community engagement? Benefits? Challenges? 11

MULTIDISCILINARY ONE HEALTH SMALL WORKING GROUPS (MOHSWGs) Background S ARS- CoV-2, a zoonotic virus, believed to institutions closing globally and many countries have originated from bats and spilled over “locking down”, just to mention a few. This diverse to humans possibly via an intermediate nature of COVID-19 effects have demonstrated the host (pangolins), has demonstrated the complexity of health and the importance of concerted importance of integrated and coordinated efforts in not efforts that are targeted_ including the one health just the prevention and control of diseases but also approach. Unfortunately, even with this knowledge acquisition, research, policy development understanding of the “wicked” challenges in health, and implementation among others . The pandemic has current models of academic specialization encourage seen all sectors within and outside animal, human and development of isolated disciplines within the environmental health hit hard, from grounded university setting, creating barriers to resource sharing economies to morbidities and mortalities, learning and academic collaboration. What are the MOHSWGs interventions. (Guidelines are provided in the manual) Participants will also have an opportunity to The Multidisciplinary One Health Small brainstorm on solutions that need to be put in place in Working Groups (MOHSWGs) are teams order to tackle existing zoonotic diseases and prevent of 5-7 students from multiple disciplines future outbreaks. During these two weeks, they will be and countries examining select zoonotic connected with experienced mentors to mentor them diseases that have had a global impact; from a one- through the process. The output will be merged to health lens. In a period of 3 weeks, the teams will be develop an information package tasked to examine a few outbreaks/ endemic/ pandemic case scenarios, perform extensive research and use the gained knowledge to suggest One Health Objectives of the SWG Project 1. For participants to gain knowledge and understanding of the One Health approach and its practical approach to tackling zoonoses. 2. For participants to propose/develop One Health solutions that are innovative which they can collectively pursue after the project. 3. To foster connectivity between professional and student bodies from multiple disciplines and institutions. 12

SWG INTRODUCTORY WORKSHOP Speakers DDr. Nickson Kiprotich Lang’at r. Lang'at is a young, open-minded veterinarian who ardently supports and champions the application of the One Health approach in solving the challenges facing humanity. While an undergraduate student at The University of Nairobi, he was privileged to serve as the Student One Health Innovation Club executive member in charge of publicity during his third year of study and later as the club’s president during his fourth year of study. Dr. Lang'at's interest is in public health, epidemiology and the effects of climate change on the occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases with an inclination to the One Health approach. The one health approach sparked his interest on the integral part the environment plays in the well being of people and animals. This propelled him to enroll for a masters degree in Environmental Governance at the Wangari Maathai Institute of the University of Nairobi. His research focuses on Rift Valley Fever (RVF), a disease that is climate sensitive and a classical disease that encompasses all the aspects of the One Health approach. He aims to build the resilience of the existing RVF surveillance strategies within the counties in Kenya. As a student of governance, he has been exposed to various institutional and sector One Health policies in Kenya and the region. Dr. Lang'at currently practices as an independent Small Animal Clinician in Nairobi County and its environs. PProtus Musotsi rotus Musotsi has a background in Environmental Health and Health Research Methods. He works as a research assistant to the Pfizer AMR project at AMPATH and consultant project coordinator for Global Integrated Innovations Africa. Protus served as former chairperson of MUSOHIC and currently serves as a mentor to the planetary health alliance campus ambassador. 13

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ROAD MAP DETAILS BACKGROUND STRENGTHS WEAKNESS In your MOHSWGs, discuss the disease: OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Keep note of the following points: 1. The origin of the disease/outbreak ROOT_CAUSES 2. Important viral properties (What makes this disease so infectious?). Establish the root causes for the 3. Historically (how many people were infected, failures sees the death rate, recovery and any other 1.Analyse the major weaknesses you relevant epidemiological data ). have identified using SWOT 4. The impact of the outbreak in populations. analysis of the zoonotic disease outbreak to 5. The impact in low and middle income find out the root causes. countries. 2.Use the tree method of root cause analysis. If (Any notable concerns, pertaining OH?)_ Write a short description you are not familiar with this analytic method, try and research on the internet or FSUCCESSES & FAILURES feel free to contact the mentors. rom the time the zoonotic disease was discovered: NPROPOSE INTERVENTIONS 1. What are the most important and ow that you have established outstanding achievements and failures the root causes and in combating the disease outbreak. challenges, success and 2.Try and identify the gaps and areas that failures in controlling the really need to be explored. disease/outbreak you are working on 3.Conduct a situational analysis using the propose targeted One Health Interventions SWOT tool. on I. How you would prevent the disease spread to humans, animals and the 15

environment YFINAL REPORT II. Mitigate fear of disease and cushion the ou will be given 3 weeks to discuss in your MOHSWGs and economy to reduce the economic costs work and develop < 6 pages III. Proposals on how to attenuate future answering the questions above. Make sure to include a page for References. outbreaks? What preparations can be done to The deadline for submitting the final document is reduce the impact of the disease/outbreak/ 26/07/2020 23:59 GMT. pandemic? Try and make sure that your work is original. Plagiarism should be less than 15%. Feel free to Explore both evidence– based solutions already contact your mentors even as you discuss the existing but do not be shy to think outside the case. We shall also work closely with mentors to box? review the submitted documents and yo Is there a role of technology? How can you bring in different stakeholders to Font size 10-12 work together? Feel free to include photos in your documents. How would you resolve communication At the end of the document, include your names, challenges? institution and course you are studying. How would you track new cases? Remember: Your solutions should include how different It is not a competition between the Small stakeholders can collaborate and work Working groups but It’s a challenge that will together to develop a healthier world. broaden your knowledge in the long run Consider carrying out a Stakeholder Analysis using the Power - Interest grid or other tools proposed by the mentors  You are free to develop models or schemes to bring out the collaborative aspect.  You can also include collaboration models and schemes that already exist and have worked before. 16

ACTIVITY ROAD MAP 17

Activity Timelines Timeline Activity 27th June - 4th July 1.Enrollment of participants/ Preparation of resources/ 6th July: 11:00 AM Reaching out to mentors GMT 2. Program launch 6th July- 25th July 3.MOHSWGs guided discussions Mentor/ Mentee Interactions 4. Deadline to submit final report 26th July 23:59 GMT 5. Evaluation of output/ 27th-31st July feedback from mentors. 6. Corrections and editing of the final 31st July-3rd August report. 7. Virtual showcase/ presentation of 8th August output plus appreciation 18

Mentors A lot of people have gone further than they could because someone else thought that they could” Zig Ziglar. Mentors will be assigned based on the topics you have selected. Feel free to also post your questions to the mentors directly via slack/ email. In case you are having trouble reaching them do not hesitate to contact your team coordinators The list below is incomplete and will be updated. DR GILBERT [email protected] DR RICHARD [email protected] DR SIMON [email protected] MS KELLEN [email protected] DR SAM [email protected] PROTUS [email protected] DR KEVIN [email protected] MRS HELLEN [email protected] DR LAURA [email protected] DR GITONGA [email protected] DR NICK [email protected] MR WALEKWA [email protected] DR DANIEL [email protected] DR WYCLIFF [email protected] More mentors 19

COMMUNICATION TOOLS G-mail/Mail allows official communication via mail. The SWG official communication email ([email protected]) Google drive allows stor age of all documents and r esour ces used in the project. Feel free to upload your content/ progress report here Zoom application All zoom meetings in the teams/within the project can to be recorded and up- loaded to the google drive. We have an unlimited zoom platform available for all participants. In case you need to use it, kindly confirm with your coordinator to see if it is availa- ble for use. Slack application Slack will be the official discussion platform. In case you are new to slack, feel free to check out this video. Feel free to post your progress on the #general page and ask questions to your mentors or organizers #questions to mentors/organizers. We would also encourage you to upload your work/ photos/ progress reports on your team’s slack channel i.e. #team_7 Most people find Whatsapp easy and convenient to use. In case you are using Whatsapp, kindly make sure you have added your coordinator and your men- tor but after their approval. You can continuously upload the content in your Whatsapp group to your slack channel 20

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 1. Ebola Virus Disease Control in west Africa: An Ecological, One Health Approach 2. One Health: Ebola - bats, bush meat and viral transmission 3. Ebola and One Health | Center for One Health Research 4. A Pandemic like COVID-19: Locusts in East Africa 5. The Public Health Implication of the 2020 Locust Invasion in East Africa 6. One Health Commission: One Health & COVID-19 7. The Importance of a Participatory and Integrated One Health Approach for Rabies Control: The Case of N'djamena, Chad Additional Resources will be shared via slack. 21

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