Apna Kal July 2018

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

ENGLISH SIDEAPNA KAL ONLINE 2PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

APNA KAL ONLINE 3PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 34 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 35 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 36 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 37 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 38 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 39 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 130 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 131 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 132 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 133 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 134 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 135 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 136 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 137 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 138 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 139 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 230 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 231 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 232 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 233 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 234 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 235 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 236 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 237 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 238 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 239 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 330 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 331 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 332 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 333 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 334 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 335 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 336 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 337 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

naturally look towards the government which is a as distant as it was then. The solution does not lie incoalition of major political parties in the country. the removal of this government and a change ofThe government, however, seems unable to solve faces– civilian or military. For a genuine changethe problems at hand .This is not new, we have seen the people of Pakistan must assume responsibilitysimilar situations previously during the tenures of for their own destiny.They should unite and makeprime ministers Benazir and Nawaz Sharif during their voice heard.For an end to superpowerthe nineties.Gen.Musharraf’s tenure is too recent dictation in our internal and external policies.For ato forget. The reason is not difficult to see.The comprehensive economic reform with landleadership of all major political parties comprises reforms and taxation of agricultural incomesof the same feudal, comprador elements and their heading the list.For a realistic program to endallies, the civil and military bureaucracy– that has corruption and waste in all branches of thelead the country into the mess it is in , in the first government.Major political parties and theirplace. This is irrespective of the distinction of a leaderships have been tested and foundcivilian or military regime . Their class interests wanting.They are elected by default for the lack ofare identical therefore their policies are also a better alternative .It is the most important task ofidentical. The recent crises in the pricing and the people to create a genuine alternative to theavailibility of sugar and atta and the helplessness of present political parties and their leadership , anthe government in tackling the problem provides a institution that is built in consonance with theclear example of this. ground realities of Pakistan. Only then can we hope to move the country out from under the From 1970, when the first free and fair detritus of history.elections were held in Pakistan till today,the idealof a sovereign,free and truly democratic Pakistan isRAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 338 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

the Subcontinent in 1947 the region that completion of which the new government obtainsconstituted Pakistan was dominated by semi-tribal the right to loot and oppress the people for the next,semi- feudal relations of production.Industry was five years.a very small part of the combined figure for thesubcontinent and mainly existed in the state sector Today, political institutions and politicali.e. railways and port and shipping.The parties are weak and unable to resist thebourgeoisie as a class was weak and consisted of machinations of an organized civil/militarysome mercantile capital and professional classes . bureaucracy because of three main reasons .First ,White collar workers constituted the lower end of the programme and manifesto of political partiesthe spectrum. The bourgeoisie forged an alliance are of no significance, the emphasis is onwith the feudal class and the civil and military personalities, therefore various political parties arebureaucracy to rule the nascent nation.This in fact extensions of different personalities.Thisalliance also had the blessings of British gives rise to the pernicious trend of dynasticImperialism.Thus the creation of a democratic politics on one hand and deprives the organizationsociety, though paramount in the thinking of the of the cementing force of a common ideology onfounders of Pakistan, was stillborn.It was this the other .Second, political organizations are notunholy nexus that was to blight the future of organized on a broad mass base with active units atPakistan for the next six decades and more . When the grass root level .The most one can see is the prothe civil and military bureaucracy was given land forma meetings of the central committee from timegrants in the Ghulam Mohammad and Guddu to time.Therefore, these organizations are notbarrage areas during Ayub’s regime , the door was capable of truly mobilizing the masses and in aopened for the creation of a new feudal class .The crisis tend to become ineffectual and irrelevant.civil and military bureaucracy benefitted greatly Third, the concept of democracy and disciplinefrom this policy thus a new stakeholder in the battle within the organization is very personalised,to preserve the feudal system was added to the lacking an organizational and ideological basis, itequation. has degenerated into the very opposite of what it is meant to be.Thus,the civil and military Feudalism is not only a retrograd system bureaucracy continues to remain the mosthistorically but a concentrated expression of its organized political party in Pakistan . Since theypolitical and economic construct in the form of embody the coersive power of the state, theyculture is pernicious , pervasive and virtually cannot be made to function in a democratic systemperpetual. In many socities, the cultural impact of unless the masses are well organized as a counter-feudalism can be seen long after the dismantling of weight. No amount of legislation or constitutionalfeudal economic structure . Authoritarianism prohibitions can alter ground realities and,bigotry, intolerence of dissent and resistance to guarentee the continuity of the democratic processprogress are a legacy of feudalism in Pakistan. unless those who believe in democracy are anPublic institutions and even political parties are effective organized force.Those who hope to buildrun like feudal estates to the exclusion of the broad a democratic society in Pakistan must keep this factmasses of the people.Since the bourgeoisie in constantly in their mind.Pakistan have lost their historically progressiverole and compromised with Imperialism on one Pakistan today stands on the brink of anhand and the feudal/tribal elements on the abyss.Growing American presence andother,elections and the parliament constituted as a manipulation of government policies directly andresult thereof are little more than a farce.This does through organisations like I.M.F. and World Bank ,not mean that elections must not be held but that total economic meltdown,breakdown of law andthey must not be reduced to a mere ritual on order and pervasive corruption are making life impossible for most Pakistanis.The peopleRAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 339 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN —PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS Dr.Rasheed Hasan KhanThe problem of a functioning democracy in development of capitalism in Europe from the year Pakistan has been a feature of our national 1500 to the present day. It was a long journey for life since the birth of Pakistan.Unless the capitalism and a long journey for democracy. Thenation correctly analyzes the problem and takes landed aristocracy which ruled Europe during thepractical measures to resolve it, we will move from early seventeenth and eighteenth century,coup to coup with interregnums of so called arbitrarily distributed privileges and monopoliesdemocratic rule.The term ‘so called’ is appropriate ,exercised control of trade and manufacturing,andbecause apart from elections and the installation of levied taxes at a whim.The new emerging capitalista parliament,there is no effort to bring about a class found this unacceptable and required a newchange in the existing political setup.A callous political and legal order for its growth and theattitude to the problems of the people and consolidation of its power.The resulting clash withdivorcement of the rulers from the masses , remains the feudal system gave rise to civil war inthe order of the day. People participate in elections England.One king lost his head and another hiswith great hope and enthusiasm only to be crown, before the supremacy of the parliament anddisillusioned within a short period of time.This capitalism was established in England. This is themay be taken to be the growing pains of democracy classic model of parliamentary democracy whichbut it is high time we learned something and grew Britain’s former colonies tried to adopt. Butout of it. because of a different social basis, such as the classAny student of history knows that every composition and the co-relation of forces in thepolitical system evolves from the economic society at that historical conjuncture achievedstructure of a given society. Parliamentry mixed results.democracy as we know it ,evolved with the When British Imperialism withdrew fromRAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 430 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

\"When Crito heard, he signaled to the slave who was standing by. The boy went out, and returned after a few momentswith the man who was to administer the poison which he brought ready mixed in a cup. When Socrates saw him, he said,'Now, good sir, you understand these things. What must I do?' 'Just drink it and walk around until your legs begin to feel heavy, then lie down. It will soon act.' With that he offeredSocrates the cup. The latter took it quite cheerfully without a tremor, with no change of color or expression. He just gave the man hisstolid look, and asked, 'How say you, is it permissible to pledge this drink to anyone? May I?' The answer came, 'We allow reasonable time in which to drink it.' 'I understand', he said, 'we can and must pray to the gods that our sojourn on earth will continue happy beyond thegrave. This is my prayer, and may it come to pass.' With these words, he stoically drank the potion, quite readily andcheerfully. Up till this moment most of us were able with some decency to hold back our tears, but when we saw himdrinking the poison to the last drop, we could restrain ourselves no longer. In spite of myself, the tears came in floods, sothat I covered my face and wept - not for him, but at my own misfortune at losing such a man as my friend. Crito, evenbefore me, rose and went out when he could check his tears no longer. Apollodorus was already steadily weeping, and by drying his eyes, crying again and sobbing, he affected everyonepresent except for Socrates himself. He said, 'You are strange fellows; what is wrong with you? I sent the women away for this very purpose, to stop theircreating such a scene. I have heard that one should die in silence. So please be quiet and keep control of yourselves.' Thesewords made us ashamed, and we stopped crying. Socrates walked around until he said that his legs were becoming heavy, when helay on his back, as the attendant instructed. This fellow felt him, and then a momentlater examined his feet and legs again. Squeezing a foot hard, he asked him if he feltanything. Socrates said that he did not. He did the same to his calves and, goinghigher, showed us that he was becoming cold and stiff. Then he felt him a last timeand said that when the poison reached the heart he would be gone. As the chill sensation got to his waist, Socrates uncovered his head (he had put Jacques-Louis David, 1787something over it) and said his last words: 'Crito, we owe a cock to Asclepius. Do pay The Death of Socratesit. Don't forget.'‘Of course', said Crito. 'Do you want to say anything else?' 'There was no reply to this question, but after a while he gave a slight stir, and the attendant uncovered him and examined his eyes. Then Crito saw that he was dead, he closed his mouth and eyelids. This was the end of our friend, the best, wisest and most upright man of any that I have ever known\" In the painting, an old man in a white robe sits upright on a bed, one handThe Death of Socrates (French: La Mort de Socrate) is a 1787 oil on extended over a cup, the other gesturing canvas painting by the French painter Jacques-Louis David. in the air. He is surrounded by other men of varying ages, most showing emotional distress, unlike the stoic old man. Theyoung man handing him the cup looks the other way, with his face in his free hand. Another young man clutches the thighof the old man. An elderly man sits at the end of the bed, slumped over and looking in his lap. To the left of the painting, thewall becomes an arch, with more men in the background.RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 431 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

On a day in 399 BC the philosopher Socrates stood before a jury of 500 of his fellow Athenians accused of \"refusingto recognize the gods recognized by the state\" and of \"corrupting the youth.\" If found guilty; his penalty could be death.The trial took place in the heart of the city, the jurors seated on wooden benches surrounded by a crowd of spectators.Socrates' accusers (three Athenian citizens) were allotted three hours to present their case, after which, the philosopherwould have three hours to defend himself. Socrates was 70 years old and familiar to most Athenians. His anti-democratic views had turned many in the cityagainst him. Two of his students,Alcibiades and Critias, had twice briefly overthrown the democratic government of thecity, instituting a reign of terror in which thousands of citizens were deprived of their property andeither banished from the city or executed. After hearing the arguments of both Socrates and his accusers, the jury was asked to vote on hisguilt. Under Athenian law the jurors did not deliberate the point. Instead, each juror registered hisjudgment by placing a small disk into an urn marked either \"guilty\" or \"not guilty.\" Socrates wasfound guilty by a vote of 280 to 220. The jurors were next asked to determine Socrates' penalty. His accusers argued for the deathpenalty. Socrates was given the opportunity to suggest his own punishment and could probablyhave avoided death by recommending exile. Instead, the philosopher initially offered the sarcasticrecommendation that he be rewarded for his actions. When pressed for a realistic punishment, heproposed that he be fined a modest sum of money. Faced with the two choices, the jury selected death for Socrates. The philosopher was taken to the near-by jail where his sentence would be carried out.Athenian law prescribed deathby drinking a cup of poison hemlock. Socrates would be his own executioner. \"What must I do?\" Plato was Socrates' most famous student. Although he was not present at his mentor's death, he did know those whowere there. Plato describes the scene through the narrative voice of the fictional character Phaedo.RAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 432 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Young black men in Chicago:Out of work, out of school, and out of luck By Sher Watts SpoonerChicago isn’t a safe or profitable online tally, updated a few times per from other states (true) or the place for young men of color, week, shows daily, monthly, and “Ferguson effect” (not true). Chicago especially on the West and annual totals of shootings and Mayor Rahm Emanuel went so far asSouth sides. That in itself is nothing shooting deaths. So far in 2016, to blame the uptick in shootings on annew. But a new report on black youth Chicago has had nearly 300 shooting anti-police backlash, saying Chicago victims and more than 50 homicides police officers have pulled back onunemployment, coupled with recent (there were nearly 3,000 shooting enforcing the law—in essence, thatsky-high shooting and murder rates, victims in 2015). that they were forced into a fetaldoesn’t leave young black men with position.many options. Nearly half of all black Now compare that map to a mapmales in Chicago between the ages of from the Chicago Department of .............................20 and 24 are neither working nor Family & Support Services that shows You can talk about illegal drugs,getting an education. u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e s i n failed schools, malnutrition, The statistics also were dismal for neighborhoods throughout the city. substandard housing, and a host ofthe city’s black teenagers. The jobless Notice the overlap. The areas with the other issues. There’s truth in all ofrate for black 16- to 19-year-olds was 88 percent. those factors. But theRates for these biggest culprit is lack of economic opportunity.demographic groups are Chicago is no differenthigher than state or from many other urbannational rates, or than areas that haverates in other large cities experienced job flightsuch as Los Angeles and from the inner city. YouNew York. And all of used to see largeChicago’s highest factories throughout theunemployment rates for city that employedblack teens and young hundreds of workers.adults were on the West Now, those sameand South sides, just as workplaces are shutteredthey are for older adults. or torn down. And not These facts and much has been left in theirfigures are from a report place.titled Lost: The Crisis of During my commutingJobless and Out of David Elam, 25, was among those testifying at a recent hearing days, I always rode theSchool Teens and Young hosted by the Chicago Urban League about youth unemployment. CTA Green Line along theAdults in Chicago, Illinois, Elam credited a summer job program with getting him out of a gang. West Side. The worstand the U.S. It’s from the sight was the old Brach’sGreat Cities Institute, an highest number of shootings are the candy factory, whichinitiative at the University of Illinois at city’s poorest and most segregated closed its doors in 2001 after 76 yearsChicago College of Urban Planning of making StarBrite Mints and Milkand Public Affairs. Its mission is to link areas and the neighborhoods with the Maid Caramels, leaving 1,100 people out of work. The company movedacademic resources with partners to highest unemployment rates. most of its candy manufacturing toaddress urban issues by providing It doesn’t take a genius to connect Europe.research, policy analysis, and the dots. Young black men with fewprogram development. The report options are getting shot in high For years, the old factory satwas produced for the city’s Alternative numbers—and that’s in the middle of empty, a broken shell of a once-School Network in conjunction with the winter. Usually these kinds of thriving company. Worse, the 12-storythe Chicago Urban League. totals are more common in the building was awash with gang signsThe jobless numbers provide only summer, when hot weather drives and symbols. It was finally torn down.half the story. The Chicago Tribune is people outside. The Rev. Michael Pfleger is headamong those that keep track of the You can blame the high incidence of St. Sabina Church in Chicago’scity’s shootings and murders. Its in shootings on easy gun trafficking Auburn Gresham neighborhood onRAOPNSAHKNAI LIsOsuNeLNINo.E90 433 March 2016PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

ON LINEA Monthly MagazinePDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com