Body Flip book_thompson

BODYSYSTEMS FLIP BOOK Alaina Thompson P. 2A

Table of ContentsIntegumentary VOCAbulary Musculoskeletal vocabulary Special senses vocabulary Nervous vocabulary Cardiovascular vocabulary Respiratory vocabulary Digestive

vocabularyUrinary vocabulary Reproductive vocabulary



INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM FUNCTION ~Protects body from pathogens ~Waterproofs the body ~major receptor to touch ~synthesize vitamin D DISEASES/ DISORDERS ~Acne Vulgaris (chronic inflammatory disease) ~Seborrheic ( overproduction of sebum) ~Miliaria ( heat rash) ~Hirsutism ( excessive hairiness) HEALTHCARE CAREER ~Esthetician ( treat/ maintain and improve facial skin) ~Burn Care Nurse ( Treatment of burned patients) KEY WORDS- Derm/o~skin Kerat/o~horny, hard, cornea xer/o~dry xanth/o~yellow erythr/o~red pedicul/o~louse, lice onych/o~fingernail,toenail myc/o~ fungus pil/o~hair lip/o~fat, lipids rhytid/o~wrinkle albin/o~white Table of contents

Vocab ● dermatology:​ ​the medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin ● keratin-​ insoluble protein that makes up hair and nails ● melanin-​ ​a dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in the skin and hair ● callus-​ a​ n abnormal thickening of the epidermis caused by constant exposure to friction ● Elasticity​- t​ he ability of a tissue to return to its original shape after contracting or stretching ● hemoglobin​ -​the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells that provides the pink to red color of the epidermis ● Carotene​- ​yellow-orange pigment present in the epidermis, accounting for the yellowish coloration of skin ● Albinism​- a​ n abnormal, nonpathological, partial, or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes ● Jaundice-​ ​a yellowish appearance to the skin and whites of the eyes due to a buildup of the pigment bilirubin ● hair follicle-​ a​ structure composed of epithelium that surrounds the root of a hair Table of contents

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTION ~act as framework ~support and protect organs ~make movement possible ~muscle movement/ action DISEASES/ DISORDERS ~Atonic (lack of muscle tone) ~hernia (protrusion of a structure through the tissue) ~chondro malacia ( abnormal softening of cartilage) ~spina bifida ( congenital defect in the spine) HEALTHCARE CAREER ~Chiropractor (manipulative treatment of disorders and alignment) ~sports medicine ( treats sports injuries in the bones and muscles)KEY WORDS- My/O-Muscle Myel/O- Bone marrow Oste/O-Bone Cost/O- Rib Crani/O- Skull Pexy-surgical fixation chondr/O- Cartilage Arthr/O- joint -plegia- paralysis Kinesi/O-movement Table of contents

Vocab ● Calcium​-​ O​ ne of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones. ● Cartilage​-​ F​ lexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces. ● Fontanelle-​ ​ S​ oft spot \"incomplete bone formation\" between the skull bones of an infant. ● osseous tissue-​ ​Bone tissue. ● Suture-​ ​ ​Immovable joint between bones, such as the skull \" cranium\". ● red bone marrow-​ F​ ound in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis. ● Sinus-​ H​ ollow air cavity within a bone. ● yellow bone marrow-​ ​ ​Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones. ● xiphoid process-​ L​ ower, narrow portion of the sternum. ● Osteoclast-​ B​ one cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue. Table of contents

Special SensesFUNCTION ~ears control hearing ~eyes control sight ~mouth controls taste ~nose controls smell ~tympan/o-eardrum DISEASE/ DISORDER~​Glaucoma​( increased pressure within the eyeball) ~(-metry)-measure ~​Microphthalmia​( one or both eyeballs are abnormally small)~C​ ataracts​ ( lens of the eye becomes progressivelyopaque, resulting in blurred vision)~​Deafness(​ lacking or deprived of the sense of hearing) HEALTHCARE CAREER~Adiologist (treats hearing loss)~ophthalmologist (treats eyes) Table of contentsKEY WORDS~irid/o-iris-~(-cusis)-hearing~(-opia)-vision condition~ot/o-ear hearingtympan/o-eardrum~opthalm/o-eye, vision~(-metry)-measure

VOCABULARY-L​ acrimal Canaliculiwhere the tears flush across the eyeball medially-E​ yeballeye itself that is a hollow sphere-​ageusiaabsence of the sense of taste-arousalState of wakefulness and alertness.-consciousnessState of awareness of self, others, and surrounding environment.-tinnitusRinging sound in the ear.-tinnitusRinging sound in the ear.-sensationAbility to receive and process stimuli received through the sensory organs-perceptionAbility to experience, recognize, organize, and interpret sensory stimuli.-judgment-C​ onclusion based on sound reasoning and supported byevidence. Table of contents

NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION -s​ ensory -c​ ommunicative -i​ ntegrative and motor functions -a​ llows the body to respond quickly to various stimuli DISEASE/ DISORDER -​ multiple sclerosis -​ neuralgia -P​ arkinson disease(losing body movements) -​ Alzheimer disease(loss of memory) HEALTHCARE CAREERNeuroscientist (someone who studies the nervous system) Neuroscience nurse (nurse who cares for neurological disorders)KEY WORDSencephal/o-brainmyel/o-spinal cord, bone marrowambul/o-walk-esthesia-sensation, feelingsmening/o-membranespsych/o-mindconcuss/o-shaken together Table of contents

VOCABULARYSpecialized cells​ -​ cells uniquely suited to perform aparticular functionConnective Tissue​-p​ rovides support for the body andconnects its partsNeurons​-​cells that transmit impulsesCell Body​-​largest part of the cell; contains cytoplasm andnucleus; controls metabolic activity\Dendrites-​ ​short branched extensions that carry impulsestowards the cell bodyAxon-​ long fiber that carries impulses away from the cellbodyMyelin Sheath-​ ​ insulating membrane around axon;creates nodes; keeps impulses moving along the axonThreshold-​ minimum level of stimulus needed to activatea neuronMeninges-​ ​connective tissue wrapping the brain andspinal cordBrain Stem- c​ onnects brain to the spinal cord; controlsinformation going in and out of the brain; controlsinvoluntary actions Table of Contents

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTION -Transport of nutrients -​removal of metabolic wastes -T​ o protect the body from infection and blood loss - help the body maintain a constant body temperature ​ ​ DISEASE/ DISORDER -​Coronary artery disease(narrowing of the ​arteries)​ -​ ​Arrhythmia​ (abnormal heart rhythm) -​Mitral valve prolapse(​ The valve between your left upper and left lower chambers do not close right) -Aortic stenosis (Your aortic valve narrows) HEALTHCARE CAREER -C​ ardiologists ( specializes with the heart)-Electroneurodiagnostic Technicians ( works with scans of the heart)KEY WORDS-cardi/o-heartangi/o-blood, lymph nodeshem/o, hemat/o-bloodbrady-slowtachy-fastthromb/o-clot-emia-blood, blood conditionleuk/o-whiteerythr/o-redarteri/o-artery Table of contents

Vocabularyventricles-​the two lower chambers of the heart, andthey pump blood out to the lungs and body.aorta-t​ he large trunk artery that carries blood fromthe left ventricle of the heart to branch arteriespacemaker-a​ specialized bit of heart tissue thatcontrols the heartbeatplaque-​A deposit of fatty material on the inner liningof an arterial walldiabetes-A​ disease characterized by abnormallyhigh levels of blood glucose.arteries-​are muscular blood vessels that carry bloodaway from the heart.veins​-vessels that carry blood to the heart from thevenulescapillaries -​exchange nutrients with tissueseptum-t​ hick wall of muscle that separates right andleft sides of hearttricuspid valve-​ The right atrioventricular valvewhich consists of three cusps Table of Contents

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTION -Inhalation and Exhalation - Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream -Air Vibrating the cords create sound -​ helping to maintain blood ph ​ DISEASE/ DISORDER -P​ neumonia (liquid in the lungs) -A​ sthma( struggle to catch their breath) -E​ mphysema -Chronic Bronchitis ​ H​ EALTHCARE CAREER -​Pulmonologist -Oncologist KEY WORDS-bronch/o-bronchialcyan/o-bluelaryng/o-larynx-oxia-oxygenoxy-oxygenpleur/o-side of bodypneum/o-lung, airpulmon/o-lung, airthorac/o- chest, pleural cavitytrache/o- trachea Table of contents

VocabNasal Cavity-​ ​the cavity behind the nose and above theroof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucus andinhaled contaminants outward and away from thelungs.Cilia​-​short structures projecting from a cell andcontaining bundles of microtubules that move a cellthrough its surroundings or move fluid over the cell'ssurfaceMucus-p​ rotective secretion of the mucousmembranesBreathing-p​ assing or able to pass air in and out of thelungs normallyBronchioles-p​ rogressively smaller tubular branchesof the airwaysLarynx-v​ oice box; passageway for air moving frompharynx to tracheaTrachea-​ one of the tubules forming the respiratorysystem of most insects and many arachnidsBronchi-T​ he passages that branch from the tracheaand direct air into the lungsLungs-​two spongy organs, located in the thoraciccavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage,responsible for respirationAlveoli-​tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for themovement of gases between air and blood

Table of contentsDIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION-Ingestion of food-Absorption of nutrients-Digestion of food-Excretion of waste DISEASE/ DISORDER-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(stomach acid backs up into esophagus)-Gallstones( hard deposits that form in the gallbladder)-Crohn’s Disease ( inflammatory bowels)-Hemorrhoids ( inflammation of the blood vessel at end of digestive tract) HEALTHCARE CAREERS-​Proctologista doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anusHepatologista specialist in the study of the liver KEY WORDS-​cholecyst/o-gallbladder-enter/o- small intestines Table of contents-col/o, colon/o- colon-hepat/o- liver-gastr/o- stomach-or/o- mouth, oral cavity-pepsia- digest, digestion-chol/e- bile, gal-proct/o- anus, and rectum

VOCABULARY-Villifingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surfaceareatongueorgan that mixes food in the mouthrugaefolds of the stomach mucosamicrovilliprojections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cell'ssurface areasoft palateuvula hangs from its posterior edgehard palateanterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity; supported by boneparietal peritoneumserosa of the abdominal cavity wallanal canalregion, containing two sphincters, through which feces are expelled fromthe bodycolonorgan primarily involved in water absorption and feces formationileocecal valveprevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it hasentered the large intestine

Table of contentsURINARY SYSTEMFunction-Removal of waste-Electrocyte Regulation-Acid-base Homeostasis Regulation-Controlling blood volume and pressure Disease/ Disorders-Hydronephrosis( enlargement of one or both kidneys)-Anuria( suppression of urine secretion)-Diuresis (increase in the production of Urine)-Incontinence( inability to control the passing of urine or faeces) HEALTHCARE CAREERS-Urologists- Treat conditions of the bladder and urethra, among Others.-Urologic Nurse- perform urinary healthexams and diagnose problems like bladder incontinence KEY WORDS-pyel/o- Renal Pelvis-ectasis-stretching, dilatation-pexy- surgical fixation-Uria- Urineren/o- Kidneynephr/o- kidneycyst/o- bladder-lysis-breakdown, separate

-cele- hernia, tumor, swelling Table of contents VOCABULARYcatheter-​Tube for injecting or removing fluidsglomerulus-​Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.meatus-o​ pening or canalpotassium-A​ n electrolyte regulated by the kidney sothat a proper concentration is maintained within theblood.renin-​hormone secreted by the kidneyureter-​ O​ ne of two tubes leading from the kidneys to theurinary bladder.uric acid-n​ itrogenous waste excreted in the urineurination-p​ rocess of expelling urine; also calledmicturition (voiding)trigone-T​ riangular area in the urinarybladder.medulla​-i​ nner region of an organ.

Table of contentsREPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMFunction Table of contents-produce sex cells-transport and sustain cells-develop offsprings-produce hormonesDisease/ Disorders-prolapsed uterus(uterus is directly above vagina)-varicocele(dilated/ twisted veins in testis)-pelvic inflammatory disease(inflammation of abdominal cavity)-crypto orchidism (lack of one or both testis) Healthcare Career-gynecologist (deals with female system) -andrologist (deals with male system)KEY WORDS FEMALE*prostat/o- prostate gland MALE*colp/o- vagina*gunec/o-woman/ female*mamm/o-breast*men/o- menstruate*orchid/o/-testicles*ov/o-egg/ ovum*salping/o-fallopian tube

*Cervic/o- cervixVOCAB t​ estosterone​-​ male sex cellse​ strogen- ​female sex cells e​ ndometrium-​mucous membrane liningareola​-s​ mall circular areacircumcision​-​surgical removal of the foreskin of thepenisclitoris-​ o​ rgan of sensitive erectile tissuecoitus-t​ h​ e act of sexual procreationcorona radiata-​the egg is surrounded by these folliclecellscorpus luteum​-​endocrine tissue which produceshormonesdysmenorrhea-​painful menstrual flow Table of contents