Nursing Theory : Caring Theory ; Jean Watson ◦ Watson, J. (2008). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring (Rev. ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.
Evaluation of Watson's theory • Watson's background in mental health nursing helped her recognize the needs of both the caregiver and the patient, which directly influenced her views on nursing and development of her theory. • Theory was started while Watson was working towards a BSN, and evolved while in her doctorate program. • Theory originally began as Watson's definition of nursing. • Theory is unique to nursing, however, Watson established the carative factors in hopes that her theory could be applied to all areas of nursing.
The Core Principles/Practices ◦Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity ◦ Authentic presence: enabling deep belief of other (patient, colleague, family, etc.) ◦ Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practice toward wholeness of mind/body/spirit—beyond ego ◦“Being” the caring-healing environment ◦ Allowing miracles (openness to the unexpected and inexplicable life events)
Core Concepts of the Theory ◦ A relational caring for self and others based on a moral/ethical/philosophical foundation of love and values ◦ Transpersonal caring relationship (going beyond ego to higher “spiritual” caring created by “Caring Moments”) ◦ Caring Occasion/Caring Moment: Heart-centered Encounters with another person When two people, each with their own “phenomenal field”/background come together in a human-to-human transaction that is meaningful, authentic, intentional, honoring the person, and sharing human experience that expands each person’s worldview and spirit leading to new discovery of self and other and new life possibilities. ◦ Multiple ways of knowing (through science, art, aesthetic, ethical, intuitive, personal, cultural, spiritual) ◦ Reflective/meditative approach (increasing consciousness and presence to the humanism of self and other)
The Ten Caritas Processes 1. Practice of loving kindness— Be kind to patients and coworkers alike. The practice of kindness (or lack of) will extend beyond the bedside. 2. Decision making—keep patients first in all decisions. 3. Instill faith and hope—Stay positive. Patients need you as a source of strength. 4. Practice teaching and learning that meets patient's needs and learning styles—involve family and visitors (that want to be involved) in patient education. 5. Nurture individual Spiritual beliefs and practices—Call a chaplain to speak with the patient who is clearly lonely
The Ten Caritas Processes (cont.) 6. Holistic Care—Ensure care needs are all encompassing and will be met beyond the bedside. 7. Helping and Trusting relationship—if you promise to come back and check on something, keep that promise. Establish a caring presence with your patients. 8. Create a Healing environment—Keep noise down to allow patients to rest 9. Promote expression of negative and positive feelings—Pull up a chair, sit and listen to a patient that is clearly upset about something. Do the same for a coworker who is having a tough shift. 10. Miracles—Believe in them. Life is one and healing people can be one too.
Global Concepts: Person Watson's Carative • One of the only theories involving the Factors related to this caregiver and the patient. concept: • The formation of • Encourages the nurse and patient to develop a trusting relationship humanistic-altruistic system of values • Requires nurse to be conscious of own • The cultivation of morals and values sensitivity to one's self 1. Encourages going beyond ones \"ego\" to and others reach a spiritual connection in promoting the • The development of a patients comfort and healing. helping-trust • The goal is to promote, protect, enhance, and relationship preserve the patients dignity, humanity, wholeness and inner harmony. • The art of caring provides compassion and eases patients and families suffering. • An individual who receives care, is respected, appreciated, cultivated and assisted with care while being viewed as an individual.
Global Concepts: Environment • Environment should Watson's Carative Factors support caring related to this concept: • accepts an individual as o The provision for a they are or who they may supportive, protective, become. and/or corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and • A caring attitude is spiritual environment attained by one’s culture to cope with its environment.
Global Concepts: Health • Applying caring values in our Watson's Carative Factors related practice is essential to our own to this concept: health, as healthcare providers. o The systematic use of the • Encourages a teaching-learning scientific problem-solving method for decision making environment that supports and o The promotion of promotes health. interpersonal teaching- • The spiritual strength of the patient learning is recognized and encouraged for o Assistance with the gratification of human needs its contribution to the health of the individual. • Holistic approach to promote health and prevent illness • Maintaining functions of daily living.
Global Concepts: Nursing • Encourages nurses to practice the \"art of caring\" Watson's Carative Factors related to and provide compassion to ease patient and this concept: families suffering. • Promotes healing and dignity but it can also o The promotion and acceptance of expand to help nurses reach their own self- the expression of positive and actualization. negative feelings • Believes that holistic health is central to the o The cultivation of sensitivity to one's practice of caring in nursing. self and others • Encourages nurses to be their genuine selves o The development of a helping-trust with their patients, which allows for development of a trusting relationship between the nurse and relationships patient. o The instilation of faith and hope • Nursing is the science of humans with experiences of health promotion and illness o The allowence for existential preventions phenomenological forces • Nursing provides care for patients and facilitates health in a professional, ethical and personal interaction.
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