CPU- COMPUTER SC

CPU [Central Processing Unit] The term CPU[Central Processing Unit] originated way back in the mists of computer time when a single massive cabinet contained the circuitry required to interpret machine level program instructions and perform operations on the data supplied. The central processing unit also completed all processing for any attached peripheral devices. Peripherals included printers, card readers, and early storage devices such as drum and disk drives. There are seven types of integral parts of the CPU. 1. ALU[Arithmetic Logic Unit] 2. Hard Disk 3. MMU[Memory Management Unit] 4. CU[Control Unit] 5. RAM[Random Access Memory] 6. ROM[Read Only Memory] 7. Cache 1.ALU[Arithmetic Logic Unit]: The Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) performs the arithmetic and logical functions that are the work of the computer. The A and B registers which are connected to the CPU hold the input data, and the accumulator receives the result of the operation. The instruction register contains the instruction that the ALU is to perform. For example, when adding two numbers, one number is placed in the A register and the other in the B register. The ALU performs the addition and puts the result in the accumulator. If the operation is a logical one, the data to be compared is placed into the input registers. The result of the comparison, a 1 or 0, is put in the accumulator. Whether this is a logical or arithmetic operation, the accumulator content is then placed into the cache location reserved by the program for the result. The following figure shows the picture of Arithmetic Logic Unit and the order of processing.

2.Hard Disk: A computer hard drive (or a hard disk or HDD) is one kind of technology that stores the operating system, applications, and data files such a documents, pictures and music that your computer uses. The rest of the components in your computer work together to show you the applications and files stored on your hard drive. The following is the picture for the Hard Disk. 3.MMU[Memory Management Unit]: The function of the Memory Management Unit (MMU) is to enable the system to run multiple tasks, as independent programs running in their own private virtual memory space. They do not need any knowledge of the physical memory map of the system, that is, the addresses that are actually used by the hardware, or about other programs that might execute at the same time. The figure below is showing the use of MMU. 4.CU[Control Unit]: A control unit, or CU, is circuitry within a computer's processor that directs operations. It instructs the memory, logic unit, and both output and input devices of the

computer on how to respond to the program's instructions. CPUs and GPUs are examples of devices that use control units. The following is the picture of CU. 5.RAM[Random Accessing Memory]: Computer memory or random access memory (RAM) is your system's short-term data storage; it stores the information your computer is actively using so that it can be accessed quickly. The more programs your system is running, the more RAM memory you'll need. The following is the photo of RAM. 6.ROM[Read Only Memory]: ROM provides the necessary instructions for communication between various hardware components. As mentioned before, it is essential for the storage and operation of the BIOS, but it can also be used for basic data management, to hold software for basic processes of utilities and to read and write to peripheral devices. The following is the photos of the ROM.

7.CACHE: Caches are used to store temporary files, using hardware and software components. An example of a hardware cache is a CPU cache. This is a small chunk of memory on the computer's processor used to store basic computer instructions that were recently used or are frequently used. The following is the picture of the Cache. Thank You