VR - 27th July

Summary and Overview Lesson 17Lesson 9: Type 2 Statement Questions• In Type 2 questions the question stem is generic, so you need to pick a different keyword for each statement. The statements are likely to be unrelated.• Type 2 questions are even more taxing, as you have to pick 4 keywords. Yet again, be wary of spending too long.• You have to be ruthless in eliminating, and you will not have time to double check.Lesson 10: Scientific and Factual Passages• Scientific and Factual passages can be difficult and abstract. To avoid getting confused, ignore unnecessary terms and information which is there to distract and confuse you.• Keywords should be easier to find, as date and scientific terms are easier to find. In general the keyword approach works well for these passages, in contrast to Writer questions where you may have to read several lines to gauge the point.• Type 2 questions are even more taxing, as you have to pick 4 keywords. Yet again, be wary of spending too long.Lesson 11: Timing StrategiesGuessing and Moving OnBy the 30 second mark:• If you have eliminated 1 out of 4, just guess and move on.• If you have eliminated 2 out of 4, invest an extra 15 seconds.First Question in a Set• Spending extra time on the first question of a set will help you understand the passage more, so will help you later on for the next three questions. Whereas, if you are doing question four, be less willing to spend extra time. 
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• UKCAT Mock Test Verbal Reasoning••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 52 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions•Khmer RougeTuol Svay Pray High School sits on a dusty road on the outskirts of Phnom Penh,Cambodia. In 1976, the Khmer Rouge renamed the high school S-21 and turned it into atorture, interrogation and execution center. Of the 14,000 people known to have entered,only seven survived. Not only did the Khmer Rouge carefully transcribe the prisoners'interrogations; they also carefully photographed the vast majority of the inmates and createdan astonishing photographic archive. Each of the almost 6,000 S-21 portraits that have beenrecovered tells a story shock, resignation, confusion, defiance and horror. Although the mostgruesome images to come out of Cambodia were those of the mass graves, the mosthaunting were the portraits taken by the Khmer Rouge at S-21.Today, S-21 Prison is known as the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide. Inside the gates, itlooks like any high school; five buildings face a grass courtyard with pull-up bars, greenlawns and lawn-bowling pitches. The ground-floor classrooms in one building have been leftto appear as they were in 1977. The spartan interrogation rooms are furnished with only aschool desk-and-chair set that faces a steel bed frame with shackles at each end. On the farwall are the grisly photographs of bloated, decomposing bodies chained to bed frames withpools of wet blood underneath. These were the sights that greeted the two Vietnamesephotojournalists who first discovered S-21 in January of 1979.In another building the walls are papered with thousands of S-21 portraits. At first glance, thephotograph of a shirtless young man appears typical of the prison photos. Closer inspectionreveals that the number tag on his chest has been safety pinned to his pectoral muscle. Witha bruised face and a pad-locked chain around his neck, a boy stands with his arms at hissides and looks straight into the camera. A mother with her baby in her arms stares into thecamera with a look of indignant resignation. The photographs and confessions werecollected in order to prove to the Khmer Rouge leaders that their orders had been carriedout1. A man in one of the portraits has had a 5 digit number tag attached to his chest.A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell2. The S-21 Prison is also a high schoolA. True Page 53 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••B. FalseC. Can’t Tell •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 3. The Khmer Rouge contains mass graves. A. True B. False C. Can’t Tell 4. Which of the following statements is true? A. There were hundreds of survivors B. S-21 was first discovered in the last month of 1979 C. Khmer Rouge is found in S-21 D. The interrogation rooms have no furniture at all.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 54 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions•A Paradise to LoseThe Amazon region is home to more than one million species of animals and plants –some 60 % of the planet’s species. The rainforest is therefore an irreplaceable archive ofbiodiversity. But it also performs valuable services for plants and the soil, by bindingconsiderable amounts of carbon dioxide, for instance.Nonetheless, the latest satellite images show that the rainforest is still under threat. Clear-cutting continues, to make space for cattle ranches and soybean plantations. Climatechange, moreover, is also beginning to threaten the wilderness.In the past 40 years, a rainforest area twice the sizes of France was destroyed in theAmazon basin. Most of this devastation occurred in Brazil, which is home to more thanhalf of the rainforest. Destructive practices continue even today, although the governmentof Brazil, with international support, is doing quite a bit to put an end to them. However,global demand for agrofuels is increasing, and Brazil’s model of economic development isbased on commodity exports. Both the national government and most state governmentsfocus on mass exports of raw agricultural products, such as meat, soybeans andsugarcane.Borges Maggi is the world’s most important soybean producer and the governor of theBrazilian state of Mato Grosso. He says that forest romanticism has no future. He andother agro-millionaires speak of defending the “constitutional right to deforestation” for thesake of Brazil's development.But Marina Silva, Brazil’s environment minister and a former rubber-plantation worker,disagrees. She supports a different development model. As she puts it, if trends are notsustainable, they are not about development, but only about repeating catastrophes.5. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be true?A. Deforestation will cease because of the significant amount of biodiversity.B. There are people who have a lot to gain economically from deforestation in BrazilC. Climate change is the biggest threat to the forestD. Brazil benefits more from deforestation than not.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 55 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 6. Deforestation should cease because: A. It is affecting the level of tourism in the Amazon as less people are visiting the forest. B. It is not vital to economic development as there are other forms of income. C. Large amounts of the forest are being destroyed at the size which is equivalent of countries. D. A large portion of the animal’s species are contained there and so it could lead to species becoming extinct. 7. According to the passage, the governor of the Brazilian state said that deforestation should continue: A. To maintain the romanticism of the forest. B. Because it is allowed to via the constitution. C. As it will help increase soybean production. D. For the development of Brazil’s economy. 8. From the information given in the passage, which of the following is not threat to the rainforest? A. Cattle ranches B. Soybean plantation C. Tourism D. Climate change••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 56 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions•Bread, Beer & YeastThe history of bread and cake starts with Neolithic cooks and marches through timeaccording to ingredient availability, advances in technology, economic conditions, socio-cultural influences, legal rights (Medieval guilds), and evolving taste. The earliest breadswere unleavened. Variations in grain, thickness, shape, and texture varied from culture toculture.Archaelogical evidence confirms yeast (both as leavening agent and for brewing ale) wasused in Egypt as early as 4000 B.C. Food historians generally cite this date for thediscovery of leavened bread and genesis of the brewing industry. There is an alternatetheory regarding the invention of brewing. Some historians believe it is possible thatbrewing began when the first cereal crops were domesticated. Sources generally agreethe discovery of the powers of yeast was accidental.\"No one has yet managed to date the origins of beer with any precision, and it is probablyan impossible task. Indeed, there are scholars who have theorized that a taste for aleprompted the beginning of agriculture, in which case humans have been brewing forsome 10,000 years...Most archaeological evidence, however, suggests that fermentationwas being used in one manner or another by around 4000 to 3500 B.C. Some of thisevidence-from an ancient Mesopotamian trading outpost called Godin Tepe in present-day Iran- indicates that barley was being fermented at that location around 3500 B.C.Additional evidence recovered at Hacinegi Tepe (a similar site in southern Turkey) alsosuggest that ancient Mesopotamians were fermenting barley at a very early date.9. Yeast was used in 4004 B.CA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell10. Some historians believe that cereal crops are responsible for the beginning of brewing.A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 57 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions•11. Hacinegi Tepe is only found in Northern TurkeyA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell12. It can be assumed that yeast was discovered accidentally.A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 58 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions£60 Fines for Being Late to SchoolCouncils are cracking down on tardy children, with parents who don’t pay up facingprosecution.Families have been told they face fines if children are repeatedly late for school, with thethreat of prosecution for those who do not pay. Councils and schools in the West Midlands,Hampshire and Essex are among those that have extended the £60 fixed penalties theyissue for absenteeism, including holidays in term time, to cases of lateness.Warwickshire county council has issued guidance to say it can fine families if pupils areoften late, defined as arriving more than 30 minutes after the register is taken. WinterGardens Academy in Essex has told parents they can be fined £60 if their childrenconsistently turn up after 9am, rising to £120 if not paid within 21 days.The government’s behaviour tsar said sanctions to improve punctuality could includemaking children collect litter, remove chewing gum or mop classroom floors before school, ameasure used in South Korea, often a leader in academic league tables. He said finescould be used as a last resort.Tom Bennet said parents whose teenage children were regularly late should walk withthem. “Most pupils would rather lose an arm than be seen walking up to school with theirparents,” he said. Bennet admits he was late for school every day when he was studying forhis A-levels. Bennet believes that the increase in technology has had a role in increasingthe number of students being late for school, because many are staying up late on theirphones.13. Which of the following statements is false?A. The implementation of a fine has reduced lateness at school.B. South Korea has a good academic model.C. The maximum fine for lateness is £60, if paid within 21 days.D. The fines for lateness currently exist in three UK districts, including Essex.14. Which of the following solutions for lateness are not mentioned in the passage?A. Make parents walk children to schoolB. Make students come in on weekends to mop floors and collect litterC. Impose financial finesD. Make students remove chewing gum••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 59 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 15. Most students would rather have their arm cut off than walk to school with their parents. A. True B. False C. Can’t tell 16. The use of technology has led to students staying up longer. A. True B. False C. Can’t tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 60 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions•You are what you eat right? You are what your gut microbes eat.And this appears to be one of the reasons giant pandas are struggling to survive. Themicrobes inside their guts are \"optimized to digest meat\" -- this despite the fact thatpandas have been eating a nearly exclusive diet of bamboo for some 2 million years.This conclusion comes from researchers' analysis of panda droppings. They collectedfecal matter from 45 pandas in the wild -- in spring, summer and fall -- and sequenced theDNA. The findings are published in the microbiology journal mBio.\"The giant panda evolved from omnivorous bears,\" the study states. \"It lives on abamboo-dominated diet at present, but it still retains a typical carnivorous digestivesystem and is genetically deficient in cellulose-digesting enzymes.” The paper adds: \"Thepeculiar characteristics of its gut microbiota may put it at high risk of extinction.\"The giant panda is arguably the most beloved animal in the world. But despite decades ofeffort from conservationists (the panda is the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund), theanimal remains endangered. Fewer than 2,000 giants pandas live in the wild, and theanimals are well known for having trouble reproducing.There are many reasons for the giant panda's perilous state, but the low diversity of its gutmicrobes is definitely not helping the situation. It is becoming conventional wisdom thathigh diversity in gut microbes makes it easier for animals to adapt to changingenvironments. The giant panda is not adapting.\"Unlike other herbivores that have successfully evolved anatomically specialized digestivesystems to efficiently deconstruct fibrous plant matter, the giant panda still retains agastrointestinal tract typical of carnivores,\" the researchers write. 17. Gut microbiota is at high risk of infectionA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell18. There are less than 2000 giant pandas left in the world.A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 61 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 19. The panda is a herbivore A. True B. False C. Can’t Tell 20. mBio is a neurobiology journal A. True B. False C. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 62 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• The History of PizzaThe precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romansas panis focacius, to which toppings were then added. Modern pizza developedin Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century. Neapolitanpizza itself is believed to have originated from a similar dish called Jeyoun.The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta[4] and successively in differentparts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and byemigrants from there. This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed inItaly came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foodsFoods similar to pizza have been made since the neolithic age. Records of people addingother ingredients to bread to make it more flavorful can be found throughout ancienthistory. • In Sardinia, French and Italian archaeologists have found bread baked over 7,000 years ago. According to Professor Philippe Marinval, the local islanders leavened this bread. • The Ancient Greeks had a flat bread called plakous (πλακοῦς, gen. πλακοῦντος —plakountos) which was flavored with toppings like herbs, onion, and garlic. • In the 6th century BC, the soldiers in Persian King Darius I armies baked flatbreads with cheese and dates on top of their battle shields. • An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the Aeneid (ca. 19 BC), when Celaeno, queen of the Harpies, foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III).21. The first mention of food like pizza was in AD 997A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell22. Plakous is seasoned with garlicA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 63 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 23. The pizza we eat today was developed in Torino A. True B. False C. Can’t Tell 24. Pizza is Italy’s signature dish A. True B. False C. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 64 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam QuestionsMt Fuji, Lake Ashi and Bullet Train Day Trip from TokyoAfter morning pickup at selected Tokyo hotels or Hamamatsucho Bus Terminal, relax asyour deluxe coach cruises along a scenic 2.5-hour route to Mt Fuji Visitor Center. Learnabout the history and geology of Japan’s highest mountain from your guide and theinformational exhibits about the revered mountain. From the second floor observationdeck, you can get great views of Mt Fuji on a clear day. After seeing the Visitor Center,return to your coach and proceed to Mt Fuji’s 5th Station, located about halfway up themountain at 7,545 feet (2,300m).Take in the shrines, torii gates and shops that sell souvenirs, along with views of Mt Fujiand the surrounding lakes (subject to weather conditions). Soak in the invigoratingatmosphere of 5th Station; you might even spot some climbers preparing for theiradventure. Then have time for lunch. You can choose the upgrade that includes aJapanese-style lunch, or have the option to buy your own meal.After having a bite to eat,drive to nearby Lake Ashi, located in Hakone National Park. Step aboard your boat for ashort cruise across the lake. Admire the spectacular scenery of pristine waterssurrounded by Mt Komagatake, Mt Fuji and other mountains. Disembark from the boatand head to the Mt Komagatake Ropeway, an aerial tram that takes you from the shoresof Lake Ashi to the top of Mt Komagatake.Have time to walk around the mountain top and take in amazing views of Lake Ashi, theOwakudani volcanic valley and majestic Mt Fuji. After visiting Hakone, transfer by coachto the evening bullet train (Shinkansen) for your return to Tokyo, where your guide will tellyou how to get back to your hotel.This tour also offer a discounted option with pickup at Keio Plaza Hotel in Shinjuku fordirect transfer to Mt Fuji without stopping at Hamamatsucho Bus Terminal. This Shinjukudirect departure option allows you to spend more time at Mt Fuji.Please note: Views around Mt Fuji are always subject to weather conditions as mountainweather is notoriously unpredictable. Visibility tends to be better during the coldermonths, in the early morning and late evening.25. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?A. From the second floor observation deck, it is still possible to get great views on a rainy day.B. The upgrade to have a Japanese style mention is worth it.C. The scenery around Mt Komagatake is stunningD. The Hamamatsucho Bus Terminal is a must-see.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 65 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions• 26. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. There is no option for lunch on this trip B. It takes more than 3 hours to reach Mt Fuji Visitor Center from the pick-up point. C. Mt Fuji is under 5000m tall. D. Views around Mt Fuji are always majestic. 27. Which of the following statements is true? A. The guide will drop you off to your hotel. B. Shinkansen is the name of the bus company. C. Lake Ashi is located in Mt Komagatake Ropeway D. There is an option to avoid going to Hamamatsucho Bus Terminal. 28. The author suggests that which of these monuments has the most revitalising atmosphere? A. Mt Fuju B. 5th Station C. Lake Ashi D. Hakone National Park••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 66 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam QuestionsNew HIV GuidelinesAccording to a new WHO progress report lack of an HIV diagnosis is a major obstacleto implementing the Organization’s recommendation that everyone with HIV should beoffered antiretroviral therapy (ART).The report reveals that more than 18 million people with HIV are currently taking ART,and a similar number is still unable to access treatment, the majority of which areunaware of their HIV positive status. Today, 40% of all people with HIV (over 14million) remain unaware of their status. Many of these are people at higher risk of HIVinfection who often find it difficult to access existing testing services.\"Millions of people with HIV are still missing out on life-saving treatment, which canalso prevent HIV transmission to others,\" said Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. \"HIV self-testing should open the door for many more people to know theirHIV status and find out how to get treatment and access prevention services.”HIV self-testing means people can use oral fluid or blood- finger-pricks to discover theirstatus in a private and convenient setting. Results are ready within 20 minutes or less.Those with positive results are advised to seek confirmatory tests at health clinics.WHO recommends they receive information and links to counselling as well as rapidreferral to prevention, treatment and care services.HIV self-testing is a way to reach more people with undiagnosed HIV and represents astep forward to empower individuals, diagnose people earlier before they become sick,bring services closer to where people live, and create demand for HIV testing. This isparticularly important for those people facing barriers to accessing existing services.Between 2005 and 2015 the proportion of people with HIV learning of their statusincreased from 12% to 60% globally. This increase in HIV testing uptake worldwidehas led to more than 80% of all people diagnosed with HIV receiving ART.29. Everyone is not offered antiretroviral therapy only because of a lack of HIV diagnosisA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 67 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions30. If more people self-test for HIV, it is likely that will correlate with increased treatmentA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell31. In 10 years, the number of people with HIV learning of their status has increased more than 5-foldA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell32. HIV self-testing is beneficial mainly because it is economically viable.A. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell33. Between 15-20 million people with HIV are unable to access treatmentA. TrueB. FalseC. Can’t Tell••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 49 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam QuestionsA Nap a Day Keeps the Doctor AwayThe effect of napping on memory consolidation is also influenced by how often ittakes place. Milner, Fogel and Cote (2006) found that following a 20-minute nap,those who napped habitually (i.e. more than twice a week) improved more on aprocedural motor learning task after a nap than those who only napped non-habitually (i.e. less than twice a month).These results are corroborated with the previously discussed study by Kurdziel etal. (2013), where children who napped habitually had the greatest benefit indeclarative memory performance. One flaw of the study by Milner et al. (2006), isthat napping behaviour was decided based on frequency of naps rather thanpreference, as adults may be habitual nappers but may not have the time to do so.Nonetheless, it could also be argued that the participants were students and so didhave sufficient time to carry out their desired napping preference. Looking at napdesirability, research by Evans et al. (1977) found that there were differences in napinfrastructure in appetitive nappers (nap unrelated to sleep need), replacementnappers (nap when tired) and sporadic nappers. Dinges, Orne EC, Orne MT andEvans (1980) carried out a replication study following on from this research, andfound that appetitive nappers had greater stage 1 sleep and more stage changesthan a group of non-nappers.The variation in how often people take naps, and the reasons for it could thereforehave an impact on memory consolidation, as differing sleep composition has shownto be an influence.34. Which of these are not a type of napper?A. Appetitive napperB. Replacement napperC. Frequent napperD. Sporadic napper35. Which of these authors are not mentioned in the text?A. EvansB. BurgessC. DingesD. Kurdziel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 50 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Exam Questions36. Which of these was a potential weakness in the study by Milner et al. (2006)?A. The participants were students and so did have enough time to carry out their desired napping.B. Napping was not based on inclination for napping.C. The variation in how often people take napsD. Composition of sleep may have varied37. Which of these is the correct time period for a habitual napper?A. Less than once a weekB. Twice a weekC. More than twice a weekD. Less than twice a week••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 51 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Summary and Overview Lesson 17Flagging Questions• Never flag without putting a guess down at the very minimum• If you were stuck on the first question, go back to it at the end of the fourth question, rather than at the end. It can be difficult to re-familiarise yourself with the passage if you get time at the end.• Use the whiteboard to write down which answers were complete guesses (G) or answers you were unsure about (U).Lesson 12: Reverse Questions• An example of a Reverse question is “Which of the following is not true?”.• Working by elimination is the best technique for Reverse questions• The correct answer may be False or Can’t Tell. The incorrect answer can be True or Can’t Tell. Identify what you are looking for because this will help you choose the right approach (see the table in Lesson 11).Lesson 13: Timing ContingenciesStrategy 1: Rabbit Pace (5 minutes - 15 questions)• Use the Extreme Language technique to work quickly• Be unforgiving with knocking out - do not hesitate.• Do not check the incorrect options when you have an answer.Strategy 2: Cheetah Pace (5 minutes - 20 questions)• Do not even check your selected answer when you have one.• Do not leave any question unanswered in the test••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 52 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Summary and Overview Lesson 17• Opt for quality guessing rather than random guessing. So leave 2 minutes to guess the remaining few using Extreme Language and your gut instinct, rather than 1 minute to select A for every question.Lesson 14: Causation vs. Correlation• Causation is when X has caused Y.• Correlation is when X and Y have both changed in a certain way, but they could be unrelated.• Causation does not mean correlation.• In the UKCAT there may be an opinion from a person in the passage on link between X and Y. This does not mean a correlation or causation exists - it is just opinion.• They may place two sentences next to each other, and you assume there is a link whilst speed reading.Lesson 15: Verbal Reasoning - Test DayTest Day• In the test you will have a whiteboard to use for your working• The flag function on screen enables you to mark difficult questions• You can take breaks between sections before you begin the instruction timeWeek by Week Plan• 4 weeks to go- consolidate techniques by reading through the course booklet and example questions••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 53 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Summary and Overview Lesson 17• 3 weeks to go- practice questions and adapt the theories you learnt. Timing not essential to begin with, just focus on applying the correct theory.• 2.5 weeks to go - begin working on timing by doing mini-mocks under test conditions.• 2 weeks to go- work on full mocks to develop your skills for the last run• 1.5 weeks to go- revisit the theory taught using the course booklet and online videos• 1 week to go - practice several Verbal Reasoning mocks back to back to develop your concentration skills for test day.• 3 days to go - adapt to test conditions by replicating the conditions. Do a mock in your local library using an old computer and a whiteboard.• 1 day to go - consolidate the techniques briefly and then relax!• Test day - read a few passages before the test to waken up your mind. Good luck!Lesson 16: Tips from the Experts1. Do not panic- it can be terrifying when you first do a Verbal Reasoning mock, but stay calm because you will definitely improve if you learn to apply the Medic Mind techniques.2. Use the keyword technique- it may be against your natural instinct, but you simply cannot read the whole passage. The keyword technique is the best.3. Don’t be afraid to guess- you cannot get held up for 2 minutes on a single question. You have to be strict with yourself, and guess if needed.4. Have a flexible approach- do not be too narrow-minded when applying the techniques you have learnt.5. Be ready for the start- having so much text to read in the first section, when you are naturally nervous, is difficult. So get a good rest, and do some warm up reading to make sure you are ready to go!••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 54 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Answers and Explanations Tutorial Questions••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 84 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Tutorial Answers AnswersQuestion 1 - CLooking for dates leads us to 17th February 2013. Counting back 6 months goes toAugust. However, we are not sure if this is a reference to the start of the month, end orboth. Therefore the answer is Can’t Tell.Keywords: Olympic Games, DatesQuestion 2 - CThe passage says that SSPs ‘ended recommendation for two hours of PE in schoolseach week’. We know that the recommendation for two hours of PE has been ended, butthis does not necessarily mean no schools have 2 hour sessions. The statement has usedExtreme Language by saying ‘no schools’ at all.Keywords: PEQuestion 3 - AMichael Gove is Education Secretary, and he is ‘announcing a new report for school sport’.So it is plausible to infer he has some control. If the statement was extreme and said ‘fullcontrol’ it would be Can’t Tell.Keywords: Michael GoveQuestion 4 - AThe firm advocates reverting back to the old paper straws because they biodegrade.Hence we can infer that plastic straws do not biodegrade.Keywords: BiodegradableB - Keyword ‘Gin and Tonic’. Even though it mentions some people do have a straw for it,it doesn’t mean that it is the norm.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 85 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Tutorial Answers AnswersC - Keyword ‘Lucozade Sport’. There is no explicit mention of Lucozade Sport’s view on aplastic straw tax.D - Keyword ’restaurants’ (synonym ‘pub’). Many restaurants may not re-use, but thestatement is too extreme.Question 5 - CWe know that the average transaction is £8.60. But this does not mean that the majority oftransactions are above £8. Remember, averages can be skewed due to extreme values,so it could be a small cohort of people paying £30 transactions, whilst most people spendbelow £5.Keywords: Currency / FiguresQuestion 6 - BEven though the recycling facilities are poorly used, they do exist in certain areas. Thestatement is extreme - if it said ‘few’ instead of ‘no’, it would be true.Keywords: Recycling FacilitiesQuestion 7 - CThe government had considered a plastic bottle tax. This is a Passage Adjustment.However, they may have also considered a straw tax, so the answer is not False.Keywords: TaxQuestion 8 - CBe careful here, because the author may mention each point. His strongest point is likelyto be at the end.A- He doesn’t give a personal opinion on extending hours••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 86 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Tutorial Answers AnswersB - Again, he doesn’t give an explicit opinion on returfing greens.C - Again no reference.NOTICE! The answer lied in the last paragraph.Question 9 - DRemember, the best place to look for the author’s main opinion is the last paragraph. Inthe last paragraph he says ‘golf is a beneficial activity in terms of exercise and socialinteraction’.A - He says that is should be accessible to everyone as he advocates for cheaper prices.B - The author does not want it to be a luxury, even if it is becoming the case.C - The author discusses the number of women involvedNOTICE! Most the references are in the last paragraph.Question 10 - CThe general topic of the passage is the decline in the popularity of golf. Therefore C is thebest answer. In the passage it says ‘However it is a leisure activity and when finances aretight, people are choosing not to spend large sums on membership fees and even on ‘payand play’.A - Keyword ‘elderly’. This statement uses Extreme Language - golf is a good exercise,it does not say best.B - Keyword price reference. Golf is cheaper now than before, but we do not know it isthe cheapest it ever has been - again Extreme Language.D - Keyword ’women’. The statement goes too far - we know that there are more womenthan before, but there is no comparison to businessmen.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 87 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Tutorial Answers AnswersQuestion 11 - AIt is difficult to find a keyword here. Scanning shows us that some clubs are moving intoprivate hire to generate income. The passage says ‘More affluent clubs are surviving bydiversifying and opening their facilities for private hire and various other functions andevents.’B - Keyword ‘affluent clubs’. The statement uses Extreme Language (‘only’). There maybe 1 or 2 less affluent clubs surviving.C - Keyword ‘conditions’. Again, just because some stay open it doesn’t mean ‘all’ do -Extreme Language.D - Keyword ‘loneliness and depression’. Not stated in passage.Question 12 - CMark Hall says that ‘Only kids need a straw with their fizzy pop’. This is not ‘no one’, so Cis false.A - Mr. Hall’s general tone suggests that he agrees with this.B - Mr. Hall’s firm wants to follow in the footsteps of the plastic bag tax, so we can inferthat Mr. Hall views the scheme as successful.D - Mr Hall describes plastic straws as the ‘ultimate’ in human waste.Question 13 - DThe passage refers to the ‘common use of contactless by commuters on the capital'stransport system.’Common Use’ proves that it is often used for purchasing transport.Keywords: TransportA - Keyword ‘Cash’. Cash is still more common - knock out A.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 88 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Tutorial Answers AnswersB - Keyword ‘London’. Use is high, but the statement is using Extreme Language.It hasgone too far.C - Keyword ’60’. They may have taken to it quickly, but we do not know how many over60s there are. It is likely they make up less than 30% of the population.Question 14 - CThe limit rose from £20 to £30. At first this might seem like 1/3 more, but it definitely isn’t(50% more).Keyword: Currency ValuesA - No Keyword. Many prefer contactless, so this is true.B - Keyword ‘Transport’. This is not mentioned (Can’t Tell), but not false.C - Keyword ’food and drink’. Commonly used for this.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 89 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS


Answers and Explanations Mock Test••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 90 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test Answers 1 C 25 C 2 B 26 C 3 A 27 D 4 C 28 B 5 B 29 C 6 D 30 A 7 B 31 B 8 C 32 B 9 C 33 C10 A 34 C11 B 35 B12 A 36 B13 D 37 B14 B 38 C15 C 39 B16 C 40 A17 B 41 C18 C 42 B19 A 43 C20 B 44 D21 A 45 C22 A 46 A23 B 47 A24 C 48 C••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 91 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 1 - CCan’t Tell. Looking for the keyword ‘number tag’, we find it in the last paragraph where itsays that the man had a ‘number tag’ on his pectoral muscle. However, we do not knowhow many digits it is, so the answer is Can’t Tell.Question 2 - BFalse. We use the keywords ’S-21 Prison’ to guide us to the first line of the secondparagraph. The prison looked ‘like a high school’, but it isn’t one.Question 3 - ATrue. A good keyword here is ‘mass graves’. Using the keyword ‘Khmer Rouge’ will nothelp us too much as it doesn’t narrow down the passage for us much as the words arepresent throughout the passage. We are told that the most gruesome images to come outof Cambodia were those of the mass graves, the most haunting were the portraits taken bythe Khmer Rouge at S-21.Question 4 - CA - This is not true. We know that there were only 7 survivors.B - This is not true. Using the keyword ‘1979’ guides us to the last line of the secondparagraph, where it tells us that S-21 was discovered in January 1979, not the last month(December).C - This is true. The Khmer Rouge renamed the school and turned it into their base fortorture and interrogation.D - This is not true. We know that the spartan interrogation rooms are furnished with only aschool desk-and-chair set.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 92 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 5 - BB is likely to be true as Borges Matti is a soybean producer, and we are told that clear-cutting occurs to make space for soybean production. A is unlikely to be true as although there is a large amount of biodiversity, one of thegovernors of Brazil believes that there should be a constitutional right to deforestation.There is also no evidence that deforestation will cease or has ceased.C we do not know for sure. We know that it is a threat but whether it is the biggest isdebatable.D there is no evidence for.Question 6 - DD - We are told this in the passage and does support a reason as to why deforestationshould stop occurring. The answer is therefore D.A - We are not told anything about tourism in the passage at all. We can therefore rule thisout immediately.B - We know that deforestation helps the economy therefore this is contradicting what isbeing said in the passage.C - This is true and is told in the passage, however it does not provide an explanation as towhy deforestation should cease.Question 7 - BA - This is a counter-argument used to support why deforestation should occur.B - This is correct. We are told that there is a constitutional right to deforestationC - We know that he is a soybean producer, but he does not explicitly say this is thereason he wants deforestation to continue.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 93 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersD - He mentions the development of Brazil - this is not necessarily Brazil’s economy.Question 8 - CWe are told that cattle ranches and soybean plantation are two reasons why deforestationis occurring, which is a threat to the rainforest. We are also told that climate change isbeginning to threaten the wilderness.Question 9 - CCan’t Tell. We know that it was used was early as 4000 B.C, but we do not know anythingabout the production of yeast in 4004 B.C. What if there was a shortage of yeast thatyear?Question 10 - AA - We are told that some historians believe it is possible that brewing began when the firstcereal crops were domesticated.Question 11 - BB - We are told that a Hacinegi Type is found in Southern Turkey. The use of ‘only’ makesthis Extreme Language.Question 12 - AA - True. We are told that many sources agree that the discovery of the powers of yeastwere accidental.Question 13 - DFirst of all notice that this is a reverse question. It is asking you which of the statements isFalse, so if any statements are True or Can’t Tell they are not the answer option.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 94 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersFor D we will use the keyword ‘Essex’, because it is a capitalised noun. We find it in thesecond paragraph, where it mentions that ‘councils and schools in West Midlands,Hampshire and Essex are among those’ with the penalty. ‘Among those’ indicates thatthere are more than just these 3, so the statement is false in saying the fine only exists in 3UK districts.A - there is no discussion of the impact of the fines on lateness - Can’t Tell.B - South Korea is referred to as being a ‘leader in academic league tables’, so this is notFalse (either True or Can’t Tell).C - one scheme has a fine of £60, but we do not know that this is the maximum - Can’tTell.Question 14 - BAgain notice that this is a Reverse Question, they are asking for the solution notmentioned. Statement B involves a Passage Adjustment, which we looked at in Lesson 5.The passage does mention making children ‘mop classroom floors’ and ‘collect litter’, butthere is no mention of making them come in on weekends. This is a drastic change fromafter-school chores, so it is too big an adjustment for this statement to be true based onthe passage.A - Tom Bennet suggests that ‘parents whose teenage children were regularly late shouldwalk with them’. Notice that some solutions are from individuals, like Mr. Bennet, whilstothers are government initiatives already in use (such as the fines).C - this is the main topic of the passage, and they mention the £60 fine regularly.D - this is mentioned by the government’s tsar in paragraph 4.Question 15 - CIn the last paragraph Tom Bennet says that “Most pupils would rather lose an arm than beseen walking up to school with their parents”. However, this statement is used as anexaggeration to get across the point that students do not want to walk with their parents,instead of being said as actual fact. This is fine to use in the passage, but in the question••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 95 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test Answersyou have to look at the words literally. From a literal sense, this statement seems quiteridiculous, but without using external knowledge we still cannot put down false.Question 16 - CThe keyword ‘technology’ appears in the final line of the passage, where it says that Tom‘Bennet believes that the increase in technology has had a role in increasing the numberof students being late for school, because many are staying up late on their phones’.However, this is an opinion of Mr. Bennet, and not a fact. Therefore the statement is Can’tTell. Look at tutorial 15, Correlations vs. Causation, where there is a discussion of thedifference between opinion and fact.Question 17 - BWe are told that the giant panda is at high risk of extinction and that the peculiarcharacteristics of its gut microbiota may put it at high risk of extinction. Question 18 - CWe know that there are less than 2000 giant pandas living in the wild, but they could beliving in other places too. Whilst this does not make sense in the real world, you shouldremember that you should not use external knowledge.Question 19 - AThe phrase ‘unlike other herbivores’ implies that the panda itself is a herbivore but anatypical one. Question 20 - BWe know that mBio is a microbiology journal. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 96 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 21 - BThe word pizza was first documented in AD 997, however we are told at the end that anearly reference to pizza-like food occurred in 19BC. Question 22 - AWe are told that plakous is flavoured with toppings like garlic, and seasoned isinterchangeable with flavoured.Question 23 - BModern Pizza developed in NaplesQuestion 24 - CThere is no mention of Pizza being Italy’s signature dish in the text. You may know thisfrom external knowledge but you should not use any external knowledge in the UKCAT. Question 25 - CC - We are told that the tourist will be able to ‘admire the spectacular scenery of pristinewaters surrounded by Mt Komagatake’A is false, as we are not told anything about when it is a rainy day - only that ‘you cangreat views of Mt Fuji on a clear day’. B is false, as we are not given the author’s opinionon the Japanese style lunch. D is false as we are not given any information on theauthor’s opinion of the bus terminal. Question 26 - CWe are told that Mt Fuji’s 5th station is located about halfway up the mountain at 2,300mtherefore double that is 4,600 which is less than 5000m. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 97 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersA is false, as we are told that there is time for lunch. B is false as we are told that that it isa ‘scenic 2.5-hour route’. D is false, as we are told that views around Mt Fuji are alwayssubject to weather conditions. Question 27 - DD - We are told this tour also offer a discounted option with pickup at Keio Plaza Hotel inShinjuku for direct transfer to Mt Fuji without stopping at Hamamatsucho Bus TerminalA is false, as we are told that the guide will tell you how to get back to your hotel. B isfalse, as we are told that Shinkansen is the evening bullet train. C is false, as we are toldthat Lake Ashi is located in Hakone National Park.Question 28 - BWe are told that the atmosphere of 5th station is ‘invigorating’. This is a synonym forrevitalising. Question 29 - CWe know that a lack of HIV diagnosis is a major obstacle to implementing theorganisation’s recommendation - however we do not know if it is the only reason.Question 30 - AThe key part of this statement is the ‘it is likely’ aspect. There is no mention oftreatment and prognosis, however the fact that it will give more access to peoplewho are undiagnosed with HIV will mean that more will have access to resourceswhich lead to more treatment,Question 31 - B12% —> 60% is a 5-fold increase. It has therefore not increased more than 5-fold.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 98 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 32 - BWe are told that HIV self-testing is ‘particularly important for those people facingbarriers to accessing existing services’ - This does not correspond to being moreeconomically viable.Question 33 - CWe are not given any information on how many are able to/unable to accesstreatment.Question 34 - CWe are told that there were appetitive nappers, replacement nappers and sporadicnappers.Question 35 - BThere is no mention of the name ‘Burgess’ in the passage.Question 36 - BB is the correct answer. A is a counter-argument to the weakness of not being basedon inclination for napping. C and D relate to other aspects of the passage.Question 37 - BWe are told on the third line ‘those that napped habitually (i.e. more than twice aweek).••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 99 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 38 - CWe only know that there were 1.79 billion global monthly active users as of September 30,2016 - no information is given about 2017 figures.Question 39 - BWe are told that it is important to acknowledge that they are having a significant influenceon several mental and emotional statesQuestion 40 - AWe are told that self-esteem is conceptualised as an influential predictor for happiness.Question 41 - CC is the correct answer as it says that an “offer estimated at about 40-50% morepassengers than equivalent traditional railcars”.A is false, as the vehicle never came into regular service. B is false as they took place inBologna and D is false as they were produced by Cafici International.Question 42 - BWe are told that Cafici International has its headquarters in Geneva.Question 43 - CWe are told ‘Such vehicles were built under CIMT Lorraine (a French firm) license’••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 100 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS

Mock Test AnswersQuestion 44 - DIt says ‘which were derived from those equipped on the double-decker coaches then beingdelivered by Casaralta, with secondary air suspension and brake discs and mixed strains’Question 45 - CLooking through the passage there is no reference to the keyword ‘extinct’, which isalready a hint that perhaps the answer is not True. We find in the last paragraph that thereare threats to ‘elephant survival’. We know that elephants are an endangered species andthat the number of elephants is declining, but we do not know for sure that they will goextinct. This is an example of Extreme Language, because if the statement said ‘elephantscould go extinct’ then the answer would be True.Question 46 - AFigures are great keywords, and we find a reference to kg and dollars in the fourthparagraph. 1kg is 3000 dollars, so 40kg = 3000 x 40 = $1200000 = $1.2mQuestion 47 - AWe know that widespread deforestation has caused legal logging to official ceasethroughout Thailand. We use the keywords ‘legal logging’, and there is a pretty exactmatch in the passage - ‘widespread deforestation has caused legal logging to officiallycease throughout Thailand’. ‘Thailand’ can also be a possible keyword.Question 48 - CWe use the keyword ‘deforestation’, which takes us to the final line, which saysdeforestation is one of the ‘major threats’ to elephant survival. We know that it is one of themajor threats, but not the biggest danger. This is Extreme Language. It is still possible thatdeforestation is the biggest danger, we just haven’t been told, so the answer is Can’t Tell.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 101 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UKCAT BMAT www.medicmind.co.uk Interview UCAS